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1. Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using $$3.6\times 10^{21}$$ 3.6 × 10 21 protons on target

Author: K. Abe, N. Akhlaq, R. Akutsu, A. Ali, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, C. Andreopoulos, M. Antonova, S. Aoki, T. Arihara, Y. Asada, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, D. Barrow, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, F. Bench, V. Berardi, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, A. Blanchet, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, T. Bonus, S. Bordoni, S. B. Boyd, A. Bravar, C. Bronner, S. Bron, A. Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. A. Caballero, N. F. Calabria, S. Cao, D. Carabadjac, A. J. Carter, S. L. Cartwright, M. G. Catanesi, A. Cervera, J. Chakrani, D. Cherdack, P. S. Chong, G. Christodoulou, A. Chvirova, M. Cicerchia, J. Coleman, G. Collazuol, L. Cook, A. Cudd, C. Dalmazzone, T. Daret, Yu. I. Davydov, A. De Roeck, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, C. C. Delogu, C. Densham, A. Dergacheva, F. Di Lodovico, S. Dolan, D. Douqa, T. A. Doyle, O. Drapier, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, K. Dygnarowicz, A. Eguchi, S. Emery-Schrenk, G. Erofeev, A. Ershova, G. Eurin, D. Fedorova, S. Fedotov, M. Feltre, A. J. Finch, G. A. Fiorentini Aguirre, G. Fiorillo, M. D. Fitton, J. M. Franco Patiño, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, Y. Fukuda, K. Fusshoeller, L. Giannessi, C. Giganti, V. Glagolev, M. Gonin, J. González Rosa, E. A. G. Goodman, A. Gorin, M. Grassi, M. Guigue, D. R. Hadley, J. T. Haigh, P. Hamacher-Baumann, D. A. Harris, M. Hartz, T. Hasegawa, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, Y. Hayato, D. Henaff, A. Hiramoto, M. Hogan, J. Holeczek, A. Holin, T. Holvey, N. T. Hong Van, T. Honjo, F. Iacob, A. K. Ichikawa, M. Ikeda, T. Ishida, M. Ishitsuka, H. T. Israel, K. Iwamoto, A. Izmaylov, N. Izumi, M. Jakkapu, B. Jamieson, S. J. Jenkins, C. Jesús-Valls, J. J. Jiang, P. Jonsson, S. Joshi, C. K. Jung, P. B. Jurj, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, T. Kajita, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, S. P. Kasetti, Y. Kataoka, Y. Katayama, T. Katori, M. Kawaue, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, H. Kikutani, S. King, V. Kiseeva, J. Kisiel, T. Kobata, H. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, L. Koch, S. Kodama, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, A. Kostin, T. Koto, K. Kowalik, Y. Kudenko, Y. Kudo, S. Kuribayashi, R. Kurjata, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, M. La Commara, L. Labarga, K. Lachner, J. Lagoda, S. M. Lakshmi, M. Lamers James, M. Lamoureux, A. Langella, J.-F. Laporte, D. Last, N. Latham, M. Laveder, L. Lavitola, M. Lawe, Y. Lee, C. Lin, S.-K. Lin, R. P. Litchfield, S. L. Liu, W. Li, A. Longhin, K. R. Long, A. Lopez Moreno, L. Ludovici, X. Lu, T. Lux, L. N. Machado, L. Magaletti, K. Mahn, M. Malek, M. Mandal, S. Manly, A. D. Marino, L. Marti-Magro, D. G. R. Martin, M. Martini, J. F. Martin, T. Maruyama, T. Matsubara, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. Mavrokoridis, E. Mazzucato, N. McCauley, J. McElwee, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, J. McKean, A. Mefodiev, G. D. Megias, P. Mehta, L. Mellet, C. Metelko, M. Mezzetto, E. Miller, A. Minamino, O. Mineev, S. Mine, M. Miura, L. Molina Bueno, S. Moriyama, P. Morrison, Th. A. Mueller, D. Munford, L. Munteanu, K. Nagai, Y. Nagai, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakagiri, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, A. Nakamura, H. Nakamura, K. Nakamura, K. D. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Nakayoshi, C. E. R. Naseby, T. V. Ngoc, V. Q. Nguyen, K. Niewczas, S. Nishimori, Y. Nishimura, K. Nishizaki, T. Nosek, F. Nova, P. Novella, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O’Keeffe, L. O’Sullivan, T. Odagawa, T. Ogawa, R. Okada, W. Okinaga, K. Okumura, T. Okusawa, N. Ospina, R. A. Owen, Y. Oyama, V. Palladino, V. Paolone, M. Pari, J. Parlone, S. Parsa, J. Pasternak, M. Pavin, D. Payne, G. C. Penn, D. Pershey, L. Pickering, C. Pidcott, G. Pintaudi, C. Pistillo, B. Popov, K. Porwit, M. Posiadala-Zezula, Y. S. Prabhu, F. Pupilli, B. Quilain, T. Radermacher, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, M. A. Ramírez, P. N. Ratoff, M. Reh, C. Riccio, E. Rondio, S. Roth, N. Roy, A. Rubbia, A. C. Ruggeri, C. A. Ruggles, A. Rychter, K. Sakashita, F. Sánchez, G. Santucci, C. M. Schloesser, K. Scholberg, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, D. Sgalaberna, A. Shaikhiev, F. Shaker, A. Shaykina, M. Shiozawa, W. Shorrock, A. Shvartsman, N. Skrobova, K. Skwarczynski, D. Smyczek, M. Smy, J. T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, F. J. P. Soler, Y. Sonoda, A. J. Speers, R. Spina, I. A. Suslov, S. Suvorov, A. Suzuki, S. Y. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, A. A. Sztuc, M. Tada, S. Tairafune, S. Takayasu, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, K. Takifuji, H. K. Tanaka, Y. Tanihara, M. Tani, A. Teklu, V. V. Tereshchenko, N. Teshima, N. Thamm, L. F. Thompson, W. Toki, C. Touramanis, T. Towstego, K. M. Tsui, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, M. Vagins, D. Vargas, M. Varghese, G. Vasseur, C. Vilela, E. Villa, W. G. S. Vinning, U. Virginet, T. Vladisavljevic, T. Wachala, J. G. Walsh, Y. Wang, L. Wan, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, A. Weber, R. Wendell, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. R. Wilson, K. Wood, C. Wret, J. Xia, Y.-H. Xu, K. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, C. Yanagisawa, G. Yang, T. Yano, K. Yasutome, N. Yershov, U. Yevarouskaya, M. Yokoyama, Y. Yoshimoto, N. Yoshimura, M. Yu, R. Zaki, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, K. Zaremba, G. Zarnecki, X. Zhao, T. Zhu, M. Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos, and T2K Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using $$19.7(16.3)\times 10^{20}$$ 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional $$4.7\times 10^{20}$$ 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}$$ δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}$$ sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}=0.561^{+0.021}_{-0.032}$$ sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\varDelta {}m^2_{32}=2.494_{-0.058}^{+0.041}\times 10^{-3}~\text {eV}^2$$ Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant $$\varDelta \chi ^{2}$$ Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}=-1.97_{-0.70}^{+0.97}$$ δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}=0,\pi $$ δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than $$2\sigma $$ 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}},$$ δ CP , and just below $$2\sigma $$ 2 σ using a flat prior in $$\sin \delta _{\textrm{CP}}.$$ sin δ CP . When the external constraint on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 is removed, $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}=28.0^{+2.8}_{-6.5}\times 10^{-3},$$ sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
Published: 2023
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2. Detection of astrophysical tau neutrino candidates in IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. V. Balagopal, A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, F. McNally, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyễn, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and Z. Zhang
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract High-energy tau neutrinos are rarely produced in atmospheric cosmic-ray showers or at cosmic particle accelerators, but are expected to emerge during neutrino propagation over cosmic distances due to flavor mixing. When high energy tau neutrinos interact inside the IceCube detector, two spatially separated energy depositions may be resolved, the first from the charged current interaction and the second from the tau lepton decay. We report a novel analysis of 7.5 years of IceCube data that identifies two candidate tau neutrinos among the 60 “High-Energy Starting Events” (HESE) collected during that period. The HESE sample offers high purity, all-sky sensitivity, and distinct observational signatures for each neutrino flavor, enabling a new measurement of the flavor composition. The measured astrophysical neutrino flavor composition is consistent with expectations, and an astrophysical tau neutrino flux is indicated at 2.8 $$\sigma $$ σ significance.
Published: 2022
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3. Low energy event reconstruction in IceCube DeepCore

Author: R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, J. M. Alameddine, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. Benda, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, M. Boddenberg, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book, J. Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, B. Brinson, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado López, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. De Young, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, S. Griswold, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, E. C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, K. Hoshina, W. Hou, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, E. Krupczak, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczynska, Y. Li, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Maris, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, S. McCarthy, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L. V. Nguyễn, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, L. Peters, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, R. Reimann, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Veitch-Michaelis, S. Verpoest, C. Walck, W. Wang, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, and IceCube Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The reconstruction of event-level information, such as the direction or energy of a neutrino interacting in IceCube DeepCore, is a crucial ingredient to many physics analyses. Algorithms to extract this high level information from the detector’s raw data have been successfully developed and used for high energy events. In this work, we address unique challenges associated with the reconstruction of lower energy events in the range of a few to hundreds of GeV and present two separate, state-of-the-art algorithms. One algorithm focuses on the fast directional reconstruction of events based on unscattered light. The second algorithm is a likelihood-based multipurpose reconstruction offering superior resolutions, at the expense of larger computational cost.
Published: 2022
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4. Measurement of the charged-current electron (anti-)neutrino inclusive cross-sections at the T2K off-axis near detector ND280

Author: The T2K collaboration, K. Abe, N. Akhlaq, R. Akutsu, A. Ali, C. Alt, C. Andreopoulos, L. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, T. Arihara, Y. Asada, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, Y. Awataguchi, S. Ban, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, D. Barrow, C. Barry, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, A. Beloshapkin, F. Bench, V. Berardi, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, S. Bienstock, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, T. Bonus, B. Bourguille, S. B. Boyd, D. Brailsford, A. Bravar, D. Bravo Berguño, C. Bronner, S. Bron, A. Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. Calcutt, T. Campbell, S. Cao, S. L. Cartwright, M. G. Catanesi, A. Cervera, A. Chappell, C. Checchia, D. Cherdack, N. Chikuma, G. Christodoulou, M. Cicerchia, J. Coleman, G. Collazuol, L. Cook, D. Coplowe, A. Cudd, A. Dabrowska, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, P. F. Denner, S. R. Dennis, C. Densham, F. Di Lodovico, N. Dokania, S. Dolan, T. A. Doyle, O. Drapier, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, A. Eguchi, L. Eklund, S. Emery-Schrenk, A. Ereditato, P. Fernandez, T. Feusels, A. J. Finch, G. A. Fiorentini, G. Fiorillo, C. Francois, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, R. Fujita, D. Fukuda, R. Fukuda, Y. Fukuda, K. Fusshoeller, C. Giganti, T. Golan, M. Gonin, A. Gorin, M. Guigue, D. R. Hadley, J. T. Haigh, P. Hamacher-Baumann, M. Hartz, T. Hasegawa, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, T. Hayashino, Y. Hayato, A. Hiramoto, M. Hogan, J. Holeczek, N. T. Hong Van, T. Honjo, F. Iacob, A. K. Ichikawa, M. Ikeda, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, M. Ishitsuka, K. Iwamoto, A. Izmaylov, N. Izumi, M. Jakkapu, B. Jamieson, S. J. Jenkins, C. Jesús-Valls, M. Jiang, S. Johnson, P. Jonsson, C. K. Jung, X. Junjie, P. B. Jurj, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, T. Kajita, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, D. Karlen, S. P. Kasetti, Y. Kataoka, Y. Katayama, T. Katori, Y. Kato, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, H. Kikutani, H. Kim, S. King, J. Kisiel, A. Knight, A. Knox, T. Kobata, T. Kobayashi, L. Koch, T. Koga, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, A. Kostin, K. Kowalik, H. Kubo, Y. Kudenko, N. Kukita, S. Kuribayashi, R. Kurjata, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, L. Labarga, J. Lagoda, M. Lamoureux, D. Last, M. Laveder, M. Lawe, M. Licciardi, T. Lindner, R. P. Litchfield, S. L. Liu, X. Li, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, X. Lu, T. Lux, L. N. Machado, L. Magaletti, K. Mahn, M. Malek, S. Manly, L. Maret, A. D. Marino, L. Marti-Magro, J. F. Martin, T. Maruyama, T. Matsubara, K. Matsushita, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. Mavrokoridis, E. Mazzucato, M. McCarthy, N. McCauley, J. McElwee, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. Mefodiev, C. Metelko, M. Mezzetto, A. Minamino, O. Mineev, S. Mine, M. Miura, L. Molina Bueno, S. Moriyama, J. Morrison, Th. A. Mueller, L. Munteanu, S. Murphy, Y. Nagai, T. Nakadaira, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, A. Nakamura, K. G. Nakamura, K. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Nakayoshi, C. Nantais, C. E. R. Naseby, T. V. Ngoc, K. Niewczas, K. Nishikawa, Y. Nishimura, E. Noah, T. S. Nonnenmacher, F. Nova, P. Novella, J. Nowak, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O’Keeffe, L. O’Sullivan, T. Odagawa, T. Ogawa, R. Okada, K. Okumura, T. Okusawa, S. M. Oser, R. A. Owen, Y. Oyama, V. Palladino, J. L. Palomino, V. Paolone, M. Pari, W. C. Parker, S. Parsa, J. Pasternak, P. Paudyal, M. Pavin, D. Payne, G. C. Penn, L. Pickering, C. Pidcott, G. Pintaudi, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, C. Pistillo, B. Popov, K. Porwit, M. Posiadala-Zezula, A. Pritchard, B. Quilain, T. Radermacher, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, P. N. Ratoff, E. Reinherz-Aronis, C. Riccio, E. Rondio, S. Roth, A. Rubbia, A. C. Ruggeri, C. A. Ruggles, A. Rychter, K. Sakashita, F. Sánchez, G. Santucci, C. M. Schloesser, K. Scholberg, J. Schwehr, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, D. Sgalaberna, R. Shah, A. Shaikhiev, F. Shaker, A. Shaykina, M. Shiozawa, W. Shorrock, A. Shvartsman, A. Smirnov, M. Smy, J. T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, F. J. P. Soler, Y. Sonoda, J. Steinmann, S. Suvorov, A. Suzuki, S. Y. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, A. A. Sztuc, M. Tada, M. Tajima, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, H. K. Tanaka, H. A. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, Y. Tanihara, M. Tani, N. Teshima, L. F. Thompson, W. Toki, C. Touramanis, T. Towstego, K. M. Tsui, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, M. Vagins, S. Valder, Z. Vallari, D. Vargas, G. Vasseur, C. Vilela, W. G. S. Vinning, T. Vladisavljevic, V. V. Volkov, T. Wachala, J. Walker, J. G. Walsh, Y. Wang, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, A. Weber, R. Wendell, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. R. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, K. Wood, C. Wret, Y. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, C. Yanagisawa, G. Yang, T. Yano, K. Yasutome, S. Yen, N. Yershov, M. Yokoyama, T. Yoshida, M. Yu, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, K. Zaremba, G. Zarnecki, M. Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos, and A. Zykova
Subjects: Other experiments, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The electron (anti-)neutrino component of the T2K neutrino beam constitutes the largest background in the measurement of electron (anti-)neutrino appearance at the far detector. The electron neutrino scattering is measured directly with the T2K off-axis near detector, ND280. The selection of the electron (anti-)neutrino events in the plastic scintillator target from both neutrino and anti-neutrino mode beams is discussed in this paper. The flux integrated single differential charged-current inclusive electron (anti-)neutrino cross-sections, dσ/dp and dσ/d cos(θ), and the total cross-sections in a limited phase-space in momentum and scattering angle (p > 300 MeV/c and θ ≤ 45°) are measured using a binned maximum likelihood fit and compared to the neutrino Monte Carlo generator predictions, resulting in good agreement.
Published: 2020
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5. Velocity independent constraints on spin-dependent DM-nucleon interactions from IceCube and PICO

