731 results on '"Hase, F"'
Search Results
2. Revisiting global fossil fuel and biofuel emissions of ethane
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Tzompa‐Sosa, ZA, Mahieu, E, Franco, B, Keller, CA, Turner, AJ, Helmig, D, Fried, A, Richter, D, Weibring, P, Walega, J, Yacovitch, TI, Herndon, SC, Blake, DR, Hase, F, Hannigan, JW, Conway, S, Strong, K, Schneider, M, and Fischer, EV
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Climate Action ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience - Abstract
Recent measurements over the Northern Hemisphere indicate that the long-term decline in the atmospheric burden of ethane (C2H6) has ended and the abundance increased dramatically between 2010 and 2014. The rise in C2H6 atmospheric abundances has been attributed to oil and natural gas extraction in North America. Existing global C2H6 emission inventories are based on outdated activity maps that do not account for current oil and natural gas exploitation regions. We present an updated global C2H6 emission inventory based on 2010 satellite-derived CH4 fluxes with adjusted C2H6 emissions over the U.S. from the National Emission Inventory (NEI 2011). We contrast our global 2010 C2H6 emission inventory with one developed for 2001. The C2H6 difference between global anthropogenic emissions is subtle (7.9 versus 7.2 Tg yr-1), but the spatial distribution of the emissions is distinct. In the 2010 C2H6 inventory, fossil fuel sources in the Northern Hemisphere represent half of global C2H6 emissions and 95% of global fossil fuel emissions. Over the U.S., unadjusted NEI 2011 C2H6 emissions produce mixing ratios that are 14-50% of those observed by aircraft observations (2008-2014). When the NEI 2011 C2H6 emission totals are scaled by a factor of 1.4, the Goddard Earth Observing System Chem model largely reproduces a regional suite of observations, with the exception of the central U.S., where it continues to underpredict observed mixing ratios in the lower troposphere. We estimate monthly mean contributions of fossil fuel C2H6 emissions to ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate surface mixing ratios over North America of ~ 1% and ~8%, respectively.
- Published
- 2017
3. Ubiquitous atmospheric production of organic acids mediated by cloud droplets
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Franco, B., Blumenstock, T., Cho, C., Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.-F., De Mazière, M., De Smedt, I., Dorn, H.-P., Emmerichs, T., Fuchs, H., Gkatzelis, G., Griffith, D. W. T., Gromov, S., Hannigan, J. W., Hase, F., Hohaus, T., Jones, N., Kerkweg, A., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Lutsch, E., Mahieu, E., Novelli, A., Ortega, I., Paton-Walsh, C., Pommier, M., Pozzer, A., Reimer, D., Rosanka, S., Sander, R., Schneider, M., Strong, K., Tillmann, R., Van Roozendael, M., Vereecken, L., Vigouroux, C., Wahner, A., and Taraborrelli, D.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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4. Bias corrections of GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4 with TCCON data and their evaluation using aircraft measurement data
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Inoue, M, Morino, I, Uchino, O, Nakatsuru, T, Yoshida, Y, Yokota, T, Wunch, D, Wennberg, PO, Roehl, CM, Griffith, DWT, Velazco, VA, Deutscher, NM, Warneke, T, Notholt, J, Robinson, J, Sherlock, V, Hase, F, Blumenstock, T, Rettinger, M, Sussmann, R, Kyrö, E, Kivi, R, Shiomi, K, Kawakami, S, De Mazière, M, Arnold, SG, Feist, DG, Barrow, EA, Barney, J, Dubey, M, Schneider, M, Iraci, LT, Podolske, JR, Hillyard, PW, Machida, T, Sawa, Y, Tsuboi, K, Matsueda, H, Sweeney, C, Tans, PP, Andrews, AE, Biraud, SC, Fukuyama, Y, Pittman, JV, Kort, EA, and Tanaka, T
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Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences - Abstract
We describe a method for removing systematic biases of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) and CH4 (XCH4) derived from short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We conduct correlation analyses between the GOSAT biases and simultaneously retrieved auxiliary parameters. We use these correlations to bias correct the GOSAT data, removing these spurious correlations. Data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) were used as reference values for this regression analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of this correction method, the tnzuncorrected/corrected GOSAT data were compared to independent XCO2 and XCH4 data derived from aircraft measurements taken for the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. These comparisons demonstrate that the empirically derived bias correction improves the agreement between GOSAT XCO2/XCH4 and the aircraft data. Finally, we present spatial distributions and temporal variations of the derived GOSAT biases.
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- 2016
5. Ability of the 4-D-Var analysis of the GOSAT BESD XCO2 retrievals to characterize atmospheric CO2 at large and synoptic scales
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Massart, S., Agustí-Panareda, A., Heymann, J., Buchwitz, M., Chevallier, F., Reuter, M., Hilker, M., Burrows, J., Hase, F., Desmet, F., Feist, D., Kivi, R., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
This study presents results from the European Centre for Medium-RangeWeather Forecasts (ECMWF) carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis system where the atmospheric CO2 is controlled through the assimilation of columnaveraged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The analysis is compared to a free-run simulation (without assimilation of XCO2), and they are both evaluated against XCO2 data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We show that the assimilation of the GOSAT XCO2 product from the Bremen Optimal Estimation Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (BESD) algorithm during the year 2013 provides XCO2 fields with an improved mean absolute error of 0.6 parts per million (ppm) and an improved station-to-station bias deviation of 0.7 ppm compared to the free run (1.1 and 1.4 ppm, respectively) and an improved estimated precision of 1 ppm compared to the GOSAT BESD data (3.3 ppm). We also show that the analysis has skill for synoptic situations in the vicinity of frontal systems, where the GOSAT retrievals are sparse due to cloud contamination. We finally computed the 10-day forecast from each analysis at 00:00 UTC, and we demonstrate that the CO2 forecast shows synoptic skill for the largest-scale weather patterns (of the order of 1000 km) even up to day 5 compared to its own analysis.
- Published
- 2023
6. The OASIS Observatory Using Ground-Based Solar Absorption Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in the Suburbs of Paris (Créteil-France)
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Chelin, P., Viatte, C., Ray, M., Eremenko, M., Cuesta, J., Hase, F., Orphal, J., Flaud, J.-M., Barceló, Damià, Editor-in-chief, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Editor-in-chief, Jiménez, Elena, editor, Cabañas, Beatriz, editor, and Lefebvre, Gilles, editor
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- 2015
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7. Combined direct-sun ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopies at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)
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Taquet, N., primary, Rivera Cárdenas, C., additional, Stremme, W., additional, Boulesteix, T., additional, Bezanilla, A., additional, Grutter, M., additional, García, O., additional, Hase, F., additional, and Blumenstock, T., additional
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- 2023
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8. Combined direct-sun ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopies at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (México), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Taquet, N., Rivera Cárdenas, C., Stremme, W., Boulesteix, Thomas, Bezanilla, A., Grutter, M., García, O., Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (México), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Taquet, N., Rivera Cárdenas, C., Stremme, W., Boulesteix, Thomas, Bezanilla, A., Grutter, M., García, O., Hase, F., and Blumenstock, T.
