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Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Cladorhizidae), contrary to the usual filter-feeding mechanism of sponges, are specialized in catching larger prey through adhesive surfaces or hook-like spicules. The mitochondrial DNA of sponges overall present several divergences from other metazoans, and while presenting unique features among major transitions, such as in calcarean and glass sponges, poriferan mitogenomes are relatively stable within their groups. Here, we report and discuss the mitogenome of Lycopodina hypogea (Vacelet & Boury-Esnault, 1996), which greatly vary from its subordinal counterparts in both structure and gene order. This mitogenome is seemingly multipartite into three chromosomes, two of them as microDNAs. The main chromosome, chrM1, is unusually large, 31,099 bp in length, has a unique gene order within Poecilosclerida, and presents two rRNA, 13 protein and 19 tRNA coding genes. Intergenic regions comprise approximately 40% of chrM1, bearing several terminal direct and inverted repeats (TDRr and TIRs) but holding no vestiges of former mitochondrial sequences, pseudogenes, or transposable elements. The nd4l and trnI(gau) genes are likely located in microDNAs thus comprising putative mitochondrial chromosomes chrM2, 291 bp, and chrM3, 140 bp, respectively. It is unclear which processes are responsible for the remarkable features of the of L. hypogea mitogenome, including a generalized gene rearrangement, long IGRs, and putative extrachromosomal genes in microDNAs.

BackgroundAlthough long-acting, injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven efficacious for HIV prevention in clinical trials, research is needed to guide effective implementation in real-world settings. Formative work with community members and health care providers (HCPs) is important to provide insight into the needs and contexts of specific populations and reveal potential barriers and facilitators for implementation projects. ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the results from formative work to develop an implementation package for CAB-LA PrEP within the ImPrEP CAB Brasil study. MethodsImPrEP CAB Brasil is an implementation study of same-day delivery of CAB-LA PrEP for young sexual and gender minority (SGM) groups (aged 18-30 years) in 6 existing oral PrEP public health clinics. We conducted formative research to prepare for the implementation of ImPrEP CAB Brasil through community mobilization, process mapping with HCPs with experience in CAB-LA, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with young SGM groups (n=92) and HCPs (n=20) to identify initial perceptions of facilitators and barriers for CAB-LA PrEP implementation, refine the mobile health (mHealth) educational tool, and evaluate the acceptability of using a text message appointment reminder intervention through WhatsApp. FGDs were recorded, transcribed, systematically coded, and analyzed with thematic categorization by trained researchers using a qualitative data analysis program ATLAS.ti (version 7). ResultsA community mobilization team comprising 34 SGM community leaders collaborated in creating a prototype for an mHealth educational tool and contributed to the planning of peer education activities. We created 3 process maps for each site to describe the initial visit, follow-up visits, and laboratory flow. The main challenge identified for same-day CAB-LA PrEP delivery was the extended duration of clinic visits due to the numerous laboratory tests and HIV counseling steps required. Proposed solutions included having point-of-care HIV rapid tests instead of laboratory tests and additional counseling staff. Barriers for CAB-LA PrEP implementation identified through FGDs were the training of HCPs, support for adherence to injection appointments, and stigma or discrimination against SGM groups and persons using PrEP. The mHealth educational tool and WhatsApp reminders were highly acceptable by SGM groups and HCPs, indicating their potential to support PrEP choice and adherence. Content analysis on the cultural appropriateness of the language and overall clarity of the material contributed to the refinement of the mHealth tool. ConclusionsStructured formative work with SGM persons and HCPs generated important refinements to context-specific materials and plans to launch ImPrEP CAB Brasil in public health clinics. Ongoing implementation monitoring will use the process maps to identify additional barriers and potential solutions to same-day delivery of CAB-LA PrEP. Summative evaluations are needed to measure the effectiveness of the mHealth educational tool to support PrEP choice and the use of WhatsApp appointment reminders.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p

Na sociedade da informação, a imagem do professor tornou-se um fator de significância relevante. Este estudo descritivo, visa identificar como a imagem do professor pode contribuir para a formação e a informação na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). Para isso, conduzimos uma revisão da literatura que aborda a evolução da construção da imagem ao longo do tempo. Nesta revisão, investigamos a complexidade da imagem pessoal, enfatizando sua significância na (EPT), e evidenciamos a importância das teorias como instrumentos essenciais para a compreensão e análise das estruturas semânticas conceituais relacionadas à imagem. Consideramos ainda o papel ativo desempenhado pelo professor na construção de sua própria imagem dentro dos contextos histórico e social. O referencial teórico aborda autores renomados, como Shepel e Padilha, os quais afirmam que a imagem profissional do professor é constituída por signos simbólicos que caracterizam o indivíduo e são moldados pela interação interpessoal no contexto educacional, refletindo a percepção do público em relação à imagem profissional de um professor.

A parametric investigation of several unbraced steel frames with regular and irregular geometry subjected to elevated temperatures is carried out in this study to determine the most accurate procedure and buckling lengths to be considered during the structural design under a fire situation. In such conditions, the stiffness and strength of steel decrease considerably due to high temperatures, and uncertainty remains in the application of the fire design rules of Eurocode 3 Part 1-2 (EN 1993-1-2) for unbraced frames as no information is given regarding the treatment of the deformed geometry (the so-called second-order effects). More precisely, it is unclear in the norm whether the verification based on the buckling length concept could be used or if a second-order analysis to calculate the internal forces is sufficient to ensure the stability of the frame in case of fire. Based on the linear buckling analysis of the steel frames accounting for the temperature development during a fire, recommendations for the appropriate buckling lengths to be used are given. Finally, it is demonstrated that using the recommended buckling lengths together with the design rules of EN 1993-1-2 leads to results in favor of safety when compared to the results obtained with the finite element method. On the other hand, it is concluded that using second-order internal forces and the real length of the columns as the buckling length, as suggested for room temperature design, yielded results outside safety when compared with the finite element method, and this analysis and verification procedure should not be used for the case of fire.

The globalized production chains of fish products have been posing increasing difficulties in carrying out proper food control on any level. In case of species identification, morphological examinations that are usually efficient to identify entire fishes, fresh or frozen, fail when applied to fish derivative products, such as fillets or canned meat. In this study we evaluated the global distribution of tilapia COI haplotypes and haplogroups, contrasting diversity in native range and areas where Oreochromis spp. are regarded as introduced. Introduced areas showed a lower diversity of haplotypes comparatively to native areas, evidencing that cultures in different parts of the world originated from a few strains in Africa. Afterwards, evaluating COI diversity from tilapia fillets of the Brazilian market, we concluded that diversity in Brazilian cultures is similar to other countries where they were introduced, but it was highly heterogeneous among brands. Since part of the global movement on tilapia culture relies on crossbreeding of tilapia lineages, the difficulty in defining specific strains of tilapia through DNA barcodes is thought to increase. Our haplotyping system presents a practical form of molecular identification for tilapia products that may be useful in future taxonomic reviews. However, the estimated genetic diversity of Oreochromis through the COI marker does not necessarily reflect the diversity of species in the group, but rather the evolutionary history of this marker. Nevertheless, given the costs and feasibility of analyzing multiple markers, such as microsatellites, the current haplotyping standard is an improvement over the previous system.

