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Introduction Paraphrenia, classically known as a chronic delusional-hallucinatory psychosis, currently has an uncertain nosological status, not being included in DSM-5 either. It can be integrated into the group of schizophrenic and delusional psychoses, but with obvious distinctive attributes. Currently, in the context of the increase in the incidence of childhood autism, the psychopathological pictures from the spectrum of psychoses in adulthood are also diversifying. Paraphrenic clinical pictures retain their specificity regarding the subject’s functioning in life roles and the absence of cognitive impairment despite the absurdity of delusional ideas while maintaining a good insertion in reality. Objectives We refer to patients who can be classically classified in the diagnosis of paraphrenia, with the aim of bringing back into question the validity and authenticity of this nosological entity. Methods The case descriptions aim to highlight the common clinical-evolutionary attributes and the distinctive ones between paraphrenia and other schizophrenic and delusional psychoses, emphasizing the differentiations corresponding to the involvement of personality and the ability to function in life roles. Results It is confirmed that in the case of subjects who can be classified as paraphrenic, fundamental personality structures are preserved, a good adaptation in roles with insignificant cognitive deterioration phenomena, a well-preserved insight but with a high potential of unpredictability so characteristic of the world of psychoses. Conclusions We believe that paraphrenia remains a psychopathological and clinical entity within which, although opposites coexist, the reporting and adaptation to objective reality is preserved - thanks to “double accounting”. From this perspective, paraphrenia confirms its distinct nosological status. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder with behavioral implications, is complex and multifactorial in origin, and is characterized by an atypical and disproportionate emotional response to specific sounds or associated visual stimuli. Triggers include human-generated sounds, mainly sounds related to feeding and breathing processes, and repetitive mechanical sounds. In response to the triggering stimulus, the patient experiences immediate, high-intensity, disproportionate physical and emotional reactions that affect their quality of life and social functioning. The symptoms of misophonia can occur at any age, but onset in childhood or adolescence is most common. Affected children live in a constant state of anxiety, suffer continuous physical and emotional discomfort, and are thus exposed to significant chronic stress. Chronic stress, especially during childhood, has consequences on the main biological systems through the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, including the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we provide arguments for a positive correlation between misophonic pathology and gastrointestinal symptoms, and this hypothesis may be the starting point for further longitudinal studies that could investigate the correlations between these childhood vulnerabilities caused by misophonia and their effect on the gastrointestinal system. Further research to study this hypothesis is essential to ensure correct and timely diagnosis and optimal psychological and pharmacological support.

Abstract Background The challenges faced by professionals when working in the field of psychiatry require the development of adequate defensive and coping mechanisms. This study aimed to explore both coping strategies and defense mechanisms and their relationship in psychiatry trainees in Romania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine and evaluate both defensive and coping mechanisms of Romanian psychiatry trainees. Defensive Style Questionnaire-60 and COPE scale were applied to psychiatry trainees from five training centers in Romania. By applying structural equation modeling, models that presumed the existence of relationships between coping strategies and defensive mechanisms were analyzed. Results Superior defense mechanisms and task-oriented coping strategies were the commonly used approaches by psychiatry trainees. Furthermore, significantly consistent correlations (ranging from 0.2 to 0.5) between adaptive defense mechanisms and coping strategies focused on the problem or emotion were shown. Similarly, avoidant coping strategies correlated with non-adaptive defense mechanisms (correlations between 0.3 and 0.5). Our model presented good fit indices (X 2(34) = 64.324, p

Background and Objectives: Current psychiatric care is increasingly focusing on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Research is still trying to determine the main factors which influence QoL. The present study aims to assess the QoL of patients with chronic psychotic-spectrum disorders, as well as its relation to symptomatology, functionality, adaptive behavior, and perceived level of recovery. Materials and Methods: The study included a sample of 78 patients with chronic psychosis. Symptomatology and illness severity were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity (CGI-S) scales, respectively. The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAFS) and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II (ABAS-II)-Adult Form were used for the assessment of patients’ functionality, and the Quality-of-Life Inventory (QOLI) scale was applied for the evaluation of QoL. Results: According to the CGI-Severity scale, 20.5% of the patients were borderline mentally ill, and 24.4% were mildly ill. The highest number of patients (34.6%) were moderately ill, while 14.1% and 2.6% were markedly ill and severely ill, respectively. Among the moderately ill patients, more than half (63%) were patients with schizophrenia, 18.5% were patients with delusional disorder, and 18.5% were patients with schizoaffective disorder. Most of the patients (43.6%) presented moderate functioning deficiency, while 38.5% of the patients presented severe deficiency, according to the GAFS score. When assessed with the ABAS, we observed that almost half of the patients (44.9%) showed an average functioning across skill areas in the conceptual, social, and practical domains. A percent of 67.9% of the patients presented an average QoL, while 15.4% and 12.8% showed a very low and low QoL. QoL was not influenced by the patients’ symptomatology, gender, and education level. Having children, family support, better social and conceptual skills, and a higher perceived level of recovery was correlated with an increased QoL, hierarchical multiple regression R2 = 0.379, F(9, 68) = 2.616, and p = 0.012. Conclusions: Psychiatric interventions in psychosis should focus not only on symptoms’ control, but also on improving social and family support, as well as adaptive skills to increase the patients’ QoL.