- Abstract
Volcanic plume composition is strongly influenced by both changes in magmatic systems and plume-atmosphere interactions. Understanding the degassing mechanisms controlling the type of volcanic activity implies deciphering the contributions of magmatic gases reaching the surface and their posterior chemical transformations in contact with the atmosphere. Remote sensing techniques based on direct solar absorption spectroscopy provide valuable information about most of the emitted magmatic gases but also on gas species formed and converted within the plumes. In this study, we explore the procedures, performances and benefits of combining two direct solar absorption techniques, high resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (UV-DOAS), to observe the composition changes in the Popocatépetl’s plume with high temporal resolution. The SO2 vertical columns obtained from three instruments (DOAS, high resolution FTIR and Pandora) were found similar (median difference <12%) after their intercalibration. We combined them to determine with high temporal resolution the different hydrogen halide and halogen species to sulfur ratios (HF/SO2, BrO/SO2, HCl/SO2, SiF4/SO2, detection limit of HBr/SO2) and HCl/BrO in the Popocatépetl’s plume over a 2.5-years period (2017 to mid-2019). BrO/SO2, BrO/HCl, and HCl/SO2 ratios were found in the range of (0.63 ± 0.06 to 1.14 ± 0.20) × 10−4, (2.6 ± 0.5 to 6.9 ± 2.6) × 10−4, and 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.21 ± 0.01 respectively, while the SiF4/SO2 and HF/SO2 ratios were found fairly constant at (1.56 ± 0.25) × 10−3 and 0.049 ± 0.001. We especially focused on the full growth/destruction cycle of the most voluminous lava dome of the period that took place between February and April 2019. A decrease of the HCl/SO2 ratio was observed with the decrease of the extrusive activity. Furthermore, the short-term variability of BrO/SO2 is measured for the first time at Popocatépetl volcano tog
- Published
- 2023
9. The Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI): Comparison and quality assessment of near-surface-sensitive satellite-derived CO2 and CH4 global data sets
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Buchwitz, M., Reuter, M., Schneising, O., Boesch, H., Guerlet, S., Dils, B., Aben, I., Armante, R., Bergamaschi, P., Blumenstock, T., Bovensmann, H., Brunner, D., Buchmann, B., Burrows, J.P., Butz, A., Chédin, A., Chevallier, F., Crevoisier, C.D., Deutscher, N.M., Frankenberg, C., Hase, F., Hasekamp, O.P., Heymann, J., Kaminski, T., Laeng, A., Lichtenberg, G., De Mazière, M., Noël, S., Notholt, J., Orphal, J., Popp, C., Parker, R., Scholze, M., Sussmann, R., Stiller, G.P., Warneke, T., Zehner, C., Bril, A., Crisp, D., Griffith, D.W.T., Kuze, A., O'Dell, C., Oshchepkov, S., Sherlock, V., Suto, H., Wennberg, P., Wunch, D., Yokota, T., and Yoshida, Y.
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- 2015
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10. Determination of the Characteristics of Ground-Based IR Spectral Instrumentation for Environmental Monitoring of the Atmosphere
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Makarova, M. V., Poberovskii, A. V., Hase, F., Timofeyev, Yu. M., and Imhasin, Kh. Kh.
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- 2016
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11. Investigation of spaceborne trace gas products over St Petersburg and Yekaterinburg, Russia, by using COllaborative Column Carbon Observing Network (COCCON) observations
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Alberti, C., Tu, Q., Hase, F., Makarova, M. V., Gribanov, K., Foka, S. C., Zakharov, V., Blumenstock, T., Buchwitz, M., Diekmann, C., Ertl, B., Frey, M. M., Imhasin, H. K., Ionov, D. V., Khosrawi, F., Osipov, S. I., Reuter, M., Schneider, M., Warneke, T., Alberti, C., Tu, Q., Hase, F., Makarova, M. V., Gribanov, K., Foka, S. C., Zakharov, V., Blumenstock, T., Buchwitz, M., Diekmann, C., Ertl, B., Frey, M. M., Imhasin, H. K., Ionov, D. V., Khosrawi, F., Osipov, S. I., Reuter, M., Schneider, M., and Warneke, T.
- Abstract
This work employs ground- and space-based observations, together with model data, to study columnar abundances of atmospheric trace gases (XH2O, XCO2, XCH4 and XCO) in two high-latitude Russian cities, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. Two portable COllaborative Column Carbon Observing Network (COCCON) spectrometers were used for continuous measurements at these locations during 2019 and 2020. Additionally, a subset of data of special interest (a strong gradient in XCH4 and XCO was detected) collected in the framework of a mobile city campaign performed in 2019 using both instruments is investigated. All studied satellite products (TROPOMI, OCO-2, GOSAT, MUSICA IASI) show generally good agreement with COCCON observations. Satellite and ground-based observations at high latitudes are much sparser than at low or mid latitudes, which makes direct coincident comparisons between remote-sensing observations more difficult. Therefore, a method of scaling continuous Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) model data to the ground-based observations is developed and used for creating virtual COCCON observations. These adjusted CAMS data are then used for satellite validation, showing good agreement in both Peterhof and Yekaterinburg. The gradients between the two study sites ( "Xgas) are similar between CAMS and CAMS-COCCON datasets, indicating that the model gradients are in agreement with the gradients observed by COCCON. This is further supported by a few simultaneous COCCON and satellite "Xgas measurements, which also agree with the model gradient. With respect to the city campaign observations recorded in St Petersburg, the downwind COCCON station measured obvious enhancements for both XCH4 (10.6ĝ€¯ppb) and XCO (9.5ĝ€¯ppb), which is nicely reflected by TROPOMI observations, which detect city-scale gradients of the order 9.4ĝ€¯ppb for XCH4 and 12.5ĝ€¯ppb for XCO. Copyright: © 2022 Carlos Alberti et al.
