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This scoping review explores the therapeutic strategies available for managing genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), a condition often underdiagnosed and undertreated despite significantly affecting women's quality of life. GSM results from decreased estrogen levels during menopause, leading to a range of symptoms including vulvovaginal atrophy and urinary tract issues. Material and Methods: we screened the literature for original studies with "menopause", "hormonal therapy", "vulvovaginal atrophy", "urinary incontinence", "urinary infections", "genitourinary syndrome". Results: A total of 451 relevant articles were retrieved. After screening, 19 articles were included in this scoping review. Discussion: First-line treatments typically include lubricants and moisturizers for short-term symptom relief, while unresolved or severe cases may warrant hormonal treatment. Topical hormonal treatments often have fewer side effects than systemic alternatives. Special attention is given to selective estrogen receptor modulators like ospemifene and steroid hormones like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which have shown beneficial effects on GSM symptoms. Moreover, innovative therapeutic approaches, such as laser treatment, are discussed in the context of their efficacy and accessibility. The safety of GSM hormonal therapy in women with a history or risk of cancer is also addressed, noting the need for more definitive research in this area. While there is a growing demand for tailored therapy, this scoping review emphasizes the importance of effective communication and counseling to allow women to make informed decisions about their treatment. Overall, this review underscores the need for increased awareness and further research into effective treatment options for GSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review explores the therapeutic strategies available for managing genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), a condition often underdiagnosed and undertreated despite significantly affecting women’s quality of life. GSM results from decreased estrogen levels during menopause, leading to a range of symptoms including vulvovaginal atrophy and urinary tract issues. Material and Methods: we screened the literature for original studies with “menopause”, “hormonal therapy”, “vulvovaginal atrophy”, “urinary incontinence”, “urinary infections”, “genitourinary syndrome”. Results: A total of 451 relevant articles were retrieved. After screening, 19 articles were included in this scoping review. Discussion: First-line treatments typically include lubricants and moisturizers for short-term symptom relief, while unresolved or severe cases may warrant hormonal treatment. Topical hormonal treatments often have fewer side effects than systemic alternatives. Special attention is given to selective estrogen receptor modulators like ospemifene and steroid hormones like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which have shown beneficial effects on GSM symptoms. Moreover, innovative therapeutic approaches, such as laser treatment, are discussed in the context of their efficacy and accessibility. The safety of GSM hormonal therapy in women with a history or risk of cancer is also addressed, noting the need for more definitive research in this area. While there is a growing demand for tailored therapy, this scoping review emphasizes the importance of effective communication and counseling to allow women to make informed decisions about their treatment. Overall, this review underscores the need for increased awareness and further research into effective treatment options for GSM.

The postmenopausal state covers 40% of modern women's lives and 50–70% of postmenopausal women report GSM symptoms such as vaginal dryness, itching, frequent inflammations, lack of elasticity, or dyspareunia. Consequently, a safe and effective method of treatment is crucial. In a group of 125 patients, a prospective observational study was performed. The aim was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of GSM symptoms using a protocol of three procedures in 6-week intervals. The vaginal pH, VHIS, VMI, FSFI, and treatment satisfaction questionnaire were used. The fractional CO2 laser treatment was effective in improving all the objective forms of evaluation: vaginal pH (from 5.61 ± 0.50 at the baseline up to 4.69 ± 0.21 in the 6-week follow-up after the third procedure); VHIS (12.02 ± 1.89 at the baseline vs. 21.50 ± 1.76); VMI (21.5 ± 5.66 vs. 48.4 ± 4.46). Similar results were obtained for FSFI: 12.79 ± 5.351 vs. 24.39 ± 2.733, where 79.77% of patients were highly satisfied. Fractional CO2 laser therapy increases the quality of life by having a beneficial effect on the sexual function of women with GSM symptoms. This effect is obtained by restoring the correct structure and proportions of the cellular composition of the vaginal epithelium. This positive effect was confirmed by both objective and subjective forms of evaluating GSM symptom severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharyngeal cancer is the second most common cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, predominately affecting the male sex, especially those with a history of alcoholism and chronic smoking. Although a high diversity of malignant tumors is present at this level, squamous cell carcinomas account for more than 90% of all of them. The authors aim to discuss the case of a 68-year-old patient admitted in our clinic for a giant infiltro-vegetative malignant tumor that included the tongue base, the bilateral vallecules, the lingual face of the epiglottis and the left free edge of the epiglottis, which produced an important mechanical obstruction of the upper aerodigestive tract, with the impossibility of visualizing the laryngotracheal axis and the hypopharynx. The elements of therapeutic management applied in this case are presented and commented, emphasizing the particularities of the surgical treatment, the problems encountered and their resolution. The success of a complete tumor resection, as well as preserving the functionality of the pharyngo-laryngeal region as much as possible contribute to the improvement of the results in the medium and long term, as well as assuring a superior quality of life for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Laryngeal papillomatosis is a condition strictly connected with HPV infection. • Laser CO2 microsurgery is a gold standard in treatment but papillomas often relapse. • Cidofovir reduces number of surgical procedures among patients with laryngeal papillomatosis. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is medical condition strictly connected with HPV infection of the epithelium of the upper respiratory track. The main treatment of lesions located in larynx or lower pharynx includes microsurgical excision by using CO2 laser. A thorough preoperative assessment of patients is extremely important, which should not only be based on traditional laryngological examination, but also on endoscopy of the larynx and the use of the NBI (narrow band imaging) technique to assess the vascularization of lesions. In patients with recurrent papillomas, neoadjuvant therapy with antiviral agents or agents that inhibit angiogenesis is also often used. Among our group of 31 patients with laryngeal papillomas, 15 people (48%) required repeated surgical intervention and additional antiviral therapy while 10 (33%) people had to undergo the procedure three or more times due to disease recurrence. In this article we will discuss that laryngeal microsurgery with a CO2 laser is an effective method of treating patients with laryngeal papillomatosis and we will present the possibilities of adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elongated soft palate is an abnormality that characterizes most brachycephalic dogs and contributes to the brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Palatoplasty is routinely performed in brachycephalic dogs; several surgical techniques exist. The use of surgical instruments such as monopolar electrocoagulation, CO 2 or diode laser, bipolar vessel sealing device and harmonic shears has become routine to reduce the operating time, the intraoperative risk of bleeding and the postoperative oedema. This prospective study aimed to compare the histomorphological effect of a CO 2 laser and LigaSure device in palates of dogs undergoing palatoplasty. Twenty owned brachycephalic dogs were included, 10 palatoplasties were performed using CO 2 laser and 10 using LigaSure™ device. The dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency. A transoral approach was performed: the elongated soft palate was grasped with Allis forceps and brought rostrally, the palatoplasty was performed using the tonsillar crypts as anatomical landmarks. Surgical specimens were routinely fixed in 10 % formalin. Two sections perpendicular to the surgical margins were trimmed from each sample, paraffin-embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Tissue damage induced by the two types of surgical devices was graded (1–4, from minimal to severe) and the depth of thermal injury measured in μm on captured images (using an image analysis program - ImageJ). Mean values and standard deviations (SD) were calculated based on six measurements for each sample. The tissue damage was graded 3.7±0.48 in group LigaSure™ and 2.8±1 in group Laser. The mean depth of thermal injury was 874.94±184.92 μm in the LigaSure™ group and 451,76±137,86 μm in the Laser group. The comparison between the two groups showed significant lower grade and extension of thermal injury in the palate samples obtained with CO 2 laser (p<0.05). Additionally, there is a lack of literature that correlates the histological changes with the clinical outcomes of the different palatoplasty methods in brachycephalic dogs. By comparing histological changes and clinical outcomes, we aim to provide valuable insights for optimizing the surgical approach for palatoplasty in brachycephalic dogs, ultimately improving postoperative outcomes for these patients. • In all palate samples, indications of thermal injury were noted along the surgical incision margins induced by both devices. • Soft palate ablation by a CO 2 laser induced less thermal tissue damage than an excision using a LigaSure™ device. • Both devices had comparable clinical results and intra- and post-operative complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser cutting has experienced a sharp development in recent years due to the advantages it implies in industrial production, the most important being: great diversity of processed materials, reduced cutting time, low processing cost, small percentage of removed material, and low impact on the natural environment. The problem of energy has become acute in the last year, so a new direction of research has taken shape, consisting of the optimization of the high energy consumptions involved in laser cutting. The objective of this research is to develop a computational and experimental model to estimate the melting efficiency. Additionally, the research seeks to establish some mathematical relationships that describe the law of variation of the melting efficiency depending on the input parameters in the CO2 laser cutting. The experimental determinations were carried out on Hardox 400 steel plates of 8 mm thickness. The input parameters were laser power, assist gas pressure, and cutting speed. The experimental data were statistically processed, and the results were verified with the Lagrange interpolation method. It was found that the maximum melting efficiency is influenced mainly by laser power (F = 3.06; p = 0.049), followed by speed and pressure. The results obtained show that the melting efficiency varies in the range (13.6–20.68) mm3/KJ. The maximum value of the melting efficiency (20 J/mm3) was obtained when the laser power was 5100 W, the cutting speed 1900 mm/min, and the gas pressure 0.5 bar, and the minimum efficiency under conditions of speed setting at 1700 mm/min and laser power of 5000 W. Linear and quadratic regression models were established to estimate the global mean efficiency according to two independent variables that act at the same time. The established calculation relationships contribute to the improvement of the literature and constitute a tool for practical applications. The results obtained allow the modeling of cutting parameters and the optimization of production costs in industrial processes that use laser cutting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn scars cause high morbidity in the form of contractures, body disfigurement, and itching, as well as a high emotional impact that adversely affects patient quality of life. Laser therapy has proven effective in this setting. It is superior to topical treatments and can be used in conjunction with surgery, helping to reduce morbidity. The use of lasers in hospital dermatology departments, however, is still limited. Carbon dioxide laser is the most widely used device for reducing scar thickness, improving textural abnormalities, and treating associated contractures, which may restore the mobility of these patients when it is altered. Pulsed dye laser treatments are particularly useful for reducing erythema in recent burn scars and preventing subsequent hypertrophy. Pigment laser treatments with short pulse durations (nanoseconds or picoseconds) can improve hyperpigmentation. In this article, we review the evidence for the use of laser therapy for burn scars and propose a treatment algorithm. Resumen: Las cicatrices por quemadura suponen una elevada morbilidad en forma de contracturas, desfiguración corporal y prurito, así como un elevado impacto emocional que disminuye la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Los dispositivos láser se han mostrado eficaces para su tratamiento, por encima de los tratamientos tópicos y complementarios a la cirugía, sin generar tanta morbilidad. Sin embargo, su uso en los departamentos de dermatología hospitalarios todavía está poco extendido. El láser más utilizado es el láser CO2 para tratar el grosor de la cicatriz, alteraciones texturales, y la posible contractura asociada, restaurando la movilidad de estos pacientes cuando se encuentra alterada. El láser de colorante pulsado es especialmente útil ante las cicatrices de quemaduras recientes con componente eritematoso y para prevenir el desarrollo de cicatrices hipertróficas posteriores. La hiperpigmentación puede mejorar con láseres de pigmento en modalidades de pulso corto (nano- y picosegundos). Revisamos la evidencia de estos dispositivos para el tratamiento de las cicatrices por quemaduras y aportamos una propuesta de algoritmo terapéutico.