Abstract Seed dispersal is one of the most important ecosystem functions globally. It shapes plant populations, enhances forest succession, and has multiple, indirect benefits for humans, yet it is one of the most threatened processes in plant regeneration, worldwide. Seed dispersal distances are determined by the diets, seed retention times and movements of frugivorous animals. Hence, understanding how we can most effectively describe frugivore movement and behaviour with rapidly developing animal tracking technology is key to quantifying seed dispersal. To assess the current use of animal tracking in frugivory studies and to provide a baseline for future studies, we provide a comprehensive review and synthesis on the existing primary literature of global tracking studies that monitor movement of frugivorous animals. Specifically, we identify studies that estimate dispersal distances and how they vary with body mass and environmental traits. We show that over the last two decades there has been a large increase in frugivore tracking studies that determine seed dispersal distances. However, some taxa (e.g. reptiles) and geographic locations (e.g. Africa and Central Asia) are poorly studied. Furthermore, we found that certain morphological and environmental traits can be used to predict seed dispersal distances. We demonstrate that flight ability and increased body mass both significantly increase estimated seed dispersal mean and maximum distances. Our results also suggest that protected areas have a positive effect on mean seed dispersal distances when compared to unprotected areas. We anticipate that this review will act as a reference for future frugivore tracking studies, specifically to target current taxonomic and geographic data gaps, and to further explore how seed dispersal relates to key frugivore and fruit traits.

Abstract Crocodilians are a taxonomic group of large predators with important ecological and evolutionary benefits for ecosystem functioning in the face of global change. Anthropogenic actions affect negatively crocodilians’ survival and more than half of the species are threatened with extinction worldwide. Here, we map and explore three dimensions of crocodilian diversity on a global scale. To highlight the ecological importance of crocodilians, we correlate the spatial distribution of species with the ecosystem services of nutrient retention in the world. We calculate the effectiveness of global protected networks in safeguarding crocodilian species and provide three prioritization models for conservation planning. Our results show the main hotspots of ecological and evolutionary values are in southern North, Central and South America, west-central Africa, northeastern India, and southeastern Asia. African species have the highest correlation to nutrient retention patterns. Twenty-five percent of the world’s crocodilian species are not significantly represented in the existing protected area networks. The most alarming cases are reported in northeastern India, eastern China, and west-central Africa, which include threatened species with low or non-significant representation in the protected area networks. Our highest conservation prioritization model targets southern North America, east-central Central America, northern South America, west-central Africa, northeastern India, eastern China, southern Laos, Cambodia, and some points in southeastern Asia. Our research provides a global prioritization scheme to protect multiple dimensions of crocodilian diversity for achieving effective conservation outcomes.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os sintomas osteomusculares e os riscos ergonômicos nos ambientes de teletrabalho dos técnicos administrativos do Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC). Participaram 142 técnicos administrativos, que responderam um questionário online sobre informações sociodemográficas, realização de tarefas, ambiente de trabalho e dor musculoesquelética. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma regressão logística binária separadamente para cada desfecho, utilizando como variáveis dependentes as dores no pescoço, no ombro direito e na coluna lombar. A prevalência de dor entre os técnicos administrativos foi de 92,7% e as regiões mais afetadas foram o pescoço, a coluna lombar e o ombro direito. Os principais riscos ergonômicos foram: sobrecarga mental (estresse), mesa, monitor e cadeira de trabalho inadequados, ausência de orientação acerca dos riscos ergonômicos e das adaptações no ambiente de trabalho. Foi observada associação entre dor no pescoço e os técnicos administrativos que apresentaram maior sobrecarga mental (estresse), não fazem atividade física, não trabalhavam com mesa ao nível do cotovelo, não tinham espaço para apoiar os antebraços e utilizavam o touchpad; e entre dor no ombro direito e os técnicos administrativos que não tinham espaço para apoiar os antebraços e utilizavam o touchpad. Ainda, a dor na coluna lombar foi associada às mulheres que não possuíam apoio para os pés, mesa ao nível do cotovelo e cadeira com apoio lombar e estofamento, assim como àquelas que apresentaram maior sobrecarga mental (estresse). Conclui-se que é importante a instituição fornecer equipamentos e mobiliários adequados e oferecer treinamentos sobre os riscos ergonômicos presentes no trabalho.

Abstract Objective The use of a fiber glass post (FGP) type and choice of FGP diameter to restore endodontically treated incisors without ferrule is controversial. This study evaluated survival rate and failure mode of severely compromised central incisors without ferrule rehabilitated using resin-based composite (RBC) with or without FGP with different diameters. Methodology A total of 60 decoronated bovine incisors without a ferrule were endodontically treated and prepared for 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 mm diameter FGPs (Whitepost System DC 0.5, Fit 0.4, and DCE 0.5; FGM). Half of the teeth received FGPs cemented using dual-cure resin cement (Allcem Core; FGM), the other half were filled using only bulk-fill RBC (OPUS Bulk Fill; FGM). The crowns were directly restored with RBC. The roots were embedded in polystyrene resin and the periodontal ligament was simulated with polyether impression material. Fatigue testing was conducted under 5 Hz cyclic loading at 30 degrees to the incisal edge, beginning at 50 N (5,000 cycles) as a warmup. After, the load was increased 100 N every 15,000 cycles until fracture occurred. All specimens were subjected to transillumination, micro-CT analysis, and digital radiography before and after fatigue testing. Fracture mode was classified according to severity and repair potential. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival test and post hoc log-rank test (α=0.05) for pairwise comparisons. Results Using FGP significantly increased the number of cycles to failure, irrespective of FGP diameters (p=0.001). The FGP diameters had no statistically significant effect on cycles to failure or failure mode. Conclusion Using FGP without ferrule improved survival rate of structurally severely compromised central incisors compared with rehabilitation without FGP. The diameter of the FGPs had no effect on the survival rate and failure mode.

Introdução/Objetivo: A América Latina tem observado um aumento alarmante nas novas infecções pelo HIV entre jovens gays e outros homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). No Brasil, houve um aumento expressivo no número de casos de HIV entre pessoas do sexo masculino até 30 anos, mas dados específicos sobre jovens HSH ainda são escassos. Neste trabalho, objetivamos estimar a prevalência de infecções por HIV e outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) em jovens HSH do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Conectad@s é um estudo com amostragem por respondent-driven sampling (RDS), que recrutou jovens HSH de 18-24 anos entre novembro/2021 e outubro/2022. Os participantes realizaram testagem para HIV, sífilis, clamídia e gonorreia (urina, retal e orofaringe), e responderam questionários estruturados sobre aspectos comportamentais e de saúde. Foram avaliados os fatores associados a novas infecções pelo HIV utilizando teste qui-quadrado e de Fisher. Resultados: Foram recrutados 409 jovens HSH, dos quais 370 (90,5%) eram homens cis, 9 (2,2%) homens trans e 30 (7,3%) pessoas não-binárias/queer, com idade média de 21 anos (intervalo interquartil: 20-23). Ao todo, 70,3% (n = 291) se autodeclararam Pretos, Pardos ou Indígenas, e 60,4% (n = 247) tinham ensino médio completo. A prevalência de HIV foi 9,8% (n = 40/409). Dentre os indivíduos vivendo com HIV, 50,0% (n = 20) eram novos diagnósticos. No geral, 54 (13,2%) e 47 (11,5%) indivíduos, respectivamente, testaram positivo para clamídia e gonorreia em pelo menos um dos três locais de coleta. Comparados aos participantes HIV-negativos, os recém-diagnosticados com HIV mais frequentemente reportaram raça/cor Preta/Parda/Indígena (90,0% vs. 69,6%), ter estudado até o ensino médio (80,0% vs. 59,3%), maior número de parcerias sexuais (mediana 9[IQR:5.8-20] vs. 5[IQR:3-10], p-valor < 0.01), maior risco para HIV (60,0% vs. 24,9%, p-valor < 0.001), menor conhecimento sobre o HIV (escala 0-12 pontos; mediana 9,5[IQR:8-11] vs. 11[IQR:9-11], p-valor < 0.05), e maior prevalência de sífilis ativa (50,0% vs. 10,8%, p-valor < 0.001), clamídia (25,0% vs. 14,6%), e gonorreia (45,0% vs. 13,6%), esses últimos em pelo menos um dos locais de coleta. Conclusão: Jovens HSH apresentaram alta vulnerabilidade e taxas desproporcionais de novos diagnósticos de HIV e outras ISTs, apontando para oportunidades de prevenção perdidas. Há uma necessidade urgente de adaptar intervenções específicas e eficazes para alcançar e promover a prevenção ao HIV entre jovens HSH.