- Published
- 2022
12. Swabian MOSES 2021: An interdisciplinary field campaign for investigating convective storms and their event chains
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Kunz, M., Abbas, S.S., Bauckholt, Matteo, Böhmländer, A., Feuerle, T., Gasch, P., Glaser, C., Groß, J., Hajnsek, I., Handwerker, J., Hase, F., Khordakova, D., Knippertz, P., Kohler, M., Lange, D., Latt, M., Laube, J., Martin, L., Mauder, M., Möhler, O., Mohr, S., Reitter, R.W., Rettenmeier, A., Rolf, C., Saathoff, H., Schrön, Martin, Schuetze, Claudia, Spahr, S., Späth, F., Vogel, F., Völksch, I., Weber, Ute, Wieser, A., Wilhelm, J., Zhang, H., Dietrich, Peter, Kunz, M., Abbas, S.S., Bauckholt, Matteo, Böhmländer, A., Feuerle, T., Gasch, P., Glaser, C., Groß, J., Hajnsek, I., Handwerker, J., Hase, F., Khordakova, D., Knippertz, P., Kohler, M., Lange, D., Latt, M., Laube, J., Martin, L., Mauder, M., Möhler, O., Mohr, S., Reitter, R.W., Rettenmeier, A., Rolf, C., Saathoff, H., Schrön, Martin, Schuetze, Claudia, Spahr, S., Späth, F., Vogel, F., Völksch, I., Weber, Ute, Wieser, A., Wilhelm, J., Zhang, H., and Dietrich, Peter
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The Neckar Valley and the Swabian Jura in southwest Germany comprise a hotspot for severe convective storms, causing tens of millions of euros in damage each year. Possible reasons for the high frequency of thunderstorms and the associated event chain across compartments were investigated in detail during the hydro-meteorological field campaign Swabian MOSES carried out between May and September 2021. Researchers from various disciplines established more than 25 temporary ground-based stations equipped with state-of-the-art in situ and remote sensing observation systems, such as lidars, dual-polarization X- and C-band Doppler weather radars, radiosondes including stratospheric balloons, an aerosol cloud chamber, masts to measure vertical fluxes, autosamplers for water probes in rivers, and networks of disdrometers, soil moisture, and hail sensors. These fixed-site observations were supplemented by mobile observation systems, such as a research aircraft with scanning Doppler lidar, a cosmic ray neutron sensing rover, and a storm chasing team launching swarmsondes in the vicinity of hailstorms.Seven Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) were conducted on a total of 21 operating days. An exceptionally high number of convective events, including both unorganized and organized thunderstorms such as multicells or supercells, occurred during the study period. This paper gives an overview of the Swabian MOSES field campaign, briefly describes the observation strategy, and presents observational highlights for two IOPs.
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- 2022
13. Recent Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HC1 increase due to atmospheric circulation changes
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Mahieu, E., Chipperfield, M.P., Notholt, J., Reddmann, T., Anderson, J., Bernath, P.F., Blumenstock, T., Coffey, M.T., Dhomse, S.S., Feng, W., Franco, B., Froidevaux, L., Griffith, D.W.T., Hannigan, J.W., Hase, F., Hossaini, R., Jones, N.B., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nakajima, H., Palm, M., Paton-Walsh, C., Russell, III, J.M., Schneider, M., Servais, C., Smale, D., and Walker, K.A.
- Subjects
Northern Hemisphere -- Environmental aspects -- Research ,Atmospheric circulation -- Environmental aspects -- Research ,Stratospheric circulation -- Environmental aspects -- Research ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
The abundance of chlorine in the Earth's atmosphere increased considerably during the 1970s to 1990s, following large emissions of anthropogenic long-lived chlorine-containing source gases, notably the chlorofluorocarbons. The chemical inertness of chlorofluorocarbons allows their transport and mixing throughout the troposphere on a global scale (1), before they reach the stratosphere where they release chlorine atoms that cause ozone depletion (2). The large ozone loss over Antarctica (3) was the key observation that stimulated the definition and signing in 1987 of the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty establishing a schedule to reduce the production of the major chlorine-and bromine-containing halocarbons. Owing to its implementation, the near-surface total chlorine concentration showed a maximum in 1993, followed by a decrease of half a per cent to one per cent per year (4), in line with expectations. Remote-sensing data have revealed a peak in stratospheric chlorine after 1996 (5), then a decrease of close to one per cent per year (6,7), in agreement with the surface observations of the chlorine source gases and model calculations (7). Here we present ground-based and satellite data that show a recent and significant increase, at the 2σ level, in hydrogen chloride (HC1), the main stratospheric chlorine reservoir, starting around 2007 in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, in contrast with the ongoing monotonic decrease of near-surface source gases. Using model simulations, we attribute this trend anomaly to a slowdown in the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, occurring over several consecutive years, transporting more aged air to the lower stratosphere, and characterized by a larger relative conversion of source gases to HC1. This short-term dynamical variability will also affect other stratospheric tracers and needs to be accounted for when studying the evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer., Decomposition of chlorine-containing source gases in the stratosphere produces HC1, the largest reservoir of chlorine (8,9). Here we investigate recent trends in atmospheric HC1 with observations from eight Network for [...]
- Published
- 2014
14. Swabian MOSES 2021 – Eine Messkampagne zur Untersuchung hydro-meteorologischer Extreme und deren Folgen in Baden-Württemberg
- Author
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Behrendt, A., Dietrich, P., Escher, B., Feuerle, T., Gasch, P., Glaser, C., Hajnsek, I., Handwerker, J., Hase, F., Kiese, R., Khordakova, D., Knippertz, P., Kohler, M., Kunz, M., Mauder, M., Möhler, O., Reitter, R., Rode, M., Rolf, C., Saathoff, H., Schütze, C., Spahr, S., Späth, F., Tillmann, R., Weber, U., Wieser, A., and Wilhelm, J.
- Subjects
Earth sciences ,ddc:550 - Published
- 2022
15. Non-Voigt line-shape effects on retrievals of atmospheric ozone: Line-mixing effects
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Tran, H., Picquet-Varrault, B., Boursier, C., Viatte, C., Eremenko, M., Hase, F., and Hartmann, J.-M.
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- 2011
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16. An empirical study on the importance of a speed-dependent Voigt line shape model for tropospheric water vapor profile remote sensing
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Schneider, M., Hase, F., Blavier, J.-F., Toon, G.C., and Leblanc, T.
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- 2011
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17. The Ceremonial Jewellery from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb in Cerveteri. Some Ideas Concerning the Workshop
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von Hase, F. W., Morteani, Giulio, editor, and Northover, Jeremy P., editor
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- 1995
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18. CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE | Observations for Chemistry (Remote Sensing)
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Fischer, H., primary and Hase, F., additional
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- 2015
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19. Non-Voigt line-shape effects on retrievals of atmospheric ozone: Collisionally isolated lines
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Tran, H., Rohart, F., Boone, C., Eremenko, M., Hase, F., Bernath, P., and Hartmann, J.-M.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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20. The 2 ν3 band of CH 4 revisited with line mixing: Consequences for spectroscopy and atmospheric retrievals at 1.67 μm
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Tran, H., Hartmann, J.-M., Toon, G., Brown, L.R., Frankenberg, C., Warneke, T., Spietz, P., and Hase, F.
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- 2010
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21. Quantification of CH4 emissions from waste disposal sites near the city of Madrid using ground- and space-based observations of COCCON, TROPOMI and IASI
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Tu, Q., Hase, F., Schneider, M., Garciá, O., Blumenstock, T., Borsdorff, T., Frey, M., Khosrawi, F., Lorente, A., Alberti, C., Bustos, J. J., Butz, A., Carreño, V., Cuevas, E., Curcoll, R., Diekmann, C. J., Dubravica, D., Ertl, B., Estruch, C., León-Luis, S. F., Marrero, C., Morgui, J.-A., Ramos, R., Scharun, C., Schneider, C., Sepúlveda, E., Toledano, C., and Torres, C.