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczynska, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, E. O’Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, P. Steinmüller, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stössl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, M. Zöcklein, IceCube Collaboration, C. Amole, M. Ardid, I. J. Arnquist, D. M. Asner, D. Baxter, E. Behnke, M. Bressler, B. Broerman, G. Cao, C. J. Chen, U. Chowdhury, K. Clark, J. I. Collar, P. S. Cooper, M. Crisler, G. Crowder, N. A. Cruz-Venegas, C. E. Dahl, M. Das, S. Fallows, J. Farine, I. Felis, R. Filgas, F. Girard, G. Giroux, J. Hall, C. Hardy, O. Harris, E. W. Hoppe, M. Jin, L. Klopfenstein, C. B. Krauss, M. Laurin, I. Lawson, A. Leblanc, I. Levine, W. H. Lippincott, F. Mamedov, D. Maurya, P. Mitra, C. Moore, T. Nania, R. Neilson, A. J. Noble, P. Oedekerk, A. Ortega, M.-C. Piro, A. Plante, R. Podviyanuk, S. Priya, A. E. Robinson, S. Sahoo, O. Scallon, S. Seth, A. Sonnenschein, N. Starinski, I. Štekl, T. Sullivan, F. Tardif, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, N. Walkowski, U. Wichoski, Y. Yan, V. Zacek, J. Zhang, and PICO Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Adopting the Standard Halo Model (SHM) of an isotropic Maxwellian velocity distribution for dark matter (DM) particles in the Galaxy, the most stringent current constraints on their spin-dependent scattering cross-section with nucleons come from the IceCube neutrino observatory and the PICO-60 $$\hbox {C}_3\hbox {F}_8$$ C 3 F 8 superheated bubble chamber experiments. The former is sensitive to high energy neutrinos from the self-annihilation of DM particles captured in the Sun, while the latter looks for nuclear recoil events from DM scattering off nucleons. Although slower DM particles are more likely to be captured by the Sun, the faster ones are more likely to be detected by PICO. Recent N-body simulations suggest significant deviations from the SHM for the smooth halo component of the DM, while observations hint at a dominant fraction of the local DM being in substructures. We use the method of Ferrer et al. (JCAP 1509: 052, 2015) to exploit the complementarity between the two approaches and derive conservative constraints on DM-nucleon scattering. Our results constrain $$\sigma _{\mathrm{SD}} \lesssim 3 \times 10^{-39} \mathrm {cm}^2$$ σ SD ≲ 3 × 10 - 39 cm 2 ( $$6 \times 10^{-38} \mathrm {cm}^2$$ 6 × 10 - 38 cm 2 ) at $$\gtrsim 90\%$$ ≳ 90 % C.L. for a DM particle of mass 1 TeV annihilating into $$\tau ^+ \tau ^-$$ τ + τ - ( $$b\bar{b}$$ b b ¯ ) with a local density of $$\rho _{\mathrm{DM}} = 0.3~\mathrm {GeV/cm}^3$$ ρ DM = 0.3 GeV / cm 3 . The constraints scale inversely with $$\rho _{\mathrm{DM}}$$ ρ DM and are independent of the DM velocity distribution.
Published: 2020
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6. Development of an analysis to probe the neutrino mass ordering with atmospheric neutrinos using three years of IceCube DeepCore data

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, S. Böser, O. Botner, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, K. Clark, L. Classen, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, J. J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, M. Moulai, R. Nagai, R. Nahnhauer, P. Nakarmi, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, E. O’Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, S. Söldner-Rembold, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, S. Wren, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and T. Yuan
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO) remains one of the outstanding questions in the field of neutrino physics. One strategy to measure the NMO is to observe matter effects in the oscillation pattern of atmospheric neutrinos above $$\sim 1\,\mathrm {GeV}$$ ∼1GeV , as proposed for several next-generation neutrino experiments. Moreover, the existing IceCube DeepCore detector can already explore this type of measurement. We present the development and application of two independent analyses to search for the signature of the NMO with three years of DeepCore data. These analyses include a full treatment of systematic uncertainties and a statistically-rigorous method to determine the significance for the NMO from a fit to the data. Both analyses show that the dataset is fully compatible with both mass orderings. For the more sensitive analysis, we observe a preference for normal ordering with a p-value of $$p_\mathrm {IO} = 15.3\%$$ pIO=15.3% and $$\mathrm {CL}_\mathrm {s}=53.3\%$$ CLs=53.3% for the inverted ordering hypothesis, while the experimental results from both analyses are consistent within their uncertainties. Since the result is independent of the value of $$\delta _\mathrm {CP}$$ δCP and obtained from energies $$E_\nu \gtrsim 5\,\mathrm {GeV}$$ Eν≳5GeV , it is complementary to recent results from long-baseline experiments. These analyses set the groundwork for the future of this measurement with more capable detectors, such as the IceCube Upgrade and the proposed PINGU detector.
Published: 2020
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7. IceCube Search for Neutrinos Coincident with Gravitational Wave Events from LIGO/Virgo Run O3

Author: R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, N. Aggarwal, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, J. M. Alameddine, A. A. Alves Jr., N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Asali, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, I. Bartos, S. W. Barwick, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. Benda, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book, J. Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, B. Brinson, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. A. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, S. T. Countryman, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado López, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, S. Griswold, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, F. Henningsen, L. Heuermann, S. Hickford, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, K. Hoshina, W. Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K. Kin, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, E. Krupczak, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. Love, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, I. C. Mariş, S. Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, Y. Merckx, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, L. Peters, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, B. Schlueter, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, A. C. Silva Oliveira, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Sogaard, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, A. G. Sullivan, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, W. G. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, C. F. Tung, R. Turcotte, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, K. Upshaw, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, C. Walck, W. Wang, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, and The IceCube Collaboration
Subjects: Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino telescopes, Gravitational waves, Multi-messenger Astrophysics, Gravitational wave astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Using data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, we searched for high-energy neutrino emission from the gravitational-wave events detected by the advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors during their third observing run. We did a low-latency follow-up on the public candidate events released during the detectors’ third observing run and an archival search on the 80 confident events reported in the GWTC-2.1 and GWTC-3 catalogs. An extended search was also conducted for neutrino emission on longer timescales from neutron star containing mergers. Follow-up searches on the candidate optical counterpart of GW190521 were also conducted. We used two methods; an unbinned maximum likelihood analysis and a Bayesian analysis using astrophysical priors, both of which were previously used to search for high-energy neutrino emission from gravitational-wave events. No significant neutrino emission was observed by any analysis, and upper limits were placed on the time-integrated neutrino flux as well as the total isotropic equivalent energy emitted in high-energy neutrinos.
Published: 2023
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8. Search for steady point-like sources in the astrophysical muon neutrino flux with 8 years of IceCube data

Author: IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Barbano, J. P. Barron, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, S. Böser, O. Botner, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, K. Clark, L. Classen, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, P. Kalaczynski, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, K. Leonard, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, M. Moulai, R. Nagai, R. Nahnhauer, P. Nakarmi, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, E. O’Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, M. N. Tobin, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, F. D. Wandler, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and T. Yuan
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The IceCube Collaboration has observed a high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux and recently found evidence for neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506$$+$$ + 056. These results open a new window into the high-energy universe. However, the source or sources of most of the observed flux of astrophysical neutrinos remains uncertain. Here, a search for steady point-like neutrino sources is performed using an unbinned likelihood analysis. The method searches for a spatial accumulation of muon-neutrino events using the very high-statistics sample of about 497,000 neutrinos recorded by IceCube between 2009 and 2017. The median angular resolution is $$\sim 1^\circ $$ ∼1∘ at 1 TeV and improves to $$\sim 0.3^\circ $$ ∼0.3∘ for neutrinos with an energy of 1 PeV. Compared to previous analyses, this search is optimized for point-like neutrino emission with the same flux-characteristics as the observed astrophysical muon-neutrino flux and introduces an improved event-reconstruction and parametrization of the background. The result is an improvement in sensitivity to the muon-neutrino flux compared to the previous analysis of $$\sim 35\%$$ ∼35% assuming an $$E^{-2}$$ E-2 spectrum. The sensitivity on the muon-neutrino flux is at a level of $$E^2 \mathrm {d} N /\mathrm {d} E = 3\cdot 10^{-13}\,\mathrm {TeV}\,\mathrm {cm}^{-2}\,\mathrm {s}^{-1}$$ E2dN/dE=3·10-13TeVcm-2s-1 . No new evidence for neutrino sources is found in a full sky scan and in an a priori candidate source list that is motivated by gamma-ray observations. Furthermore, no significant excesses above background are found from populations of sub-threshold sources. The implications of the non-observation for potential source classes are discussed.
Published: 2019
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9. Erratum to: Search for annihilating dark matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, A. Bernhard, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, M. Bissok, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Braun, L. Brayeur, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, A. Burgman, T. Carver, M. Casier, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, A. Christov, K. Clark, L. Classen, S. Coenders, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, E. del Pino Rosendo, H. Dembinski, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Feintzeig, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, S. Flis, C.-C. Fösig, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, L. Gladstone, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, E. Hansen, T. Hansmann, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, S. In, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, W. Kang, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, G. Kohnen, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, R. Konietz, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, C. Krüger, J. Kunnen, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, D. Lennarz, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, S. Mancina, M. Mandelartz, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, A. Meli, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, T. Montaruli, M. Moulai, R. Nahnhauer, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, Ö. Penek, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, M. Quinnan, C. Raab, L. Rädel, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Relich, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, L. Sabbatini, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, R. Ström, N. L. Strotjohann, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, J. Tatar, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, G. Tešić, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, A. Turcati, E. Unger, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, M. van Rossem, J. van Santen, M. Vehring, M. Voge, E. Vogel, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, Ch. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, S. Wickmann, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and M. Zoll
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: In the analysis published in 1, constraints on the number of signal events can be interpreted as constraints on the volumetric neutrino to muon conversion rate.
Published: 2019
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10. Search for neutrinos from decaying dark matter with IceCube

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, I. Al Samarai, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, J. P. Barron, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, S. Böser, O. Botner, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, M. Brenzke, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, A. Christov, K. Clark, L. Classen, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, S. Flis, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, P. Kalaczynski, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, J. P. Koschinsky, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, K. Leonard, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, S. Mancina, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, M. Moulai, R. Nahnhauer, P. Nakarmi, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, E. O’Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, M. Plum, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, L. Rädel, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Relich, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, J. Tatar, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, F. D. Wandler, N. Wandkowsky, A. Waza, C. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and T. Yuan
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract With the observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, interest has risen in models of PeV-mass decaying dark matter particles to explain the observed flux. We present two dedicated experimental analyses to test this hypothesis. One analysis uses 6 years of IceCube data focusing on muon neutrino ‘track’ events from the Northern Hemisphere, while the second analysis uses 2 years of ‘cascade’ events from the full sky. Known background components and the hypothetical flux from unstable dark matter are fitted to the experimental data. Since no significant excess is observed in either analysis, lower limits on the lifetime of dark matter particles are derived: we obtain the strongest constraint to date, excluding lifetimes shorter than $$10^{28}\hbox { s}$$ 1028s at 90% CL for dark matter masses above $$10~\hbox {TeV}$$ 10TeV .
Published: 2018
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11. Measurement of the $$\nu _{\mu }$$ νμ energy spectrum with IceCube-79

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, I. Al Samarai, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, L. Brayeur, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, A. Burgman, T. Carver, M. Casier, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, A. Christov, K. Clark, L. Classen, S. Coenders, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, E. del Pino Rosendo, H. Dembinski, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Feintzeig, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, S. Flis, C.-C. Fösig, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, L. Gladstone, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, E. Hansen, T. Hansmann, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, S. In, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, W. Kang, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, G. Kohnen, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, R. Konietz, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, C. Krüger, J. Kunnen, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, D. Lennarz, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, S. Mancina, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, M. Moulai, R. Nahnhauer, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, Ö. Penek, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, M. Quinnan, C. Raab, L. Rädel, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Relich, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, L. Sabbatini, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, R. Ström, N. L. Strotjohann, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, J. Tatar, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, G. Tešić, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, E. Unger, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, M. van Rossem, J. van Santen, M. Vehring, M. Voge, E. Vogel, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, A. Waza, Ch. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, S. Wickmann, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and M. Zoll
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract IceCube is a neutrino observatory deployed in the glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. The $$\nu _\mu $$ νμ energy unfolding described in this paper is based on data taken with IceCube in its 79-string configuration. A sample of muon neutrino charged-current interactions with a purity of 99.5% was selected by means of a multivariate classification process based on machine learning. The subsequent unfolding was performed using the software Truee. The resulting spectrum covers an E$$_\nu $$ ν -range of more than four orders of magnitude from 125 GeV to 3.2 PeV. Compared to the Honda atmospheric neutrino flux model, the energy spectrum shows an excess of more than $$1.9\,\sigma $$ 1.9σ in four adjacent bins for neutrino energies $$E_\nu \ge 177.8\,\text {TeV}$$ Eν≥177.8TeV . The obtained spectrum is fully compatible with previous measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux and recent IceCube measurements of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.
Published: 2017
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12. Search for neutrinos from dark matter self-annihilations in the center of the Milky Way with 3 years of IceCube/DeepCore

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, I. Al Samarai, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, J. P. Barron, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, L. Brayeur, M. Brenzke, H. -P. Bretz, S. Bron, A. Burgman, T. Carver, J. Casey, M. Casier, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, A. Christov, K. Clark, L. Classen, S. Coenders, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, S. Flis, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, S. In, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, P. Kalacynski, W. Kang, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, G. Kohnen, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, J. P. Koschinsky, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, J. Kunnen, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, D. Lennarz, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, S. Mancina, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, M. Moulai, R. Nahnhauer, P. Nakarmi, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, M. Plum, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, L. Rädel, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Relich, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, T. Sälzer, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, J. Tatar, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, G. Tešić, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vehring, E. Vogel, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, F. D. Wandler, N. Wandkowsky, A. Waza, C. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, S. Wickmann, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and M. Zoll
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We present a search for a neutrino signal from dark matter self-annihilations in the Milky Way using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (IceCube). In 1005 days of data we found no significant excess of neutrinos over the background of neutrinos produced in atmospheric air showers from cosmic ray interactions. We derive upper limits on the velocity averaged product of the dark matter self-annihilation cross section and the relative velocity of the dark matter particles $$\langle \sigma _{\text {A}}v\rangle $$ ⟨ σ A v ⟩ . Upper limits are set for dark matter particle candidate masses ranging from 10 GeV up to 1 TeV while considering annihilation through multiple channels. This work sets the most stringent limit on a neutrino signal from dark matter with mass between 10 and 100 GeV, with a limit of $$1.18\cdot 10^{-23}\text { cm}^3\text {s}^{-1}$$ 1.18 · 10 - 23 cm 3 s - 1 for 100 GeV dark matter particles self-annihilating via $$\tau ^+\tau ^-$$ τ + τ - to neutrinos (assuming the Navarro–Frenk–White dark matter halo profile).
Published: 2017
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13. Search for annihilating dark matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, A. Bernhard, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, M. Bissok, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Braun, L. Brayeur, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, A. Burgman, T. Carver, M. Casier, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, A. Christov, K. Clark, L. Classen, S. Coenders, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, E. del Pino Rosendo, H. Dembinski, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Feintzeig, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, S. Flis, C.-C. Fösig, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, L. Gladstone, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, E. Hansen, T. Hansmann, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, S. In, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, W. Kang, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, G. Kohnen, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, R. Konietz, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, C. Krüger, J. Kunnen, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, D. Lennarz, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, S. Mancina, M. Mandelartz, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, A. Meli, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, T. Montaruli, M. Moulai, R. Nahnhauer, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, Ö. Penek, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, M. Quinnan, C. Raab, L. Rädel, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Relich, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, L. Sabbatini, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, R. Ström, N. L. Strotjohann, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, J. Tatar, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, G. Tešić, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, A. Turcati, E. Unger, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, M. van Rossem, J. van Santen, M. Vehring, M. Voge, E. Vogel, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, Ch. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, S. Wickmann, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and M. Zoll
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We present results from an analysis looking for dark matter annihilation in the Sun with the IceCube neutrino telescope. Gravitationally trapped dark matter in the Sun’s core can annihilate into Standard Model particles making the Sun a source of GeV neutrinos. IceCube is able to detect neutrinos with energies >100 GeV while its low-energy infill array DeepCore extends this to >10 GeV. This analysis uses data gathered in the austral winters between May 2011 and May 2014, corresponding to 532 days of livetime when the Sun, being below the horizon, is a source of up-going neutrino events, easiest to discriminate against the dominant background of atmospheric muons. The sensitivity is a factor of two to four better than previous searches due to additional statistics and improved analysis methods involving better background rejection and reconstructions. The resultant upper limits on the spin-dependent dark matter-proton scattering cross section reach down to $$1.46\times 10^{-5}$$ 1.46×10-5 pb for a dark matter particle of mass 500 GeV annihilating exclusively into $$\tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$$ τ+τ- particles. These are currently the most stringent limits on the spin-dependent dark matter-proton scattering cross section for WIMP masses above 50 GeV.
Published: 2017
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14. Search for Multimessenger Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-energy Neutrinos with Advanced LIGO during Its First Observing Run, ANTARES, and IceCube