Introdução: O diagnóstico de IVA pelo HIV exige alta suspeição, devido ao período de soroconversão, sendo necessários exames de 4ª geração ou carga viral em indivíduos com quadro clínico sugestivo ou exposição sexual recente, sobretudo no contexto de início de PrEP ou PEP. O início precoce da terapia antirretroviral (TAR) em pessoas com IVA pode reduzir reservatórios virais, sendo de potencial interesse em pesquisas de cura funcional. Nosso trabalho objetiva descrever o perfil de indivíduos com IVA acompanhados no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva, incluiu sequencialmente pessoas ≥ 18 anos diagnosticadas com IVA pelo HIV de 2013-2023 acompanhadas em centro no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, comportamentais e laboratoriais. Realizamos uma análise descritiva das características no atendimento inicial. Participantes foram submetidos a TCLE e o projeto foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local. Resultados: Dos 103 participantes, 91% eram homens cis (96% HSH, n = 89/93), 7% travestis/mulheres trans (TMT), 1% não binárie e 1% mulher cis, majoritariamente com idade < 30 anos (65%), autodeclarados pretos/pardos (59%) e de escolaridade pós-secundária (58%). Enquanto 58% apresentaram síndrome retroviral aguda, o diagnóstico de IVA ocorreu no acompanhamento de PrEP/PEP em 34%. A mediana de log de carga viral HIV pré-tratamento foi 4.7, com CD4 de 577 cél/mm3, sendo 74% com CD4/CD8

Introdução: A incorporação da PrEP como política de saúde pública ampliou a testagem de IST no Brasil. O país é um dos mais afetados pela sífilis a nível global, no entanto carece de dados populacionais sobre clamídia (CT) e gonorreia (NG). O ImPrEP foi um estudo que avaliou a implementação da PrEP no Brasil, México e Peru. No Brasil, incluiu 3.928 HSH e TMT. O objetivo desse trabalho é explorar dados relacionados às vulnerabilidades para IST no Brasil entre participantes acompanhados no ImPrEP. Métodos: De 2018 a 2020, incluímos HSH e TMT ≥ 18 anos, com seguimento até 2021. Exames para IST bacterianas foram coletados na inclusão e trimestralmente (sífilis) ou anualmente (CT/NG). Consideramos todos os participantes do ImPrEP no Brasil com realização de pelo menos um exame para qualquer IST bacteriana (sífilis, CT/NG) durante o estudo. Realizamos análise descritiva das frequências de IST por unidade federativa (UF) e das características sociodemográficas e comportamentais dos participantes. Resultados: Incluímos 3.478 participantes de 8 UF de todas as regiões do país, com maior concentração no Rio de Janeiro (RJ) (30%) e São Paulo (SP) (27%). Desses, 25% tinham 18-24 anos, 51% eram não brancos, 80% com escolaridade pós-secundária, 96% HSH e 4% TMT. Na inclusão, a prevalência de sífilis foi maior no Distrito Federal (DF) (17%) e no Amazonas (AM) (15.6%), enquanto CT/NG não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre UF. Maior incidência de sífilis foi identificada em Santa Catarina (SC) (15.8/100 pessoas-ano), DF (14.8/100 pessoas-ano) e Bahia (BA) (13.5/100 pessoas-ano). Após iniciar PrEP, 35% dos participantes foram diagnosticados com alguma IST bacteriana, sem associação com a UF de origem. Em SC, participantes reportaram mais frequentemente múltiplas parcerias sexuais (53%), no entanto menos relações anais receptivas sem uso de preservativo (39%). O uso excessivo de álcool foi mais frequente em AM (82%) e BA (80%), enquanto o uso de drogas estimulantes ocorreu mais no DF (35%), SP (24%) e RJ (18%). Conclusão: Nossos achados contribuem para caracterização da prevalência de IST entre usuários de PrEP de diferentes estados brasileiros, trazendo dados inéditos sobre infecção por CT/NG nessa população. Considerando a diversidade territorial e cultural do Brasil, vulnerabilidades distintas podem estar envolvidas na dinâmica de transmissão de IST, e a implementação de políticas públicas de prevenção para o HIV e IST deve ser adaptada às realidades locais.

Introdução/objetivo: O Brasil foi o segundo país mais afetado pelo surto de mpox em 2022, com maior frequência de casos entre homens cisgêneros que fazem sexo com homens. Neste surto, observou-se predomínio de lesões mucocutâneas-anogenitais e baixa letalidade (0,15%). Cerca de 38-50% dos casos ocorreram em pessoas vivendo com HIV(PVHA). A imunossupressão pelo HIV pode impactar na gravidade e na duração do quadro de mpox, o que determina a duração do isolamento. Esse estudo objetiva identificar fatores associados ao tempo até resolução das lesões entre pessoas diagnosticadas com mpox no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva de casos confirmados de mpox acompanhados em centro de referência no Rio de Janeiro (jun-2022 a fev-2023). Os perfis sociodemográfico e clínico foram descritos de acordo com o status sorológico para o HIV e o grau de imunossupressão. As variáveis associadas à resolução das lesões foram identificadas por meio de modelos quartis univariados (T = 75%). Resultados: Foram acompanhados 236 casos de mpox até resolução das lesões, entre os quais 49,6% eram PVHA. PVHA reportaram menos relações sexuais 30 dias anteriores(87.3% vs 93.2%), apresentaram mais frequentemente úlceras anais (49.6% vs 23.7%) e genitais (83.8% vs 73.1%), proctite (31.6% vs 17.6%) e coinfecção com outras ISTs (42.7% vs 23.4%). A mediana de tempo até resolução das lesões foi de 24 dias, sem diferença de acordo com status para HIV (p = 0.28). PVHA com imunossupressão severa (CD4+ < 200 céls/mm3) apresentaram maior tempo para resolução das lesões quando comparadas a PVHA com CD4>200céls/mm3 e pessoas negativas para HIV, diferindo em até 79 dias (p < 0,001). Independentemente do status de HIV, infecção bacteriana secundária e acometimento de tecidos profundos estiveram associados a maior tempo de resolução das lesões de mpox, acrescentando 20 dias (p = 0.05) e 76 dias (p < 0.001), respectivamente. Conclusão: Nossos achados indicam a imunossupressão avançada pelo HIV como fator associado a cursos clínicos da mpox mais longos, podendo estender o período de transmissibilidade viral, refletindo no tempo de isolamento. Isso pode agravar questões biopsicossociais, impactando na qualidade de vida do paciente e nas medidas de saúde pública. PVHA e com imunossupressão mais severa apresentam maior vulnerabilidade na evolução da mpox, devendo ser priorizados nas estratégias profiláticas e terapêuticas.