- Subjects
reenhouse gases emissions ,Earth sciences ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer ,ddc:550 ,Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument ,Carbon Column Observing Network ,Remote sensing ,Methane ,Greenhouse gases emissions - Abstract
The objective of this study is to derive methane (CH4) emissions from three landfills, which are found to be the most significant CH4 sources in the metropolitan area of Madrid in Spain. We derive CH4 emissions from the CH4 enhancements observed by spaceborne and ground-based instruments. We apply satellite-based measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) together with measurements from the ground-based COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) instruments. In 2018, a 2-week field campaign for measuring the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases was performed in Madrid in the framework of Monitoring of the Greenhouse Gases Concentrations in Madrid (MEGEI-MAD) project. Five COCCON instruments were deployed at different locations around the Madrid city center, enabling the observation of total column-averaged CH4 mixing ratios (XCH4). Considering the prevalent wind regimes, we calculate the wind-assigned XCH4 anomalies for two opposite wind directions. Pronounced bipolar plumes are found when applying the method to NO2, which implies that our method of wind-assigned anomaly is suitable to estimate enhancements of trace gases at the urban level from satellite-based measurements. For quantifying the CH4 emissions, the wind-assigned plume method is applied to the TROPOMI XCH4 and to the lower tropospheric CH4 / dry-air column ratio (TXCH4) of the combined TROPOMI+IASI product. As CH4 emission strength we estimate 7.4 × 1025 ± 6.4 × 1024 molec. s−1 from the TROPOMI XCH4 data and 7.1 × 1025 ± 1.0 × 1025 molec. s−1 from the TROPOMI+IASI merged TXCH4 data. We use COCCON observations to estimate the local source strength as an independent method. COCCON observations indicate a weaker CH4 emission strength of 3.7 × 1025 molec. s−1 from a local source (the Valdemingómez waste plant) based on observations from a single day. This strength is lower than the one derived from the satellite observations, and it is a plausible result. This is because the analysis of the satellite data refers to a larger area, covering further emission sources in the study region, whereas the signal observed by COCCON is generated by a nearby local source. All emission rates estimated from the different observations are significantly larger than the emission rates provided via the official Spanish Register of Emissions and Pollutant Sources.
- Published
- 2021
22. Improving spectroscopic line parameters by means of atmospheric spectra: Theory and example for water vapor and solar absorption spectra
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Schneider, M. and Hase, F.
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- 2009
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23. Validation of HNO 3 spectroscopic parameters using atmospheric absorption and emission measurements
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Tran, H., Brizzi, G., Gomez, L., Perrin, A., Hase, F., Ridolfi, M., and Hartmann, J.-M.
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- 2009
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24. The OASIS Observatory Using Ground-Based Solar Absorption Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in the Suburbs of Paris (Créteil-France)
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Chelin, P., primary, Viatte, C., additional, Ray, M., additional, Eremenko, M., additional, Cuesta, J., additional, Hase, F., additional, Orphal, J., additional, and Flaud, J.-M., additional
- Published
- 2014
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25. Twenty years of ground-based NDACC FTIR spectrometry at Iza��a Observatory-overview and long-term comparison to other techniques
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García, O. E., Schneider, M., Sepúlveda, E., Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., Cuevas, E., Ramos, R., Gross, J., Barthlott, S., Röhling, A. N., Sanromá, E., González, Y., Gómez-Peláez, A. J., Navarro-Comas, M., Puentedura, O., Yela, M., Redondas, A., Carreño, V., León-Luis, S. F., Reyes, E., García, R. D., Rivas, P. P., Romero-Campos, P. M., Torres, C., Prats, N., Hernández, M., and López, C.
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Earth sciences ,ddc:550 - Abstract
High-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar observations are particularly relevant for climate studies, as they allow atmospheric gaseous composition and multiple climate processes to be monitored in detail. In this context, the present paper provides an overview of 20 years of FTIR measurements taken in the framework of the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) from 1999 to 2018 at the subtropical Iza��a Observatory (IZO, Spain). Firstly, long-term instrumental performance is comprehensively assessed, corroborating the temporal stability and reliable instrumental characterization of the two FTIR spectrometers installed at IZO since 1999. Then, the time series of all trace gases contributing to NDACC at IZO are presented (i.e. C$_{2}$H$_{6}$, CH$_{4}$, ClONO$_{2}$, CO, HCl, HCN, H$_{2}$CO, HF, HNO$_{3}$, N$_{2}$O, NO$_{2}$, NO, O$_{3}$, carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and water vapour isotopologues H$_{2}$$^{16}$O, H$_{2}$$^{18}$O, and HD$^{16}$O), reviewing the major accomplishments drawn from these observations. In order to examine the quality and long-term consistency of the IZO FTIR observations, a comparison of those NDACC products for which other high-quality measurement techniques are available at IZO has been performed (i.e. CH$_{4}$, CO, H$_{2}$O, NO$_{2}$, N$_{2}$O, and O$_{3}$). This quality assessment was carried out on different timescales to examine what temporal signals are captured by the FTIR records, and to what extent. After 20 years of operation, the IZO NDACC FTIR observations have been found to be very consistent and reliable over time, demonstrating great potential for climate research. Long-term NDACC FTIR data sets, such as IZO, are indispensable tools for the investigation of atmospheric composition trends, multi-year phenomena, and complex climate feedback processes, as well as for the validation of past and present space-based missions and chemistry climate models.
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- 2021
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26. Assessing urban methane emissions using column-observing portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and a novel Bayesian inversion framework
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Jones, T. S., Franklin, J. E., Chen, J., Dietrich, F., Hajny, K. D., Paetzold, J. C., Wenzel, A., Gately, C., Gottlieb, E., Parker, H., Dubey, M., Hase, F., Shepson, P. B., Mielke, L. H., and Wofsy, S. C.
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Earth sciences ,ddc:550 - Abstract
Cities represent a large and concentrated portion of global greenhouse gas emissions, including methane. Quantifying methane emissions from urban areas is difficult, and inventories made using bottom-up accounting methods often differ greatly from top-down estimates generated from atmospheric observations. Emissions from leaks in natural gas infrastructure are difficult to predict and are therefore poorly constrained in bottom-up inventories. Natural gas infrastructure leaks and emissions from end uses can be spread throughout the city, and this diffuse source can represent a significant fraction of a city's total emissions. We investigated diffuse methane emissions of the city of Indianapolis, USA, during a field campaign in May 2016. A network of five portable solar-tracking Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers was deployed throughout the city. These instruments measure the mole fraction of methane in a total column of air, giving them sensitivity to larger areas of the city than in situ sensors at the surface. We present an innovative inversion method to link these total column concentrations to surface fluxes. This method combines a Lagrangian transport model with a Bayesian inversion framework to estimate surface emissions and their uncertainties, together with determining the concentrations of methane in the air flowing into the city. Variations exceeding 10 ppb were observed in the inflowing air on a typical day, which is somewhat larger than the enhancements due to urban emissions (
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- 2021
27. First data set of H2O/HDO columns from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)
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Schneider, A., Borsdorff, T., aan de Brugh, J., Aemisegger, F., Feist, D., Kivi, R., Hase, F., Schneider, M., and Landgraf, J.