Author: A. Albert, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, M. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, T. Avgitas, B. Baret, J. Barrios-Martí, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, R. Bormuth, J. Boumaaza, S. Bourret, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, S. Celli, M. Chabab, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer, R. Coniglione, H. Costantini, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, R. Donà, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, I. El Bojaddaini, N. El Khayati, D. Elsässer, A. Enzenhöfer, A. Ettahiri, F. Fassi, I. Felis, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, L. Fusco, P. Gay, H. Glotin, T. Grégoire, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A. J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, G. Illuminati, M. de Jong, M. Jongen, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N. R. Khan-Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, C. Lachaud, R. Lahmann, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lotze, S. Loucatos, G. Maggi, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Martínez-Mora, R. Mele, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, S. Navas, E. Nezri, A. Nuñez, M. Organokov, G. E. Păvălaş, C. Pellegrino, P. Piattelli, V. Popa, T. Pradier, L. Quinn, C. Racca, N. Randazzo, G. Riccobene, A. Sánchez-Losa, M. Saldaña, I. Salvadori, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, A. Trovato, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, D. Zaborov, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, ANTARES collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Barbano, J. P. Barron, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, S. Böser, O. Botner, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, M. Brenzke, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, K. Clark, L. Classen, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, P. Kalaczynski, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, A. Karle, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, J. P. Koschinsky, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, K. Leonard, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, M. Moulai, R. Nagai, R. Nahnhauer, P. Nakarmi, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, E. O’Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, F. D. Wandler, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, A. Waza, C. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, IceCube Collaboration, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. 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Fays, M. Fazio, C. Fee, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, F. Feng, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, T. A. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, J. M. Fishner, M. Fitz-Axen, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, E. Flynn, H. Fong, J. A. Font, P. W. F. Forsyth, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S. M. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, M. R. Ganija, S. G. Gaonkar, A. Garcia, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, D. George, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, G. Giordano, L. Glover, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, B. Goncharov, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, E. M. Gretarsson, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, G. M. Guidi, H. K. Gulati, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, M. K. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, L. Haegel, O. Halim, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, O. A. Hannuksela, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, A. W. Heptonstall, F. J. Hernandez, M. Heurs, S. Hild, T. Hinderer, D. Hoak, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, A. M. Holgado, N. A. Holland, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, C. Horst, J. Hough, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, A. Hreibi, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, M. Hulko, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, C. Ingram, R. Inta, G. Intini, B. Irwin, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, K. Jani, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, A. C. Jenkins, J. Jiang, D. S. Johnson, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J. Junker, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. J. Kapadia, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, K. Kawabe, N. V. Keerthana, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, H. Khan, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, J. C. Kim, K. Kim, W. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, E. J. King, P. J. King, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, L. Kleybolte, J. H. Klika, S. Klimenko, T. D. Knowles, P. Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, G. Koekoek, S. Koley, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, V. Kringel, N. Krishnendu, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kumar, L. Kuo, A. Kutynia, S. Kwang, B. D. Lackey, K. H. Lai, T. L. Lam, M. Landry, B. B. Lane, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R. K. Lanza, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, Y. K. Lecoeuche, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lenon, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, J. Li, K. J. L. Li, T. G. F. Li, X. Li, F. Lin, F. Linde, S. D. Linker, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, X. Liu, R. K. L. Lo, N. A. Lockerbie, L. T. London, A. Longo, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, M. E. Lower, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, R. Macas, S. Macfoy, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, A. Macquet, F. Magaña-Sandoval, L. Magaña Zertuche, R. M. Magee, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, D. V. Martynov, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, S. C. McGuire, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, J. Meidam, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, H. Miao, C. Michel, H. Middleton, E. E. Mikhailov, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. C. Mills, M. C. Milovich-Goff, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, A. Mishkin, C. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, G. Mo, D. Moffa, K. Mogushi, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, S. Morisaki, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, M. Muratore, P. G. Murray, I. Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, K. Y. Ng, S. Ng, P. Nguyen, D. Nichols, S. Nissanke, F. Nocera, C. North, L. K. Nuttall, M. Obergaulinger, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, G. D. O’Dea, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, M. Oliver, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, S. Ossokine, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, M. A. Page, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal-Singh, Huang-Wei Pan, B. Pang, P. T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Parida, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patil, B. Patricelli, B. L. Pearlstone, C. Pedersen, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, A. Pele, S. Penn, C. J. Perez, A. Perreca, H. P. Pfeiffer, M. Phelps, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, M. Pirello, M. Pitkin, R. Poggiani, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, J. Powell, A. K. Prajapati, J. Prasad, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, T. Prestegard, S. Privitera, G. A. Prodi, L. G. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, P. J. Quinonez, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, H. Radkins, N. Radulescu, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, B. Rajbhandari, M. Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, Javed Rana, K. Rao, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, W. Ren, F. Ricci, C. J. Richardson, J. W. Richardson, P. M. Ricker, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie, K. Rose, D. Rosińska, S. G. Rosofsky, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, G. Rutins, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, M. Sakellariadou, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, E. J. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, K. A. Santiago, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, P. R. Saulson, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, P. Schale, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, F. Schiettekatte, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, S. G. Schwalbe, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, E. Seidel, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, N. Sennett, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, M. B. Shaner, L. Shao, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, H. Shen, R. Shink, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, K. Siellez, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A. D. Silva, L. P. Singer, N. Singh, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, S. Sitmukhambetov, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, S. Somala, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, F. Sorrentino, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, A. P. Spencer, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, M. Standke, D. A. Steer, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, S. P. Stevenson, D. Stocks, R. Stone, D. J. Stops, K. A. Strain, G. Stratta, S. E. Strigin, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, V. Sudhir, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, S. Sunil, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, S. C. Tait, C. Talbot, D. Talukder, D. B. Tanner, M. Tápai, A. Taracchini, J. D. Tasson, R. Taylor, F. Thies, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. Toland, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. C. Tringali, L. Trozzo, R. Trudeau, K. W. Tsang, M. Tse, R. Tso, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, D. Tuyenbayev, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, S. A. Usman, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, V. Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, R. Walet, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, Y. F. Wang, R. L. Ward, Z. A. Warden, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, E. K. Wessel, P. Weßels, J. W. Westhouse, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. M. Wilken, D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, L. Yang, M. J. Yap, M. Yazback, D. W. Yeeles, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, S. H. R. Yuen, M. Yvert, A. K. Zadrozny, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration
Subjects: gravitational waves, neutrinos, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves, such as binary neutron star and black hole mergers or core-collapse supernovae, can drive relativistic outflows, giving rise to non-thermal high-energy emission. High-energy neutrinos are signatures of such outflows. The detection of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from common sources could help establish the connection between the dynamics of the progenitor and the properties of the outflow. We searched for associated emission of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical transients with minimal assumptions using data from Advanced LIGO from its first observing run O1, and data from the A ntares and IceCube neutrino observatories from the same time period. We focused on candidate events whose astrophysical origins could not be determined from a single messenger. We found no significant coincident candidate, which we used to constrain the rate density of astrophysical sources dependent on their gravitational-wave and neutrino emission processes.
Published: 2019
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15. ClimeApp: data processing tool for monthly, global climate data from the ModE-RA palaeo-reanalysis, 1422 to 2008 CE

Author: R. Warren, N. E. Bartlome, N. Wellinger, J. Franke, R. Hand, S. Brönnimann, and H. Huhtamaa
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: ClimeApp is a newly developed web-based processing tool for the state-of-the-art ModE-RA palaeo-climate reanalysis. It presents temperature, precipitation and pressure reconstructions with global coverage and monthly resolution for the period 1422 to 2008 CE. These can be visualized as maps or time series and are compared with historical or other climate-related information through composite, correlation and regression functions. ClimeApp allows access to three data sets: (1) ModE-RA, a reanalysis that is created by assimilating early instrumental documentary and proxy data into an ensemble of climate model simulations; (2) ModE-Sim, the native version of the underlying ensemble simulations, i.e. prior to data assimilation; and (3) ModE-RAclim, an alternative version of the reanalysis product. Together, these allow researchers to separate the effects of model simulations and observations on the reanalysis. The app is designed to allow quick data processing for climatologists and easy use for non-climatologists. Specifically, it aims to help bring climate into the humanities, where climatological data still have huge potential to advance research. This paper outlines the development, processing and applications of ClimeApp and presents an updated analysis of the calamitous Tambora volcanic eruption and the 1816 “year without a summer” in Europe, using the new ModE data sets. ClimeApp is available at https://mode-ra.unibe.ch/climeapp/ (last access: 25 October 2024).
Published: 2024
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16. Dynamical downscaling and data assimilation for a cold-air outbreak in the European Alps during the Year Without a Summer of 1816

Author: P. Stucki, L. Pfister, Y. Brugnara, R. Varga, C. Hari, and S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: The “Year Without a Summer” in 1816 was characterized by extraordinarily cold and wet periods in central Europe, and it was associated with severe crop failures, famine, and socio-economic disruptions. From a modern perspective, and beyond its tragic consequences, the summer of 1816 represents a rare opportunity to analyze the adverse weather (and its impacts) after a major volcanic eruption. However, given the distant past, obtaining the high-resolution data needed for such studies is a challenge. In our approach, we use dynamical downscaling, in combination with 3D variational data assimilation of early instrumental observations, for assessing a cold-air outbreak in early June 1816. We find that the cold spell is well represented in the coarse-resolution 20th Century Reanalysis product which is used for initializing the regional Weather Research and Forecasting Model. Our downscaling simulations (including a 19th century land use scheme) reproduce and explain meteorological processes well at regional to local scales, such as a foehn wind situation over the Alps with much lower temperatures on its northern side. Simulated weather variables, such as cloud cover or rainy days, are simulated in good agreement with (eye) observations and (independent) measurements, with small differences between the simulations with and without data assimilation. However, validations with partly independent station data show that simulations with assimilated pressure and temperature measurements are closer to the observations, e.g., regarding temperatures during the coldest night, for which snowfall as low as the Swiss Plateau was reported, followed by a rapid pressure increase thereafter. General improvements from data assimilation are also evident in simple quantitative analyses of temperature and pressure. In turn, data assimilation requires careful selection, preprocessing, and bias-adjustment of the underlying observations. Our findings underline the great value of digitizing efforts of early instrumental data and provide novel opportunities to learn from extreme weather and climate events as far back as 200 years or more.
Published: 2024
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17. The weather of 1740, the coldest year in central Europe in 600 years

Author: S. Brönnimann, J. Filipiak, S. Chen, and L. Pfister
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: The winter of 1739/40 is known as one of the coldest winters in Europe since early instrumental measurements began. Many contemporary sources discuss the cold waves and compare the winter to that of 1708/09. It is less well known that the year 1740 remained cold until August and was again cold in October and that negative temperature anomalies were also found over Eurasia and North America. The 1739/40 cold season over northern mid-latitude land areas was perhaps the coldest in 300 years, and 1740 was the coldest year in central Europe in 600 years. New monthly global climate reconstructions allow us to address this momentous event in greater detail, while daily observations and weather reconstructions give insight into the synoptic situations. Over Europe, we find that the event was initiated by a strong Scandinavian blocking in early January, allowing the advection of continental cold air. From February until June, high pressure dominated over Ireland, arguably associated with frequent eastern Atlantic blocking. This led to cold-air advection from the cold northern North Atlantic. During the summer, cyclonic weather dominated over central Europe, associated with cold and wet air from the Atlantic. The possible role of oceanic influences (El Niño) and external forcings (eruption of Mount Tarumae in 1739) are discussed. While a possible El Niño event might have contributed to the winter cold spells, the eastern Atlantic blocking is arguably unrelated to either El Niño or the volcanic eruption. All in all, the cold year of 1740 marks one of the strongest, arguably unforced excursions in European temperature.
Published: 2024
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18. Superconducting dome and pseudogap endpoint in Bi2201

Author: M. Berben, S. Smit, C. Duffy, Y.-T. Hsu, L. Bawden, F. Heringa, F. Gerritsen, S. Cassanelli, X. Feng, S. Bron, E. van Heumen, Y. Huang, F. Bertran, T. K. Kim, C. Cacho, A. Carrington, M. S. Golden, N. E. Hussey, WZI (IoP, FNWI), IoP (FNWI), IoP Other Research, Hard Condensed Matter (WZI, IoP, FNWI), and AIHR (FGw)
Subjects: HFML - High Field Magnet Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Correlated Electron Systems, General Materials Science
Abstract: Once doped away from their parent Mott insulating state, the hole-doped cuprates enter into many varied and exotic phases. The onset temperature of each phase is then plotted versus p-the number of doped holes per copper atom - to form a representative phase diagram. Apart from differences in the absolute temperature scales among the various families, the resultant phase diagrams are strikingly similar. In particular, the p values corresponding to optimal doping (popt ~ 0.16) and to the end of the pseudogap phase (p* ~ 0.19-0.20) are essentially the same for all cuprate families bar one: the single-layer Bi-based cuprate Bi2+z-yPbySr2-x-zLaxCuO6+d (Bi2201). This anomaly arises partly due to the complex stoichiometry of this material and also to the different p values inferred from disparate (e.g., bulk or surface) measurements performed on samples with comparable superconducting transition temperatures Tc. Here, by combining measurements of the in-plane resistivity in zero and high magnetic fields with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies in the superconducting and normal state, we argue that the phase diagram of Bi2201 may in fact be similar to that realized in other families. This study therefore brings Bi2201 into the fold and supports the notion of universality of popt and p* in all hole-doped cuprates.
Published: 2022
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19. Search for High-energy Neutrino Emission from Galactic X-Ray Binaries with IceCube