The postmenopausal state covers 40% of modern women’s lives and 50–70% of postmenopausal women report GSM symptoms such as vaginal dryness, itching, frequent inflammations, lack of elasticity, or dyspareunia. Consequently, a safe and effective method of treatment is crucial. In a group of 125 patients, a prospective observational study was performed. The aim was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of GSM symptoms using a protocol of three procedures in 6-week intervals. The vaginal pH, VHIS, VMI, FSFI, and treatment satisfaction questionnaire were used. The fractional CO2 laser treatment was effective in improving all the objective forms of evaluation: vaginal pH (from 5.61 ± 0.50 at the baseline up to 4.69 ± 0.21 in the 6-week follow-up after the third procedure); VHIS (12.02 ± 1.89 at the baseline vs. 21.50 ± 1.76); VMI (21.5 ± 5.66 vs. 48.4 ± 4.46). Similar results were obtained for FSFI: 12.79 ± 5.351 vs. 24.39 ± 2.733, where 79.77% of patients were highly satisfied. Fractional CO2 laser therapy increases the quality of life by having a beneficial effect on the sexual function of women with GSM symptoms. This effect is obtained by restoring the correct structure and proportions of the cellular composition of the vaginal epithelium. This positive effect was confirmed by both objective and subjective forms of evaluating GSM symptom severity.

Introduction: The hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor, involving the head and neck in 60% of cases. It is rare in the larynx. In children, hemangiomas are more frequent on the subglottis, whereas in adults the most common site is the supraglottis. Laryngeal hemangioma with cavernous features isolated to the free edge of the vocal fold is a very rare clinical finding. We present 2 cases of glottic hemangioma. Both patients reported severe hoarseness. Cases: In the first patient, an extensive blue-purple mass was seen on the right vocal cord. The patient was posted for microlaryngeal surgery with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Second patient had a large, smooth, flesh-colored polypoid mass emanating from the left vocal cord. The patient was posted for microlaryngeal surgery. After 2 months, both patients showed a considerable voice improvement. Discussion: Vocal cord hemangiomas are very rare, and they usually cause problem in the voice of the patient. A vascular lesion that may mimic a hemangioma may sometimes result from an organizing hematoma following a hemorrhage on the vocal cords due to voice abuse. Laryngeal hemangiomas also need to be distinguished pathologically from polypoidal vascular granulation tissue that may be produced by laryngeal biopsy, intubation, or trauma. Indirect endoscopy is enough to diagnosis. No active treatment is advised for adult laryngeal hemangiomas unless the lesions are symptomatic or show a tendency to involve other parts. There is no uniformly accepted treatment of head and neck hemangiomas. Surgical excision with laser CO2 microlaryngoscopic techniques gives satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A papilomatose de laringe é a neoplasia benigna que mais freqüentemente acomete a laringe, tanto em crianças quanto em adultos. É causada pelo papiloma vírus humano, em especial pelos tipos 6 e 11. A apresentação clínica é variável e a evolução praticamente imprevisível, devido especialmente ao alto grau de recorrência típico desta entidade. Existem diversos relatos que demonstram associação entre esta doença e o carcinoma de células escamosas de laringe e de árvore traqueobrônquica. Acredita-se que a papilomatose seja um dos fatores que predisponham o paciente ao câncer, assim como o são o álcool, o fumo e a exposição à radiação ionizante. O objetivo do tratamento é a manutenção da via aérea e da função vocal. Para tanto, a microcirurgia com laser tem demonstrado os melhores resultados, apesar de não impedir as recorrências. Assim, os pobres índices de cura cirúrgica têm estimulado o desenvolvimento de estudos com quimioterápicos. A proposta do uso destes é reduzir a extensão da doença e a freqüência das recidivas, lentificando o crescimento do papiloma. Essas terapias adjuvantes, entretanto, ainda apresentam pouco sucesso a longo prazo. Realizamos aqui uma revisão da literatura a respeito do assunto, com ênfase nos aspectos de fisiopatologia, apresentação clínica e tratamento.