Introduction: Paraphrenia, classically known as a chronic delusional-hallucinatory psychosis, currently has an uncertain nosological status, not being included in DSM-5 either. It can be integrated into the group of schizophrenic and delusional psychoses, but with obvious distinctive attributes. Currently, in the context of the increase in the incidence of childhood autism, the psychopathological pictures from the spectrum of psychoses in adulthood are also diversifying. Paraphrenic clinical pictures retain their specificity regarding the subject's functioning in life roles and the absence of cognitive impairment despite the absurdity of delusional ideas while maintaining a good insertion in reality. Objectives: We refer to patients who can be classically classified in the diagnosis of paraphrenia, with the aim of bringing back into question the validity and authenticity of this nosological entity. Methods: The case descriptions aim to highlight the common clinical-evolutionary attributes and the distinctive ones between paraphrenia and other schizophrenic and delusional psychoses, emphasizing the differentiations corresponding to the involvement of personality and the ability to function in life roles. Results: It is confirmed that in the case of subjects who can be classified as paraphrenic, fundamental personality structures are preserved, a good adaptation in roles with insignificant cognitive deterioration phenomena, a well-preserved insight but with a high potential of unpredictability so characteristic of the world of psychoses. Conclusions: We believe that paraphrenia remains a psychopathological and clinical entity within which, although opposites coexist, the reporting and adaptation to objective reality is preserved - thanks to "double accounting". From this perspective, paraphrenia confirms its distinct nosological status. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to cluster B personality disorders, NPD, HPD AND BPD were, at all times, subjects of constant debate regarding their common or similar roots/causes, their common traits and also their frequent overlaps. The three PD are still very difficult to separate due to their similar coping styles, triggers, behaviours and also their shared frame of emotions which greatly influence their relationships and also their response to treatment, be it pharmacological - used for the frequent decompensations, or therapy. In our analysis we are trying to capture and emphasize their interferences regarding not only their traits and facets but also their innate preferences for coping with reality and their view of it, for emotions and feelings and also for relationships and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New theories on psychological and emotional disorders reveal a bio-psychosocial causality as being determinant in the occurrence and development of such disorders. Therefore, therapeutic methods can no longer be limited to separate interventions, only through medication, psychotherapy or social support. This paper assesses the degree of association between two of the personality dimensions, Agreeability and Emotional Stability (as measured by DECAS; Sava, 2008), before and after combined therapy consisting of psychotherapy and an antidepressant (Escitalopram), within a sample of patients (N=32) suffering from generalised anxiety disorder occurring in comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. The results obtained indicate the fact that the association of Agreeability and Emotional Stability in the pre-treatment stage is moderate (r = .43), but it becomes stronger following combined intervention (r = .53). Due to the fact that the two dimensions represent determinants with regard to human and social relationships, as well as an individual's emotional stability, the positive change in the association contributes to the improvement of social, interpersonal and family relationships and of these patients' emotional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We intend to approach this interference from a personological dimensional perspective. Objectives: We intend to approach this interference from a personological dimensional perspective. Methods: We assessed the personality of the studied patients - diagnosed with pathological gambling - from a dimensional perspective by means of DECAS personality inventory elaborated according to the Big Five Factors dimensional model. We observed the relations between the values of the personality dimensions and the types of pathological gambling, respectively their Clinical and evolutional characteristics. We have determined that the personality dimensions condition both the clinical symptomatology and the integration in the therapeutic strategy of the subjects. To that effect, the values of the dimension Conscientiousness have the most obvious predictive role. Results: The delineation of the dimensional profile and its integration in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach, possible also in the absence of a categorical diagnosis of personality disorder, allows a personalized version and a more accurate one to approach the phenomenon. Conclusions: This dimensional approach of gambling needs further and more comprehensive studies and confirmations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Suicide should be a global public health concern. It is crucial to identify the risk factors for suicide in order to prevent their effects. Objectives: There are a lot of variables like demographic factors, social psychological aspects, mental illness, inadequate