Este estudo tem o propósito de discutir sobre o papel da escola no processo de educação da sociedade a partir do século XX e a maneira como o conhecimento é organizado e trabalhado nessas escolas. Para tanto, orientou-se na técnica bibliográfica, a partir de objetivos exploratórios. O conhecimento fragmentado e a especialização das ciências modernas proporcionaram ao longo do tempo melhorias na qualidade de vida das populações, contudo também trouxeram alguns inconvenientes, distanciando o homem da realidade e produzindo nele uma consciência esmigalhada, fenômeno denominado por Japiassu (1976) como a “Patologia do Saber”. Isso poderia ser combatido pelas escolas, porém o que pudemos observar é que ainda há a estruturação de um ensino fragmentado com disciplinas escolares bem definidas e delimitadas, trabalhadas de maneira isolada e sem articulação entre os saberes.

BackgroundThe 2022 multicountry mpox outbreak positioned the condition as a public health emergency of international concern. By May 2023, Brazil ranked second globally in the cumulative number of mpox cases and deaths. The higher incidence of mpox among gay and other men who have sex with men in the current mpox outbreak deepens the stigma and discrimination against sexual and gender minorities (SGM). This might worsen the structural barriers impacting access to health services, which ultimately leads to undertesting and underreporting of cases. There are no data available on mpox knowledge and stigma in Latin America. ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate mpox knowledge, stigma, and willingness to vaccinate for mpox among SGM, and to describe sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics according to self-reported mpox diagnosis. MethodsA cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted in a convenience sample of adults (aged >18 years) living in Brazil recruited through advertisements on dating apps, social media, referral institutions for infectious diseases websites, and mass media (October-November 2022). We compared participants’ characteristics according to self-reported mpox diagnosis using chi-square test or Fisher exact test for qualitative variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative variables. ResultsWe enrolled 6236 participants: 5685 (91.2%) were cisgender men; 6032 (96.7%) were gay, bisexual, or pansexual; 3877 (62.2%) were White; 4902 (78.7%) had tertiary education; and 4070 (65.2%) reported low or middle income. Most participants (n=5258, 84.4%) agreed or strongly agreed that “LGBTQIA+ individuals are being discriminated and stigmatized due to mpox.” Mpox awareness was 96.9% (n=6044), and 5008 (95.1%) were willing to get vaccinated for mpox. Overall, 324 (5.2%) reported an mpox diagnosis. Among these, 318 (98.1%) reported lesions, 178 (56%) local pain, and 316 (99.4%) sought health care. Among participants not reporting a diagnosis, 288 (4.9%) had a suspicious lesion, but only 158 (54.9%) of these had sought health care. Compared to participants with no diagnosis, those reporting an mpox diagnosis were younger (P

As escolas públicas brasileiras estão passando por um período de transformações devido à baixa qualidade do ensino. De acordo com o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB), desde 2011 não há um crescimento educacional no país, refletindo consequentemente no Ensino de Ciências, no qual o Brasil se encontra nas últimas posições de acordo com os dados obtidos pelo Programa Internacional de Avaliação dos Estudantes (PISA), ficando atrás de países vizinhos como a Argentina, Chile, Uruguai e Colômbia. Diante dessa realidade, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de propor uma sequência de ensino investigativa pautada nos os pressupostos do Ensino de Ciências por Investigação (ENCI), bem como a contribuição de Vygotsky, relacionando a experimentação de baixo custo para abordar um conteúdo de Física Moderna e Contemporânea. Essa sequência didática será proposta como contexto da educação básica para alunos da 3º Série do Ensino Médio, abordando a Espectroscopia. A proposta busca utilizar a experimentação numa perspectiva investigativa a fim de possibilitar uma aula mais interativa para os alunos, permitindo desenvolver habilidades relacionadas a Alfabetização Científica. Desta forma espera-se que a partir dos pressupostos do ENCI encontrados na sequência didática, ofereça uma participação mais ativa promovendo a Alfabetização Científica dos alunos no Ensino de Física no âmbito escolar.

BackgroundLong-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven efficacious in randomized controlled trials. Further research is critical to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world settings and identify effective implementation approaches, especially among young sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). ObjectiveImPrEP CAB Brasil is an implementation study aiming to generate critical evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of incorporating CAB-LA into the existing public health oral PrEP services in 6 Brazilian cities. It will also evaluate a mobile health (mHealth) education and decision support tool, digital injection appointment reminders, and the facilitators of and barriers to integrating CAB-LA into the existing services. MethodsThis type-2 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study includes formative work, qualitative assessments, and clinical steps 1 to 4. For formative work, we will use participatory design methods to develop an initial CAB-LA implementation package and process mapping at each site to facilitate optimal client flow. SGMs aged 18 to 30 years arriving at a study clinic interested in PrEP (naive) will be invited for step 1. Individuals who tested HIV negative will receive mHealth intervention and standard of care (SOC) counseling or SOC for PrEP choice (oral or CAB-LA). Participants interested in CAB-LA will be invited for step 2, and those with undetectable HIV viral load will receive same-day CAB-LA injection and will be randomized to receive digital appointment reminders or SOC. Clinical appointments and CAB-LA injection are scheduled after 1 month and every 2 months thereafter (25-month follow-up). Participants will be invited to a 1-year follow-up to step 3 if they decide to change to oral PrEP or discontinue CAB-LA and to step 4 if diagnosed with HIV during the study. Outcomes of interest include PrEP acceptability, choice, effectiveness, implementation, and feasibility. HIV incidence in the CAB-LA cohort (n=1200) will be compared with that in a similar oral PrEP cohort from the public health system. The effectiveness of the mHealth and digital interventions will be assessed using interrupted time series analysis and logistic mixed models, respectively. ResultsDuring the third and fourth quarters of 2022, we obtained regulatory approvals; programmed data entry and management systems; trained sites; and performed community consultancy and formative work. Study enrollment is programmed for the second quarter of 2023. ConclusionsImPrEP CAB Brasil is the first study to evaluate CAB-LA PrEP implementation in Latin America, one of the regions where PrEP scale-up is most needed. This study will be fundamental to designing programmatic strategies for implementing and scaling up feasible, equitable, cost-effective, sustainable, and comprehensive alternatives for PrEP programs. It will also contribute to maximizing the impact of a public health approach to reducing HIV incidence among SGMs in Brazil and other countries in the Global South. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT05515770; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05515770 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/44961

Summary: Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are disproportionally affected by HIV infection in Latin America. This study aims to assess pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) preferences among sexual and gender minorities (SGM) and identify attributes and levels that are related to PrEP uptake and adherence, both crucial for PrEP success. Methods: We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among SGM from all Brazilian regions (September–December/2020). The survey was administered face-to-face (five Brazilian capitals) and online (entire country). We used a D-efficient zero-prior blocked experimental design to select 60 paired-profile DCE choice tasks. Findings: The total sample size was 3924 (90.5% MSM; 7.2% TGW and 2.3% non-binary or gender diverse persons). In random-effects logit models, highest levels of protection and “no side effects” were the most important attribute levels. For “presentation”, injectable and implant were preferred over oral. Participants were willing to accept a 4.1% protection reduction to receive injectable PrEP or a 4.2% reduction if PrEP were taken monthly. The largest class in the latent class models was defined predominantly by the preference for the highest HIV protection level (p