Author: R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, J. M. Alameddine, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. Benda, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, M. Boddenberg, F. Bontempo, J. Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, B. Brinson, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, S. Browne, A. Burgman, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado López, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, S. Griswold, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, E. C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, E. Krupczak, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, S. McCarthy, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L. V. Nguyễn, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, L. Peters, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, S. Pieper, M. Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, R. Reimann, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Veitch-Michaelis, S. Verpoest, C. Walck, W. Wang, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, Vriendenkring VUB, Elementary Particle Physics, and Physics
Subjects: interaction [cosmic radiation], pole, 330, High-Energy Phenomena and Fundamental Physics, cosmic radiation: interaction, neutrino: flux, MICROQUASAR, IceCube, Subatomär fysik, star, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Subatomic Physics, site, ABSORPTION, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, binary [X-ray], detector [neutrino], neutrino: potential, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, CATALOG, ddc, neutrino: detector, LIGHT, acceleration [cosmic radiation], X-ray: binary, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FLUX, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gas, quasar, ddc:530, cosmic radiation: acceleration, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ANTARES, CONSTRAINTS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, flux [neutrino], sensitivity, GALAXY, Physics and Astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, atmosphere, JETS, ddc:520, time dependence, galaxy, potential [neutrino]
Abstract: The astrophysical journal / 2 930, L24 (2022). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac67d8, We present the first comprehensive search for high-energy neutrino emission from high- and low-mass X-ray binaries conducted by IceCube. Galactic X-ray binaries are long-standing candidates for the source of Galactic hadronic cosmic rays and neutrinos. The compact object in these systems can be the site of cosmic-ray acceleration, and neutrinos can be produced by interactions of cosmic rays with radiation or gas, in the jet of a microquasar, in the stellar wind, or in the atmosphere of the companion star. We study X-ray binaries using 7.5 yr of IceCube data with three separate analyses. In the first, we search for periodic neutrino emission from 55 binaries in the Northern Sky with known orbital periods. In the second, the X-ray light curves of 102 binaries across the entire sky are used as templates to search for time-dependent neutrino emission. Finally, we search for time-integrated emission of neutrinos for a list of 4 notable binaries identified as microquasars. In the absence of a significant excess, we place upper limits on the neutrino flux for each hypothesis and compare our results with theoretical predictions for several binaries. In addition, we evaluate the sensitivity of the next generation neutrino telescope at the South Pole, IceCube-Gen2, and demonstrate its power to identify potential neutrino emission from these binary sources in the Galaxy., Published by Institute of Physics Publ., London
Published: 2022
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20. 600 years of wine must quality and April to August temperatures in western Europe 1420–2019

Author: C. Pfister, S. Brönnimann, A. Altwegg, R. Brázdil, L. Litzenburger, D. Lorusso, and T. Pliemon
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: This study investigates the validity of wine must quality as an April-to-August temperature proxy between 1420 and 2019 based on expert ratings and quality measurements from Germany, Luxembourg, eastern France, and the Swiss Plateau. This is highly relevant as uncertainties remain on past climate variations during this period. The evidence was reviewed according to the best practice of historical climatology. Expert ratings tended to agree with Oechsle density measurements that gradually replaced them from the 1840s. A statistical model calibrated to predict wine must quality from climate data explains 75 % of the variance, underlining the potential value of wine must quality as a climate proxy. Premium crops were collected in years of early harvest involving high insolation during maturation, while poor crops resulted from very late harvests in cold and wet summers. An analysis of daily weather types for high- and low-quality years after 1763 shows marked differences. On a decadal timescale, the average quality was highest from 1470 to 1479, from 1536 to 1545, and from 1945 to 1954. Poor crops were collected in periods with prevailing cold and wet summers such as 1453 to 1466, 1485 to 1494, 1585 to 1614, 1685 to 1703, 1812 to 1821, and 1876 to 1936. In the period of enhanced warming after 1990, high quality became the rule.
Published: 2024
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21. Early 20th century Southern Hemisphere cooling

Author: S. Brönnimann, Y. Brugnara, and C. Wilkinson
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Global surface air temperature increased by ca. 0.5 °C from the 1900s to the mid-1940s, also known as Early 20th Century Warming (ETCW). However, the ETCW started from a particularly cold phase, peaking in 1908–1911. The cold phase was global but more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere and most pronounced in the Southern Ocean, raising the question of whether uncertainties in the data might play a role. Here we analyse this period based on reanalysis data and reconstructions, complemented with newly digitised ship data from 1903–1916, as well as land observations. The cooling is seen consistently in different data sets, though with some differences. Results suggest that the cooling was related to a La-Niña-like pattern in the Pacific, a cold tropical and subtropical South Atlantic, a cold extratropical South Pacific, and cool southern midlatitude land areas. The Southern Annular Mode was positive, with a strengthened Amundsen–Bellingshausen seas low, although the spread of the data products is considerable. All results point to a real climatic phenomenon as the cause of this anomaly and not a data artefact. Atmospheric model simulations are able to reproduce temperature and pressure patterns, consistent with a real and perhaps ocean-forced signal. Together with two volcanic eruptions just before and after the 1908–1911 period, the early 1900s provided a cold start into the ETCW.
Published: 2024
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22. Search for multi-flare neutrino emissions in 10 yr of IceCube data from a catalog of sources

Author: R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, R. An, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, M. Boddenberg, F. Bontempo, J. Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, S. Browne, A. Burgman, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, A. R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Günther, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, E. C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L. V. Nguyễn, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, L. Peters, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, M. Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, R. Reimann, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Vriendenkring VUB
Subjects: BLAZAR TXS 0506+056, High-energy astronomy, Population, M87, FOS: Physical sciences, Binomial test, Astrophysics, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 01 natural sciences, ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, COINCIDENT, education.field_of_study, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MODEL, Physics and Astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, JETS, Neutrino, Neutrino astronomy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare
Abstract: A recent time-integrated analysis of a catalog of 110 candidate neutrino sources revealed a cumulative neutrino excess in the data collected by IceCube between April 6, 2008 and July 10, 2018. This excess, inconsistent with the background hypothesis in the Northern hemisphere at the $3.3~\sigma$ level, is associated with four sources: NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240 and GB6 J1542+6129. This letter presents two time-dependent neutrino emission searches on the same data sample and catalog: a point-source search that looks for the most significant time-dependent source of the catalog by combining space, energy and time information of the events, and a population test based on binomial statistics that looks for a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess from a subset of sources. Compared to previous time-dependent searches, these analyses enable a feature to possibly find multiple flares from a single direction with an unbinned maximum-likelihood method. M87 is found to be the most significant time-dependent source of this catalog at the level of $1.7~\sigma$ post-trial, and TXS 0506+056 is the only source for which two flares are reconstructed. The binomial test reports a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess in the Northern hemisphere at the level of $3.0~\sigma$ associated with four sources: M87, TXS 0506+056, GB6 J1542+6129 and NGC 1068.
Published: 2021

23. Extreme springs in Switzerland since 1763 in climate and phenological indices

Author: N. Imfeld, K. Hufkens, and S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Historical sources report manifold on hazardous past climate and weather events that had considerable impacts on society. Studying changes in the occurrence or mechanisms behind such events is, however, hampered by a lack of spatially and temporally complete weather data. In particular, the spring season has received less attention in comparison to summer and winter but is nevertheless relevant, since weather conditions in spring can delay vegetation and create substantial damage due to late-frost events. For Switzerland, we created a daily high-resolution (1 × 1 km2) reconstruction of temperature and precipitation fields from 1763 to 1960 that forms, together with present-day meteorological fields, a 258-year-long gridded data set. With this data set, we study changes in long-term climate and historical weather events based on climate and phenological indices focusing on the spring season. Climate and phenological indices show few changes in the mean during the first 200 years compared to the most recent period from 1991 to 2020, where climate change signals clearly emerged in many indices. We evaluate the climate and phenological indices for three cases of extreme spring weather conditions: an unusually warm spring, two late-frost events, and three cold springs. Warm springs are much more frequent in the 21st century, but a very warm and early spring also occurred in 1862. Spring temperatures, however, do not agree on how anomalously warm the spring was when comparing the Swiss temperature reconstruction with reanalyses that extend back to 1868. The three springs of 1785, 1837, and 1853 were particularly cold, with historical sources reporting, for example, prolonged lake freezing and abundant snowfall. Whereas the springs of 1837 and 1853 were characterized by cold and wet conditions, in the spring of 1785 wet days were below average, and frost days reached an all-time maximum, in particular in the Swiss Plateau, indicating inversion conditions. Such conditions are in line with a high occurrence of northeasterly and high-pressure weather types and historical sources describing Bise conditions, a regional wind in the Alpine area related to inversions. Studying such historical events is valuable, since similar atmospheric conditions can lead to cold springs affecting vegetation growth and agricultural production.
Published: 2024
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24. Species-specific and age-related migration strategies of three Acrocephalus warblers along the eastern European–African flyway

Author: K. Stępniewska, A. Ożarowska, G. Zaniewicz, P. Busse, S. Broński, M. Ilieva, P. Zehtindjiev, and W. Meissner
Subjects: Acrocephalus scirpaceus, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, flight range, ecological barrier, Trans-Saharan migrants, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: The species-specific and age-related autumn migration strategies of the sedge, reed and great reed warbler were investigated at stopover sites between central Europe and north-eastern Africa during autumn. Adult reed warblers accumulated larger fat reserves than juveniles and consequently were able to cover longer distances from most stopover sites. Juvenile sedge warblers, on the other hand, left Europe with significantly larger fat reserves than adults as opposed to the populations migrating along the western route. Both juvenile and adult great reed warblers were potentially able to make long flights without refuelling from the northern part of the Mediterranean region onwards. It was the proximity of large ecological barriers that had the most prominent influence on the potential flight distances of adult and juvenile Acrocephalus warblers during their southward migration. In reed and sedge warblers, the differences in mean flight distances covered by adults and juveniles were the largest (ca. 600 km) just before the crossing of the Mediterranean Sea, but smaller (ca. 200 and 400 km, respectively) in front of the Sahara Desert. Juvenile and adult great reed warblers were potentially able to cover 1660 km from Turkey, which was also supported by very low numbers of individuals caught at the Egyptian ringing sites. The results of this study carried out in the key regions of the eastern European–African flyway documented that migration strategies differed between adults and juveniles of three long-distance migrant species, yet this variation depended on the migration stage and the proximity of natural ecological barriers.
Published: 2024
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25. In-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge response of the IceCube photomultiplier tubes

Author: M.G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J.A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S.W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J.J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D.Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R.S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G.H. Collin, J.M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D.F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J.J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K.D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J.C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P.A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A.R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T.K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J.G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G.C. Hill, K.D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, G.S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B.J.P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J.L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S.R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D.J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J.L. Lanfranchi, M.J. Larson, F. Lauber, J.P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, M. Leuermann, Q.R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C.J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W.Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K.B.M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I.C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R.W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, M.U. Nisa, S.C. Nowicki, D.R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D.V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I.C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S.E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F.G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, P. Steinmüller, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R.G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N.L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G.W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C.F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C.F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M.A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T.B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M.J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B.J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C.H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D.R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T.R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D.L. Xu, X.W. Xu, Y. Xu, J.P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, M. Zöcklein, Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vriendenkring VUB, and Elementary Particle Physics
Subjects: electron, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, 01 natural sciences, charge distribution, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, IceCube, 0302 clinical medicine, DESIGN, charge, emission, (photomultipliers, Instrumentation, Photon detectors for UV, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Charge density, calibration [photomultiplier], Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), photomultiplier: calibration, Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc), Neutrino detector, HPDs, Physique des particules élémentaires, Neutrino, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, others), photoelectron, Photomultiplier, data analysis method, pulse formation, Visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, HPDs, others), FOS: Physical sciences, Particle detector, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, ddc:610, etc), multiplication and induction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, PERFORMANCE, visible and IR photons (vacuum), charge transport, Physics and Astronomy, electron emission, transport, business
Abstract: Journal of Instrumentation 15(06), P06032 (2020). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/P06032, We describe an improved in-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge distributions for each of the in-ice Hamamatsu Photonics R7081-02[MOD] photomultiplier tubes in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The characterization of the individual PMT charge distributions is important for PMT calibration, data and Monte Carlo simulation agreement, and understanding the effect of hardware differences within the detector. We discuss the single photoelectron identification procedure and how we extract the single-photoelectron charge distribution using a deconvolution of the multiple-photoelectron charge distribution., Published by Inst. of Physics, London
Published: 2020
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26. Fish assemblages of three common artificial reef designs during early colonization

Author: Tali Treibitz, Matan Yuval, Patrick S. Bron, Albertinka J. Murk, Ayumi Kuramae Izioka, Daniel B. Heesink, Alwin Hylkema, Adolphe O. Debrot, Ronald Osinga, Jorien C. Rippen, and Callum B. Reid
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Artificial reef, Reef ball, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Fish abundance, Layered cake, Onderz. Form. D, Marine Animal Ecology, Onderzoeksformatie, Colonization, Restoration ecology, Reef, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mariene Dierecologie, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Habitat restoration, Volcanic rock, Shelter availibility, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, WIAS, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Species richness, Basaltic rock, Artificial reefs, Maritiem
Abstract: In this study, we compared the early fish colonization of three types of artificial reefs deployed in the coastal waters of Saba and St Eustatius in the Caribbean: reef balls®, layered cakes and piles of locally obtained basaltic rock. As an indicator of performance, three fish assemblage parameters (abundance, biomass, species richness) were measured using underwater visual censuses at 11 months post-deployment and 4 months after restoration from hurricane damage. All artificial reef plots showed higher values for fish abundance, biomass and species richness than control plots covered by bare sand, which shows that artificial reefs can locally enhance the fish assemblage. However, the effect differed among artificial reef plots. Fish abundance was 3.8 times higher on the layered cake plots compared to the reef ball plots, while fish biomass was 4.6 times higher. Rock pile plots had intermediate values. Species richness did not differ significantly among different artificial reef plots. Threedimensional modelling revealed that layered cakes had a smaller gross volume, shelter volume and total surface area than reef balls. The availability of multiple small shelters in the layered cake design appeared to be more relevant than other physical parameters, as the layered cake plots had higher fish abundance than the reef balls plots. We concluded that on Saba and St. Eustatius, layered cake plots performed better than reef ball plots after one year of colonization. Rock pile plots, made of local volcanic rock, showed an intermediate performance, and were 4–10 times cheaper to construct. If observed differences are consistent with other locations and persist allocated to deploy artificial reef structures with a higher shelter density.
Published: 2020
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27. The IceCube realtime alert system

