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The trial aimed to examine the effect of eight weeks preoperative low‐load blood flow restricted resistance training (BFR‐RT) on physical function, lower limb strength, and patient‐reported outcomes in knee OA patients 3 and 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared with preoperative usual care. An assessor blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. Eighty‐six patients scheduled for TKA who were allocated to 8 weeks BFR‐RT on the affected leg 3x/week or preoperative usual care involving no exercise (CON). Primary outcome: 30‐s sit to stand (30STS). Secondary outcomes: Timed Up&Go, 40‐m walk test (40mWT), knee range of motion (ROM) 1‐repetition maximum (1RM) leg press and knee extensor strength, maximal isometric contraction (MVIC) for the knee extensors and flexors, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Euroqol 5‐dimensions (EQ‐5D‐L5) questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline (12 weeks pre‐surgery), ~3 days pre‐surgery, 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed no significant between‐group differences in the change from baseline to 3 and 12 months postoperatively on 30STS, TUG, or 40mFWT. Significant between‐group differences were observed at 3 but not 12 months postoperatively for the corresponding changes in 1RM leg press strength, 1RM knee extensor strength, and MVIC knee extensor favoring BFR‐RT. No between‐group differences were observed for the delta changes from baseline in knee ROM, KOOS subscales or EQ‐5D‐L5 at any postoperative time points. These findings suggest that preoperative BFR‐RT offered no superior effects compared with usual preoperative care on postoperative physical function or patient‐reported outcomes. Preoperative BFR‐RT produced amplified gains in lower limb muscle strength at 3 months postoperatively. Trial Registration: NCT04081493 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hip strength has been shown to influence the incidence of injury in women's football. The first objective of our study was to examine the differences in isometric strength of the adductors and abductors between two test positions (0° vs. 45° hip angle). Our second objective was to verify the sensitivity of the two test positions in discriminating between women footballers with and without a history of groin pain in the last twelve months. One hundred and one elite players from the Slovenian women's football league were tested. The isometric strength of the adductors, abductors, and the ratio between hip abductor and adductor strength in two different test positions were assessed. We found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05; effect size range 0.12–0.13) between the two test positions in hip adduction, abduction strength, and abductor/adductor strength ratio. The ROC analysis showed that only the abductor/adductor strength ratio at the 0° hip angle position can differentiate between players with and without a history of groin pain, with an optimal cut-off point of ≤ 1.01 (p < 0.05; AUC = 0.734). The results should help practitioners plan hip strength training for returning to sport or preventing groin pain among women football players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on physical performance, neuromuscular and metabolic responses during CrossFit® exercise. Seventeen Advanced CrossFit®-trained athletes completed the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol consisting of four visits, including two familiarization sessions and two experimental trials separated by a 7-day washout period. Participants supplemented 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM) of SB or placebo 120-min prior to performing the CrossFit® benchmark Fran followed by 500 m of rowing. SB improved time to complete Fran compared to PLA (291.2 ± 71.1 vs. 303.3 ± 77.8 s, p = 0.047), but not 500 m rowing (112.1 s ± 7.9 vs. 113.2 s ± 8.9 s, p = 0.26). No substantial side-effects were reported during the trials. This study showed that SB improved CrossFit® benchmark Fran performance, but not subsequent 500-m rowing. These data suggest that SB might be an interesting supplementation strategy for CrossFit® athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with patellofemoral pain (PFP) may have lower performance during the forward step-down and single-leg hop with their painful (unilateral complaints) or most painful (bilateral complaints) limb when compared with pain-free controls. However, no authors have investigated the appropriateness of using the pain-free or less painful limb as a reference standard in clinical practice or whether deficits might be present depending on the laterality of pain. To compare performance scores and proportion of side-to-side limb symmetry during the forward step-down and single-leg hop tests among people with unilateral and bilateral PFP and pain-free controls. Cross-sectional study. Laboratory. Fifty-two young adults (18–35 years old) with unilateral PFP, 72 with bilateral PFP, and 76 controls. Group × limb interactions on performance during the step-down (repetitions) and single-leg hop (distance [cm] normalized by the limb length) tests were investigated using a repeated-measures analysis of covariance controlling for sex. Pairwise comparisons were interpreted using effect sizes. A χ2 test was used to compare the proportion of symmetry/asymmetry (cutoff point of ≥90% for symmetry indices) across groups and tests. Main effects for groups (small to medium effects) but not limbs indicated lower performance of both limbs of individuals with unilateral and bilateral PFP than controls during forward step-down and single-leg hop tests. No significant differences for the proportion of symmetry/asymmetry were identified across groups (P ≥.05), which further suggests an impaired physical performance of the contralateral limb. Our results indicate bilateral deficits in the physical performance of people with unilateral and bilateral PFP when compared with pain-free controls during the forward step-down and single-leg hop tests. Limb symmetry indices greater than 90% should be interpreted with caution, as they may overstate physical performance by not assuming bilateral deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the landing phases of the single-leg hop for distance (SLHD) are commonly assessed, limited work reflects how the take-off phase influences hop performance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). To compare trunk and lower extremity biomechanics between individuals with ACLR and matched uninjured controls during take-off of the SLHD. Cross-sectional study design. Laboratory setting. Sixteen individuals with ACLR and 18 uninjured controls. Normalized quadriceps isokinetic torque, hop distance, and respective limb symmetry indices were collected for each participant. Sagittal and frontal kinematics and kinetics of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle as well as vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces were recorded for loading and propulsion of the take-off phase of the SLHD. Those with ACLR had weaker quadriceps peak torque in the involved limb (P =.001) and greater strength asymmetry (P <.001) than control individuals. Normalized hop distance was not statistically different between limbs or between groups (P >.05), and hop distance symmetry was not different between groups (P >.05). During loading, the involved limb demonstrated lesser knee flexion angles (P =.030) and knee power (P =.007) than the uninvolved limb and lesser knee extension moments than the uninvolved limb (P =.001) and controls (P =.005). During propulsion, the involved limb demonstrated lesser knee extension moment (P =.027), knee power (P =.010), knee (P =.032) and ankle work (P =.032), and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces (P =.047) and greater knee (P =.016) abduction excursions than the uninvolved limb. Between-limb differences in SLHD take-off suggest a knee underloading strategy in the involved limb. These results provide further evidence that distance covered during SLHD assessment can overestimate function and fail to identify compensatory biomechanical strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is limited knowledge about the possible long‐term effects on jaw motor function after whiplash trauma. Objectives: The primary aim was to evaluate integrated jaw and head–neck movement amplitudes during jaw function in individuals 2 years after whiplash trauma, compared to controls. The secondary aim was to evaluate changes between the acute stage and a 2‐year follow‐up in terms of jaw and head–neck movement amplitudes during jaw function. Methods: This study included 28 cases exposed to a whiplash trauma 2 years earlier (13 women) and 28 controls (13 women) without previous neck trauma. Head and jaw movement amplitudes were recorded during maximal jaw opening–closing movements using an optoelectronic 3D recording system. For a subpopulation of 12 cases and 15 controls, recordings had also been performed in the acute stage after the whiplash trauma. Jaw and head movement amplitudes were analysed using linear regression with group and sex as independent variables. The subpopulation longitudinal analysis was adjusted for movement amplitudes at baseline. Results: Jaw movement amplitudes were significantly associated with group (coefficient: −0.359: 95% CI: −10.70 to −1.93, p =.006) with smaller amplitudes of jaw movements for whiplash cases. Head movement amplitudes were not associated with group (coefficient: −0.051, 95% CI: −4.81 to 3.20, p =.687). In the longitudinal analysis, both jaw and head movement amplitudes showed significant associations between baseline and the 2‐year follow‐up. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that the effects on jaw function in terms of jaw opening capacity in the acute stage after whiplash trauma do not spontaneously recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transportation industry involves various ergonomic injuries caused by activities exceeding workers' capabilities. Although the construction industry has been thoroughly studied regarding work--related injuries, hazardous activities, and effective ergonomic solutions, there is a lack of such research in the transportation sector. However, injuries, risky activities, and effectiveness of solutions may be different in transportation activities due to different work duration, intensity, and frequency. Thus, this research intends to explore the common work-related injuries, hazardous transportation activities, and the effectiveness of ergonomic solutions for transportation maintenance workers. This thorough examination incorporated historical injury records, online surveys, in-person site observations, and field experiments. Specifically, a preliminary list was first created based on transportation workers' historical injury data, including common injured worker positions, injury types, activities causing most injures, and potential risk factors. An online survey was then designed to identify work-related injuries and activities. Following observations, field experiments involved 29 transportation maintenance workers. Back injuries emerged as the most prevalent when engaging in lifting and pushing/pulling tasks. Using a back exoskeleton can eliminate physical fatigue risks when lifting weights of 50 pounds or more. In addition, lifting lighter loads (31.5 pounds) can significantly reduce the risk of injuries. RELEVANCE TO HUMAN FACTORS/ERGONOMICS THEORY: Prevalent work-related injuries, hazardous activities, and effective ergonomic solutions have been thoroughly researched in the construction domain. However, with the injury and fatality statistics of the transportation industry, there is a lack of studies investigating what injuries are prevalent, what activities are risky, and what solutions could be effective in the transportation industry. To the best of author's knowledge, this paper is the first research presenting a new framework exploring prevalent work-related injuries, hazardous activities, and ergonomic solutions' effectiveness in the domain of transportation maintenance work through the analysis of historical data, online survey data, onsite observations, and field experiment. Theoretically, this paper fills the lack of research about identification of ergonomic injuries and risky activities in the transportation industry, and contributes to the development of ergonomically effective process, practice, and technique for improved health and safety in the transportation maintenance work. Practically, the research team worked with a state Department of Transportation to help the transportation-related workers, managers, and organizations better realize the risky activities and understand how to prevent the risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Residents of assisted living facilities (ALF) transfer to a nursing home when they require a higher level of care, but limited research has examined risk factors for transfer to a nursing home. The aims of this study were to identify (1) baseline factors associated with transfer to a nursing home and (2) time‐varying factors associated with transfer to a nursing home over 8 years, using a national dataset from the National Health Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Methods: NHATS participants were included in this study if they: (1) resided in ALF from Round 1 (2011) through Round 8 (2018); (2) completed the sample person (SP) interview at baseline; (3) were admitted to ALF at age 65 years or older. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression to examine candidate predictors (difficulty with basic activities of daily living (ADL), chronic conditions, hospitalization, sleep disturbances, mental health, physical performance, self‐reported health, participation in social and physical activity, and sociodemographic) associated with transfer to a nursing home. Employing backward elimination, we built parsimonious final models for analysis. Results: The analytic sample included 970 participants of whom 143 transferred to nursing homes over 8 years. Those who had a better physical performance at baseline (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.79–0.88) and were college educated (HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36–0.92) demonstrated a significantly lower risk for transfer to a nursing home over 8 years. Residents who maintained physical activity (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37–0.86), better physical performance (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80–0.94), and difficulty with fewer basic ADLs (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02–1.26) were at lower risk for transfer to a nursing home over 8 years. Conclusions: Our findings can be used to identify older adults in ALFs at risk of transfer to a nursing home. Strategies to promote physical function and physical activity could avoid/delay the need to transfer. Helping older residents to age in place will have important health and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of the Spinning Babies program applied during labor on birth outcomes and satisfaction among pregnant women. Methods: This non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized post-test only design study included 42 participants (22 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The Spinning Babies program was conducted four times in the experimental group during the first and second stages of delivery for 50 min per session. The program comprised performing pelvic circles on a birth ball, followed by wide squatting and adopting of open knee-chest and side-lying positions. Results: Compared with those in the control group, pregnant women in the experimental group had a significantly shorter labor time (t = - 6.64, p < .001), a higher success rate for normal vaginal delivery (χ² = 4.86, p = .043), improved Apgar scores of newborns (z² = - 2.18, p = .029), differences in neonatal oxygen therapy use (χ² = 4.86, p = .043), and improved birth satisfaction (t = 11.99, p < .001). Conclusion: The Spinning Babies program improves the birth environment by increasing the normal vaginal delivery success rate, as well as pregnant women's birth satisfaction, and promotes neonatal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 syndrome has affected millions of people, with rehabilitation being at the center of non-pharmacologic care. However, numerous published studies show conflicting results due to, among other factors, considerable variation in subject characteristics. Currently, the effects of age, sex, time of implementation, and prior disease severity on the outcomes of a supervised rehabilitation program after COVID-19 remain unknown. METHODS: This was a non-randomized case-control study. Subjects with post-COVID-19 sequelae were enrolled. Among study participants, those who could attend an 8-week, supervised rehabilitation program composed the intervention group, whereas those who couldn't the control group. Measurements were collected at baseline and 8 weeks thereafter. RESULTS: Study groups (N = 119) had similar baseline measurements. Participation in rehabilitation (n = 47) was associated with clinically important improvements in the 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance, adjusted (for potential confounders) odds ratio (AOR) 4.56 (95% CI 1.95-10.66); 1-min sit-to-stand test, AOR 4.64 (1.88-11.48); Short Physical Performance Battery, AOR 7.93 (2.82-22.26); health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 5-level EuroQol-5D (Visual Analog Scale), AOR 3.12 (1.37-7.08); Montreal Cognitive Assessment, AOR 6.25 (2.16-18.04); International Physical Activity Questionnaire, AOR 3.63 (1.53-8.59); Fatigue Severity Scale, AOR 4.07 (1.51-10.98); Chalder Fatigue Scale (bimodal score), AOR 3.33 (1.45-7.67); Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), AOR 4.43 (1.83-10.74); Post-COVID-19 Functional Scale (PCFS), AOR 3.46 (1.51-7.95); and COPD Assessment Test, AOR 7.40 (2.92-18.75). Time from disease onset was marginally associated only with 6MWT distance, AOR 0.99 (0.99-1.00). Prior hospitalization was associated with clinically important improvements in the mMRC dyspnea scale, AOR 3.50 (1.06-11.51); and PCFS, AOR 3.42 (1.16-10.06). Age, sex, and ICU admission were not associated with the results of any of the aforementioned tests/grading scales. CONCLUSIONS: In this non-randomized, case-control study, post-COVID-19 rehabilitation was associated with improvements in physical function, activity, HRQOL, respiratory symptoms, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. These associations were observed independently of timing of rehabilitation, age, sex, prior hospitalization, and ICU admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Reduced dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) which is commonly seen following lateral ankle sprain (LAS) has the potential to influence lower extremity biomechanics which have been linked to increased injury risk in the female athlete. Current research on the effect of sex and LAS history on DFROM is limited. Hypothesis/Purpose This study had three aims 1) to determine the effect of sex, leg dominance and LAS history on DFROM, 2) to determine the effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of DFROM symmetry and 3) to examine the association of sex on direction (whether dominant or non-dominant limb had the higher DFROM) of symmetry. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Methods DFROM was measured bilaterally in 105 recreational athletes all participating in multidirectional sports using the tape measurement method during the weight bearing lunge test (WBLT). A mean of three measurements was used for analysis. A 3-way mixed ANOVA was carried out to determine the interaction between sex, LAS history and leg dominance on DFROM and a 2-way ANOVA for the effect of sex and LAS history on asymmetry. A chi-square test was used to determine the association of sex and direction of asymmetry. Results The results indicate no significant effect of sex, LAS history, and leg dominance on DFROM (p=0.65). Main effects were significant for sex and LAS on DFROM. The mean asymmetry for all participants was reported as 12.25±14.76cm. No significant effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of asymmetry was reported. There was a significant association of sex and direction of asymmetry (χ²(1) = 11.26, p = 0.00). Sixty-five-point two percent of males were shown to have higher DFROM of their non-dominant limb compared to 75% of females who were higher in their dominant limb. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that DFROM is affected by sex and LAS history. While females have increased DFROM compared to males, those with LAS history are more likely to have a decreased DFROM on the involved side. The results also indicate that interlimb asymmetries in DFROM are present in athletes, therefore practitioners should exercise caution when using bilateral comparisons in injury and return to play assessments. Level of Evidence 2b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Single-legged hop tests have been widely used to assess performance-based outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Traditional single, triple, or 6-meter (6m) timed hop tests only measure distance or time as the principal variables, neglecting other variables, such as individual hop distances within a series of hops, flight time, and stance time. The development of portable instrumented pressure walkways has made it possible to collect parameters such as hop velocity, flight time, stance time, distance, and pressure outside of a laboratory setting. However, the reliability of instrumented pressure walkways in measuring spatial and temporal variables during single-legged hop tests is unknown. This study aimed to determine if the Zeno walkway can reliably measure spatiotemporal (ST) characteristics of hop tests. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Methods Individuals (n=38) in this cross-sectional study performed single, triple, and 6m hop tests on a pressure-sensitive Zeno walkway. Twenty-one participants completed follow-up testing between one and 14 days later. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(3,k)) were used to assess test-retest reliability of ST variables. The accuracy of vertical jump height and 6m hop timing were also measured. Results All ST variables demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.86) with small minimal detectable change (MDC) values during single-legged hop tests. Six-meter hop time and jump height during a bilateral drop jump were also accurately measured by the walkway. Conclusion An instrumented pressure walkway is a novel tool to reliably assess non-traditional parameters of clinically relevant hop and jump tests such as flight time, stance time, and jump height after lower extremity injury, surgery, and rehabilitation. Level of Evidence 3b [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poor nursing performance is considered a threat to patient safety, affecting the quality of care provided and ultimately impacting patient outcomes. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to identify the predictors of nursing performance. Methods: A cross-sectional predictive design was used. A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 251 emergency nurses in three health sectors. They were assessed using the secondary traumatic stress scale and the nursing performance scale. Data were collected between June and August 2022. Results: Nurses experienced severe levels of secondary traumatic stress (M = 57.9, SD = 14.94). The nursing performance level was below average (M = 27.48, SD = 9.36), and the mental performance subscale received the lowest rating (M = 5.82, SD = 2.69). There was a strong negative association between the secondary traumatic stress total score and the total score of nursing performance (r = −.77). Additionally, factors such as high body mass index, smoking, the presence of chronic diseases, working overtime, and high levels of secondary traumatic stress were identified as significant predictors of nursing performance. Conclusion: It is recommended that emergency nurses be provided with treatment programs and interventions to reduce their secondary traumatic stress to improve their performance, thereby ensuring high-quality patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Physical performance is becoming increasingly critical in basketball, as it directly influences players' agility, power, and endurance. This study aimed to assess the progression of body composition and physical performance metrics across different ages and genders, establishing age- and gender-specific reference values for Tunisian basketball athletes. Methods: A total of 469 Tunisian basketball players (239 boys and 230 girls) were assessed and grouped by age. Anthropometric measures—including standing and sitting height, body mass, leg length, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, wingspan, and leg muscle volume—were collected alongside physical performance metrics. Performance tests included countermovement and squat jumps, change-of-direction speed, maximal oxygen uptake, flexibility, the five-jump test, and 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m sprints with and without the ball. Normative data were generated based on age and gender categories. Results: The findings revealed significant age-related improvements in both anthropometric and performance parameters. Boys consistently outperformed girls in physical and fitness-related measures, with gender differences becoming more pronounced with age. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that, for boys, body fat percentage, leg muscle volume, standing height, and wingspan were the best predictors of physical performance. For girls, body fat percentage, standing height, and sitting height were identified as key predictors. Conclusions: The newly established Tunisian reference values for physical performance in youth basketball provide valuable benchmarks that can support the development of explosive power and strength in players, aiding in talent identification and potentially enhancing individual and team performance outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are global health concerns associated with insufficient physical activity (PA), excessive sedentary behaviour (SB), and inadequate sleep. This study aimed to determine whether differences exist in 24 h movement behaviours between Czech non-overweight children and children with overweight/obesity aged 3–10 years, with respect to their gender, age, or family socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: A total of 381 children (49.9% girls), aged 3–10 years, participated. Their PA, SB, and sleep were continuously monitored over a regular week using wrist-worn accelerometers. Weight status was determined by BMI z-scores, according to World Health Organization standards. SES was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale. Results: Non-overweight children had averages of 414 min of PA, 472 min of SB, and 554 min of sleep per day, while children with overweight/obesity had averages of 392 min of PA, 503 min of SB, and 545 min of sleep. Non-overweight children engaged in significantly more PA (22 min per day; p = 0.014) and significantly less SB (31 min per day; p = 0.002) than children with overweight/obesity. No significant differences were found between the weight groups in gender distribution, age, family SES, or maternal and paternal obesity. Conclusions: Non-overweight children exhibited higher levels of PA and lower levels of SB compared to their counterparts with overweight/obesity, independent of gender, age, or family SES. These findings highlight an association between daily movement behaviours and weight status in young children. Further research is needed to explore the impact of modifying PA and SB on weight outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To assess the prevalence of workplace‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among Nurses and Midwives in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Northern Ghana. Methods: The study utilised a descriptive cross‐sectional study design using the STROBES guidelines. Standardised Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to gather data from 309 nurses and midwives. The selection of respondents was done using a simple random sampling method. The data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0. Results: From the 259 included respondents, 195 (75.3%) experienced WMSDs in the last 12 months. 138 (70.7%) highlighted their low back (lumbar/sacral) as the affected region and 119 (61.0%) indicated experiencing WMSDs during the first 5 years of clinical practice. Key job‐related risk factors contributing to WMSDs development included working in the same positions (such as standing, bending over, sitting, kneeling) for long periods (176 [68.0%]), treating an excessive number of patients in 1 day (142 [54.8%]), continuing to work while injured or hurt (139 [53.7%]), bending or twisting the back in an awkward way (140 [54.1%]) and not enough rest breaks or pauses during the workday (130 [50.2%]). Regarding coping strategies, the most frequently employed method was getting someone else to help handle a heavy patient (83 [42.5%]). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that respondents with fewer than 5 years of experience were markedly more susceptible to reporting WMSDs compared to those with over 10 years of experience (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI [1.03, 13.42], p = 0.043). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of WMSDs among nurses and midwives was high. This study also revealed that the most commonly affected body region was their low back. Working in the same position for long periods was identified as a major occupational risk factor contributing to these disorders. Despite this risk, a significant number of nurses and midwives consistently sought assistance when handling heavy patients. The current study suggests that hospitals should provide comprehensive ergonomic training to healthcare professionals, emphasising proper body mechanics, posture and techniques for patient moving and handling. Patient or Public Contribution: Patients or public were not involved in setting the research objectives, the design and preparation of the manuscript. Nurses and midwives working the tertiary hospital answered the research questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated age and gender differences in the perception and use of soft (Apex) vs. rigid (Paexo Back) passive back-support exoskeletons (BSE) for repetitive lifting and lowering. A gender-balanced sample of 20 young (18–30 years) and 16 old (45–60 years) individuals were recruited. In the first session, participants' self-reported maximum acceptable load (MAL) was assessed using a psychophysical approach. Changes in muscle activity and kinematics due to BSE use in repetitive lifting/lowering tasks were also assessed. Overall, both BSEs increased MAL (by ∼7%), and reduced trunk extensor muscle activity across all groups (by ∼7–18%), compared to the control condition. Both BSEs promoted more squatting postures, increased quadriceps muscle activity (by ∼34%) and abdominal muscle activity during asymmetric tasks (by 5–20%). Some age and gender differences were significant, particularly for the trunk kinematics when using the Apex. Future work should include more diverse user groups in studying willingness to adopt BSEs and characterising their consequent effects on the body. Practitioner summary: Manual material handling is difficult to eliminate in several industries. There are now viable rigid and soft exosuit systems that can offer varying levels of support. We found both kinds of exoskeletons to be equally effective in reducing trunk extensor muscle activity, among young and old males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged sitting is postulated to influence musculoskeletal performance (cervical flexor endurance, balance, and agility), discomfort and alter cervical spine angles during work-based computer use. Stair climbing breaks may be a great addition at typical and home offices however remain unexplored for its impact on musculoskeletal performance. In our counterbalanced pilot crossover trial, 24 adults were randomised to three interventions: (1) prolonged sitting, (2) interrupted by 2 min of self-paced, and (3) externally paced stair climbing for 2 h. Cervical spine angles were measured every 30 min while balance, agility, endurance, and discomfort were assessed before and after 120 min. Stair climbing interruptions have favourable effects on agility (F = 8.12, p = 0.009, ηp2 = 0.26) and musculoskeletal discomfort, but failed to improve other musculoskeletal outcomes associated with prolonged sitting. Brief stair climbing interruptions are effective in improving discomfort and agility while pragmatic trials are warranted for translated effects. Practitioner summary: Stair climbing interventions are known for their cardiovascular benefits, however their impact on musculoskeletal performance remains unclear. In our randomised crossover pilot study, we explored the effects of stair climbing interruptions on cervical posture, endurance, agility, and balance during 120 min of prolonged sitting. Stair climbing interruptions were favourable in reducing time to complete agility tasks and neck/shoulder discomfort score compared to prolonged sitting. However other performance measures remained unaltered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image-guided biopsy is an integral step in the diagnosis and management of suspicious image-detected breast or axillary lesions, allowing for accurate diagnosis and, if indicated, treatment planning. Tissue sampling can be performed under guidance of a full spectrum of breast imaging modalities, including stereotactic, tomosynthesis, sonographic, and MRI, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. Procedural planning, which includes consideration of technical, patient, and lesion factors, is vital for diagnostic accuracy and limitation of complications. The purpose of this paper is to review and provide guidance for breast imaging radiologists in selecting the best procedural approach for the individual patient to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal patient outcomes. Common patient and lesion factors that may affect successful sampling and contribute to postbiopsy complications are reviewed and include obesity, limited patient mobility, patient motion, patients prone to vasovagal reactions, history of anticoagulation, and lesion location, such as proximity to vital structures or breast implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The mechanism of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury during pitching is excessive elbow varus torque (EVT). The EVT–ball velocity (T-V) relationship allows concurrent assessment of player performance and UCL injury risk. Modifiable physical capacities may underlie individual variation seen in the T-V relationship. Purpose: To identify physical performance characteristics that impact the T-V relationship during pitching. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 87 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I pitchers participated. Pitching collection involved measurement of EVT and ball velocity during 5 maximal effort fastballs thrown to a catcher. Physical measures collected were the following: shoulder and hip passive range of motion (ROM) and strength, shoulder rate of torque development (RTD), grip strength, and lumbopelvic stability. Physical measures were entered into univariate linear mixed models with ball velocity as a covariate to predict EVT. Variable reduction for multivariate models involved selection of physical measures based on random forest–derived variable importance and univariate relationship significance, rendering a 27-variable pool. Multivariate linear mixed models predicting EVT, adjusting for physical measures and other physical characteristics, were then created using backward elimination. Results: In univariate analysis, for every 1 m/s (2.2 mph) increase in ball velocity, the mean EVT increased by 1.51 Nċm (95% CI, 0.66-2.37 Nċm; P =.001). In univariate analysis, hip abduction strength symmetry and bilateral lumbopelvic stability significantly increased EVT, while dominant-shoulder ROM, scaption RTD symmetry, and hip ROM significantly decreased EVT. Variables that increased EVT while controlling for ball velocity in the final model include grip strength symmetry, lead-leg lumbopelvic stability, and bodyweight. Increased dominant-shoulder internal rotation (IR) strength, dominant-shoulder flexion ROM, and scaption strength asymmetry decreased EVT as ball velocity increased. Conclusion: Several modifiable physical measures affected EVT in the univariate analysis. In our final model, when controlling for ball velocity, EVT increased with increased grip strength symmetry, lead-leg lumbopelvic stability, and bodyweight and decreased with increased dominant-shoulder IR strength, dominant-shoulder flexion ROM, and scaption strength asymmetry. Clinical Relevance: Defining the individual and multivariate effects of these physical capacities on EVT contextualizes their role in the T-V relationship and helps identify access points through which coaches and clinicians can optimize a pitcher's T-V relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changes in limb length and coronal pelvic tilt, which occur along with changes in limb alignment, may affect the functional lateral acetabular coverage of the hip joint under weightbearing conditions. Purpose: To analyze the functional lateral acetabular coverage after unilateral closed-wedge and open-wedge high tibial osteotomies with a large wedge correction of ≥10 mm. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 107 unilateral closed-wedge high tibial osteotomies (CWHTOs) and 100 unilateral open-wedge high tibial osteotomies (OWHTOs) with a wedge correction of ≥10 mm and without correction loss during a 2-year follow-up. Limb length and coronal pelvic tilt were measured. Functional lateral acetabular coverage was evaluated using the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), acetabular index, sharp angle, and femoral head extrusion index (FHEI) with reference to the ground horizontal line. Appropriate ranges of the LCEA (22° to 40°), acetabular index (−8° to 14°), sharp angle (34° to 43°), and FHEI (11% to 27%) were investigated. Results: Limb length significantly decreased after CWHTO (−7.2 mm) and increased after OWHTO (11.5 mm). The pelvis of the operative limb tilted downward after CWHTO (−1.0°) and upward after OWHTO (2.1°). The mean parameters for functional lateral acetabular coverage significantly changed toward more coverage after CWHTO and less coverage after OWHTO (change in LCEA, acetabular index, sharp angle, and FHEI = 1.2°, −1.1°, −1.0°, and −0.7%, respectively, in CWHTO and −1.3°, 1.8°, 1.6°, and 2.7%, respectively, in OWHTO). When evaluating the appropriateness of each parameter for coverage, cases of conversions from undercoverage to appropriate coverage (1.9% to 4.7%) and appropriate to overcoverage (0.9% to 5.6%) after CWHTO and from overcoverage to appropriate coverage (0% to 8%) and appropriate to undercoverage (2% to 7%) after OWHTO were observed. Conclusion: The functional lateral acetabular coverage increased after CWHTO and decreased after OWHTO. Surgeons may want to consider the acetabular coverage of the ipsilateral hip joint when performing a unilateral high tibial osteotomy with a large correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear impairs knee biomechanics in daily activities and potentially breaks the synergy among other knee ligaments. Previous studies have demonstrated that the biomechanics of collateral ligaments is influenced by ACL deficiency. Purpose: To investigate changes in the elongation patterns of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) during the execution of a single-leg squat before and after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 16 patients (mean age, 24.9 ± 8.5 years) with ACL deficiency were enrolled in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the affected knees were used to produce 3-dimensional models of the tibia and femur and identify insertion sites of the MCL, LCL, and PCL. Motion capture of a single-leg squat was performed through a biplanar radiographic system. Data were acquired before ACL reconstruction and at a minimum of 18 months (mean, 22.9 ± 4.1 months) postoperatively. The centroids of the ligaments' insertions were used to calculate the length of the investigated structures during the squat task. Absolute length (L), absolute length increase from the orthostatic resting position (Δ L), and relative length increase (Δ L %) were computed for each ligament, and preoperative and postoperative data were compared using the paired Student t test. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the ligament insertion's identification and kinematics between 2 independent observers. Results: Significant differences were found for the MCL in absolute length increase (P =.047; Cohen d = 0.60) and relative length increase (P =.043; Cohen d = 0.61) from rest between preoperatively and postoperatively (Δ L pre = 1.0 mm; Δ L post = −1.1 mm; difference = 2.1 mm) at 0° to 30° of knee flexion during the descending phase of the single-leg squat. No differences were seen in the elongation patterns of the LCL or PCL from before to after ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: The MCL was significantly longer between 0° and 30° in ACL-deficient knees compared with ACL-reconstructed knees during the descending phase of a single-leg squat. No differences were identified for the LCL or PCL. Clinical Relevance: Early ACL reconstruction could have a protective effect on the MCL in combined ACL and MCL lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To test a pilot home-telehealth program to enhance functional ability, physical performance, and objective physical activity in Veterans after hospital discharge. Method: A physical activity trainer and multidisciplinary team supported the progression of rehabilitation goals via a 6-month home exercise program. Pilot program feasibility, including recruitment, retention, reasons for early withdrawal, differences between those who did and did not complete the program, and completion of outcome measures are reported. Outcomes include changes in functional ability, physical performance, and physical activity (using actigraphy) from baseline to endpoint. Results: Twenty-one of 45 Veterans enrolled did not complete the 6-month program. No baseline differences were found comparing completers and non-completers. The majority of completers (n = 24) were White men with a mean age of 74 years (SD = 8 years, range = 64 to 93 years) and included those with no (n = 8), mild (n = 13), and moderate (n = 3) cognitive impairment. Although there were borderline improvements in functional ability and physical performance from baseline to endpoint, mean steps per day increased from 2,206 (SD = 1,780) to 3,888 (SD = 2,895) (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The pilot home-telehealth program is feasible and may address declines in function and activity observed during hospital-to-home transitions, including among those with cognitive impairment. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17(6), 271–279.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breathing techniques are predicted to affect specific physical and psychological states, such as relaxation or activation, that might benefit physical sport performance (PSP). Techniques include slow-paced breathing (SPB), fast-paced breathing (FBP), voluntary hyperventilation (VH), breath-holding (BH), and alternate- and uni-nostril breathing. A systematic literature search of six electronic databases was conducted in April 2022. Participants included were athletes and exercisers. In total, 37 studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, and 36 were included in the five meta-analyses. Random effects meta-analyses for each breathing technique were computed separately for short-term and longer-term interventions. Results showed that SPB and BH were related to improved PSP, with large and small effect sizes for longer-term interventions, respectively. In short-term interventions, SPB, BH, and VH were unrelated to PSP. There was some evidence of publication bias for SPB and BH longer-term interventions, and 41% of the studies were coded as having a high risk of bias. Due to an insufficient number of studies, meta-analyses were not computed for other breathing techniques. Based on the heterogeneity observed in the findings, further research is required to investigate potential moderators and develop standardised breathing technique protocols that might help optimise PSP outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social facilitation is an old research topic in psychology with diverse results: Performance in cognitive or motor tasks is either facilitated, inhibited or not affected, argued to be a function of task complexity. In his narrative review, Strauss, B. (2002. Social facilitation in motor tasks: A review of research and theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3(3), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00019-X) found the presence of others to positively affect condition-based tasks (general drive hypothesis, Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149(3681), 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.149.3681.269), and to negatively affect coordination-based tasks (capacity hypothesis, Manstead, A. S. R., & Semin, G. R. (1980). Social facilitation effects: Mere enhancement of dominant responses? British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1980.tb00937.x). This systematic review and meta-analysis focused exclusively on movement-based tasks, identifies the prevalence and magnitude of social facilitation, moderated by condition- and coordination-demands. Through forward searches (Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, ProQuest Dissertations, OvidSP) and backward searches, we identified N = 82 human studies (7008 participants) over 100 years. In the systematic review, condition-based tasks are generally facilitated, while results of coordination-based tasks performed under time and precision pressure differed (cf. Bond, C. F., & Titus, L. J. (1983). Social facilitation: A meta-analysis of 241 studies. Psychological Bulletin, 94(2), 265–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.265). The meta-analytic moderator analysis of coordination- and condition-based tasks aligned with the systematic review. The experimenter's influential presence was emphasized. We support the capacity hypothesis and draw conclusions for the state of the theory and experimental limitations specific to social facilitation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the effects of exercise on cortical activity has grown significantly, with a predominant focus on the technique of electroencephalography (EEG). Technological advancements in EEG render this technique suitable for studies that explore human movement. There is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning how EEG-recorded cortical oscillatory activity is affected by exercise. Accordingly, the aim of this review was to summarise studies that investigated the effects of exercise on brain activity using EEG. This was a systematic review of 47 studies, predicated on PRISMA guidelines. The results were, on the whole, equivocal in nature, with the exception that activity in the alpha and beta frequency bands increased both during and post-exercise across the frontal, central, and limbic regions. The reported increases could be attributed to a variety of neural processes, such as neuro-connectivity, cortical inhibition, and sensory feedback loops. Future researchers need to give careful consideration to exercise parameters (e.g. mode of exercise, intensity, duration) to facilitate their interpretation of experimental data. The present findings support the notion that exercise alters alpha and beta neural oscillations but more work is needed to provide a fuller picture of the brain processes that manifest during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directing the attentional focus towards intended movement effects could enhance individual performance. This meta-analysis examines the immediate effects of an instructed external (proximal/distal) and internal attentional focus on an experimental group and a control group on their performance. A systematic review was done following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 3833 reports were scanned. Of these, 83 were included in the systematic review, and 61 studies were included into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was additionally split into the original categories, which included the instructions as mentioned in the paper, and the adapted classifications, for which the instructions were reclassified based on the definition by [Wulf, G. (2013). Attentional focus and motor learning: A review of 15 years. International Review of sport and Exercise psychology, 6(1), 77–104. doii:10.1080/1750984X.2012.723728 and McNevin, N. H., Shea, C. H., & Wulf, G. (2003). Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychological Research, 67(1), 22–29. doii:10.1007/s00426-002-0093-6]. In line with the constrained-action hypothesis, an external attentional focus instruction enhanced the immediate performance compared to an internal attentional focus instruction (SMDadapted = 0.24) and the control group (SMDadapted SMD = 0.31). Also, consistent with the constrained-action hypothesis, distal external attentional focus instructions showed performance-enhancing effects compared to proximal external attentional focus instructions (SMDadapted = 0.23). However, most comparisons showed moderate to substantial heterogeneity and wide prediction intervals. Therefore, the results cannot be generalized for all tasks and skill levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Playing guitar involves several physical demands, most inclusive of which are long hours of practice, which can make musculoskeletal symptoms common. OBJETIVE: To determine the epidemiology of neuromuscular injuries in guitar players residing in Portugal and risk factors. METHODS: The sample consisted of 105 guitar players, being 103 (98.10%) men, aged between 30–75 years (29,83±10,23). The measurement instrument used was a digital survey, shared by email, on social networks and in person. RESULTS: Fifty-six (53.30%) guitar players had injuries throughout their musical practice, totaling 132 injuries, 13 (12.40%) guitar players were injured at the time of assessment and 31 (29.5%) guitar players had injuries in the last 12 months, totaling 63 injuries. The value of injury proportion was 0.29 (CI 95% : 0.14–0.44) and the injury rate was 0.42 injuries per 1,000 hours of music practice. The most common types of injury were: tendinopathy (22; 34.92%) and low back pain (9; 14.29%). The most affected anatomical sites were: wrist (18; 28.57%) and lumbar spine (10; 15.87%). Repetitive movement was the injury mechanism most mentioned by guitar players (24; 35.29%) followed by maintaining postures for a prolonged period of time (15; 22.06%). Guitar players who did not warm up before practicing were 0.33 (CI: 0.13–0.79; p = 0.013) more likely to have an injury. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high percentage of injuries in guitar players and failure to warm up was a risk factor for the development of injuries. This type of study can help in creating injury prevention strategies in this type of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Professional driving requires long hours of work, uncomfortable seats, negotiating rough terrain and highways, and possibly minor repairs and other auxiliary transportation duties. Heavy vehicle drivers driving vehicles such as trucks, bulldozers, etc. due to such working structures are more prone to various musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and pain, which is of great concern. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, it is planned to investigate possible ergonomic risk factors such as age, weight, driving exposure, seat suspension systems, lifting heavy weights causing MSDs in drivers of various heavy vehicles. The results of the study are expected to help drivers reduce the risk of MSDs. METHODS: For the present study, the Nordic questionnaire on musculoskeletal disorders was modified and standardized and was administered to the 48 heavy vehicle drivers randomly selected to collect the data. RESULTS: The analysis divulged that over the past 12 months, lower back pain (LBP) emerged as the most dominant pain experienced by 56% of drivers, followed by knee pain (KP) (43%) and neck pain (NP) (39%) respectively. The prevalence of shoulder pain (SP) was observed to be much lower than in previous literature. The logistic regression model further revealed that increasing age, poor suspension system and poor body posture were significantly associated with lower back pain. Additionally, a poor suspension system and lifting heavy weights had significant effect on the drivers' knee pain. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the evident necessity for ergonomic consideration in vehicle designing and ergonomic training for heavy vehicle drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pornography use is a public health problem that has considerable effects on men's health, especially on their sexual performance, having effects that can be encompassed from a biological, social, and psychological approach. Our objective was to conduct a literature review to evaluate the consequences in terms of sexual performance of young men who have chronic consumption of pornography. Chronic pornography consumption was related to erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and alterations in genital anatomy and physiology. Social and psychological effects were also found, such as increased rates of violence towards women, problems with partners, and intimacy. However, benefits of controlled consumption of pornography have also been identified, such as reaffirmation of sexual orientation, stimulation of self‐discovery of the body, and improved communication with partners. Chronic consumption of pornography has direct effects on the sexual performance of young people and should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team that includes physiological, social, and psychological elements. However, its use may be recommended for people with psychological problems, urological problems, and urological cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adherence to the World Health Organization's 24-hour movement behavior (24-HMB) guidelines is associated with various health outcomes. However, its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in young children has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines and BMD in young children. Methods: A total of 120 children aged 3–5 years were recruited from three kindergartens in Changsha, Hunan, China. Physical activity (PA) was objectively measured using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers, and BMD was assessed using the Sunlight Omnisense 7000P ultrasound device. Screen time (ST) and sleep duration (SD) were reported by parents. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between guideline adherence and BMD. Results: Only 5.5% of the participants met all three guidelines for PA, ST, and SD, while 16.5% did not meet any. In the cross-sectional analysis, young children who met both ST and SD guidelines (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.95) had a lower risk of insufficient BMD compared to those who met none. In the one-year cohort follow-up, young children who met the PA guideline at baseline (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.71), as well as those who met both the PA and ST guidelines (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.83) or all three (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.69), had a lower risk of insufficient BMD at one year. Conclusions: Adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines may promote bone health in young children. Future research should prioritize achievable goals, such as limiting ST and ensuring adequate SD, while gradually increasing MVPA to optimize bone development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents results of a collaborative research with indigenous women from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombian. Here, I discuss the possibilities of the intercultural dialogue between authentic movement, dance movement-therapy and rituals and communitarian Wiwa dances. I seek to answer certain questions such as: How does an authentic movement from dance movement therapy dialogue with the ritual dances of Wiwa women in Colombia to restore human and nonhuman sexualities in the postconflict scenario? What functions do the roles of mover and witness discharge? What challenges and possibilities emanate from such a dialogue vis-à-vis the deep healing of our sexualities and the reconceptualization of dance movement-therapy and authentic movement? The results presented here are the mixture of a fieldwork in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta during the last four years and the intercultural authentic movement experience with Wiwa Elders and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Asian narratives are underrepresented in dance movement psychotherapy academia. Systematically supporting more anecdotal literature on utilising the body's innate wisdom in illness prevention and treatment is essential to support equitable accommodation of oral narratives. In this critical reflection, I have integrated my emerging perspectives as a member of the South Asian diaspora, a clinician who has trained and worked within the medical model and an early career researcher. I present two anecdotal themes and brief case examples relevant to contemplating the value of oral narratives within dance movement psychotherapy. They are: (1) embodied storytelling as a way of building emotional intelligence, and (2) intuition as a way of trusting one's bodily cues in individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the Circle of Support, developed by the Romanian Association of Psychotherapy (ARPDM) was to promote the application of dance movement psychotherapy (DMP) in inpatient and outpatient settings. It brought a group of patients together so as to let them experience DMP sessions, designed to contribute to the enrichment of empathy, understanding and self-expression as well as to lessen the stigma surrounding mental illness. The project involved offering 8 DMP sessions in 3 partnering mental health hospitals and a series of 8 DMP sessions in each of our 3 partnering community centres, which offer assistance to their beneficiaries, using a day-care format. The main purpose of the project was intervention and the qualitative assessment was a secondary aim. Results confirm existing evidence, demonstrating the power of DMP to elicit joy, self-awareness and social connection, strengthening the patients' circles of support both inside and outside the psychiatric hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to present the personal, lived experiences of embodiment and describe how transition in AM has enlarged my perception of intersubjectivity. We all transition throughout different stages of life and I have struggled through many forms of transition. Personal therapy and writing poetry aid transitions and have also taught me that this self is a process which interacts with myself, others and the world we inhabit. Transition in AM after moving adds to this process for during this time the possibility of