Abstract The native marmoset of the Southeastern Atlantic Forest in Brazil is among the 25 most endangered primates of the world. Hybridization with alien species is one of its main threats registered since the early 2000s based on phenotype, so far, without genetic confirmation. Using uniparental molecular markers, we analyzed 18 putative hybrids, captured from 2004 to 2013 in different localities of the Atlantic Forest. A nine base pair deletion in the SRY gene of C. aurita was used to investigate paternal ancestry. Maternal ancestry was assessed by DNA sequencing of ca. 455 bp from the COX2 gene. Hybridization was confirmed for 16 out of the 18 marmosets since they inherited COX2 haplotypes of the alien C. penicillata or C. jacchus and the SRY deletion specific to C. aurita. Two individuals inherited both parental lineages of C. aurita, which is probably related to backcrossing or hybrid interbreeding. The direction of hybridization of females with the matrilineal lineage of invasive species with males descending from the native lineage was predominant in our sampling. This is the first time that hybridization between C. aurita and invasive species has been confirmed through genetic analysis.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mapear os registros de Indicações Geográficas (IG) na Região Nordeste do Brasil, identificando o seu estado atual, bem como a tendência de crescimento dos mesmos. A metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento da pesquisa envolveu aspectos exploratórios e descritivos, por meio da utilização da revisão bibliográfica em periódicos científicos. No tocante ao levantamento do número de IG registradas, utilizou-se as listas de Indicação de Procedência (IP) e de Denominação de Origem (DO), concedidas até 02 de fevereiro de 2021 e na planilha de andamento de pedidos/registros de indicações geográficas, disponíveis no banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Após este levantamento, foram abordadas potencialidades à aquisição de IG na região analisada, com base em dissertações de mestrado, artigos científicos e trabalhos publicados em anais de congressos. Desta forma, foi possível identificar um total de 15 indicações geográficas, sendo 13 IP e duas DO. O número de pedidos de concessão de IG depositados em andamento foram três. Além disso, observou-se que a Bahia é o estado da Região com maior quantidade de registros de IG; constatou-se a existência de potencialidades à aquisição de IG em todos nos nove estados da região; e foi possível apontar os estados de Pernambuco, Bahia e Ceará como sendo os estados, oficialmente, propensos a brevemente obterem mais registros junto ao INPI.

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to verify possible changes in the time spent in sedentary activities occurring as screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation domains in a sample of Brazilian adolescents between 2015 and 2017. Methods: It is a longitudinal prospective study with 586 adolescents from 12 to 15 years old at the Baseline (2015) enrolled in 14 public schools from Curitiba, Brazil. The Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire assessed the time spent in sedentary activities in five domains (recreational screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation). A series of linear random effects regressions analyzed changes in the sedentary time between 2015 and 2017, with p < .05. Results: Overall, 323 adolescents dropped out of the study resulting in a retention rate of 44.9%. The overall sedentary time remained stable from 2015 to 2017 (-3.98 min/day, 95%CI: -15.39; 7.42). The screen-time decreased (-22.22 min/day, 95%CI: -30.30; -14.15), and educational (8.29 min/day, 95% CI: 3.52; 13.06), cultural (3.41 min/day, 95% CI: 0.66; 6.15) and social sedentary activities (8.20 min/day, 95% CI: 2.06; 14.34) increased from 2015 to 2017. Conclusion: Significant reductions in screen-time were evidenced along with increases in time spent on other sedentary activities of educational, cultural, and social nature. KeywordsSedentary behavior, Adolescent health, Longitudinal studies

Summary: Background: By October 30, 2022, 76,871 cases of mpox were reported worldwide, with 20,614 cases in Latin America. This study reports characteristics of a case series of suspected and confirmed mpox cases at a referral infectious diseases center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study that enrolled all patients with suspected mpox between June 12 and August 19, 2022. Mpox was confirmed by a PCR test. We compared characteristics of confirmed and non-confirmed cases, and among confirmed cases according to HIV status using distribution tests. Kernel estimation was used for exploratory spatial analysis. Findings: Of 342 individuals with suspected mpox, 208 (60.8%) were confirmed cases. Compared to non-confirmed cases, confirmed cases were more frequent among individuals aged 30–39 years, cisgender men (96.2% vs. 66.4%; p

Brazil is one of the richest countries in reptile fauna. However, the antipredator mechanisms regarding many of these species are not yet known. As we document new records, it may continually improve our understanding on predator-prey interactions. Here, four antipredator mechanisms are reported, the scorpion mimicry displayed by Gymnodactylus darwinii and Chatogekko amazonicus, as well as cloacal discharge, skin loss, and tail autotomy for the former.

A metodologia de Resolução de Problemas (RP) é utilizada no processo de ensino-aprendizagem como ferramenta para a introdução do conceito de matrizes no Ensino Médio. Uma experiência foi realizada em cinco turmas do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública tradicional da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O conteúdo proposto aborda, de forma contextualizada, temas do cotidiano dos alunos, de modo a proporcionar uma maior identificação destes com a proposta metodológica. Em três turmas (Grupo 2), os problemas abordados foram postos antes da apresentação formal dos conteúdos, permitindo que os alunos entrassem em contato com problemas cujas soluções ainda não estavam formalizadas. De maneira oposta, em outras duas turmas (Grupo 1), os mesmos problemas foram explorados apenas após a apresentação formal do conteúdo, servindo como aplicação do que havia sido apresentado em sala. Dois aspectos fundamentais devem ser destacados neste trabalho: em três turmas o ensino de matrizes foi realizado através da resolução de problemas; nas outras duas turmas, o tópico abordado foi desenvolvido para a resolução de problemas. Apesar de resultados semelhantes obtidos nos dois grupos, a dinâmica de trabalho RP explicitou uma maior participação dos alunos nas atividades propostas, mostrando maior aproveitamento do conteúdo trabalhado.

ABSTRACT Knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention is a necessary step for adopting preventive behaviors. We assessed HIV knowledge and its correlation with the perceived accuracy of the “Undetectable = Untransmittable” (U=U) slogan in an online sample with 401 adult Brazilians. Overall, 28% of participants showed high HIV knowledge level. The perceived accuracy of the U=U slogan significantly correlated with HIV knowledge. Younger participants, those reporting lower income or lower education, or who had never tested for HIV showed poorer HIV knowledge. Filling gaps of knowledge among specific populations is urgent in order to increase preventive behaviors and decrease HIV stigma.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different bone attachment levels and occlusal loads on the stress distribution pattern of maxillary premolars with or without non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL), before and after restoration with composite resin by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. From the healthy model, NCCL models were produced and the cavity was restored with composite resin. Models with vertical and horizontal bone loss were also made. For each model, three types of occlusal loads were simulated (100 N): vertical load (VL), buccal load (BL), and palatal load (PL). After processing the models, the data were obtained in MPa for the criteria of Maximum Principal Stress (for all structures) and Minimum Principal Stress (for cortical and medullary bones). Stress values were collected for a node on the cervical buccal surface (Maximum Principal Stress) and the buccal crestal bone (Minimum Principal Stress). As a result, the different bone attachment levels did not affect stress distribution at the amelodentinal junction. The buccal load promoted a higher concentration of compressive stress on the buccal bone surface and the palatal load resulted in greater tensile stress in the buccal cervical third of the tooth. The concentration of tensile stress in the buccal cervical third was exacerbated by the presence of NCCL and it was similar to the healthy and restored models. It can be concluded that stress concentration at the bone level does not depend on the presence or absence of NCCL and the restoration procedure but it is related to the type of occlusal load. However, the presence of NCCL promoted a higher stress concentration in the cervical region, especially when combined with oblique occlusal loads.