Author: B. J. P. Jones, Chris Wendt, S. Hickford, D. Tosi, M. Day, R. Konietz, M. Vehring, S. Coenders, Joshua Hignight, Francis Halzen, Karim Ghorbani, S. Seunarine, G. Merino, Spencer Axani, I. Ansseau, N. Wandkowsky, S. Schoenen, J. Kiryluk, M. Wolf, F. Bos, A. Terliuk, Sally Robertson, G. Krückl, Carlos Arguelles, M. Song, T. L. Carver, Mike Richman, H. Dembinski, Sebastian Böser, D. Heereman, P. Schlunder, R. Nahnhauer, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, Gisela Anton, V. di Lorenzo, Allan Hallgren, J. Tatar, M. J. Larson, Jae Yool Kim, M. Kauer, L. Classen, Kurt Woschnagg, T. Menne, Paul Evenson, L. Brayeur, C. Finley, Juanan Aguilar, Jenni Adams, Hrvoje Dujmovic, Janet Conrad, B. Relethford, Ignacio Taboada, A. Obertacke Pollmann, K. Rawlins, M. G. Aartsen, Michael Sutherland, K. Mase, T. Kittler, S. Flis, P. Peiffer, R. Cross, K. D. de Vries, George Japaridze, S. De Ridder, Dirk Lennarz, Konstancja Satalecka, Theo Glauch, M. Rongen, Gabriel Collin, Dmitry Chirkin, A. Franckowiak, D. Z. Besson, Marjon Moulai, James Madsen, Lu Lu, R. Maunu, E. Friedman, Alexander Kappes, R. G. Stokstad, Markus Ahlers, J. Kunnen, Jay Gallagher, T. Ehrhardt, N. van Eijndhoven, M. N. Tobin, A. Meli, C.-C. Fösig, M. van Rossem, M. Vraeghe, C. Haack, K. Meagher, Elisa Resconi, A. Steuer, Teresa Montaruli, M. J. Weiss, N. Kurahashi, B. J. Whelan, Todor Stanev, R. Hellauer, D. Bose, Kendall Mahn, N. L. Strotjohann, J. P. Dumm, M. Relich, A. Olivas, K. Helbing, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, M. Bissok, K. Jero, A. Wallace, R. Reimann, E. Vogel, Maryon Ahrens, U. Katz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, S. Kopper, E. Woolsey, G. Binder, Joshua Pepper, H. Niederhausen, Dawn Williams, F. Huang, M. Leuermann, G. de Wasseige, A. Turcati, U. Naumann, E. Hansen, M. E. Huber, B. Eberhardt, M. S. Kim, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, Aya Ishihara, D. Bindig, E. Jacobi, Elisa Bernardini, Segev BenZvi, G. Maggi, T. Schmidt, L. Wille, Y. Xu, J. Lünemann, M. Kowalski, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Azadeh Keivani, Frederik Tenholt, M. Rameez, M. Medici, L. Gerhardt, D. F. Cowen, Albrecht Karle, S. Euler, T. Fuchs, T. Karg, Ch. Weaver, Alexander Burgman, W. Kang, Z. Griffith, S. Miarecki, J. van Santen, Kael Hanson, Thomas Meures, K. Krings, K. Clark, D. V. Pankova, F. McNally, G. W. Sullivan, M. Casier, B. Riedel, D. R. Nygren, S. Bron, Steven W. Barwick, M. Tselengidou, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Spencer Klein, A. Stasik, Stijn Vanheule, Philipp Eller, Maximilian Meier, T. Ruhe, S. Wickmann, J. Auffenberg, D. Hebecker, Paolo Desiati, A. Sandrock, T. Glüsenkamp, Gerald Przybylski, Minjin Jeong, G. Neer, T. Kintscher, Hermann Kolanoski, M. Labare, M. Quinnan, M. Dunkman, J. Felde, H. Taavola, Stijn Blot, Christian Spiering, S. Yoshida, Xinhua Bai, T. Hansmann, R. Hoffmann, Javier Gonzalez, M. Mandelartz, E. Blaufuss, Kara Hoffman, E. Pinat, Olga Botner, K. Wiebe, P. B. Price, V. Baum, D. J. Koskinen, D. Ryckbosch, Simona Toscano, M. Voge, Markus Ackermann, Donglian Xu, J. Becker Tjus, Ö. Penek, D. Soldin, L. Rädel, J. Stettner, Justin Vandenbroucke, K. Hoshina, E. del Pino Rosendo, Subir Sarkar, Glenn Spiczak, S. Schöneberg, K. H. Becker, E. Unger, D. Berley, W. Giang, J. L. Lanfranchi, Wolfgang Rhode, J. L. Kelley, S. In, S. C. Nowicki, L. Gladstone, R. Koirala, Darren Grant, J. P. A. M. de André, C. Walck, Sarah Mancina, Frederik Hermann Lauber, M. Börner, Klas Hultqvist, M. Zoll, K. Andeen, S. Westerhoff, A. Christov, M. Wallraff, T. Stezelberger, E. Cheung, M. Usner, L. Sabbatini, B. Eichmann, H.-P. Bretz, S. Tilav, Christian Bohm, Aongus O'Murchadha, J. P. Yanez, Christoph Raab, G. C. Hill, L. Schumacher, C. Krüger, A. Goldschmidt, R. C. Bay, D. Seckel, S. Fahey, S. Kunwar, M. Archinger, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, M. Kroll, C. Kopper, J. Braun, T. R. Wood, J. J. Beatty, A. Bernhard, D. Rysewyk, A. Stößl, Reina H. Maruyama, Christopher Wiebusch, J. Feintzeig, Carsten Rott, Xianwu Xu, J. Sandroos, D. Altmann, C. Pérez de los Heros, R. Ström, T. Kuwabara, L. Wills, Damian Pieloth, Ali Kheirandish, L. Köpke, G. Kohnen, T. Anderson, C. De Clercq, G. Tešić, Kirill Filimonov, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, and Vriendenkring VUB
Subjects: HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS, TELESCOPE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Multi-messenger astronomy, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino detectors, Transient sources, Astronomy and Astrophysics, pole, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, IceCube, law.invention, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Telescope, SEARCHES, CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, site, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, background, Event (computing), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, PERFORMANCE, sensitivity, observatory, Identification (information), electromagnetic, Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino detector, ddc:540, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOLLOW-UP
Abstract: Following the detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in 2013, their origin is still unknown. Aiming for the identification of an electromagnetic counterpart of a rapidly fading source, we have implemented a realtime analysis framework for the IceCube neutrino observatory. Several analyses selecting neutrinos of astrophysical origin are now operating in realtime at the detector site in Antarctica and are producing alerts to the community to enable rapid follow-up observations. The goal of these observations is to locate the astrophysical objects responsible for these neutrino signals. This paper highlights the infrastructure in place both at the South Pole detector site and at IceCube facilities in the north that have enabled this fast follow-up program to be developed. Additionally, this paper presents the first realtime analyses to be activated within this framework, highlights their sensitivities to astrophysical neutrinos and background event rates, and presents an outlook for future discoveries., Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures, Published in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2017
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28. Erratum to: Search for annihilating dark matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data

Author: B. Eichmann, H.-P. Bretz, L. Köpke, Christian Bohm, B. Relethford, Aongus O'Murchadha, Christoph Raab, Athina Meli, G. C. Hill, C. Krüger, T. R. Wood, Christopher Wiebusch, S. Fahey, M. Voge, A. R. Fazely, Aya Ishihara, Dennis Soldin, H. Taavola, E. Jacobi, G. Kohnen, L. Gladstone, P. A. Evenson, B. J. P. Jones, S. Euler, C. Pérez de los Heros, Logan Wille, P. Peiffer, M. Day, Matthew Relich, Sally Robertson, G. W. Sullivan, D. J. Koskinen, R. Koirala, J. Braun, D. Seckel, Albrecht Karle, B. Eberhardt, D. Bose, J. P. Dumm, S. Flis, Sebastian Böser, S. Miarecki, D. Z. Besson, P. Schlunder, D. Chirkin, Azadeh Keivani, T. Palczewski, D. V. Pankova, T. Stezelberger, B. Riedel, Matthias Wolf, A. Stasik, Matthew Weiss, Chad Finley, G. Krückl, Hermann Kolanoski, D. R. Nygren, Ö. Penek, S. Schöneberg, E. Vogel, K. Meagher, A. Turcati, T. Kittler, G. H. Collin, Marek Kowalski, J. Kim, E. Hansen, Matthias Huber, V. Baum, Gisela Anton, J. van Santen, C. Kopper, F. Tenholt, A. Stößl, J. A. Pepper, Kurt Becker, Kael Hanson, J. Feintzeig, N. van Eijndhoven, Dirk Ryckbosch, J. P. A. M. de André, Thomas Kintscher, G. Merino, N. Wandkowsky, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, S. Kopper, Janet Conrad, K. Jero, A. Christov, V. di Lorenzo, S. Wickmann, J. Auffenberg, D. Bindig, Jenni Adams, Dirk Lennarz, A. Steuer, Ignacio Taboada, D. Grant, D. Hebecker, H. Dujmovic, G. S. Japaridze, R. Nahnhauer, M. Quinnan, T. Meures, M. Vraeghe, A. Olivas, S. Schoenen, R. Cross, David Berley, M. Rongen, M. J. Larson, S. Bron, J. J. Beatty, C. Walck, G. Yodh, A. Burgman, D. Rysewyk, M. Börner, F. Huang, M. Song, T. L. Carver, Mike Richman, A. Bernhard, Steven W. Barwick, Juanan Aguilar, Stijn Blot, R. Hoffmann, Marjon Moulai, Chris Wendt, J. Becker Tjus, M. Bissok, J. Kunnen, K. Mase, C.-C. Fösig, E. Pinat, M. Labare, L. Gerhardt, R. Reimann, S. Tilav, Ch. Weaver, G. M. Spiczak, S. Hickford, R. Konietz, K. Rawlins, M. Vehring, G. T. Przybylski, M. van Rossem, Joeran Stettner, K. D. de Vries, T. Glüsenkamp, M. Kauer, Frank McNally, S. Westerhoff, Olga Botner, Elisa Resconi, Y. Xu, M. Rameez, Reina H. Maruyama, Joshua Hignight, James Madsen, K. Wiebe, Lu Lu, T. DeYoung, M. Zoll, Maryon Ahrens, K. Helbing, D. Heereman, H. Niederhausen, Francis Halzen, M. Dunkman, E. Unger, M. Medici, S. Coenders, E. Woolsey, G. Binder, Delia Tosi, S. Ter-Antonyan, R. Ström, Won Nam Kang, M. N. Tobin, Konstancja Satalecka, Theo Glauch, I. Ansseau, J. Lünemann, G. Neer, Teresa Montaruli, Elisa Bernardini, Timo Karg, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, Christian Spiering, E. Blaufuss, A. Terliuk, J. C. Gallagher, H. Dembinski, K. Krings, T. O. B. Schmidt, M. G. Aartsen, Klas Hultqvist, J. Kiryluk, S. C. Nowicki, Kendall Mahn, F. Bos, K. Andeen, S. De Ridder, Justin Vandenbroucke, Anna Franckowiak, Allan Hallgren, R. C. Bay, T. Anderson, C. De Clercq, M. Leuermann, Kurt Woschnagg, S. Yoshida, P. A. Toale, L. Brayeur, T. Hansmann, Karim Ghorbani, M. Casier, Spencer Axani, W. Giang, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. Archinger, T. Ehrhardt, C. Haack, Michael Sutherland, J. Tatar, S. Mancina, Carlos Arguelles, X. W. Xu, U. Naumann, M. Meier, N. Kurahashi, Todor Stanev, R. Hellauer, M. Jeong, G. de Wasseige, M. Tselengidou, Thomas K. Gaisser, P. Desiati, M. Mandelartz, F. Lauber, Lisa Johanna Schumacher, Javier Gonzalez, Giorgio Maggi, David A. Williams, Markus Ackermann, Carsten Rott, Alexander Kappes, Kirill Filimonov, Uli Katz, Segev BenZvi, A. Wallace, J. Sandroos, D. Altmann, S. Toscano, Spencer Klein, D. F. Cowen, L. Classen, Kara Hoffman, T. Ruhe, D. Pieloth, M. Kroll, Wolfgang Rhode, B. J. Whelan, S. In, L. Wills, Ali Kheirandish, T. Fuchs, L. Sabbatini, Takao Kuwabara, K. Clark, K. Hoshina, Stijn Vanheule, Philipp Eller, A. Sandrock, J. Felde, J. P. Yanez, H. Pandya, Xinhua Bai, A. Obertacke Pollmann, S. Kunwar, J. L. Kelley, M. Wallraff, Markus Ahlers, L. Rädel, R. G. Stokstad, A. Goldschmidt, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, E. Cheung, M. Usner, Elizabeth Friedman, R. Maunu, N. L. Strotjohann, Z. Griffith, Min Suk Kim, Donglian Xu, P. B. Price, G. Tešić, E. del Pino Rosendo, Subir Sarkar, Tobias Menne, S. Seunarine, Bron, Stéphanie, Carver, Tessa, Christov, Asen, Montaruli, Teresa, and Rameez, Mohamed
Subjects: background [atmosphere], Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, lcsh:Astrophysics, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Signal, horizon, IceCube, Subatomär fysik, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, Subatomic Physics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, atmosphere [muon], 010306 general physics, detector [neutrino], mass [WIMP], Engineering (miscellaneous), Computer Science::Databases, direct detection [dark matter], Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, scattering, sensitivity, statistics, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract: The European physical journal / C Particles and fields C 79(3), 214 (2019). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6702-y, Published by Springer24928, Heidelberg
Published: 2019
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29. Baby MIND Readout Electronics Architecture for Accelerator Neutrino Particle Physics Detectors Employing Silicon Photomultipliers

Author: P. Simion, Federico Sanchez, G. Vankova-Kirilova, A. Mefodiev, Franck Cadoux, O. Basille, A. K. Ichikawa, S. Bron, S-P. Hallsjö, S. Suvorov, Yannick Favre, Etam Noah, F. J. P. Soler, Tord Ekelof, S. Parsa, N. Yershov, Yu.A. Kudenko, A. Kostin, N. Chikuma, A. Blondel, Sergei Fedotov, M. Rayner, A. Minamino, M. M. Khabibullin, Oleg Mineev, G. Mitev, Alexey Dudarev, H. Ten Kate, D. Douqa, R. Tsenov, K. Yasutome, A. Khotyantsev, Marzio Nessi, L. Nicola, P. Benoit, and M. Bogomilov
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Particle detector, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, Neutrino detector, Physics::Accelerator Physics, J-PARC, Neutrino, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Neutrino oscillation, business
Abstract: The Baby MIND neutrino particle detector was installed at J-PARC in Tokai Japan in February 2018 and commissioned with first neutrino beam a few weeks later. It is instrumented with 3,996 Hamamatsu MPPCs type S12571-025C. A full readout electronics chain was developed to extract energy deposition and timing information of tracks left by charged particles from neutrino interactions in the Baby MIND and surrounding structures. Data from particle beam tests at CERN and commissioning at J-PARC are presented, to illustrate how the electronics readout architecture fulfills the physics requirements. A brief description of the adoption of this architecture for planned 60,000 MPPCs of a new 3D fine grained scintillator detector for operation at J-PARC from 2021 is given.
Published: 2019

30. ModE-Sim – a medium-sized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) ensemble to study climate variability during the modern era (1420 to 2009)

Author: R. Hand, E. Samakinwa, L. Lipfert, and S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: We introduce ModE-Sim (Modern Era SIMulations), a medium-sized ensemble of simulations with the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM6 in its LR (low-resolution) version (T63; approx. 1.8∘ horizontal grid width with 47 vertical levels). At the lower boundary we use prescribed sea surface temperatures and sea ice that reflect observed values while accounting for uncertainties in these. Furthermore we use radiative forcings that also reflect observed values while accounting for uncertainties in the timing and strength of volcanic eruptions. The simulations cover the period from 1420 to 2009. With 60 ensemble members between 1420 and 1850 and 36 ensemble members from 1850 to 2009, ModE-Sim consists of 31 620 simulated years in total. ModE-Sim is suitable for many applications as its various subsets can be used as initial-condition and boundary-condition ensembles to study climate variability. The main intention of this paper is to give a comprehensive description of the experimental setup of ModE-Sim and to provide an evaluation, mainly focusing on the two key variables, 2 m temperature and precipitation. We demonstrate ModE-Sim's ability to represent their mean state, to produce a reasonable response to external forcings, and to sample internal variability. Through the example of heat waves, we show that the ensemble is even capable of capturing certain types of extreme events.
Published: 2023
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31. The weather diaries of the Kirch family: Leipzig, Guben, and Berlin (1677–1774)

Author: S. Brönnimann and Y. Brugnara
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Astronomer and calendar maker Gottfried Kirch was a keen weather observer and made weather notes in his diary starting in 1677 in Leipzig. In parallel, his second wife Maria Margaretha Winkelmann started a weather diary in 1700 in Berlin. The diaries also contain instrumental measurements of temperature and later pressure. After the death of Gottfried in 1710 and Maria Margaretha in 1720, observations were continued by their son Christfried and then for another 44 years by their daughter Christine. The last measurements date to 1774. Together, the diaries span almost a century of weather observations. The instrumental measurements constitute the oldest part of Germany's longest temperature series, which was however only available as monthly means up to now. Here we publish the imaged diaries, together amounting to 10 445 images. Further, we present the digitized instrumental series, which will serve as the starting point for a new, daily Berlin series. By comparing the series to neighbouring records, we show that the pressure data are reliable in a quantitative sense, whereas this is true for the temperature data only in a qualitative sense as the temperature scale was not converted.
Published: 2023
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32. The weather diary of Georg Christoph Eimmart for Nuremberg, 1695–1704

Author: S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Data from weather diaries have long been used to reconstruct past climate. However, they could also be used to reconstruct past weather. Weather reconstructions could help us to better understand the mechanisms behind, and impacts of, climatic changes. However, reconstructing the day-to-day weather requires many diaries from different regions covering the same period, ideally combined with instrumental measurements. In this paper, I describe the weather diary of Georg Christoph Eimmart from Nuremberg, covering the period 1695 to 1704, which was particularly cold in Europe. The diary was imaged from the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg and then digitized. It contains twice-daily weather conditions in symbolic form, wind direction details, and information on precipitation and temperature in text form. Symbols changed during the first 2 years, after which a much-reduced (and stable) set of symbols was used. Re-coding all days according to the later set of symbols, I find no signs of inconsistency over time in symbols, wind direction, and precipitation information extracted from the text. Comparisons with other sources confirm the day-to-day weather information in the diary. For instance, the wind direction in Nuremberg agrees with the daily pressure gradient between Jena and Paris. Three case studies further confirm the meteorological reliability of the information. This is shown on behalf of an 8 d sequence of stormy weather in 1702, a study of the severe winter of 1697/98, and a study of the summer of 1695, which was cold and wet, possibly related to tropical volcanic eruptions. The examples underline the consistency of the weather diary with other information and suggest that weather reconstructions as far back as the late 17th century might become possible. However, the spatial information is limited, and any approach arguably needs to make good use of the temporal sequence of information.
Published: 2023
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33. Do females of Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida renest after offspring desertion?