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Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre ,Lidar ,remote sensing ,Sentinel 5P ,TCCON ,H2O ,retrievals ,TROPOMI ,HDO ,isotopes - Abstract
Global measurements of atmospheric water vapour isotopologues aid to better understand the hydrological cycle and improve global circulation models. This paper presents a new data set of vertical column densities of H2O and HDO retrieved from short-wave infrared (2.3 µm) reflectance measurements by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. TROPOMI features daily global coverage with a spatial resolution of up to 7 km×7 km. The retrieval utilises a profile-scaling approach. The forward model neglects scattering, and strict cloud filtering is therefore necessary. For validation, recent ground-based water vapour isotopologue measurements by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) are employed. A comparison of TCCON δD with ground-based measurements by the Multi-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water (MUSICA) project for data prior to 2014 (where MUSICA data are available) shows a bias in TCCON δD estimates. As TCCON HDO is currently not validated, an overall correction of recent TCCON HDO data is derived based on this finding. The agreement between the corrected TCCON measurements and co-located TROPOMI observations is good with an average bias of (-0.2±3)×1021 molec cm−2 ((1.1±7.2) %) in H2O and (-2±7)×1017 molec cm−2 ((-1.1±7.3) %) in HDO, which corresponds to a mean bias of (-14±17) ‰ in a posteriori δD. The bias is lower at low- and mid-latitude stations and higher at high-latitude stations. The use of the data set is demonstrated with a case study of a blocking anticyclone in northwestern Europe in July 2018 using single-overpass data.
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- 2020
28. Toward High Precision XCO��� Retrievals From TanSat Observations: Retrieval Improvement and Validation Against TCCON Measurements
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Yang, D., Boesch, H., Liu, Y., Somkuti, P., Cai, Z., Chen, X., Di Noia, A., Lin, C., Lu, N., Lyu, D., Parker, R. J., Tian, L., Wang, M., Webb, A., Yao, L., Yin, Z., Zheng, Y., Deutscher, N. M., Griffith, D. W. T., Hase, F., Kivi, R., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Ohyama, H., Pollard, D. F., Shiomi, K., Sussmann, R., Té, Y., Velazco, V. A., Warneke, T., and Wunch, D.
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Earth sciences ,ddc:550 - Abstract
TanSat is the 1st Chinese carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$) measurement satellite, launched in 2016. In this study, the University of Leicester Full Physics (UoL-FP) algorithm is implemented for TanSat nadir mode XCO$_{2}$ retrievals. We develop a spectrum correction method to reduce the retrieval errors by the online fitting of an 8th order Fourier series. The spectrum-correction model and its a priori parameters are developed by analyzing the solar calibration measurement. This correction provides a significant improvement to the O$_{2}$ A band retrieval. Accordingly, we extend the previous TanSat single CO$_{2}$ weak band retrieval to a combined O$_{2}$ A and CO$_{2}$ weak band retrieval. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied to determine the threshold values of post-screening filters. In total, 18.3% of the retrieved data is identified as high quality compared to the original measurements. The same quality control parameters have been used in a footprint independent multiple linear regression bias correction due to the strong correlation with the XCO$_{2}$ retrieval error. Twenty sites of the Total Column Carbon Observing Network (TCCON) have been selected to validate our new approach for the TanSat XCO$_{2}$ retrieval. We show that our new approach produces a significant improvement on the XCO$_{2}$ retrieval accuracy and precision when compared to TCCON with an average bias and RMSE of ���0.08 ppm and 1.47 ppm, respectively. The methods used in this study can help to improve the XCO$_{2}$ retrieval from TanSat and subsequently the Level-2 data production, and hence will be applied in the TanSat operational XCO$_{2}$ processing.
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- 2020
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29. Monitorización de las concentraciones atmosféricas de metano y óxido nitroso a partir del Metop/IASI
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European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, García, O., Schneider, M., Ertl, B., Sepúlveda, E., Borger, C., Diekmann, C., Hase, F., Khosrawi, F., Cansado, A., Aullé, M., European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, García, O., Schneider, M., Ertl, B., Sepúlveda, E., Borger, C., Diekmann, C., Hase, F., Khosrawi, F., Cansado, A., and Aullé, M.
- Abstract
[EN] Future of the Earth-atmosphere system will depend, to a large extent, on our capability of understanding all the processes driving climate change and, in this context, of outstanding importance are the monitoring and the investigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), as main drivers of the Earth’s climate change. With this idea the project INMENSE (IASI for Surveying Methane and Nitrous Oxide in the Troposphere) was born, which aims to improve our current understanding of the atmospheric budgets of two of the most important well-mixed greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). To this end, INMENSE has generated a new global observational data set of middle/upper tropospheric concentrations of CH4 and N2O from the space-based remote sensor IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer), on board the meteorological satellites EUMETSAT/Metop. In this work the INMENSE IASI CH4 and N2O products are presented, characterized and comprehensively validated by using a multiplatform reference database (aircraft vertical profiles, ground-based in-situ and remote-sensing observations). This extensive validation exercise suggests that the IASI CH4 and N2O products shows a precision between 1-3% and a bias of 2% as well as they are consistent temporally and spatially. Finally, the CH4 and N2O IASI observations over the Iberian Peninsula have been compared to MOCAGE chemical transport simulations, assessing the degree of agreement between both datasets., [ES] El futuro del sistema Tierra-atmósfera dependerá, en gran medida, de nuestra capacidad para entender todos los procesos que están conduciendo al calentamiento global, y sus consecuencias climáticas, y, en este contexto, los gases de efecto invernadero (GEIs) juegan un papel clave como uno de los principales motores del cambio climático. Con esta idea nace el proyecto de investigación INMENSE (IASI for Surveying Methane and Nitrous Oxide in the Troposphere), el cual tiene como objetivo mejorar nuestra compresión de los balances atmosféricos de dos de los más importantes GEIs, el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O). Para ello, el proyecto INMENSE ha generado nuevas observaciones de concentraciones de CH4 y N2O en la troposfera media/alta a escala global a partir de las medidas satelitales del sensor IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer), que vuela a bordo de los satélites meteorológicos EUMETSAT/Metop. En este trabajo los productos INMENSE IASI de CH4 y N2O son presentados, caracterizados y extensamente validados usando una base de datos de referencia multiplataforma (perfiles verticales de avión, medidas in-situ y remotas desde superficie). Esta completa validación sugiere que los productos IASI de CH4 y N2O tienen una precisión entre el 1-3% y un error sistemático del 2%, así como que son consistentes temporal y espacialmente. Por último, las observaciones IASI de CH4 y N2O sobre la Península Ibérica han sido comparadas a las simulaciones del modelo de transporte químico MOCAGE, analizando el grado de acuerdo entre ambas bases de datos.