BackgroundInternet and mobile phones, widely available in Brazil, could be used to disseminate information about HIV prevention and to recruit gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) to HIV prevention services. Data evaluating the characteristics of MSM recruited through different web-based strategies and estimating their cost and yield in the country are not available. ObjectiveWe aimed to describe a web-based recruitment cascade, compare the characteristics of MSM recruited to a large HIV prevention service in Rio de Janeiro according to web-based venues, and estimate the cost per participant for each strategy. MethodsWe promoted advertisements on geosocial networking (GSN) apps (Hornet and Grindr) and social media (Facebook and Instagram) from March 2018 to October 2019. The advertisements invited viewers to contact a peer educator to schedule a visit at the HIV prevention service. Performance of web-based recruitment cascade was based on how many MSM (1) were reached by the advertisement, (2) contacted the peer educator, and (3) attended the service. We used chi-square tests to compare MSM recruited through GSN apps and social media. The estimated advertisement cost to recruit a participant was calculated by dividing total advertisement costs by number of participants who attended the service or initiated preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). ResultsAdvertisement reached 1,477,344 individuals; 1270 MSM contacted the peer educator (86 contacts per 100,000 views)—564 (44.4%), 401 (31.6%) and 305 (24.0%)—through social media, Grindr, and Hornet. Among the 1270 individuals who contacted the peer educator, 36.3% (n=461) attended the service with similar proportion for each web-based strategy (social media: 203/564, 36.0%; Grindr: 152/401, 37.9%; and Hornet: 107/305, 35.1%). MSM recruited through GSN apps were older (mean age 30 years vs 26 years; P

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic may be having many psychological impacts on people, at both an individual and a community level. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the relationship between the weekly frequency of physical activity and levels of stress among Brazilian adults during social distancing due to the coronavirus (COVID-19), and the interaction of sex in this association. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive approach conducted at a public university in Curitiba (PR), Brazil. METHODS: 2,000 Brazilian adults (average age 36.4 years; 59.6% women) were recruited according to convenience through digital media. They filled out a questionnaire in electronic format that asked for sociodemographic information, health data, food consumption data, weekly frequency of physical activity and stress levels on the 10-item Kessler psychological distress scale. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: Associations were observed for the following correlations: male sex * no physical activity (odds ratio (OR): 4.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-16.67); female sex * physical activity 4 or 5 times a week (OR: 7.86; 95% CI: 2.28-27.05); female sex * physical activity 3 times a week (OR: 7.32; 95% CI: 2.09-25.58); female sex * physical activity 1 or 2 times a week (OR: 14.57; 95% CI: 4.28-49.57); and female sex * no physical activity (OR: 24.17; 95% CI: 7.21-80.97). CONCLUSION: The lower the weekly frequency of physical activity during the period of social distancing was, the greater the chances of having stress levels were, especially for women.

Resumo Com foco nas experiências dos participantes de quadrilhas juninas da cidade de Sobral, localizada na região norte do estado do Ceará, este artigo propõe apresentar os impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 no cotidiano dos indivíduos. A partir de uma reflexão sobre as interseccionalidades de gênero, sexualidade, classe e raça entrecruzadas nas experiências sociais e subjetivas de dançarinos de tradicionais festejos de São João, analisa-se os efeitos da interrupção dos trabalhos dos grupos juninos, em função do estado de quarentena decretado pelo governo cearense, sobre seus cotidianos e sobre os modos de preparar as quadrilhas. Com base nessa realidade etnográfica, amparando-se diretamente nos discursos expressos pelos participantes diante das circunstâncias geradas pelo novo coronavírus, busca-se pensar sobre como essas pessoas se sentem afetadas social e subjetivamente pelo estado pandêmico.

Resumo Introdução O esporte pode contribuir com a percepção de qualidade de vida dos adolescentes nessa fase de desenvolvimento. Objetivo Comparar os domínios da percepção de qualidade de vida de adolescentes, dos sexos masculino e feminino, praticantes de esporte no contraturno escolar (PE), praticantes de outra modalidade de exercício físico (PMEF) e não praticantes de exercício físico (NPEF). Método O estudo é transversal com delineamento ex post facto, com a população composta por adolescentes e com uma amostra de 374 sujeitos, dividida em três grupos. Para avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vida dos adolescentes, foi utilizado o questionário KIDSCREEN-52, e para a análise comparativa, o teste da Análise de variância (ANOVA) de um fator com post hoc de Scheffe. Resultados As comparações das dimensões de qualidade de vida (QV) mostraram que a prática esportiva é um importante fator para melhores percepções de QV e, consequentemente, uma melhor percepção de bem-estar, isto principalmente para o sexo masculino (F=5,38; 3,86; 4,79; 6,22; 7,93, para sentimentos; estado emocional; autopercepção; amigos; apoio social, respectivamente, p

We present the first record of Dipsas mikanii Schlegel, 1837 from the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. This species has a broad geographic distribution in eastern Brazil. We collected two specimens, one from Água Doce do Norte, a municipality approximately 90 km northeast from the nearest previously known locality in the state of Minas Gerais, and the second from Colatina, about 60 km east from the nearest record in Minas Gerais. We discuss and correct misidentified records of D. mikanii from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina.

Increasing physical activity levels during adolescence have been put on the agenda by several researchers. This study verified the association between social support from parents and friends and different amounts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescents in public school. The present study had a cross-sectional design and included a representative sample of 1984 adolescents (aged 15–17). The ASAFA (Apoio Social para prática de Atividade Física para Adolescentes) scale and the QAFA (Questionário de Atividade Física para Adolescentes) were used to determine social support and physical activity, respectively. For statistical analysis, a conceptual model for structured equations and weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted were applied. Social support from parents increased the odds of engaging in 180 min/week of MVPA by 46.7%, 47.8% for 300 min/week, and 45.5% for 420 min/week. Social support from friends showed similar relations trends: 23.8% for 180 min/week, 23.6% for 300 min/week, and 21.2% for 420 min/week. Social support from parents and friends increased the probability of adolescents reaching the amounts of physical activity investigated. The results indicate that greater social support (from parents and friends) was associated with a higher level of MVPA in Brazilian adolescents.

Fire is an important disturbance factor in shrublands, grasslands, and savannas. It alters the habitat of a multitude of species and, under natural dynamics, is a major determinant of landscape vegetation patterns. Here, we evaluate the effects of different wildfire regimes on the abundance of sun spiders in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone. To study how different fire regimes affect the number of individual sun spiders, we considered the frequency of fire occurrences in the last 20 years and classified locations as high frequency or low frequency. We also classified the time of the last fire in 2020 as occurring in the first or second half of the year. In addition, we compared the number of individual sun spiders before and after fire. We found no effects of fire frequency and period when the fire occurred in 2020, but the number of individual sun spiders was higher after wildfires. Although ground-dwelling are considered fire sensitive, some can employ strategies to tolerate fire so that they are able to not only survive, but also reproduce in fire-prone landscapes. Thus, we suggest that sun spiders are resilient, can explore sites under different fire regimes, and can be considered pyrophilous species.

Summary: Background: Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 are important diagnostic tools. We assessed clinical performance and ease-of-use of seven Ag-RDTs in a prospective, manufacturer-independent, multi-centre cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study to inform global decision makers. Methods: Unvaccinated participants suspected of a first SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited at six sites (Germany, Brazil). Ag-RDTs were evaluated sequentially, with collection of paired swabs for routine reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and Ag-RDT testing. Performance was compared to RT-PCR overall and in sub-group analyses (viral load, symptoms, symptoms duration). To understandusability a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and ease-of-use (EoU) assessment were performed. Findings: 7471 participants were included in the analysis. Sensitivities across Ag-RDTs ranged from 70·4%-90·1%, specificities were above 97·2% for all Ag-RDTs but one (93·1%).Ag-RDTs, Mologic, Bionote, Standard Q, showed diagnostic accuracy in line with WHO targets (> 80% sensitivity, > 97% specificity). All tests showed high sensitivity in the first three days after symptom onset (≥87·1%) and in individuals with viral loads≥ 6 log10SARS-CoV2 RNA copies/mL (≥ 88·7%). Usability varied, with Rapigen, Bionote and Standard Q reaching very good scores; 90, 88 and 84/100, respectively. Interpretation: Variability in test performance is partially explained by variable viral loads in population evaluated over the course of the pandemic. All Ag-RDTs reach high sensitivity early in the disease and in individuals with high viral loads, supporting their role in identifying transmission relevant infections. For easy-to-use tests, performance shown will likely be maintained in routine implementation. Funding: Ministry of Science, Research and Arts, State of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, internal funds from Heidelberg University Hospital, University Hospital Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, UK Department of International Development, WHO, Unitaid.