Author: M. Ledwoń, A. Flis, A. Banach, B. Kusal, H. Łożyńska, N. Atamas, S. Broński, and J. Betleja
Subjects: Biparental care, Charadriiformes, laridae, parental strategy, pair bonds, remating opportunity, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: AbstractIn species with biparental care, one parent may relieve him-/herself of the costs of parental care by deserting and leaving the mate to care for the offspring. Offspring desertion by a single parent, usually the female, occurs in many bird species, especially in Charadriiformes. The reasons for desertion are still being debated, and compelling evidence for the benefits and costs to either sex is not yet handed. The benefits of desertion for the deserter may include renesting with a new mate shortly after desertion. Therefore, desertion may enhance individual lifetime reproductive success. In Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida almost all females desert, about half of females desert during chick-rearing period, the other half during the post-fledging period. Based on intensive fieldwork over a 4-year study, we investigated whether Whiskered Tern females remated and renested after desertion. We assumed that favourable conditions, such as an extended breeding season and food abundance resulting in a high breeding success would prompt most females to renest after desertion. In contrast to this expectation, however, only 5% of females that deserted during chick-rearing period (2 out of 41) remated and renested in the study area. About 50 days elapsed between the initiations of the first and second clutch by these two females. Females also participated in courtship behaviour after desertion (without renesting). We thus estimate that 15% (6 out of 41) of females that deserted during chick-rearing period were subsequently involved in some kind of breeding activity. Therefore, renesting does not seem to be a major direct benefit for deserting Whiskered Tern females. Females of this species probably benefit from desertion in other ways, but these have yet to be discovered.
Published: 2023
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34. WITHDRAWN: Fish assemblages of three common artificial reef designs during early colonization

Author: Matan Yuval, Jorien C. Rippen, Adolphe O. Debrot, Callum B. Reid, Ayumi Kuramae Izioka, Albertinka J. Murk, Tali Treibitz, Alwin Hylkema, Ronald Osinga, Daniel B. Heesink, and Patrick S. Bron
Subjects: Fishery, Environmental Engineering, %22">Fish , Colonization, Artificial reef, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Published: 2020
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35. Constraints on Minute-Scale Transient Astrophysical Neutrino Sources

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, I. Al Samarai, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Barbano, J. P. Barron, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, S. Böser, O. Botner, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, M. Brenzke, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, A. Christov, K. Clark, L. Classen, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, P. A. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, P. Kalaczynski, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, J. P. Koschinsky, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, K. Leonard, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, M. Moulai, R. Nagai, R. Nahnhauer, P. Nakarmi, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, J. P. Osborne, E. O’Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, F. D. Wandler, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, A. Waza, C. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vriendenkring VUB, and Elementary Particle Physics
Subjects: HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0103 physical sciences, Muon neutrino, ddc:530, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Supernova, Neutron star, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, Physique des particules élémentaires, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: High-energy neutrino emission has been predicted for several short-lived astrophysical transients including gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), core-collapse supernovae with choked jets, and neutron star mergers. IceCube's optical and x-ray follow-up program searches for such transient sources by looking for two or more muon neutrino candidates in directional coincidence and arriving within 100 s. The measured rate of neutrino alerts is consistent with the expected rate of chance coincidences of atmospheric background events and no likely electromagnetic counterparts have been identified in Swift follow-up observations. Here, we calculate generic bounds on the neutrino flux of short-lived transient sources. Assuming an E-2.5 neutrino spectrum, we find that the neutrino flux of rare sources, like long gamma-ray bursts, is constrained to, 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018
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36. Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations at 6–56 GeV with IceCube DeepCore

Author: P. Schlunder, R. Hellauer, Sally Robertson, S. De Ridder, F. Bos, Dirk Lennarz, Gisela Anton, M. E. Huber, Allan Hallgren, L. Classen, T. Kittler, S. Flis, M. Labare, J. Werthebach, K. Clark, A. Wallace, Darren Grant, Sarah Nowicki, G. H. Collin, Piotr Kalaczyński, C. Pérez de los Heros, F. D. Wandler, M. Brenzke, J. P. A. M. de André, L. Gerhardt, Minjin Jeong, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, J. P. Barron, S. Yoshida, Stijn Vanheule, Maryon Ahrens, Frederik Tenholt, M. Rameez, M. Medici, A. Waza, Philipp Eller, Thomas Meures, E. Woolsey, G. Binder, P. B. Price, T. O. B. Schmidt, Francis Halzen, Joshua Pepper, Karim Ghorbani, S. Coenders, K. Helbing, Christian Spiering, Sarah Mancina, Spencer Axani, K. Jero, Joshua A. Wood, I. Ansseau, T. R. Wood, Kurt Woschnagg, Elisa Bernardini, A. Terliuk, Justin Vandenbroucke, Paul Evenson, S. Schöneberg, H. Dembinski, Frank McNally, Chunfai Tung, Klas Hultqvist, J. Kiryluk, J. Felde, Xinhua Bai, K. Andeen, E. Jacobi, A. Kyriacou, D. Berley, Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig, W. Giang, J. L. Lanfranchi, P. Nakarmi, Carlos Arguelles, Janet Conrad, Dmitry Chirkin, F. Bradascio, A. Obertacke Pollmann, I. Al Samarai, J. L. Kelley, Alexander Kappes, C. Walck, Jessie Micallef, R. Cross, M. Rongen, Joshua Hignight, K. Krings, M. S. Sutherland, M. Börner, Markus Ahlers, S. Tilav, U. Katz, E. Pinat, K. Rawlins, George Japaridze, Roger Moore, Ramesh Koirala, Dennis Soldin, A. Christov, William Luszczak, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jenni Adams, S. Hickford, D. J. Koskinen, Simona Toscano, M. Kauer, M. Zoll, S. Westerhoff, James Madsen, J. Bourbeau, E. Blaufuss, Lu Lu, Donglian Xu, Yiqian Xu, J. Tatar, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, D. Bose, R. G. Stokstad, M. J. Larson, Seongjin In, Hermann Kolanoski, Elisa Resconi, M. N. Tobin, M. Song, T. L. Carver, Mike Richman, J. Becker Tjus, A. Stasik, J. P. Dumm, Subir Sarkar, E. Cheung, M. Usner, T. Palczewski, Dirk Ryckbosch, M. Day, C. Kopper, Teresa Montaruli, T. Karg, R. Maunu, T. Kuwabara, E. Vogel, M. Stamatikos, J. Braun, T. Stezelberger, Jan Soedingrekso, B. Eberhardt, Kendall Mahn, Jae Yool Kim, J. Stachurska, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Menne, L. Rädel, J. Casey, S. Schoenen, D. Bindig, A. Franckowiak, D. Heereman, B. Relethford, P. Peiffer, Konstancja Satalecka, Theo Glauch, A. Goldschmidt, Gerald Przybylski, Z. Griffith, Marjon Moulai, S. Kunwar, K. Meagher, Jay Gallagher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, Azadeh Keivani, C. F. Turley, G. Krückl, Matthias Vraeghe, N. Kurahashi, B. J. Whelan, Todor Stanev, G. Tešić, T. Anderson, E. Friedman, A. Olivas, Delia Tosi, Mirco Hunnefeld, C. Wendt, F. Huang, M. Dunkman, G. de Wasseige, J. Stettner, D. R. Nygren, J. Lünemann, C. De Clercq, J. J. Beatty, Tianlu Yuan, K. Hoshina, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, R. Hoffmann, Glenn Spiczak, G. Momenté, M. Tselengidou, M. G. Aartsen, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, U. Naumann, K. H. Becker, T. Kintscher, Marsha J. Wolf, E. Unger, Javier Gonzalez, D. Rysewyk, Giorgio Maggi, K. Wiebe, Marek Kowalski, David A. Williams, B. J. P. Jones, T. Sälzer, Markus Ackermann, A. Stößl, H. Bagherpour, Olga Botner, Reina H. Maruyama, M. Relich, V. Baum, Chris Weaver, G. Merino, Kirill Filimonov, M. Kroll, N. Wandkowsky, K. D. de Vries, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Koschinsky, R. Nahnhauer, L. Schumacher, Carsten Rott, D. V. Pankova, M. Casier, M. Leuermann, L. Wills, Surujhdeo Seunarine, G. Kohnen, J. P. Yanez, A. Steuer, Juanan Aguilar, N. van Eijndhoven, J. Kunnen, S. Böser, R. C. Bay, A. Ishihara, D. Z. Besson, Xianwu Xu, Damian Pieloth, J. Sandroos, D. Altmann, Austin Schneider, Ali Kheirandish, J. Auffenberg, W. Van Driessche, G. W. Sullivan, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, T. Fuchs, L. Köpke, Albrecht Karle, L. Brayeur, I. Taboada, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, Kara Hoffman, Won Nam Kang, Hershal Pandya, Wolfgang Rhode, J. J. DeLaunay, G. Neer, Tim Ruhe, J. van Santen, Kael Hanson, M. Plum, S. Bron, Steven W. Barwick, Maximilian Meier, Paolo Desiati, T. Ehrhardt, Alexander Sandrock, D. Hebecker, K. Mase, Andrea Turcati, Stijn Blot, C. Haack, M. J. Weiss, R. Reimann, S. Kopper, Christopher Wiebusch, Christian Bohm, Aongus O'Murchadha, Christoph Raab, G. C. Hill, Bunheng Ty, D. Seckel, S. Fahey, S. Miarecki, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, Immacolata Carmen Rea, B. Eichmann, H.-P. Bretz, M. Kim, L. Wille, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Hans Niederhausen, V. di Lorenzo, C. Finley, A. Burgman, Qinrui Liu, T. Glüsenkamp, M. Wallraff, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Vriendenkring VUB, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Arguelles Delgado, Carlos A, Axani, Spencer Nicholas, Collin, G. H., Conrad, Janet Marie, Moulai, Marjon H., Al Samarai, Imen, Bron, Stéphanie, Carver, Tessa, Christov, Asen, and Montaruli, Teresa
Subjects: interaction [cosmic radiation], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, IceCube, Subatomär fysik, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Observatory, Subatomic Physics, TOOL, Physics, oscillation [neutrino], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, atmosphere [neutrino], threshold [energy], mass difference [neutrino], ddc, observatory, Neutrino detector, Physique des particules élémentaires, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Particle physics, cosmic radiation [neutrino], accelerator, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Physics and Astronomy(all), IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, neutrino/mu, ddc:530, energy: high [neutrino], 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ICE, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy, Solar neutrino problem, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, mass [neutrino], High Energy Physics::Experiment, SYSTEM, mixing angle [neutrino], experimental results
Abstract: We present a measurement of the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters using three years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The DeepCore infill array in the center of IceCube enables the detection and reconstruction of neutrinos produced by the interaction of cosmic rays in Earth's atmosphere at energies as low as ∼5 GeV. That energy threshold permits measurements of muon neutrino disappearance, over a range of baselines up to the diameter of the Earth, probing the same range of L/Eν as long-baseline experiments but with substantially higher-energy neutrinos. This analysis uses neutrinos from the full sky with reconstructed energies from 5.6 to 56 GeV. We measure Δm322=2.31-0.13+0.11×10-3 eV2 and sin2θ23=0.51-0.09+0.07, assuming normal neutrino mass ordering. These results are consistent with, and of similar precision to, those from accelerator- and reactor-based experiments., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018
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37. Measurement of the $$\nu _{\mu }$$ <math><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></math> energy spectrum with IceCube-79

Author: M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, I. Al Samarai, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, M. Archinger, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, K.-H. Becker, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, F. Bos, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, L. Brayeur, H.-P. Bretz, S. Bron, A. Burgman, T. Carver, M. Casier, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, A. Christov, K. Clark, L. Classen, S. Coenders, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, M. Day, J. P. A. M. de André, C. De Clercq, E. del Pino Rosendo, H. Dembinski, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, V. di Lorenzo, H. Dujmovic, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, B. Eichmann, P. Eller, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Feintzeig, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, S. Flis, C.-C. Fösig, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, W. Giang, L. Gladstone, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, E. Hansen, T. Hansmann, K. Hanson, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, K. Hultqvist, S. In, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, W. Kang, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, G. Kohnen, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, R. Konietz, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, M. Kroll, G. Krückl, C. Krüger, J. Kunnen, S. Kunwar, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, D. Lennarz, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, L. Lu, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, S. Mancina, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, M. Meier, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, J. Micallef, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, M. Moulai, R. Nahnhauer, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, A. Olivas, A. O’Murchadha, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, P. Peiffer, Ö. Penek, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez de los Heros, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, M. Quinnan, C. Raab, L. Rädel, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Relich, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, L. Sabbatini, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schumacher, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, R. Ström, N. L. Strotjohann, G. W. Sullivan, M. Sutherland, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, J. Tatar, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, G. Tešić, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, M. N. Tobin, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, E. Unger, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, M. van Rossem, J. van Santen, M. Vehring, M. Voge, E. Vogel, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, A. Waza, Ch. Weaver, M. J. Weiss, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, S. Wickmann, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, K. Woschnagg, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and M. Zoll
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Astrophysics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: IceCube is a neutrino observatory deployed in the glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. The $$\nu _\mu $$ νμ energy unfolding described in this paper is based on data taken with IceCube in its 79-string configuration. A sample of muon neutrino charged-current interactions with a purity of 99.5% was selected by means of a multivariate classification process based on machine learning. The subsequent unfolding was performed using the software Truee. The resulting spectrum covers an E$$_\nu $$ ν -range of more than four orders of magnitude from 125 GeV to 3.2 PeV. Compared to the Honda atmospheric neutrino flux model, the energy spectrum shows an excess of more than $$1.9\,\sigma $$ 1.9σ in four adjacent bins for neutrino energies $$E_\nu \ge 177.8\,\text {TeV}$$ Eν≥177.8TeV . The obtained spectrum is fully compatible with previous measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux and recent IceCube measurements of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.
Published: 2017