living environment or life events which can make a patient vulnerable for suicide. The aim of the study is to highlight as many factor as possible predisposing to suicide in young people. Methods: This is a retrospective study, including 103 patients aged between 16 and 25, who were hospitalized in Târgu Mure? Psychiatric Clinic No 2. For each of this patients, we took into account the demographic data, then we emphasized risk factors like conflict living environment and family environment, social support, negative life events, alcohol or drugs abuse, mental illness and personality disorders, other associated diagnoses and also we analyzed the suicide attempt methods. Results: Family conflicts and lack of social support are the biggest triggers for suicide in young people. Borderline personality disorder is the most common in young patients who committed suicide or al least, had suicidal ideation. The most commonly method of suicide was the ingestion of different substances. Conclusions: Nowadays, suicide in young people is a major problem because the number of cases is constantly increasing. Furthermore, there are new influencing factors like social networks for example and new social psychological aspects that are less investigated, but which represents real dangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Affective co-morbidities are often associated with Cluster B - personality disorders,so it is very important to pay attention when we put these diagnoses. Aim: To investigate the applicability of SCID II to patients with personality disorders. Material and method: We applied the SCID II - The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis II Personality Disorders, to a group of 10 patients with cluster B personality disorders with affective disorders as depression, anxiety or both admitted to The Psychiatric Clinic II Targu Mures, Romania at admission, at the end of the hospitalization, and every 3 months for a year (2009), which we compared with a group of 5 patients without affective disorders followed also for a year. Results: We observed the time needed to complete the test, the way of answering the questions, at both groups, from admission to discharge and every three months for a year. Conclusion: The diagnosis of personality disorders, with or without affective comordity can be established using this psychometric instrument - SCID II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the present, it is being discussed about the interference between psychiatric pathology and personality, a large part of the factors involved in the development of personality disorders constitute risk factors for psychiatric disorders. It is well known that there is an association between bipolar disorder and personality disorder approached from a categorical point of view such as borderline, narcissistic and obsessive compulsive personality disorder but also the fact that premorbid personality always conditions their prognosis. Objectives: Our study aims to highlight some associations between the personality structure approached from a dimensional point of view, the awareness of the disease, the compliance at the treatment and the functioning in the professional and family role of the patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: In this study, were included patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder who were admitted to the Psychiatry Clinic II from Tg. Mure?, between the ages of 30 and 55. Patients were in the phase of complete clinical remission at the time of evaluation. We evaluated their personality from a dimensional point of view using the DECAS scale, based on the "Big Five" dimensional model and applied the Birchwood Insight Scale for insight assessment. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder wasmade according toDSM-5 criteria. Results: There is an association between the personality dimensions and the clinico-evolutionary particularities of the bipolar disorder in the studied patients. Conclusions: Increased values of conscientiousness and agreeableness are a favorable prognostic factor. Low conscientiousness and increased neuroticism are aggravating prognostic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined burnout syndrome (BOS) as resulting from chronic workplace stress that hasn't been successfully managed. Until now, BOS has been treated using allopathic drugs and psychotherapy because it has been confused with major depressive syndrome.Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of hypnotherapy combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy in changing the personality traits and lifestyles of people in professions vulnerable to stress who have developed BOS.Design: The research team designed a one-group pre-and posttest study.Setting: The study was conducted in a private-practice office in Targu Mures, Romania.Participants: Participants were 30 patients at the private practice who had been diagnosed with BOS and volunteered to participate in the study.Intervention: The study alternated hypnotherapy sessions with psychological-counseling sessions, using a general therapeutic plan for all patients and customizing the plan for each participant.Outcome Measures: The study measured participants' BOS symptomatology and personality dimensions using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the DECAS Personality Inventory, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID5), and the Survey of Work Styles (SWS).Results: Significant changes occurred between baseline an postintervention in the dimensions