Resumo: A profilaxia pré-exposição ao HIV (PrEP) tem sido considerada uma estratégia fundamental para o controle da epidemia de HIV/aids, e desde 2018 tem sido objeto de estudo de implementação (Estudo ImPrEP Stakeholders), realizado no Brasil, no México e no Peru. Um componente qualitativo desse estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar os contextos sociais e estruturais que envolvem e organizam a oferta de serviços de PrEP no Brasil, as subjetividades dos atores envolvidos e as diferentes percepções que podem impactar a efetivação dessa estratégia. O presente artigo teve como foco de análise o acesso das populações vulneráveis aos serviços de PrEP, na perspectiva de gestores, profissionais de saúde, lideranças ou ativistas e usuários de PrEP. É um estudo qualitativo com o uso de metodologia compreensiva, realizado em seis capitais brasileiras, em que foram entrevistados 71 atores-chave no período de novembro de 2018 a maio de 2019. A análise foi pautada pelos modelos analíticos sobre acesso propostos por Giovanella & Fleury, McIntyre et al. e Penchansky & Thomas. Os resultados são apresentados com base em três eixos: “percepções sobre prevenção combinada e PrEP”; “disponibilidade e adequação: perfil e estrutura dos serviços no contexto do ImPrEP”; e “aceitabilidade: atitudes e práticas dos profissionais de saúde e usuários”.

Population surveillance in COVID-19 Pandemic is crucial to follow up the pace of disease and its related immunological status. Here we present a cross-sectional study done in Maricá, a seaside town close to the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three rounds of study sampling, enrolling a total of 1134 subjects, were performed during May to August 2021. Here we show that the number of individuals carrying detectable IgG antibodies and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were greater in vaccinated groups compared to unvaccinated ones, highlighting the importance of vaccination to attain noticeable levels of populational immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we found a decreased incidence of COVID-19 throughout the study, clearly correlated with the level of vaccinated individuals as well as the proportion of individuals with detectable levels of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 and NAb. The observed drop occurred even during the introduction of the Delta variant in Maricá, what suggests that the vaccination slowed down the widespread transmission of this variant. Overall, our data clearly support the use of vaccines to drop the incidence associated to SARS-CoV-2.

BackgroundIn many parts of the world, including Brazil, uptake for biomedical interventions has been insufficient to reverse the HIV epidemic among key populations at high risk for HIV, including men who have sex with men. Young MSM (YMSM), particularly Black YMSM, have high HIV incidence, low viral suppression, and low preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence. Therefore, novel approaches to increase the HIV biomedical interventions uptake by YMSM are urgently needed. ObjectiveWe describe the Conectad@s Project, which aims to: (1) estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, the onset of sexual risk behavior, and barriers to biomedical interventions among YMSM aged 18 to 24 years in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and (2) conduct a technology-based adherence intervention study to promote a rapid linkage of YMSM to HIV care or prevention, and support and sustain adherence. MethodsA cross-sectional survey will be conducted with 400 YMSM recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) adapted for social media-based sampling, preceded by a formative phase. HIV and sexually transmitted infections testing will be conducted, including early HIV infection biomarker detection. Behavioral, partnership, network, and structural measures will be collected through structured questionnaires. All individuals recruited for the survey will have access to HIV risk assessment, antiretroviral therapy (ART), PrEP, prevention counseling, and a technology-based adherence intervention. Those who accept the adherence intervention will receive weekly text messages via a social networking app (WhatsApp) for 24 weeks, with follow-up data collected over 48 weeks. ResultsThe Conectad@s project has been approved by our local institutional review board (#CAAE 26086719.0.0000.4262) in accordance with all applicable regulations. Questionnaires for the RDS survey and intervention were developed and tested in 2020, formative interviews were conducted in January and February 2021 to guide the development of the RDS, and enrollment is planned to begin in early 2022. ConclusionsThe Conectad@s Project is a vanguard study that, for the first time, will apply digital RDS to sample and recruit YMSM in Brazil and rapidly connect them to ART, PrEP, or prevention counseling through a technology-based adherence intervention. RDS will allow us to estimate HIV prevalence among YMSM and measure HIV infection biomarkers in the context of the onset of risky behavior. The data will lay the groundwork to adapt and implement HIV prevention strategies, identify barriers to the earliest HIV infection diagnosis, immediate ART or PrEP initiation, and detect new clusters of HIV transmission. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/34885

This paper is part IV of “towards a model of urban evolution”. It demonstrates how the Toronto Urban Evolution Model (TUEM) can be used to encode city data, illuminate key features, demonstrate how formetic distance can be used to discover how spatial areas change over time, and identify similar spatial areas within and between cities. The data used in this study are reviews from Yelp. Each review can be interpreted as a formeme where the category of the business is a form, the reviewer is a group and the review is an activity. Yelp data from neighbourhoods in both Toronto and Montreal are encoded. A method for aggregating reviewers into groups with multiple members is introduced. Longitudinal analysis is performed for all Toronto neighbourhoods. Transversal analysis is performed between neighbourhoods within Toronto and between Toronto and Montreal. Similar neighbourhoods are identified validating formetic distance.

One of the first experiences of shunt implantation in the world occurred in 1949, by Nulsen and Spitz, who implanted a rubber catheter with a ball valve system, from the lateral ventricle to the internal jugular vein [1]. In the 1950s, the shunt systems had great development, especially the Spitz-Holter system, first used in 1956, consisting of the first system produced on a large scale. The second patient who benefited from this new system was Holter's son Casey, who had myelomeningocele [2,3]. From these first American reports, the shunt surgery had great worldwide dissemination in the 1960s. One of the first CSF shunts in Brazil and Latin America occurred in 1966, in the city of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, by Prof. Francisco Mauro Guerra Terra, founder of the Chair of Neurosurgery at Triângulo Mineiro Medical School, today part of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM). The procedure was performed at the Children's Hospital of Uberaba, at the time one of University Hospitals, and the patient was a 7-month-old baby named Maria Beatriz. The child suffered from hydrocephalus, as a complication of tuberculous meningitis, and was diagnosed by pneumoventriculography, a procedure described by Dandy, and widely used in the era before tomography [4] (Fig. 1). The child was submitted to a ventriculo-atrial shunt (Figs. 2, 3 and 4), with implantation of a catheter without a valve, an option widely used at the time. Besides Prof. Guerra, the surgical team was composed by the then medical students Jaime Olavo Marquez, later titular of the Neurology Department of UFTM, Antônio Luiz da Costa Sobrinho, later a neurosurgeon, who later settled in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil Carlos Antunes de Paula, also later a neurosurgeon, who settled in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil and the anesthesiologist Dr. Newton Camargo Araújo, from Uberaba (Fig. 5). There is a postoperative image of the case, showing the success of the procedure (Fig. 6). The surgery had great repercussion in the national media at the time (Fig. 7).