Lasers and intense light sources have made it possible to treat many diseases in dermatology. They also may be applied in aesthetic dermatology. These recommendations contain a summary of basic concepts, information on physical parameters and types of lasers used in modern dermatology. Part 1 of recommendations concerns the use of CO2, erbium:YAG lasers in dermatosurgery. Taken into consideration the wide use of CO2 lasers in dermatology, these lasers may be considered a basic therapeutic tool for every dermatologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are abnormal tracts that connect the lower gastrointestinal tract with the vagina. They can result from obstetric trauma, infection, local surgeries, cancer, radiation damage, and Crohn's disease. Despite the advances in surgical and clinical treatment, there is no consensus regarding the best line of treatment. Objective: To report five cases of patients with RVF submitted to intravaginal CO2 fractional laser treatment, as a complementary and additional therapeutic option in this scenery. Materials and methods: Five laser sessions with monthly intervals followed by complete evaluation through clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis were performed for all patients. Results: Three patients had complete resolution of symptoms after the end of planned vaginal laser sessions, whereas two patients reported significant improvement in symptoms. Four patients who had stopped having sex due to their condition admitted to resuming regular sexual activity. In addition, all five patients had closure of the fistulous track confirmed by pelvic MRI. No adverse events from vaginal laser therapy were reported by any of the patients. Conclusions: We believe this method to be a complementary, promising, and safe therapeutic alternative for the management of RVF. It may potentially enable return to regular sexual activity. Future studies using this therapeutic strategy are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this method in this clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Otorhinolaryngological Review / Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny (Index Copernicus) is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, a new method for measuring the power of light beams generated by fast-tranverse-flow CO2 lasers is presented. It consists in measuring the temperature of the gas before and after the discharge zone under the conditions when the output mirror of the optical cavity is blocked or not. Then, using a simple thermodynamic model, the emitted power is obtained. The method was tested in a continuous CO2 laser of the convective cooling type by transverse flow that can deliver a power up to 2 kW. The measured power agreed very well with that obtained with a commercial detector based on an absorbing material.

This research evaluates the influence of the CO2 laser cutting velocity in the heat-affected zone in a low-carbon steel. The control of laser cutting parameters is essential to ensure that the properties required in the material have not been affected, and avoid additional grinding processes on the cut surfaces. Morphologic, mechanic and microstructural tests were used to prove the influence of cutting process and its velocity on heat-affected zone. Transformation from ferritic into pearlitic structure and reduction in grain size were analyzed. Also, was evaluated a rise in hardness due to phase transformation. Better cutting conditions were evidenced in samples using a cutting velocity of 80 mm/s because the mean hardness obtained allow infer a good relation of properties and a smaller heat affected zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Klippel Trenaunay's syndrome (KTS) has three main characteristics: (1) varicose veins; (2) hypertrophy (soft tissue, bone); and (3) malformations (veins, capillaries). Hemangioma is a vascular anomaly in the form of endothelial cell tumors accompanied by cell hyperplasia. Vascular doppler examination and MSCT-scan arteriography found venous malformations, soft tissue thickening, capillary malformations and varicose veins which support the diagnosis of KTS syndrome. One case was reported, a 29-year-old male treated with a CO2 Laser (frequency 500; fluence 20ml; energy 63.69 J / cm2), combined Laser CO2 (frequency 500; fluence 20ml; energy 63.69 J / cm2) with Timolol maleate 0.5% every 4 hours occlusive and cryotherapy for hemangioma lesions. Significant improvement in lesions was obtained with the use of cryotherapy with a low recurrence rate compared to the use of CO2 laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancers in face region. The most concern for surgeons is success of treatment with high cure rate and good cosmetic result. There are several methods for treatment, including laser therapy. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the healing of wounds (recurrence and cosmetic outcome) after treatment by surgical ablation and irradiation by superpulsed mode of laser CO2. A total of 18 patients with BCC, age between 58-71 years, from both gender (7 males and 11 females) were included in the study. The tumorous mass was ablated firstly, then the tumor bed was irradiated using 5-8W Pulsed CO2 laser. The wounds were left open to secondary epithelization. Recurrence and cosmetic outcomes were observed after one year follow-up. The mean age of the participants was 66 years (range 58-71 years). The mean size (maximal diameter of lesion) was 9.3 mm (range: 7.2-11.3mm). 12 tumors (66.6%) were of the superficial type, 6 tumors (33.3%) were of the nodular type. No recurrence was observed one year after surgery. Slight scar was found in 3 cases (16.6%). There were no complications during the wound healing period. The present study showed that the surgical ablation combined with superpulsed CO2 laser is an effective option to treat BCC and to achieve high cure rates and good esthetic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of life preservation after anti-cancer therapy is a major challenge for breast cancer survivors. Approximately 42–70% of patients who receive systemic therapy for breast cancer, including endocrine therapy, will develop vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). For these patients, the commonly proposed gel-based treatments for topical applications are restrictive. Recently, innovative, non-hormonal therapeutic approaches, such as laser therapy, have emerged. The purpose of this feasibility study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of CO 2 laser therapy in women with a history of breast cancer. This prospective monocentric study included 20 patients with vulvovaginal atrophy who were treated at Henri Mondor University