38. Search for sterile neutrino mixing using three years of IceCube DeepCore data

Author: Janet Conrad, M. Rongen, M. S. Sutherland, M. Kauer, G. Merino, D. Bose, Francis Halzen, J. P. Dumm, I. Ansseau, A. Terliuk, E. Vogel, Christian Bohm, B. Eberhardt, Aongus O'Murchadha, Christoph Raab, Jenni Adams, R. Nahnhauer, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Juanan Aguilar, Hrvoje Dujmovic, L. Gladstone, C. Krüger, D. Seckel, S. Fahey, S. Miarecki, E. Jacobi, Tyce DeYoung, R. Maunu, A. Ishihara, P. A. Toale, Sander Vanheule, T. Kuwabara, T. Karg, Ch. Weaver, S. Hickford, R. G. Stokstad, A. Kyriacou, Joonghan Kim, J. Feintzeig, K. Mase, Minjin Jeong, G. Tešić, Tim Ruhe, E. Friedman, C.-C. Fösig, Darren Grant, N. L. Strotjohann, I. Al Samarai, A. Karle, J. Becker Tjus, Karim Ghorbani, Sarah Nowicki, C. H. Wiebusch, J. P. A. M. de André, K. Filimonov, Spencer Axani, M. Leuermann, G. Kohnen, J. P. Yanez, G. Maggi, Alexander Burgman, M. Kroll, C. Walck, D. Z. Besson, H.-P. Bretz, T. Menne, M. J. Larson, G. Krückl, Frank McNally, Chunfai Tung, Carlos Arguelles, E. V. Hansen, D. Tosi, J. Stachurska, C. Pérez de los Heros, Jessie Micallef, Z. Griffith, M. Kowalski, A. Stasik, R. Konietz, G.M. Spiczak, Joakim Sandroos, Azadeh Keivani, Konstancja Satalecka, J. J. Beatty, Joanna Kiryluk, K. Meagher, M. Day, Dirk Lennarz, M. Zoll, A. Franckowiak, Marjon Moulai, H. Dembinski, K. Rawlins, Theo Glauch, S. Westerhoff, Gerald Przybylski, D. Rysewyk, M. Quinnan, D. Soldin, M. Dunkman, K. Clark, S. Yoshida, T. Hansmann, A. Stößl, B. J. Whelan, Christian Spiering, Thorsten Glusenkamp, Reina H. Maruyama, David R. Williams, Todor Stanev, Claudio Kopper, C. Wendt, K. D. Hoffman, Justin Vandenbroucke, G. W. Sullivan, S. Schöneberg, James E. Braun, James Madsen, Lu Lu, L. Schumacher, M. Casier, E. del Pino Rosendo, W. Giang, G. de Wasseige, J. L. Lanfranchi, J. Lünemann, Subir Sarkar, R. Hoffmann, Martin Wolf, R. C. Bay, Olga Botner, J. Tatar, N. van Eijndhoven, Gisela Anton, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, M. Archinger, K. Helbing, Thomas Meures, V. Baum, D.F. Cowen, M. Tselengidou, R. Cross, Andrea Turcati, Teresa Montaruli, J. Stettner, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, L. Sabbatini, P. Peiffer, J. van Santen, Stijn Blot, K. D. de Vries, K. Hoshina, M. Mandelartz, Kendall Mahn, U. Katz, T. Kintscher, Gary Binder, A. Sandrock, George Japaridze, S. Tilav, B. J. P. Jones, A. R. Fazely, J. L. Kelley, E. Woolsey, M. E. Huber, Joshua Pepper, J. S. Gallagher, M. Richman, K. Wiebe, M. Tobin, J. Hignight, U. Naumann, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, Seongjin In, F. Lauber, A. Olivas, E. Pinat, Hermann Kolanoski, E. Unger, Elisa Resconi, Elisa Bernardini, Simona Toscano, C. De Clercq, F. Tenholt, Richard G. Strom, Philipp Eller, Kael Hanson, Carsten Rott, Markus Ackermann, S. Bron, T. Fuchs, S. W. Barwick, Maximilian Meier, Segev BenZvi, Paolo Desiati, A. Goldschmidt, S. Kunwar, F. Huang, Xianwu Xu, D. Altmann, Timothy W. Schmidt, K.-H. Becker, Yiqian Xu, J. Felde, S. Seunarine, E. Cheung, A. Steuer, M. Usner, A. Kheirandish, Dirk Ryckbosch, A. Obertacke Pollmann, F. Bos, J. G. Gonzalez, P. Schlunder, Hershal Pandya, Markus Ahlers, Wolfgang Rhode, V. di Lorenzo, Allan Hallgren, T. Palczewski, S. Schoenen, Sandro Kopper, C. Finley, D. Heereman, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, L. Brayeur, Naoko Kurahashi, I. Taboada, Dustin Hebecker, T. Anderson, K. Jero, S. R. Klein, M. G. Aartsen, Thomas Ehrhardt, Ramesh Koirala, H. Taavola, E. Blaufuss, K. Woschnagg, L. Classen, N. Wandkowsky, M. Relich, M. Wallraff, M. S. Kim, L. Wills, M. Voge, K. Krings, Woosik Kang, S. De Ridder, Benedikt Riedel, M. van Rossem, L. Gerhardt, Maryon Ahrens, M. Rameez, S. Euler, M. Medici, S. Coenders, M. Labare, J. Kunnen, D. V. Pankova, D. R. Nygren, Damian Pieloth, L. Wille, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, S. Wickmann, J. Auffenberg, Hans Niederhausen, A. Wallace, X. Bai, G. Neer, L. Köpke, Da Xu, R. Hellauer, G. Momenté, M. Vehring, M. Song, T. L. Carver, Sally Robertson, Sebastian Böser, P. B. Price, A. Waza, C. Haack, M. J. Weiss, T. Kittler, S. Flis, T. R. Wood, R. Reimann, Matthias Vraeghe, Sarah Mancina, Paul Evenson, M. Börner, Klas Hultqvist, K. Andeen, D. J. Koskinen, Björn Eichmann, Ö. Penek, L. Rädel, Gabriel Collin, Dmitry Chirkin, Alexander Kappes, A. Christov, B. Relethford, Daniel Bindig, T. Stezelberger, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, and Vriendenkring VUB
Subjects: FLUX, Sterile neutrino, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, TRACK RECONSTRUCTION, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy, Solar neutrino problem, LINE-EXPERIMENT-SIMULATOR, MODEL, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Neutrino detector, Physics and Astronomy, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino
Abstract: Physical review / D 95(11), 112002(2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.112002, We present a search for a light sterile neutrino using three years of atmospheric neutrino data from the DeepCore detector in the energy range of approximately 10–60 GeV. DeepCore is the low-energy subarray of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The standard three-neutrino paradigm can be probed by adding an additional light (Δm$^{2}_{41}$ ∼ 1 eV2) sterile neutrino. Sterile neutrinos do not interact through the standard weak interaction and, therefore, cannot be directly detected. However, their mixing with the three active neutrino states leaves an imprint on the standard atmospheric neutrino oscillations for energies below 100 GeV. A search for such mixing via muon neutrino disappearance is presented here. The data are found to be consistent with the standard three-neutrino hypothesis. Therefore, we derive limits on the mixing matrix elements at the level of $|U_{μ4}|^{2}, Published by APS, Woodbury, NY
Published: 2017
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39. A 258-year-long data set of temperature and precipitation fields for Switzerland since 1763

Author: N. Imfeld, L. Pfister, Y. Brugnara, and S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Climate reconstructions give insights in monthly and seasonal climate variability in the past few hundred years. However, for understanding past extreme weather events and for relating them to impacts, for example through crop yield simulations or hydrological modelling, reconstructions on a weather timescale are needed. Here, we present a data set of 258 years of daily temperature and precipitation fields for Switzerland from 1763 to 2020. The data set was reconstructed with the analogue resampling method, which resamples meteorological fields for a historical period based on the most similar day in a reference period. These fields are subsequently improved with data assimilation for temperature and bias correction for precipitation. Even for an early period prior to 1800 with scarce data availability, we found good validation results for the temperature reconstruction especially in the Swiss Plateau. For the precipitation reconstruction, skills are considerably lower, which can be related to the few precipitation measurements available and the heterogeneous nature of precipitation. By means of a case study of the wet and cold years from 1769 to 1772, which triggered widespread famine across Europe, we show that this data set allows more detailed analyses than hitherto possible.
Published: 2023
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40. The benefits of homogenising snow depth series – Impacts on decadal trends and extremes for Switzerland

Author: M. Buchmann, G. Resch, M. Begert, S. Brönnimann, B. Chimani, W. Schöner, and C. Marty
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Our current knowledge of spatial and temporal snow depth trends is based almost exclusively on time series of non-homogenised observational data. However, like other long-term series from observations, they are prone to inhomogeneities that can influence and even change trends if not taken into account. In order to assess the relevance of homogenisation for time-series analysis of daily snow depths, we investigated the effects of adjusting inhomogeneities in the extensive network of Swiss snow depth observations for trends and changes in extreme values of commonly used snow indices, such as snow days, seasonal averages or maximum snow depths in the period 1961–2021. Three homogenisation methods were compared for this task: Climatol and HOMER, which apply median-based adjustments, and the quantile-based interpQM. All three were run using the same input data with identical break points. We found that they agree well on trends of seasonal average snow depth, while differences are detectable for seasonal maxima and the corresponding extreme values. Differences between homogenised and non-homogenised series result mainly from the approach for generating reference series. The comparison of homogenised and original values for the 50-year return level of seasonal maximum snow depth showed that the quantile-based method had the smallest number of stations outside the 95 % confidence interval. Using a multiple-criteria approach, e.g. thresholds for series correlation (>0.7) as well as for vertical ( m) and horizontal ( km) distances, proved to be better suited than using correlation or distances alone. Overall, the homogenisation of snow depth series changed all positive trends for derived series of snow days to either no trend or negative trends and amplifying the negative mean trend, especially for stations >1500 m. The number of stations with a significant negative trend increased between 7 % and 21 % depending on the method, with the strongest changes occurring at high snow depths. The reduction in the 95 % confidence intervals of the absolute maximum snow depth of each station indicates a decrease in variation and an increase in confidence in the results.
Published: 2023
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41. GSDM-WBT: global station-based daily maximum wet-bulb temperature data for 1981–2020

Author: J. Dong, S. Brönnimann, T. Hu, Y. Liu, and J. Peng
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: The wet-bulb temperature (WBT; TW) comprehensively characterizes the temperature and humidity of the thermal environment and is a relevant variable to describe the energy regulation of the human body. The daily maximum TW can be effectively used in monitoring humid heat waves and their effects on health. Because meteorological stations differ in temporal resolution and are susceptible to non-climatic influences, it is difficult to provide complete and homogeneous long-term series. In this study, based on the sub-daily station-based HadISD (Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Database) dataset and integrating the NCEP-DOE reanalysis dataset, the daily maximum TW series of 1834 stations that have passed quality control were homogenized and reconstructed using the method of Climatol. These stations form a new dataset of global station-based daily maximum TW (GSDM-WBT) from 1981 to 2020. Compared with other station-based and reanalysis-based datasets of TW, the average bias was −0.48 and 0.34 ∘C, respectively. The GSDM-WBT dataset handles stations with many missing values and possible inhomogeneities, and also avoids the underestimation of the TW calculated from reanalysis data. The GSDM-WBT dataset can effectively support the research on global or regional extreme heat events and humid heat waves. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7014332 (Dong et al., 2022).
Published: 2022
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42. Statistical reconstruction of daily temperature and sea level pressure in Europe for the severe winter 1788/89

Author: D. Pappert, M. Barriendos, Y. Brugnara, N. Imfeld, S. Jourdain, R. Przybylak, C. Rohr, and S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: The winter 1788/89 was one of the coldest winters Europe had witnessed in the past 300 years. Fortunately, for historical climatologists, this extreme event occurred at a time when many stations across Europe, both private and as part of coordinated networks, were making quantitative observations of the weather. This means that several dozen early instrumental series are available to carry out an in-depth study of this severe cold spell. While there have been attempts to present daily spatial information for this winter, there is more to be done to understand the weather variability and day-to-day processes that characterised this weather extreme. In this study, we seek to reconstruct daily spatial high-resolution temperature and sea level pressure fields of the winter 1788/89 in Europe from November through February. The reconstruction is performed with an analogue resampling method (ARM) that uses both historical instrumental data and a weather type classification. Analogue reconstructions are then post-processed through an ensemble Kalman fitting (EnKF) technique. Validation experiments show good skill for both reconstructed variables, which manage to capture the dynamics of the extreme in relation to the large-scale circulation. These results are promising for more such studies to be undertaken, focusing on different extreme events and other regions in Europe and perhaps even further back in time. The dataset presented in this study may be of sufficient quality to allow historians to better assess the environmental and social impacts of the harsh weather.
Published: 2022
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43. A Bayesian approach to historical climatology for the Burgundian Low Countries in the 15th century

Author: C. Camenisch, F. Jaume-Santero, S. White, Q. Pei, R. Hand, C. Rohr, and S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Although collaborative efforts have been made to retrieve climate data from instrumental observations and paleoclimate records, there is still a large amount of valuable information in historical archives that has not been utilized for climate reconstruction. Due to the qualitative nature of these datasets, historical texts have been compiled and studied by historians aiming to describe the climate impact in socioeconomic aspects of human societies, but the inclusion of this information in past climate reconstructions remains fairly unexplored. Within this context, we present a novel approach to assimilate climate information contained in chronicles and annals from the 15th century to generate robust temperature and precipitation reconstructions of the Burgundian Low Countries, taking into account uncertainties associated with the descriptions of narrative sources. After data assimilation, our reconstructions present a high seasonal temperature correlation of ∼0.8 independently of the climate model employed to estimate the background state of the atmosphere. Our study aims to be a first step towards a more quantitative use of available information contained in historical texts, showing how Bayesian inference can help the climate community with this endeavor.
Published: 2022
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44. Pre-industrial temperature variability on the Swiss Plateau derived from the instrumental daily series of Bern and Zurich

Author: Y. Brugnara, C. Hari, L. Pfister, V. Valler, and S. Brönnimann
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: We describe the compilation of two early instrumental daily temperature series from Bern and Zurich, Switzerland, starting from 1760 and 1756, respectively. The series are a combination of numerous small segments from different observers at different locations within and outside the two cities that are converted to modern units and homogenized. In addition, we introduce a methodology to estimate the errors affecting daily and monthly mean values derived from early instrumental observations. Given the frequent small data gaps, we merge the two daily series into a more complete series representing the central Swiss Plateau. We finally compare the homogenized monthly series with other temperature reconstructions for Switzerland. We find significant differences before 1860, pointing to biases that might affect some of the most widely used instrumental data sets. In general, the homogenization of temperature measurements at the transition between the early instrumental and national weather service eras remains a problematic issue in historical climatology and has significant implications for other fields of climate research.
Published: 2022
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45. A baseline assessment of beach debris and tar contamination in Bonaire, Southeastern Caribbean

Author: Adolphe O. Debrot, Patrick S. Bron, Ramon de León, and Jimmy van Rijn
Subjects: Waste Products, Pollution, Water pollutants, media_common.quotation_subject, Baseline (sea), Tar, Aquatic Science, Contamination, Oceanography, Bathing Beaches, Debris, Tars, curacao, Caribbean Region, Water Pollutants, Transect, Geology, Maritiem, Environmental Monitoring, media_common
Abstract: Data on beach debris and tar contamination is provided for 21 natural beach sites in Bonaire, Southeastern Caribbean. Transects amounting to a combined length of 991 m were sampled March-May 2011 and a total of 8960 debris items were collected. Highest debris and tar contamination were found on the beaches of the windward east-coast of the island where geometric mean debris concentrations (± approx. 70% confidence limits) were 115±58 items m(-1) and 3408±1704 g m(-1) of beach front. These levels are high compared to data collected almost 20 years earlier on the nearby island of Curaçao. Tar contamination levels averaged 223 g m(-1) on windward beaches. Contamination levels for leeward west-coast beaches were generally two orders of magnitude less than windward beaches.
Published: 2013
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46. Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption

Author: M. G. Aartsen, G. C. Hill, A. Kyriacou, S. Robertson, A. Wallace, B. J. Whelan, M. Ackermann, E. Bernardini, S. Blot, F. Bradascio, H.-P. Bretz, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Franckowiak, E. Jacobi, T. Karg, T. Kintscher, S. Kunwar, R. Nahnhauer, K. Satalecka, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, A. Stasik, N. L. Strotjohann, A. Terliuk, M. Usner, J. van Santen, J. Adams, H. Bagherpour, J. A. Aguilar, I. Ansseau, D. Heereman, K. Meagher, T. Meures, A. O’Murchadha, E. Pinat, C. Raab, M. Ahlers, D. J. Koskinen, M. J. Larson, M. Medici, M. Rameez, M. Ahrens, C. Bohm, J. P. Dumm, C. Finley, S. Flis, K. Hultqvist, C. Walck, M. Zoll, I. Al Samarai, S. Bron, T. Carver, A. Christov, T. Montaruli, D. Altmann, G. Anton, T. Glüsenkamp, U. Katz, T. Kittler, M. Tselengidou, K. Andeen, M. Plum, T. Anderson, J. J. DeLaunay, M. Dunkman, P. Eller, F. Huang, A. Keivani, J. L. Lanfranchi, D. V. Pankova, G. Tešic´, C. F. Turley, M. J. Weiss, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, M. Moulai, J. Auffenberg, M. Brenzke, T. Glauch, C. Haack, P. Kalaczynski, J. P. Koschinsky, M. Leuermann, L. Rädel, R. Reimann, M. Rongen, T. Sälzer, S. Schoenen, L. Schumacher, J. Stettner, M. Vehring, E. Vogel, M. Wallraff, A. Waza, C. H. Wiebusch, X. Bai, J. P. Barron, W. Giang, D. Grant, C. Kopper, R. W. Moore, S. C. Nowicki, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, S. Sarkar, F. D. Wandler, C. Weaver, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, J. P. Yanez, S. W. Barwick, G. Yodh, V. Baum, S. Böser, V. di Lorenzo, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, L. Köpke, G. Krückl, G. Momenté, P. Peiffer, J. Sandroos, A. Steuer, K. Wiebe, R. Bay, K. Filimonov, P. B. Price, K. Woschnagg, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, F. Bos, B. Eichmann, M. Kroll, S. Schöneberg, F. Tenholt, K.-H. Becker, D. Bindig, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hoffmann, F. Lauber, U. Naumann, A. Obertacke Pollmann, D. Soldin, S. BenZvi, R. Cross, D. Berley, E. Blaufuss, E. Cheung, J. Felde, E. Friedman, R. Hellauer, K. D. Hoffman, R. Maunu, A. Olivas, T. Schmidt, M. Song, G. W. Sullivan, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, S. R. Klein, S. Miarecki, T. Palczewski, J. Tatar, M. Börner, T. Fuchs, M. Hünnefeld, M. Meier, T. Menne, D. Pieloth, W. Rhode, T. Ruhe, A. Sandrock, P. Schlunder, J. Soedingrekso, J. Werthebach, D. Bose, H. Dujmovic, S. In, M. Jeong, W. Kang, J. Kim, C. Rott, O. Botner, A. Burgman, A. Hallgren, C. Pérez de los Heros, E. Unger, J. Bourbeau, J. Braun, J. Casey, D. Chirkin, M. Day, P. Desiati, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, S. Fahey, K. Ghorbani, Z. Griffith, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, K. Jero, A. Karle, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, Q. R. Liu, W. Luszczak, S. Mancina, F. McNally, G. Merino, A. Schneider, M. N. Tobin, D. Tosi, B. Ty, J. Vandenbroucke, N. Wandkowsky, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, L. Wille, M. Wolf, J. Wood, D. L. Xu, T. Yuan, L. Brayeur, M. Casier, C. De Clercq, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, J. Kunnen, J. Lünemann, G. Maggi, S. Toscano, N. van Eijndhoven, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Kappes, S. Coenders, K. Krings, I. C. Rea, E. Resconi, A. Turcati, D. F. Cowen, J. P. A. M. de André, T. DeYoung, J. Hignight, D. Lennarz, K. B. M. Mahn, J. Micallef, G. Neer, D. Rysewyk, H. Dembinski, P. A. Evenson, T. K. Gaisser, J. G. Gonzalez, R. Koirala, H. Pandya, D. Seckel, T. Stanev, S. Tilav, S. De Ridder, M. Labare, D. Ryckbosch, W. Van Driessche, S. Vanheule, M. Vraeghe, M. de With, D. Hebecker, H. Kolanoski, A. R. Fazely, S. Ter-Antonyan, X. W. Xu, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, D. R. Nygren, G. T. Przybylski, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Ishihara, M. Kim, T. Kuwabara, L. Lu, K. Mase, M. Relich, A. Stößl, S. Yoshida, G. S. Japaridze, B. J. P. Jones, J. Kiryluk, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, H. Niederhausen, Y. Xu, G. Kohnen, S. Kopper, P. Nakarmi, J. A. Pepper, P. A. Toale, D. R. Williams, M. Kowalski, N. Kurahashi, B. Relethford, M. Richman, L. Wills, J. Madsen, S. Seunarine, G. M. Spiczak, R. Maruyama, K. Rawlins, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, C. F. Tung, M. Huber, M. G. Aartsen, G. C. Hill, A. Kyriacou, S. Robertson, A. Wallace, B. J. Whelan, M. Ackermann, E. Bernardini, S. Blot, F. Bradascio, H.-P. Bretz, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Franckowiak, E. Jacobi, T. Karg, T. Kintscher, S. Kunwar, R. Nahnhauer, K. Satalecka, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, A. Stasik, N. L. Strotjohann, A. Terliuk, M. Usner, J. van Santen, J. Adams, H. Bagherpour, J. A. Aguilar, I. Ansseau, D. Heereman, K. Meagher, T. Meures, A. O’Murchadha, E. Pinat, C. Raab, M. Ahlers, D. J. Koskinen, M. J. Larson, M. Medici, M. Rameez, M. Ahrens, C. Bohm, J. P. Dumm, C. Finley, S. Flis, K. Hultqvist, C. Walck, M. Zoll, I. Al Samarai, S. Bron, T. Carver, A. Christov, T. Montaruli, D. Altmann, G. Anton, T. Glüsenkamp, U. Katz, T. Kittler, M. Tselengidou, K. Andeen, M. Plum, T. Anderson, J. J. DeLaunay, M. Dunkman, P. Eller, F. Huang, A. Keivani, J. L. Lanfranchi, D. V. Pankova, G. Tešic´, C. F. Turley, M. J. Weiss, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, M. Moulai, J. Auffenberg, M. Brenzke, T. Glauch, C. Haack, P. Kalaczynski, J. P. Koschinsky, M. Leuermann, L. Rädel, R. Reimann, M. Rongen, T. Sälzer, S. Schoenen, L. Schumacher, J. Stettner, M. Vehring, E. Vogel, M. Wallraff, A. Waza, C. H. Wiebusch, X. Bai, J. P. Barron, W. Giang, D. Grant, C. Kopper, R. W. Moore, S. C. Nowicki, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, S. Sarkar, F. D. Wandler, C. Weaver, T. R. Wood, E. Woolsey, J. P. Yanez, S. W. Barwick, G. Yodh, V. Baum, S. Böser, V. di Lorenzo, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, L. Köpke, G. Krückl, G. Momenté, P. Peiffer, J. Sandroos, A. Steuer, K. Wiebe, R. Bay, K. Filimonov, P. B. Price, K. Woschnagg, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, F. Bos, B. Eichmann, M. Kroll, S. Schöneberg, F. Tenholt, K.-H. Becker, D. Bindig, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hoffmann, F. Lauber, U. Naumann, A. Obertacke Pollmann, D. Soldin, S. BenZvi, R. Cross, D. Berley, E. Blaufuss, E. Cheung, J. Felde, E. Friedman, R. Hellauer, K. D. Hoffman, R. Maunu, A. Olivas, T. Schmidt, M. Song, G. W. Sullivan, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, S. R. Klein, S. Miarecki, T. Palczewski, J. Tatar, M. Börner, T. Fuchs, M. Hünnefeld, M. Meier, T. Menne, D. Pieloth, W. Rhode, T. Ruhe, A. Sandrock, P. Schlunder, J. Soedingrekso, J. Werthebach, D. Bose, H. Dujmovic, S. In, M. Jeong, W. Kang, J. Kim, C. Rott, O. Botner, A. Burgman, A. Hallgren, C. Pérez de los Heros, E. Unger, J. Bourbeau, J. Braun, J. Casey, D. Chirkin, M. Day, P. Desiati, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, S. Fahey, K. Ghorbani, Z. Griffith, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, K. Jero, A. Karle, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, Q. R. Liu, W. Luszczak, S. Mancina, F. McNally, G. Merino, A. Schneider, M. N. Tobin, D. Tosi, B. Ty, J. Vandenbroucke, N. Wandkowsky, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, L. Wille, M. Wolf, J. Wood, D. L. Xu, T. Yuan, L. Brayeur, M. Casier, C. De Clercq, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, J. Kunnen, J. Lünemann, G. Maggi, S. Toscano, N. van Eijndhoven, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Kappes, S. Coenders, K. Krings, I. C. Rea, E. Resconi, A. Turcati, D. F. Cowen, J. P. A. M. de André, T. DeYoung, J. Hignight, D. Lennarz, K. B. M. Mahn, J. Micallef, G. Neer, D. Rysewyk, H. Dembinski, P. A. Evenson, T. K. Gaisser, J. G. Gonzalez, R. Koirala, H. Pandya, D. Seckel, T. Stanev, S. Tilav, S. De Ridder, M. Labare, D. Ryckbosch, W. Van Driessche, S. Vanheule, M. Vraeghe, M. de With, D. Hebecker, H. Kolanoski, A. R. Fazely, S. Ter-Antonyan, X. W. Xu, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, D. R. Nygren, G. T. Przybylski, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Ishihara, M. Kim, T. Kuwabara, L. Lu, K. Mase, M. Relich, A. Stößl, S. Yoshida, G. S. Japaridze, B. J. P. Jones, J. Kiryluk, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, H. Niederhausen, Y. Xu, G. Kohnen, S. Kopper, P. Nakarmi, J. A. Pepper, P. A. Toale, D. R. Williams, M. Kowalski, N. Kurahashi, B. Relethford, M. Richman, L. Wills, J. Madsen, S. Seunarine, G. M. Spiczak, R. Maruyama, K. Rawlins, M. Sutherland, I. Taboada, C. F. Tung, and M. Huber
Abstract: type:text
Published: 2017

47. The water, land and carbon footprint of conventional and organic dairy systems in the Netherlands and Spain. A case study into the consequences of ecological indicator selection and methodological choices

Author: S. Bronts, P.W. Gerbens-Leenes, and P. Guzmán-Luna
Subjects: Ecological indicator selection, Water footprint, Land footprint, Carbon footprint, Dairy systems, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract: Dairy farming systems are multifunctional processes that provide milk but also beef, veal and manure. These outputs provided by dairy farms are important foods for humans but their production require natural resources like water and land, and release emissions to the water and air contributing to climate change. Many studies quantified the environmental performance of dairy farms by using a life cycle assessment (LCA) or environmental footprint calculation. This study provides a better understanding of how different methodological decisions (e.g., the choice of system boundary, GHG metric, allocation procedure for multifunctionality, and multi-environmental indicators) influence the environmental performance calculation. From a footprinting point of view, the water footprints (WFs) (i.e., green, blue and grey), land footprints (LFs) and carbon footprints (CFs) of milk, beef and veal produced in two conventional (Dutch and Spanish) and an organic Dutch dairy system are estimated. Here the system boundaries are expanded so calve systems are included. Next, the use of different indicators is discussed, e.g., green WFs and the GWP100 or GWP20. The Dutch conventional system has relatively small footprints due to high efficiency. Green, blue and grey WFs per kg of milk are 0.62, 0.09 and 0.14 m3. The Spanish system has green, blue and grey WFs per kg of milk of 0.67, 0.15 and 0.09 m3; the Dutch organic system of 0.84, 0.13 and 0.26 m3. The Spanish system has the largest LF and CF, caused by feed import from countries with relatively low yields and transport greenhouse gas emissions. Dutch systems use more locally produced feed. Due to lower efficiency, the organic system has larger footprints than the Dutch conventional system. Expanding system boundaries to include calves results in an 8 to 15% CF increase. Green water dominates total WFs, an aspect excluded in LCA studies. For grey WFs, earlier studies only included nitrogen. However, if also pesticides would be included, results might be less favourable for systems relying on feed crops instead of grasslands. Also, water quality standards influence grey WFs. The study emphasizes that indicator choice influences final results. Indicators like animal welfare, biodiversity or pesticide use give different outcomes which might be more favourable for organic production.
Published: 2023
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48. Homogeneity assessment of Swiss snow depth series: comparison of break detection capabilities of (semi-)automatic homogenization methods

Author: M. Buchmann, J. Coll, J. Aschauer, M. Begert, S. Brönnimann, B. Chimani, G. Resch, W. Schöner, and C. Marty
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Knowledge concerning possible inhomogeneities in a data set is of key importance for any subsequent climatological analyses. Well-established relative homogenization methods developed for temperature and precipitation exist but have rarely been applied to snow-cover-related time series. We undertook a homogeneity assessment of Swiss monthly snow depth series by running and comparing the results from three well-established semi-automatic break point detection methods (ACMANT – Adapted Caussinus-Mestre Algorithm for Networks of Temperature series, Climatol – Climate Tools, and HOMER – HOMogenizaton softwarE in R). The multi-method approach allowed us to compare the different methods and to establish more robust results using a consensus of at least two change points in close proximity to each other. We investigated 184 series of various lengths between 1930 and 2021 and ranging from 200 to 2500 m a.s.l. and found 45 valid break points in 41 of the 184 series investigated, of which 71 % could be attributed to relocations or observer changes. Metadata are helpful but not sufficient for break point verification as more than 90 % of recorded events (relocation or observer change) did not lead to valid break points. Using a combined approach (two out of three methods) is highly beneficial as it increases the confidence in identified break points in contrast to any single method, with or without metadata.
Published: 2022
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49. Influence of warming and atmospheric circulation changes on multidecadal European flood variability

Author: S. Brönnimann, P. Stucki, J. Franke, V. Valler, Y. Brugnara, R. Hand, L. C. Slivinski, G. P. Compo, P. D. Sardeshmukh, M. Lang, and B. Schaefli
Subjects: Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: European flood frequency and intensity change on a multidecadal scale. Floods were more frequent in the 19th (central Europe) and early 20th century (western Europe) than during the mid-20th century and again more frequent since the 1970s. The causes of this variability are not well understood and the relation to climate change is unclear. Palaeoclimate studies from the northern Alps suggest that past flood-rich periods coincided with cold periods. In contrast, some studies suggest that more floods might occur in a future, warming world. Here we address the contribution of atmospheric circulation and of warming to multidecadal flood variability. For this, we use long series of annual peak streamflow, daily weather data, reanalyses, and reconstructions. We show that both changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture content affected multidecadal changes of annual peak streamflow in central and western Europe over the past two centuries. We find that during the 19th and early 20th century, atmospheric circulation changes led to high peak values of moisture flux convergence. The circulation was more conducive to strong and long-lasting precipitation events than in the mid-20th century. These changes are also partly reflected in the seasonal mean circulation and reproduced in atmospheric model simulations, pointing to a possible role of oceanic variability. For the period after 1980, increasing moisture content in a warming atmosphere led to extremely high moisture flux convergence. Thus, the main atmospheric driver of flood variability changed from atmospheric circulation variability to water vapour increase.
Published: 2022
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50. Characteristics and microstructure of aqueous colloidal dispersions of graphite oxide

Author: Yachin Cohen, H. Bianco-Peled, G.I. Titelman, R.L. Khalfin, S. Bron, and V. Gelman
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Aqueous solution, Scanning electron microscope, Scattering, Population, Analytical chemistry, Graphite oxide, General Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, chemistry, General Materials Science, Graphite, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, education
Abstract: A highly oxidized graphite oxide was synthesized from natural graphite powder by oxidation with KMnO4 in concentrated H2SO4 followed by hydrolysis, washing and centrifugation. Concentrated gel-like colloidal dispersions were obtained. The corresponding filtrates, supernatants, GO dispersions, and solid GO films obtained from them, were investigated by various chemical analyses, small angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction, light scattering (LS), Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis. The spectroscopic analysis shows besides the common peaks assigned to water molecules, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, elimination of C C bonds due to strong oxidation and presence of bands assigned to sulfate. Data of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry experiments confirm the presence in GO of water and an abundance of carboxyl groups. Scattering measurements confirm that the structure of the GO colloids consists of plate-like objects, mostly containing only a few layers, with a small population of thicker aggregates. SEM images of cross sections of dried GO film, obtained by freeze fracture, demonstrate that a continuous film-like structure was successfully achieved by elimination of water localized within exfoliated GO particles in the swelled GO aqueous colloidal dispersions.
Published: 2005
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