Introduction Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important and well-established prevention strategy for sexual acquisition of HIV. In Brazil, transgender women (TGW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) bear the largest burden among key populations. Little is known about preferences for PrEP characteristics in these vulnerable populations in Latin America. The goal of this study is to investigate preferences of TGW and MSM with respect to PrEP characteristics, whether current user or not, and to assess any attributes and levels that may improve the decision to start using PrEP (uptake) and optimal continuity of use (adherence), which are important dimensions for PrEP success.Methods and analysis We hereby outline the protocol of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to be conducted among TGW and MSM in Brazil. The study will be carried out in two phases. The first phase involves literature review and qualitative approaches including in-depth interviews to inform the development of the DCE (attributes and levels). The second phase entails the DCE survey and supporting questions pertaining to sociodemographic and risk behaviour information. The survey is aimed at current PrEP users and non-users, consisting of two modes of administration: face to face in five Brazilian capitals (Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Manaus, Porto Alegre and Salvador) and online targeting the entire country. A D-efficient zero-prior blocked experimental design will be used to select 60 paired-profile DCE choice tasks, in which participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups and presented with a set of 15 choice tasks. The planned sample size is 1000 volunteers.Ethics, timeline and dissemination The study was approved by Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa—Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—INI/FIOCRUZ, CEP/INI, CAAE 28416220.2.1001.5262, approval number 3.979.759 in accordance with the Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (CONEP—Brazilian National Board of Research Ethics). The study will be conducted between 2020 and 2021. The results will be disseminated to the scientific community and to the public in general through publications in published in peer-reviewed journals and in scientific conferences.

BACKGROUND The high demand for adequate material for the gold standard reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based diagnosis imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, combined with the inherent contamination risks for healthcare workers during nasopharyngeal swab (NP) sample collection and the discomfort it causes patients, brought the need to identify alternative specimens suitable for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to compare saliva and gingival fluid swabs to NP swabs as specimens for RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. METHODS We compared gingival fluid swabs (n = 158) and saliva (n = 207) to the rayon-tipped NP swabs obtained from mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects as specimens for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. FINDINGS When compared to NP swabs, gingival fluid swabs had a concordance rate of 15.4% among positive samples, zero among inconclusive, and 100% among negative ones. For saliva samples, the concordance rate was 67.6% among positive samples, 42.9% among inconclusive, and 96.8% among negative ones. However, the concordance rate between saliva and NP swabs was higher (96.9%) within samples with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (Ct > 10 ≤ 25). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that whereas gingival fluid swabs are not substitutes for NP swabs, saliva might be considered whenever NP swabs are not available or recommended.

Este artigo analisa qualitativamente, considerando o arcabouço teórico de Munduruku (2014), Cascudo (2006), e dos Referenciais Curriculares Nacionais para as Escolas Indígenas, os resultados de uma oficina realizada, em 2018, com professores indígenas e não indígenas atuantes em aldeias Guajajara e Canela Ramkokamekrá, a qual propunha a produção de material diferenciado e a capacitação dos docentes para a adoção de metodologias que respeitassem os processos próprios de aprendizagem de cada comunidade. As análises indicam que a escola tem ajudado a cristalizar percepções infecundas sobre literatura e escrita, na medida em que desprestigia a oralidade. Por outro lado, observou-se também que as propostas metodológicas e os materiais construídos ao longo da oficina oferecem caminhos possíveis pelos quais a educação escolar indígena pode trilhar a fim de garantir um currículo intercultural, diversificado e diferenciado.

Records of malformation in amphibians have significantly increased on a global scale. The main causes of malformations are linked to environmental contaminants, and records in preserved environments are uncommon. We reported malformations in three anuran species belonging to three families: Crossodactylus timbuhy (Hylodidae), Proceratophrys schirchi (Odontophrynidae) and Thoropa miliaris (Cycloramphidae). All records were found within the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, a well-preserved protected remnant of Atlantic rainforest located in the mountains of the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The malformations detected were hemimelia (long bone shortened) with ectrodactyly (digit absent) and brachydactyly (digit shortened) in C. timbuhy, microphtalmia (small eye) in P. schirchi and ectrodactyly in T. miliaris. Further studies are recommended to enable a better understanding about the incidence and causes of malformations within preserved areas.

A checklist of the amphibians of Santa Teresa municipality, in southeastern Brazil is presented based on fieldwork, examination of specimens in collections, and a literature review. This new amphibian list of Santa Teresa includes 108 species, of which 106 (~98%) belong to Anura and two (~2%) to Gymnophiona. Hylidae was the most represented family with 47 species (43%). Compared to the previous amphibian lists for Santa Teresa, 14 species were added, 17 previously reported species were removed, and 13 species were re-identified based on recent taxonomic rearrangements. Of the 14 species added, 11 (79%) were first recorded during our fieldwork and specimen examination. It is also the first list of caecilians for Santa Teresa. This list suggests that Santa Teresa has 0.16 species per km2 (i.e., 108 species/683 km2), one of the highest densities of amphibian species in the world at a regional scale. This richness represents 78% of the 136 anurans from Espírito Santo state and 10% of the 1,080 amphibians from Brazil. We highlight the need for long-term monitoring to understand population trends and develop effective conservation plans to safeguard this remarkable amphibian richness.

Biofuels are increasingly important renewable resources in the world’s energy matrix that have challenged the scientific community as well as small and large farmers to develop alternatives to fossil fuels in order to achieve the aims of energy transition. In particular, Brazil’s proven competitiveness in agribusiness together with its rich biodiversity put the country in a key position in the biofuels market. The semiarid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil, an exclusive biome rich in many oilseed species suitable for potential energy purposes, is of particular interest in this field. Nowadays, soybeans are the main feedstock used for the production of biodiesel, but, due to the increasing demand for biofuels, the search for alternative sources of oil from tropical flora with high productivity is crucial. Under this premise, this systematic review focuses on mapping Caatinga’s vegetable oil crops that could be used as alternative raw materials for biofuels’ production in Brazil, in addition to traditional soybeans and sugarcane. To gain more detailed insight into these matrices, their main properties, including oil content, fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties, are discussed. Moreover, an overview is provided of processes to synthesize different types of biofuels, particularly biodiesel and aviation biokerosene, including the routes employing homogeneous, enzymatic and mainly heterogeneous catalysts. Finally, future prospects and challenges for renewable biofuels and the Caatinga biome are addressed.

Por iniciativa do Ministério da Saúde, em colaboração com pesquisadores nacionais, elaborou-se o primeiro Guia de Atividade Física (AF) para a População Brasileira, incluindo recomendações para as várias fases da vida e populações especiais. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo metodológico e os resultados do capítulo de recomendações de AF para idosos. O Grupo de Trabalho Idosos (GT Idosos) contou com a participação de 11 pesquisadores/profissionais que realizaram reuniões virtuais semanais, revisão sistemática de revisões, que incluiu 50 artigos ao final, e escutas com profissionais de Educação Física (n = 143), gestores (n = 17) e com idosos (n = 22), de todas as regiões do país, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas e formulários eletrônicos. Baseado nos resultados da revisão e das escutas, elaborou-se uma primeira versão das recomendações de AF para idosos, que foi submetida à consulta pública. No total foram recebidas 46 sugestões válidas, das quais 34 foram aceitas e incorporadas ao texto final por possuírem relevância técnica e/ou social. Como resultados, o Guia destaca os principais benefícios da AF para idosos, como melhora dos aspectos físicos, mentais e sociais, e recomenda um mínimo de 150 minutos por semana de AF de intensidade moderada, ou 75 minutos de intensidade vigorosa, considerando as AF no tempo livre, no deslocamento, no trabalho/estudo ou nas tarefas domésticas. Acredita-se que o Guia auxiliará os idosos e profissionais de saúde a conhecerem os benefícios da AF, a quantidade recomendada e as diversas possibilidades de prática, por meio de mensagens e exemplos culturalmente apropriados.