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- 2020
30. Monitorización de las concentraciones atmosféricas de metano y óxido nitroso a partir del Metop/IASI
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García, O., primary, Schneider, M., additional, Ertl, B., additional, Sepúlveda, E., additional, Borger, C., additional, Diekmann, C., additional, Hase, F., additional, Khosrawi, F., additional, Cansado, A., additional, and Aullé, M., additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
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31. Toward High Precision XCO2Retrievals From TanSat Observations: Retrieval Improvement and Validation Against TCCON Measurements
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Yang, D., primary, Boesch, H., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Somkuti, P., additional, Cai, Z., additional, Chen, X., additional, Di Noia, A., additional, Lin, C., additional, Lu, N., additional, Lyu, D., additional, Parker, R. J., additional, Tian, L., additional, Wang, M., additional, Webb, A., additional, Yao, L., additional, Yin, Z., additional, Zheng, Y., additional, Deutscher, N. M., additional, Griffith, D. W. T., additional, Hase, F., additional, Kivi, R., additional, Morino, I., additional, Notholt, J., additional, Ohyama, H., additional, Pollard, D. F., additional, Shiomi, K., additional, Sussmann, R., additional, Té, Y., additional, Velazco, V. A., additional, Warneke, T., additional, and Wunch, D., additional
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- 2020
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32. An empirical line-by-line model for the infrared solar transmittance spectrum from 700 to [formula omitted]
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Hase, F., Demoulin, P., Sauval, A.J., Toon, G.C., Bernath, P.F., Goldman, A., Hannigan, J.W., and Rinsland, C.P.
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- 2006
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33. Model, software and database for line-mixing effects in the ν3 and ν4 bands of CH 4 and tests using laboratory and planetary measurements—I: N 2 (and air) broadenings and the earth atmosphere
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Tran, H., Flaud, P.-M., Gabard, T., Hase, F., von Clarmann, T., Camy-Peyret, C., Payan, S., and Hartmann, J.-M.
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- 2006
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34. Spaceborne Measurements of Formic and Acetic Acids: A Global View of the Regional Sources
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Franco, B., primary, Clarisse, L., additional, Stavrakou, T., additional, Müller, J.‐F., additional, Taraborrelli, D., additional, Hadji‐Lazaro, J., additional, Hannigan, J. W., additional, Hase, F., additional, Hurtmans, D., additional, Jones, N., additional, Lutsch, E., additional, Mahieu, E., additional, Ortega, I., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Strong, K., additional, Vigouroux, C., additional, Clerbaux, C., additional, and Coheur, P.‐F., additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
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35. Evidence of reduced measurement uncertainties from an FTIR instrument intercomparison at Kiruna, Sweden
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Meier, A., Paton-Walsh, C., Bell, W., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Goldman, A., Steen, Å., Kift, R., Woods, P., and Kondo, Y.
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- 2005
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36. Ozone profiles and total column amounts derived at Izaña, Tenerife Island, from FTIR solar absorption spectra, and its validation by an intercomparison to ECC-sonde and Brewer spectrometer measurements
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Schneider, M., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Höpfner, M., Cuevas, E., Redondas, A., and Sancho, J.M.
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- 2005
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37. Spectra calculations in central and wing regions of CO 2 IR bands between 10 and [formula omitted]. II. Atmospheric solar occultation spectra
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Niro, F., Hase, F., Camy-Peyret, C., Payan, S., and Hartmann, J.-M.
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- 2005
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38. Column Amounts of ClONO2, HCl, HNO3, and HF from Ground-Based FTIR Measurements Made Near Kiruna, Sweden, in Late Winter 1994
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Blumenstock, TH., Fisher, H., Friedle, A., Hase, F., and Thomas, P.
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- 1997
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39. Evaluation of MOPITT version 7 joint TIR-NIR XCO retrievals with TCCON
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Hedelius, J., He, T., Jones, D., Buchholz, R., Mazière, M., Deutscher, N., Dubey, M., Feist, D., Griffith, D., Hase, F., Iraci, L., Jeseck, P., Kiel, M., Kivi, R., Liu, C., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Oh, Y., Ohyama, H., Pollard, D., Rettinger, M., Roche, S., Roehl, C., Schneider, M., Shiomi, K., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Sweeney, C., Té, Y., Uchino, O., Velazco, V., Wang, W., Warneke, T., Wennberg, P., Worden, H., and Wunch, D.
- Abstract
Observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument onboard the Terra spacecraft were expected to have an accuracy of 10 % prior to launch in 1999. Here we evaluate MOPITT version 7 joint TIR-NIR (V7J) accuracy and precision, and suggest ways to further improve the accuracy of the observations. We take five steps involving filtering or bias corrections to reduce scatter and bias in the data relative to other MOPITT soundings, and ground based measurements. 1) We apply a preliminary filtering scheme in which measurements over snow and ice are removed. 2) We find a systematic pairwise bias among the four MOPITT along-track detectors (pixels) on the order of 3–4 ppb with a small temporal trend, which we remove on a global scale using a temporally trended bias correction. 3) Using a small region approximation (SRA) a new filtering scheme is developed and applied based on additional quality indicators such as signal-to-noise. After applying these new filters, the root mean squared error computed using the local median from the SRA over 16 years of global observations decreases from 3.84 ppb to 2.55 ppb. 4) We also use the SRA to find variability in MOPITT retrieval anomalies that relates to retrieval parameters. We apply a bias correction to one parameter from this analysis. 5) After applying the previous bias corrections and filtering, we compare the MOPITT results with the GGG2014 ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations to obtain an overall global bias correction. These comparisons show that MOPITT V7J is biased high by about 6–8 %, which is similar to past studies using independent validation datasets on V6J. When using TCCON spectrometric column retrievals without the standard airmass correction or scaling to aircraft (WMO scale), the ground and satellite based observations overall agree to better than 0.5 %. GEOS-Chem data assimilations are used to estimate the influence of filtering and scaling to TCCON on global CO, and tend to pull concentrations away from the prior, and closer to the truth. We conclude with suggestions for further improving the MOPITT data products.
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- 2019
40. Emissions of methane in Europe inferred by total column measurements
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Wunch, D., Jones, D.B.A., Toon, G.C., Deutscher, N.M., Hase, F., Notholt, J., Sussmann, R., Warneke, T., Kuenen, J.J.P., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Fisher, J.A., and Maasakkers, J.D.
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Urbanisation ,Environment ,Environment & Sustainability - Abstract
Using five long-running ground-based atmospheric observatories in Europe, we demonstrate the utility of long-term, stationary, ground-based measurements of atmospheric total columns for verifying annual methane emission inventories. Our results indicate that the methane emissions for the region in Europe between Orléans, Bremen, Białystok, and Garmisch-Partenkirchen are overestimated by the state-of-the-art inventories of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v4.2 FT2010 and the high-resolution emissions database developed by the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) as part of the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project (TNO-MACC_III), possibly due to the disaggregation of emissions onto a spatial grid. Uncertainties in the carbon monoxide inventories used to compute the methaneemissionscontributetothediscrepancybetweenour inferred emissions and those from the inventories.