of extraversion, agreeability, and emotional stability as well as impatience, anger, work involvement, time urgency, job dissatisfaction, and competitiveness. Significant differences existed in almost all personality traits evaluated with the PID-5 (P < .05).Conclusions: The combination of hypnotherapy and psychological counseling can treat BOS, increasing patients' quality of life by decreasing negative personality traits. The present study is important because it proposes a new therapeutic approach to BOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histrionic expressions can be found along the entire range of personality disorders, covering a diversity of symptoms and behaviors that potentially mimic/reproduce those of other psychiatric or somatic disorders. Thus, the diagnosis of HPD can represent a challenge to mental health professionals. Out of all PDs, HPD can be most frequently confused for NPD, BPD, or DPD. The present work aims to analyze the interferences of HPD and DPD, by initially setting the psychodynamic conceptualization of the self, followed by an inquiry into psychopathology. The phenomenological analytical framework follows similar and distinct cognitions underlining specific behaviors, affective responses, and particular interpersonal relationship patterns common to these PDs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of dependent features in psychiatry raises many problems of classification, etiology, and therapeutic approach to mental illnesses. Studies show that dependence is associated with insecurity, difficulties in making decisions, and fear of loneliness, but also with marked possessiveness and jealousy in different relationships, especially in couple relationships. We intended an evaluation from the perspective of the couple's relationship, the way in which the dependent features of the partners interfere with the functioning and harmonious development of the couple. We also studied the role of the couple in the evolution of patient's comorbidities. Early involvement in a couple's relationship, and also its quality, can become protective factors, or on the contrary, risk factors of psycho-behavioral relapses of patients with dependent personality disorders. Interpersonal relationships in couples can also create conditions of self-awareness regarding low self-esteem and vulnerability in patients with dependent personalities. This way we can create psychotherapeutic and socio-therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality disorders are often perceived as pervasive, inflexible, persistent patterns of experiences and behaviors that may contribute to underperformance in different fields such as social, occupational, and work-related. The "successful psychopath" it's a topic that gained attention recently, for this reason I looked for studies to verify whether it's a reality or just a theory. Among the personality disorders, antisocial, paranoid and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder showed the highest rate of negative results in the professional field. Among these individuals there was also a higher rate of axis I pathology. Regarding psychopathy's different layouts , the manipulative and deceitful style of the narcissist tends to be useful , narcissists showing the highest marked indicators of successful careers, often with satisfying incomes , socio-economic positions, leading jobs and better than average life conditions. The contemporary psychopath can be easily found having a white-collar job, his immoral behavior being hidden out of the sight of his co-workers, or simply ignored by them due to their lack of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good number of adults who have self-esteem problems or suffer from anxiety and depression were raised by histrionic mothers as children. Women with histrionic personality disorder have a low level of empathy. Not only that, but they tend to relate to their children as beings who must obey without question, "objects" to be decorated and displayed to the world. Mothers with histrionic personality disorder are impatient, critical, quick to anger, and tend to occupy all of their child's intimate space. Because they are extremely sensitive to criticism themselves, mothers with histrionic personality disorder cannot accept the idea that they could be wrong. Unable to accept that they are wrong, these mothers fail to develop intellectually and emotionally beyond a certain threshold. They establish absurd rules that their child must follow, a child who - later - will notice with amazement that his mother does not respect the rule. They will treat him with indifference and withdraw his affection as a method of punishing him, scold him often, and constantly check if he follows the rules they set. The criticism will come according to the emotional fluctuations of the mothers but will be motivated otherwise, usually through a much-inflated fault of the child. Adults who have such a childhood littered with drama and criticism from their mothers will have difficulty understanding what happened in the past and why they developed in a certain way. Almost without exception, like adults, they will have frequent anxiety and low self-esteem. Some develop performance anxiety, others obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In the case of some, their self-esteem is so damaged that they experience episodes of anger. Equally common as a result of such a difficult childhood are borderline, dependent, and avoidant personality disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]