experiencing non-duality opens up, for writing with metaphors and moving are brought together. There is a strong link between moving and metaphor for both emanate from the body and metaphors act as a distinct link between the physical and thinking self for they connect us to ourselves and make us whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) ranks as the third leading cause of death, with a survival rate of less than 10%. Although 70% of these incidents are witnessed by laypeople, only one-third receive Basic Life Support (BLS). Educating school-age children (SAC) in BLS is an effective strategy to increase the rate of bystander BLS and subsequently improve survival. We aimed to determine whether there is the physical capacity to perform chest compressions (CT) with the required technical quality in SAC, determining the optimal age to begin BLS training in schools and if there are gender differences in performing BLS. Aim: Evaluate the capacity to learn and the quality of BLS maneuvers performed by SAC. Methods: During a four-month period BLS training sessions, led by nurses, were conducted in schools in Oeiras, Portugal. These sessions targeted students aged 14 to 18. Each session lasted 100 min. Results: A total of 734 SAC were trained. All students were able to provide CT with the appropriate depth. Male students performed deeper and more successful CT and female students were able to achieve better recoil. Conclusions: SAC aged 14–18 years old were able to learn and perform high-quality BLS. The findings showed no differences in results based on gender. Additionally, short practice sessions of 100 min, led by nurses, appear to be sufficient for the retention and execution of high-quality BLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between muscle strength, working memory, and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Additionally, it seeks to clarify the pathways and effects of working memory in mediating the relationship between muscle strength and ADL. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 245 older adults individuals from nursing homes. We collected data on grip strength, the 30-s sitto-stand test, the N-back task, and ADL. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, χ2 tests, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: Grip strength significantly influenced ADL (effect size  = −0.175, 95% CI: −0.226 to −0.124). Grip strength also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size  = −0.114, 95% CI: −0.161 to −0.067). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between grip strength and ADL (effect size  =  0.054, 95% CI: −0.084 to −0.029). The 30-s sit-to-stand test significantly impacted ADL (effect size  = −0.280, 95% CI: −0.358 to −0.203). It also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size  = −0.095, 95% CI: −0.183 to −0.007). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between the 30-s sit-to-stand test and ADL (effect size  = −0.166, 95% CI: −0.236 to −0.106). Conclusion: There exists a strong correlation between muscle strength, working memory, and ADL. Increased muscle strength leads to better ADL performance and improved working memory tasks. Low cognitive load working memory tasks can mediate the relationship between muscle strength and ADL. Regular physical exercise can enhance muscle strength, slow down the decline of working memory, thereby maintaining or improving ADL in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objective: To examine the cognitive benefits of 6  months of prescribed intermittent exercise (10-min bouts totaling 150 weekly minutes) in community-dwelling older adults, comparing effects of low-intensity movement (LIM) and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (aerobic exercise; AE) training; and exploring biological mechanisms of exercise-related cognitive improvement. Method: Twenty-five adults (>60  years old) participated in a 6-month controlled trial and were randomized into LIM or AE intermittent training. Cognition was assessed using a neuropsychological test battery including the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd Edition (CVLT-II), and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). Neuroimaging measures were collected using a 7  T human MRI scanner. Serologic neurotrophic and inflammatory factors were analyzed using Luminex multiplex assays [brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)]; interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Results: LIM and AE intermittent training had dissociable effects on cognition, with LIM resulting in improved learning and memory and AE resulting in improved executive functioning. Intervention groups differed on change in cognitive performance on CVLT-II learning and D-KEFS trail making test. Increase in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) surface area was linked to executive improvement (i.e., phonemic fluency) regardless of intervention group. A decline in circulating PAI-1 was linked to learning and memory improvement in response to LIM over 6 months. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity AE and LIM intermittent training likely have distinct cognitive benefits, though low-intensity activity is often included as a control group in exercise trials in aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessing pain in critically ill patients who cannot communicate verbally poses significant challenges. Traditional self-report measures are ineffective for these patients, making the need for reliable observational tools crucial. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, reliability, and clinical applicability of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) in various intensive care unit (ICU) settings and to explore potential innovations for improving its use and integration into clinical practice. Methods: A narrative review evaluated the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) for non-communicative ICU patients, comparing it to the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and the FLACC scale. The review assessed CPOT's effectiveness across different ICU settings, identified limitations and challenges, and explored potential enhancements such as electronic scoring, additional physiological indicators, and improved training protocols. Results: The CPOT has been validated as an effective pain assessment tool for non-verbal ICU patients. It evaluates pain through facial expressions, body movements, muscle tension, and ventilator compliance. The CPOT shows superior sensitivity at 76.5% compared to 62.7% for the BPS and offers a more comprehensive assessment of pain indicators like muscle tension and ventilator compliance than the FLACC scale. Despite its strengths, the CPOT has limitations, including inter-rater variability and challenges in certain patient populations. Barriers to implementation include resource constraints and the need for extensive training. Conclusion: The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) is a highly effective instrument for assessing pain in non-verbal ICU patients, demonstrating superior accuracy and reliability compared to other tools like the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and FLACC scale. Its detailed approach, covering facial expressions, body movements, muscle tension, and ventilator compliance, offers a detailed measure of pain. However, challenges such as inter-rater variability and limitations in specific patient populations highlight the need for ongoing refinement and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate assessment of body composition is essential for evaluating the risk of chronic disease. 3D body shape, obtainable using smartphones, correlates strongly with body composition. We present a novel method that fits a 3D body mesh to a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) silhouette (emulating a single photograph) paired with anthropometric traits, and apply it to the multi-phase Fenland study comprising 12,435 adults. Using baseline data, we derive models predicting total and regional body composition metrics from these meshes. In Fenland follow-up data, all metrics were predicted with high correlations (r > 0.86). We also evaluate a smartphone app which reconstructs a 3D mesh from phone images to predict body composition metrics; this analysis also showed strong correlations (r > 0.84) for all metrics. The 3D body shape approach is a valid alternative to medical imaging that could offer accessible health parameters for monitoring the efficacy of lifestyle intervention programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive care units (ICUs) are one of the high-risk working areas in terms of musculoskeletal disability and ergonomic risks including the environment and posture factors. Correct posture technique is often ignored by nurses working in these units. This study was conducted to determine the effect of posture regulation training on work-related musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue level and job performance in nurses working in ICUs. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with one-group pretest-posttest design included 64 intensive care nurses. The nurses received posture regulation training in three different sessions. The post-test was administered four months after the posture regulation training. Results: The nurses reported to frequently have aches, pains and discomfort in the neck, upper back and lumbar regions. After the posture regulation training, their level of pain, ache and discomfort in the neck, right and left shoulder, upper back, lower back and right/left foot areas decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The posture regulation training reduced the levels of behavior/severity and affect, which are sub-dimensions of fatigue, and increased the level of contribution to work, which is a sub-dimension of job performance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The posture regulation training decreased the level of symptoms in the neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back and foot regions of intensive care nurses and partially improved their fatigue level and job performance. Therefore, posture regulation training should be added to in-service training programs and permanent measures should be taken for ergonomic risks in ICUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore patient experiences of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain, and their views on the role and value of diagnostic shoulder imaging. Materials and methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients with shoulder pain exploring the impact and management of their shoulder condition, reasons for and experiences of diagnostic imaging, and feelings about and responses to diagnostic imaging findings. Framework analysis was used to analyse the dataset. Results: Five themes were identified [1]: Lived experience and beliefs about pain and movement [2]; Contextualisation of imaging findings by health professionals is more important than the imaging report [3]; Factors influencing whether and when to have imaging [4]; Imaging can identify the actual problem and guide treatment; and [5] Treatment responses and treatment decision making. Conclusion: Patients commonly believe imaging is needed to formulate a diagnosis. There was minimal concern about potential indirect harms that could arise (e.g., inappropriate diagnosis leading to unnecessary treatments). The context of the diagnostic imaging reports (i.e., what needed to be done) was perceived as more important than the exact meaning of the imaging findings. Patients felt that the diagnostic imaging confirmed their existing biomedical beliefs, and these beliefs were not challenged by their healthcare professionals. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Patients with shoulder pain may believe imaging is necessary for diagnosis and defining treatment yet do not consider potential indirect harms (e.g., unnecessary treatment for findings that are not relevant). Health professionals should ensure patients are aware of imaging limitations and harms and facilitate shared decision-making about whether to have imaging. Health professionals also have an important role in the appropriate contextualisation of imaging findings (i.e., they do not necessarily relate to pain nor guide treatment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a recommended intervention for arm recovery after acquired brain injury but is underutilised in practice. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of a behaviour change intervention targeted at therapists, to increase delivery of CIMT. Methods: A theoretically-informed approach for designing behaviour change interventions was used including identification of which behaviours needed to change (Step 1), barriers and enablers that needed to be addressed (Step 2), and intervention components to target those barriers and enablers (Step 3). Data collection methods included file audits and therapist interviews. Quantitative data (file audits) were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data analysis (interviews) was informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Behaviour Change Wheel. Results: Fifty two occupational therapists, physiotherapists and allied health assistants participated in focus groups (n = 7) or individual interviews (n = 6). Key barriers (n = 20) and enablers (n = 10) were identified across 11 domains of the TDF and perceived to influence CIMT implementation. The subsequent behaviour change intervention included training workshops, nominated team champions, community of practice meetings, three-monthly file audit feedback cycles, poster reminders and drop-in support during CIMT. Conclusion: This study describes the development of a behaviour change intervention to increase CIMT delivery by clinicians. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Trial ID: ACTRN12617001147370. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a highly effective intervention for arm recovery after acquired brain injury, recommended in multiple clinical practice guidelines, yet delivery of CIMT is often not part of routine practice. The Behaviour Change Wheel, COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation- behaviour) system and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) helped identify barriers and enablers to CIMT delivery by therapists, and design a theoretically-informed behaviour change intervention. The effect of the behaviour change intervention on therapists practice can now be evaluated to determine if it increases the delivery of CIMT more routinely in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To effectively evaluate the gross motor ability of autistic children, we proposed a method of computerised evaluation of gross motor skills (CEGM). The CEGM integrates Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method and OpenPose technology to automatically detect key joints and return a score. Ten items were selected for evaluation based on the gross motor subtest of the Psychoeducational Profile – Third Edition (PEP-3) scale, including upper limb movement, lower limb movement, and body coordination performance. 30 autistic participants (males: 23, female: 7) with an average age of 5.00 years were recruited in this study. Then we compared the results of evaluation using CEGM and the original PEP-3 gross motor subtest in autistic children. The results showed that in the evaluations using CEGM and PEP-3, Cronbach's α coefficients and Spearman-rank correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.80, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were all greater than 0.90, indicating good agreement in evaluating the gross motor ability of autistic children. Moreover, compared to the PEP-3, the evaluation using CEGM provided precise quantitative indicators (trajectory, velocity, and angle of joint). Therefore, our findings demonstrate that CEGM can be used in the initial evaluation of the gross motor ability of autistic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are some studies that have linked fitness parameters and sports injuries, the literature remains controversial. The aim of the study was to prospectively analyze the influence of initial physical condition parameters on the development of injury in the first three months of the sports season in futsal players. A total of 68 players (24.26±4.63 years old) were assessed before the start of the sports season in relation to certain physical condition parameters, such as body composition (bioimpedance), lower limb power (countermovement jump, CMJ) and muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer). The injured players showed significantly worse initial performance in the CMJ compared to the uninjured players (p< 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups in body composition and muscle strength. Lower power values were associated with a higher risk of injury in the first few months of the sports season (OR=0.92; 95% CI=0.88–0.99). Muscle power was an independent predictor of injury in the first few months of the sports season in futsal players, indicating that improving players' physical condition could help reduce the number of injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction of one-repetition maximum (1RM) is highly relevant for strength and conditioning. The optimal minimum-velocity threshold (MVT) was recently proposed to increase the accuracy of 1RM predictions. Individual load-velocity profiles (LVP) were obtained in 18 athletes enrolled in recreational soccer. Reliability analyses were computed for all LVP-derived variables. Estimations of 1RM were made based on general (0.3 m.s− 1), pre-individual (mean velocity at 1RM obtained in a preliminary session) and optimal MVT (velocity that eliminates the difference between actual and predicted 1RM, determined in a preliminary session). The accuracy of 1RM predictions was examined using absolute-percent error and Bland-Altman plots. Between-day reliability of the LVP and 1RM was good (intraclass-correlation coefficients – ICCs>0.9 and coefficients of variation – CVs<5%). The individual and optimal MVT reached moderate-to-good reliability (ICCs>0.9 and CVs<10%, respectively). The predictions based on the optimal MVT displayed greater accuracy than those obtained with the individual and general MVT (absolute percent error: 2.8 vs. 5.5 vs. 4.9%, respectively). However, wide limits of agreement (LoA) were found between actual and estimated 1RM using this approach (~15 kg). Data indicate that the optimal MVT provides better estimations of 1RM for the free-weight back squat than the general and the individual MVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the kinematic (KmS) and kinetic (KnS) strategies integrating the trunk and lower limbs to achieve maximal kicking performance. Although strategies consisting of individual joint movements or moments are known, strategies combining joint movements or moments of the trunk and lower limbs have been less studied. Fifty adult amateur soccer players were assessed. Peak joint angles and moments of the trunk, the hip of the supporting limb, the hip and knee of the kicking limb, and the velocities of the foot and ball were recorded. Canonical Correlation Analysis evaluated relationships between sets of variables. A combination of greater hip extension and knee flexion of the kicking limb, as a KmS, correlated with better kick performance (Rc = 0.60, p = 0.004). Furthermore, a combination of larger moments of trunk flexion and rotation, internal rotation of the supporting hip, hip flexion, and knee extension of the kicking limb, as a KnS, were associated with better performance (Rc = 0.74, p < 0.001). The explained variance was 43% for the KmS and 59% for the KnS. In amateur players, the KmS for better kick performance involved greater hip and knee movement of the kicking limb, while the KnS involved greater moments at the trunk and both lower limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]