Hospital between 2017 and 2018. We included patients with a vaginal health index (VHI) score < 15 and a contraindication for hormone administration due to a history of breast cancer. Two carbon dioxide laser sessions were used. The treatment was delivered using the following settings: vaginal tightening, FinePulse (pulse width 0.9 ms), and energy density of 11.5 J/cm2 that allows coverage of 70% of the targeted vaginal area to be treated. All patients had their follow-up visit at one (M1), three (M3), and six (M6) months after the first treatment to evaluate efficacy of the treatment on vulvovaginal atrophy. Vaginal health index score and female sexual distress (FSD) score were used to assess treatment efficacy and its impact on sexual quality of life. A score ≥ 11 was associated with sexual dysfunction. The vaginal health index and female sexual distress scores were evaluated at baseline, M1, M3, and M6 of follow-up. The mean age of the patients was 56.1 ± 8.8 years (range, 27–69 years). Seventeen of the 20 patients had experienced menopause (mean menopausal age, 51.25 ± 1.5 years). At inclusion, the mean vaginal health index and the female sexual distress scores were 10.58 ± 1.71 and 21.36 ± 15.10, respectively. Fourteen out of 20 patients (70%) had FSD scores ≥ 11 at the baseline. At M1, the mean vaginal health index score increased significantly to 13.42 ± 2.3 (P = 0.03), which represented an improvement of 21% from the baseline. A persistent and significant improvement in the vaginal health index score was observed at M6, with the score increasing to 16.75 ± 4.23 post-treatment (P < 0.0001), representing a 34% improvement from the mean baseline score. The mean female sexual distress at M1 was 19.83 ± 13.57, representing a 7% decrease compared to the baseline scores (P < 0.01). At M3, the female sexual distress significantly decreased to 13.88 ± 15.58, representing an improvement of 35% (P = 0.006). It increased to 10.35 ± 14.7 at M6, representing an improvement of 52% (P = 0.001). At M3, 35% of the patients had a female sexual distress score > 11, and at M6, only 15% had a female sexual distress score > 11. No side effects were reported during follow-up. This pilot feasibility study showed that carbon dioxide laser treatment appears to be an effective and safe method to improve the trophicity and decrease vaginal mucosal dryness in women with vulvovaginal atrophy that developed after systemic breast cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light‐based technologies are applied in various fields of medicine: for example optical diagnostics, light‐activated therapy and surgery. Although light‐based surgical procedures had hardly been a novelty, the revolutionizing moment for surgery came with the first use of light to cut tissue. Nowadays, surgical lasers are routinely used across numerous medical specialties, including gynaecology and urology. They are a part of the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate carcinoma, penis carcinoma, genital skin lesions and orchidectomy. While in human urology lasers continue to establish their position as one of the standard surgical tools, veterinary patients are rarely treated with what here is still considered a technical innovation. However, through research on laser treatment of the prostate hyperplasia conducted on a canine model, veterinary medicine has gained a massive portion of data. It may prove beneficial for our clinical patients. In this review, we introduce the very principles of laser surgery as well as its current and future applications in oncologic surgery of the canine prostate gland and the male reproductive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is characterized by exophytic, benign, and papillary lesions infected by the virus in the epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. RRP is caused by persistent infection of the respiratory epithelium by human papillomavirus (HPV) HPV6 and-11. The clinical course of RRP is unpredictable, frequently relapsing, and may be lifelong. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of intralesional Cidofovir in the treatment of RRP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have selected articles on the use of cidofovir as adjuvant therapy in laryngeal papillomatosis. We reviewed 20 reports that enrolled 185 patients with "adult onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis" (AORRP) and 85 patients with "juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis" (JORRP). We evaluated concentration of cidofovir, number of injections, injection interval, therapeutic response, side effects, and progression to dysplasia. RESULTS: The mean concentration of cidofovir was 7.5 mg/ml at injection. The mean number of injections per patient is 6 with 26 days between injections. The percentage of patients with dysplasia after use of cidofovir is 1.48%. The AORRP response to cidofovir is better with a 74% complete response rate, compared to 56.5% of the JORRP. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesion use of cidofovir has a good adjuvant action in RRP increasing the complete remission of the disease. The treatment does not increase the risk of laryngeal dysplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la Oftalmología ha sufrido una verdadera revolución desde la aparición de la tecnología láser, específicamente en Cirugía Plástica Ocular, con el advenimiento del láser de CO2. Objetivo: describir los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a Cirugía Plástica Ocular con láser de CO2. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en el Hospital General Docente “Abel Santamaría”, entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2015. El universo fueron 1536 pacientes sometidos a CPO y la muestra, 319 casos sometidos a cirugía con láser de CO2. El análisis de la información se realizó en Microsoft Excel 2010 y los resultados se presentaron en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes presentó edad entre 40 y 60 años (51,4 %), eran mujeres (60,5 %), de piel blanca (56,4 %) y se realizaron la cirugía con finalidad terapéutica (67 %). El tumor de párpado (30,1 %) fue la afección más frecuente, seguido de la dermatochálasis (26,3 %) y el ectropion (12,8 %). El tiempo quirúrgico que predominó fue el de menos de 30 minutos (44,5 %) y las complicaciones transoperatorias y posoperatorias fueron escasas. El grado de satisfacción fue bueno en el 93,3 %. Conclusiones: los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a cirugía plástica ocular con láser de CO2 fueron satisfactorios al mostrarse en la mayoría de los pacientes un tiempo quirúrgico relativamente corto, bajo número de complicaciones y un grado de satisfacción bueno.