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- 2019
41. OBSERVATIONS FOR CHEMISTRY (REMOTE SENSING) | IR/FIR
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Fischer, H., primary and Hase, F., additional
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- 2003
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42. Intercomparison of retrieval codes used for the analysis of high-resolution, ground-based FTIR measurements
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Hase, F., Hannigan, J.W., Coffey, M.T., Goldman, A., Höpfner, M., Jones, N.B., Rinsland, C.P., and Wood, S.W.
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- 2004
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43. Accurate mobile remote sensing of XCO2 and XCH4 latitudinal transects from aboard a research vessel
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Klappenbach, F., Bertleff, M., Kostinek, J., Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., Agusti-Panareda, A., Razinger, M., and Butz, A.
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lcsh:TA715-787 ,lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,lcsh:Environmental engineering - Abstract
A portable Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), model EM27/SUN, was deployed onboard the research vessel Polarstern to measure the column-average dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) by means of direct sunlight absorption spectrometry. We report on technical developments as well as data calibration and reduction measures required to achieve the targeted accuracy of fractions of a percent in retrieved XCO2 and XCH4 while operating the instrument under field conditions onboard the moving platform during a 6-week cruise on the Atlantic from Cape Town (South Africa, 34° S, 18° E; 5 March 2014) to Bremerhaven (Germany, 54° N, 19° E; 14 April 2014). We demonstrate that our solar tracker typically achieved a tracking precision of better than 0.05° toward the center of the sun throughout the ship cruise which facilitates accurate XCO2 and XCH4 retrievals even under harsh ambient wind conditions. We define several quality filters that screen spectra, e.g., when the field of view was partially obstructed by ship structures or when the lines-of-sight crossed the ship exhaust plume. The measurements in clean oceanic air, can be used to characterize a spurious air-mass dependency. After the campaign, deployment of the spectrometer alongside the TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) instrument at Karlsruhe, Germany, allowed for determining a calibration factor that makes the entire campaign record traceable to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards. Comparisons to observations of the GOSAT satellite and concentration fields modeled by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) demonstrate that the observational setup is well suited to provide validation opportunities above the ocean and along interhemispheric transects.
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- 2015
44. Assessing 5 years of GOSAT Proxy XCH4 data and associated uncertainties
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Parker, R. J., Boesch, H., Byckling, K., Webb, A. J., Palmer, P. I., Feng, L., Bergamaschi, P., Chevallier, F., Notholt, J., Deutscher, N., Warneke, T., Hase, F., Sussmann, R., Kawakami, S., Kivi, R., Griffith, D. W. T., Velazco, V., University of Leicester, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), School of Chemistry, NE/K002465/1, Natural Environment Research Council, 283576, Seventh Framework Programme, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,lcsh:TA715-787 ,lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,lcsh:Environmental engineering - Abstract
We present 5 years of GOSAT XCH4 retrieved using the "proxy" approach. The Proxy XCH4 data are validated against ground-based TCCON observations and are found to be of high quality with a small bias of 4.8 ppb (∼ 0.27 %) and a single-sounding precision of 13.4 ppb (∼ 0.74 %). The station-to-station bias (ameasure of the relative accuracy) is found to be 4.2 ppb. For the first time the XCH4 / XCO2 ratio component of the Proxy retrieval is validated (bias of 0.014 ppb ppm−1 (∼ 0.30 %), single-sounding precision of 0.033 ppb ppm−1 (∼ 0.72 %)). The uncertainty relating to the model XCO2 component of the Proxy XCH4 is assessed through the use of an ensemble of XCO2 models. While each individual XCO2 model is found to agree well with the TCCON validation data (r = 0.94–0.97), it is not possible to select one model as the best from our comparisons. The median XCO2 value of the ensemble has a smaller scatter against TCCON (a standard deviation of 0.92 ppm) than any of the individual models whilst maintaining a small bias (0.15 ppm). This model median XCO2 is used to calculate the Proxy XCH4 with the maximum deviation of the ensemble from the median used as an estimate of the uncertainty. We compare this uncertainty to the a posteriori retrieval error (which is assumed to reduce with sqrt(N)) and find typically that the model XCO2 uncertainty becomes significant during summer months when the a posteriori error is at its lowest due to the increase in signal related to increased summertime reflected sunlight. We assess the significance of these model and retrieval uncertainties on flux inversion by comparing the GOSAT XCH4 against modelled XCH4 from TM5-4DVAR constrained by NOAA surface observations (MACC reanalysis scenario S1-NOAA). We find that for the majority of regions the differences are much larger than the estimated uncertainties. Our findings show that useful information will be provided to the inversions for the majority of regions in addition to that already provided by the assimilated surface measurements.
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- 2015
45. The Ceremonial Jewellery from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb in Cerveteri. Some Ideas Concerning the Workshop
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Hase, F. W., primary
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- 1995
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46. Tropospheric CH4 signals as observed by NDACC FTIR at globally distributed sites and comparison to GAW surface in situ measurements
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Sepulveda, E., Schneider, M., Hase, F., Barthlott, S., Dubravica, D., Garcia, O. E., Gomez-Pelaez, A., Gonzalez, Y., Guerra, J. C., Gisi, M., Kohlhepp, R., Dohe, S., Blumenstock, T., Strong, K., Weaver, D., Palm, M., Sadeghi, A., Deutscher, N. M., Warneke, T., Notholt, J., Jones, N., Griffith, D. W. T., Smale, D., Brailsford, G. W., Robinson, J., Meinhardt, F., Steinbacher, M., Aalto, T., and Worthy, D.
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Earth sciences ,lcsh:TA715-787 ,lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations ,ddc:550 ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,lcsh:Environmental engineering - Abstract
We present lower/middle tropospheric column-averaged CH4 mole fraction time series measured by nine globally distributed ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) remote sensing experiments of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). We show that these data are well representative of the tropospheric regional-scale CH4 signal, largely independent of the local surface small-scale signals, and only weakly dependent on upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UTLS) CH4 variations. In order to achieve the weak dependency on the UTLS, we use an a posteriori correction method. We estimate a typical precision for daily mean values of about 0.5% and a systematic error of about 2.5%. The theoretical assessments are complemented by an extensive empirical study. For this purpose, we use surface in situ CH4 measurements made within the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) network and compare them to the remote sensing data. We briefly discuss different filter methods for removing the local small-scale signals from the surface in situ data sets in order to obtain the in situ regional-scale signals. We find good agreement between the filtered in situ and the remote sensing data. The agreement is consistent for a variety of timescales that are interesting for CH4 source/sink research: day-to-day, monthly, and inter-annual. The comparison study confirms our theoretical estimations and proves that the NDACC FTIR measurements can provide valuable data for investigating the cycle of CH4.
- Published
- 2018
47. Improved retrieval of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column densities by means of MKIV Brewer spectrophotometers
- Author
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Diémoz, H., Siani, Anna Maria, Redondas, A., Savastiouk, V., Mcelroy, C. T., Navarro Comas, M., and Hase, F.