The impaction of permanent maxillary canine is a common clinical occurrence, and it is observed in 2% of patients who require orthodontic treatment. This case report describes a new orthodontic-surgical approach through the use of CO2 laser, for the exposure of the palatally impacted canines. A 13-year-old female referred to our observation to make an orthodontic examination because of the maxillary primary canines’ persistence in upper arch. Orthopanoramic X-ray showed impaction of both permanent maxillary canines. The family history revealed that the patient’s mother had the same orthodontic problem. Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) was requested to plan the surgical-orthodontic treatment. Surgical exposure of the impacted canines was performed using a CO2 laser and subsequent periodontal pack application. No orthodontic devices were applied for impacted teeth traction on dental arch. Canines’ movement was monitored at 1, 8 and 16 weeks post-surgery with photo and intraoral scanner CS3500 (CS3500®, Carestream Health, Atlanta, GA, USA). When canine crowns were completely erupted on palatal side, the alignment in the arch with indirect bonding technique was performed. Complete disimpaction of canine crowns was obtained in only four months. As reported in the literature, this case confirms that impacted canines’ exposure to CO2 laser has advantages if compared with traditional surgery: no bleeding during and after the procedure, decontaminant effect on the surgical area, no suture, and a fast spontaneous eruption. Conclusions: The pre-orthodontic uncovering and autonomous eruption of palatally impacted maxillary canines provides simplified, predictable, and more aesthetic outcomes. Furthermore, a significant positive factor is that there is no need to carry out the orthodontic traction of the impacted element, undoubtedly better compliance by the patient during the next alignment phase with the fix orthodontic appliance.

Copyright of Polish Otorhinolaryngological Review / Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny (Index Copernicus) is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Laser therapy is known as an efficient approach in dermatology surgery. CO2 laser therapy is a gold standard treatment in skin surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the interferons change after CO2 laser surgery Methods: Significant differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) of arm skin after 7 days of treatment by the CO2 laser relative to the controls are downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and are included in the protein-protein interaction network via a STRING database (an application of Cytoscape software). The central DEGs were identified and enriched via gene ontology by using Clue GO software. Results: A network including 78 DEGs and 100 neighbors was constructed and STAT1, MX1, ISG15, OAS1, IFIT1, IRF8, OASL, OAS2, and RSAD2 as hubs and STAT1, PTPRC, MX1, IRF8, ISG15, IL6, RORC, SAMSN1, and IFIT1 as bottlenecks were introduced. The cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, interferon gamma signaling, hepatitis C, interferon alpha/beta signaling, and the type I interferon signaling pathway were identified as 5 clusters of biological terms which are related to the central nodes. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway is the major pathway that is dysregulated after laser application in the treated skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are defined as any connection between the anorectum and the vagina. They can have several causes, being Crohn's disease, the second leading cause of RVFs, responsible for ~10% of the RVFs. Despite the advances in surgical and clinical treatment, there is no consensus regarding the best line of treatment. Objective: To report another therapeutic option, we describe the case of a patient with Crohn's disease and RVF refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, submitted to intravaginal CO2 fractional laser treatment. Materials and methods: Three laser sessions with monthly interval and analysis by clinical examination, sexual evaluation questionnaire, and magnetic resonance of the pelvis were performed. Results: We obtained an important improvement of the symptoms and of the dimension of the fistulous path. Conclusions: We believe this method to be a complementary, promising, and safe therapeutic alternative for the management of vaginal fistula. Future studies using this therapeutic strategy are needed to confirm the efficacy of this method in this clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Szczepkowska Aleksandra, Osica Piotr, Janas-Naze Anna. Zastosowanie lasera CO2 podczas zabiegu chirurgicznego usunięcia naczyniaka jamistego wargi dolnej u 78-letniej pacjentki = The use of CO2 laser during surgery to remove hemangioma lower lip at the 78-year-old patient. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(3):97-105. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47725 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3426 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/720683 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.01.2016. Revised 12.02.2016. Accepted: 27.02.2016. Zastosowanie lasera CO2 podczas zabiegu chirurgicznego usunięcia naczyniaka jamistego wargi dolnej u 78-letniej pacjentki The use of CO2 laser during surgery to remove hemangioma lower lip at the 78-year-old patient Aleksandra Szczepkowska, Piotr Osica, Anna Janas-Naze Zakład Chirurgii Stomatologicznej UM w Łodzi Kierownik: dr hab. n. med. prof. nadzw. Anna Janas-Naze Adres do korespondencji: Aleksandra Szczepkowska Zakład Chirurgii Stomatologicznej UM w Łodzi 92-213 Łódź, ul. Pomorska 251 e-mail: aleksandra.szczepkowska@gmail.com tel. 42 675 75 71 Praca finansowana przez Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi w ramach działalności statutowej nr 503/2-163-01/503-21-001 Streszczenie: W pracy przedstawiono przypadek zastosowania lasera CO2 do wykonania zabiegu usunięcia naczyniaka jamistego wargi dolnej u 78-letniej pacjentki. Słowa kluczowe: naczyniak jamisty, laser CO2. Summary: The article describes a case of hemangioma, methods of diagnostic and treatment. Key words: hemangioma, CO2-laser.

Oral melanomas commonly occur in elderly dogs resulting in darkly pigmented areas of the mouth, tongue and gums. The main object of this study was a severe melanoma diagnosed in the jaw of a 15-year-old dog and its palliative treatment with electrochemotherapy. The tumour spread throughout the jaw including bones. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin and calcium solution (CaCl2) was combined with standard and CO2 laser surgeries. The treatment resulted in good local control of the tumour mass after one ECT session with bleomycin and a second ECT session with calcium ions solution. ECT significantly reduced bleeding and enhanced success of the surgery. The combination of ECT with surgical debulking resulted in rapid recovery and regaining of physiological activities, including normal feeding by the dog. This case demonstrates that the protocol combining ECT and surgery is promising in palliative melanoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichen amyloidosis is a primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Different types of treatment have been used without complete resolution. Herein, we report a case of patient suffering from lichen amyloidosis successfully treated with fractional ablative laser CO2. He was a 59-year-old man diagnosed lichen amyloidosis localized on the legs 10 years ago. He was treated with topical corticosteroids without any improvement. Then, we started treating the affected area with CO2 laser (limmer*) at a setting of 5-8 J/cm2 and 8 mm laser spot size. A considerable improvement was noticed after the first session. A total healing was reported after four sessions. To the best of our knowledge, only 11 reported cases of lichen amyloidosis have been successfully treated with laser CO2. However, our clinical finding seems to be one of the best reported results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

W artykule przedstawiono przypadek 31-letniego pacjenta chorego na hemofilię A, z licznymi rozsianymi zmianami naczyniowymi na skórze moszny. Hemofilia jest chorobą dziedziczną, należącą do wrodzonych skaz osoczowych, recesywną sprzężoną z płcią (sprzężoną z chromosomem X). Chorują na nią głównie męż‑ czyźni, kobiety są nosicielkami zmutowanego genu. Częstość jej występowania w Polsce wynosi 1:16 000. Zarejestrowanych jest około 2000 chorych. Powyżej wspomniane zmiany naczyniowe moszny stanowiły istot‑ ny problem zarówno kosmetyczny, jak i psychologiczny pacjenta, dlatego wykonano ich resekcję. Kwalifika‑ cję do postępowania operacyjnego znacznie utrudniał fakt, że pacjent chorował na hemofilię A. Zwiększyła ona ryzyko krwawienia w przypadku usunięcia zmian o charakterze naczyniowym. Standardowym schema‑ tem procedury przedoperacyjnej u chorych na hemofilię jest włączenie do leczenia czynnika VIII. W celu zmniejszenia ryzyka krwawienia do usuwania zmian użyto lasera CO2 CTL 1401. W artykule opisano trzy etapy postępowania: przedoperacyjny, zabieg oraz przebieg pooperacyjny z pomyślnym wynikiem. Zastoso‑ wanie chirurgii laserowej przyczyniło się do skrócenia czasu zabiegu, który przebiegł bez powikłań. Po 4 dniach hospitalizacji pacjent został wypisany do domu w stanie ogólnym i miejscowym dobrym, bez cech krwawie‑ nia. Autorzy artykułu są zdania, że zastosowanie CO2 w chirurgii laserowej u chorych na hemofilię zajmuje ważne miejsce wśród metod nowoczesnej technologii laserowej, która zapewnia standardowe środki ostrożności i charakteryzuje się powszechną dostępnością aparaturową.

Early-stage dental demineralization, called white spots (WS), get their name from the characteristic colour that enamel takes on due to the acid attack of salivary cariogenic bacteria. They are often associated with fixed orthodontic therapy (FOT) and, if left untreated, evolve into caries with repercussions on oral health and dental aesthetics. This review aims to identify the most effective prophylaxis strategies to prevent WS during FOT. The search for the reviewed studies was conducted on the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, selecting English-only articles published in the 5 years from January 2018 to January 2023. The keywords used were "WS" and "fixed orthodontic*", using "AND" as the Boolean operator. A total of 16 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Prevention begins with maintaining proper oral hygiene; fluoride in toothpaste, mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, and sealants can be added to prophylaxis and used regularly. Using a laser in combination with fluoride helps prevent the occurrence of WS and assists in the repair processes of initial lesions. Further studies are needed to establish international guidelines for preventing WS in orthodontically treated patients.

Linear epidermal nevus is a congenital malformation characterized by linear, often one-sided arrangement. The lesions are localized along the Blaschko's lines, are present at birth, or appear in early childhood. They can be single or multiple, and have various colors–from skin color to dark brown. These lesions persist through the whole life making a significant cosmetic defect. Here, we present three clinical cases of epidermal nevus treated with CO2laser. In a female patient, verrucous, dark brown skin eruptions were observed at the back of earlobe and down the neck. In the cases of the male patients, the lesions were located in the area of the neck and left blade. The removal of nevi was performed in stages, by cutting and evaporation using a CO2laser. A very good therapeutic effect was obtained. CO2laser treatment is the method of choice for the removal of extensive epidermal nevi. It is characterized by high efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Ingrown toenails are one of the most common nail disorders, with complex and multifactorial causes, for all age groups, mostly young adults. The essence of disease is congenital or acquired distortion of the proportions between the size of the nail bed and the nail folds. Laser treatment consists of the vaporisation of the matrix and bed, i.e. the reproductive sphere of the nail, using a CO2 laser. Aim of the research: Evaluation of the effectiveness of laser dissection using a CO2 laser. Material and methods: The methodology was divided into two stages. The first stage consisted of a retrospective analysis of the medical documentation of 165 patients who had undergone laser CO2 dissection, during the period from February 2011 to May 2015 in the Laser CO2 Surgery Room, according to the developed scheme. The second stage was follow-up control of patients participating in the study, a week and then a month after surgery. In addition, in May 2015 90 patients were audited in terms of effectiveness and satisfaction of the treatment and recurrence of symptoms. The remaining 70 patients answered these questions by telephone. Results and conclusions: Laser dissection of the ingrown nail with matrixectomy is a very effective method, only in 4 (2%) patients was there a recurrence. Nearly 90% of patients expressed satisfaction with the outcome of the surgery. The cause of dissatisfaction was sometimes an anaesthetic appearance of the nail apparatus. Nearly 70% of patients were children and young adults aged up to 23 years. The most frequent cause of ingrown toenail was wearing inappropriate shoes and incorrect cutting of toenails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early laryngeal cancer in T2 stage of vocal cord has been treated with transoral laser surgery - chordectomy type Vc technique. Quality of voice obtained after surgery was social efficient, acceptable by patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Forum is the property of Dental Forum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar, do ponto de vista anatomopatológico, os efeitos térmicos encontrados na pele de ratos wistar após a aplicação do laser de CO2 e do laser erbium. Utilizaram-se oito ratos submetidos a tricotomia em toda a região toracodorsal. Selecionaram-se duas áreas separadas, as quais receberam a aplicação do laser. Na primeira foram realizadas duas passadas do laser de CO2 e na segunda, duas passadas do laser erbium. A área-controle correspondeu àquela imediatamente adjacente à área submetida ao laser. A análise microscópica da lesão causada pelo laser de CO2 revela lesão em forma de U, com ablação completa da epiderme em toda a sua extensão. A derme superficial apresenta degeneração do colágeno, correspondendo ao dano térmico residual, e a transição deste para a derme normal é bem demarcada. Na pele lesada com laser erbium observa-se também extensa área de pele lesada em forma de platô, com algumas pequenas áreas de pele não-lesada. Pode-se observar, ainda, dano do colágeno na derme superficial, porém mais discreto que aquele causado pelo CO2.

The laser treatments are therapies with proven themselves for over thirty years in the medical field. There are several lasers in dentistry: - Nd Yap (1340 nm), Nd YAG (1064 nm), LED (910nm) absorbed in the soft tissues are called "penetrating laser". - Other lasers such as CO2 laser (10600 nm) or Erbium YAG (2940 nm) with an ablative photo effect (soft tissue for CO2 - hard tissue for the Erbium Yag) are called "low penetrating laser". The aim of this work is to identify the indications for choosing the CO2 laser illustrated by clinical cases performed with the laser SHARPLAN (1020), from 1992 to present. These cases mainly concern the soft tissue surgery. The laser CO2 is bactericidal, It allows cutting of soft tissue without bleeding. It will present an incision soft tissue in focused mode like a real knife light. It will present a peeling surface in defocused mode with much smaller postoperative following Indications for choosing other lasers wavelengths will be discussed and debated. The CO2 laser despite its age still retain all its relevance in our laser armamentarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Infantile hemangiomas are one of the most common benign tumors and affect approximately 1-2% infants. Congenital subglottic hemangiomas are the most common respiratory tract neoplasms in children and may result in respiratory failure which can be fatal. Aim. Evaluation of different methods of treatment of infantile hemangiomas. Materials and methods. The study included 18 children - 6 with laryngeal hemangioma, 1 with concomitant skin hemangioma, 2 with hemangioma piriform recess, 4 within the parotid gland, 3 with hemangioma of the scalp, 2 - with location on the tongue, 1 with nose hemangioma and 1 situated in trachea. Patients were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology in 2010-2014. Results. In 6 cases, treatment with propranolol was instituted. In 2 children with subglottic hemangioma the tracheotomy was performed, 1 child required tracheal intubation immediately. In 7 cases, tumors were removed by surgery (in 4 cases by endoscopy and in 3 with the use of CO2 laser). Conclusions. Propranolol treatment of infantile hemangiomas is associated with minimal risk of side effects and can be continued at home. Its effectiveness causes that protracted use of setroids, prolonged intubation or even surgical intervention are no longer necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)