- Subjects
Spectrophotometers ,Espectrofotómetros ,Dióxido de nitrógeno ,Nitrogen dioxide - Abstract
A new algorithm to retrieve nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column densities using MKIV ("Mark IV") Brewer spectrophotometers is described. The method includes several improvements, such as a more recent spectroscopic data set, the reduction of measurement noise, interference by other atmospheric species and instrumental settings, and a better determination of the zenith sky air mass factor. The technique was tested during an ad hoc calibration campaign at the high-altitude site of Izaña (Tenerife, Spain) and the results of the direct sun and zenith sky geometries were compared to those obtained by two reference instruments from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC): a Fourier Transform Infrared Radiometer (FTIR) and an advanced visible spectrograph (RASAS-II) based on the differential optical absorption spectrometry (DOAS) technique. To determine the extraterrestrial constant, an easily implementable extension of the standard Langley technique for very clean sites without tropospheric NO2 was developed which takes into account the daytime linear drift of stratospheric nitrogen dioxide due to photochemistry. The measurement uncertainty was thoroughly determined by using a Monte Carlo technique. Poisson noise and wavelength misalignments were found to be the most influential contributors to the overall uncertainty, and possible solutions are proposed for future improvements. The new algorithm is backward-compatible, thus allowing for the reprocessing of historical data sets.
- Published
- 2018
48. Toward High Precision XCO2 Retrievals From TanSat Observations: Retrieval Improvement and Validation Against TCCON Measurements.
- Author
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Yang, D., Boesch, H., Liu, Y., Somkuti, P., Cai, Z., Chen, X., Di Noia, A., Lin, C., Lu, N., Lyu, D., Parker, R. J., Tian, L., Wang, M., Webb, A., Yao, L., Yin, Z., Zheng, Y., Deutscher, N. M., Griffith, D. W. T., and Hase, F.
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ALGORITHMS ,QUALITY control ,RADIOMETRIC methods - Abstract
TanSat is the 1st Chinese carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement satellite, launched in 2016. In this study, the University of Leicester Full Physics (UoL‐FP) algorithm is implemented for TanSat nadir mode XCO2 retrievals. We develop a spectrum correction method to reduce the retrieval errors by the online fitting of an 8th order Fourier series. The spectrum‐correction model and its a priori parameters are developed by analyzing the solar calibration measurement. This correction provides a significant improvement to the O2 A band retrieval. Accordingly, we extend the previous TanSat single CO2 weak band retrieval to a combined O2 A and CO2 weak band retrieval. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied to determine the threshold values of post‐screening filters. In total, 18.3% of the retrieved data is identified as high quality compared to the original measurements. The same quality control parameters have been used in a footprint independent multiple linear regression bias correction due to the strong correlation with the XCO2 retrieval error. Twenty sites of the Total Column Carbon Observing Network (TCCON) have been selected to validate our new approach for the TanSat XCO2 retrieval. We show that our new approach produces a significant improvement on the XCO2 retrieval accuracy and precision when compared to TCCON with an average bias and RMSE of −0.08 ppm and 1.47 ppm, respectively. The methods used in this study can help to improve the XCO2 retrieval from TanSat and subsequently the Level‐2 data production, and hence will be applied in the TanSat operational XCO2 processing. Key Points: First using O2 A and 1.61 um CO2 band approaching TanSat XCO2 retreivalDevelopment a method on radiometric correction of TanSat L1B data in O2 A and 1.61 um CO2Validation of new TanSat retrieval against TCCON and recived significant improved results compare to previously retrieval [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Consistent regional fluxes of CH4 and CO2 inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH4:XCO2 retrievals, 2010–2014
- Author
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Feng, L, Palmer, PI, Bosch, H, Parker, RJ, Webb, AJ, Correia, CSC, Deutscher, NM, Domingues, LG, Feist, DG, Gatti, LV, Gloor, E, Hase, F, Kivi, R, Liu, Y, Miller, JB, Morino, I, Sussmann, R, Strong, K, Uchino, O, Wang, J, and Zahn, A
- Subjects
lcsh:Chemistry ,Earth sciences ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,ddc:550 ,lcsh:Physics ,lcsh:QC1-999 - Abstract
We use the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry and transport and an ensemble Kalman filter to simultaneously infer regional fluxes of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from GOSAT retrievals of XCH4 : XCO2, using sparse ground-based CH4 and CO2 mole fraction data to anchor the ratio. This work builds on the previously reported theory that takes into account that (1) these ratios are less prone to systematic error than either the full-physics data products or the proxy CH4 data products; and (2) the resulting CH4 and CO2 fluxes are self-consistent. We show that a posteriori fluxes inferred from the GOSAT data generally outperform the fluxes inferred only from in situ data, as expected. GOSAT CH4 and CO2 fluxes are consistent with global growth rates for CO2 and CH4 reported by NOAA and have a range of independent data including new profile measurements (0–7 km) over the Amazon Basin that were collected specifically to help validate GOSAT over this geographical region. We find that large-scale multi-year annual a posteriori CO2 fluxes inferred from GOSAT data are similar to those inferred from the in situ surface data but with smaller uncertainties, particularly over the tropics. GOSAT data are consistent with smaller peak-to-peak seasonal amplitudes of CO2 than either the a priori or in situ inversion, particularly over the tropics and the southern extratropics. Over the northern extratropics, GOSAT data show larger uptake than the a priori but less than the in situ inversion, resulting in small net emissions over the year. We also find evidence that the carbon balance of tropical South America was perturbed following the droughts of 2010 and 2012 with net annual fluxes not returning to an approximate annual balance until 2013. In contrast, GOSAT data significantly changed the a priori spatial distribution of CH4 emission with a 40 % increase over tropical South America and tropical Asia and a smaller decrease over Eurasia and temperate South America. We find no evidence from GOSAT that tropical South American CH4 fluxes were dramatically affected by the two large-scale Amazon droughts. However, we find that GOSAT data are consistent with double seasonal peaks in Amazonian fluxes that are reproduced over the 5 years we studied: a small peak from January to April and a larger peak from June to October, which are likely due to superimposed emissions from different geographical regions.
- Published
- 2017
50. MUSICA MetOp/IASI {H2O,δD} pair retrieval simulations for validating tropospheric moisture pathways in atmospheric models
- Author
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Schneider, M., Borger, C., Wiegele, A., Hase, F., García, O. E., Sepúlveda, E., and Werner, M.
- Abstract
The project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) has shown that the sensor IASI aboard the satellite MetOp can measure the free tropospheric {H2O,δD} pair distribution twice per day on a quasi-global scale. Such data are very promising for investigating tropospheric moisture pathways, however, the complex data characteristics compromise their usage in the context of model evaluation studies. Here we present a tool that allows for simulating MUSICA MetOp/IASI {H2O,δD} pair remote sensing data for a given model atmosphere, thereby creating model data that have the remote sensing data characteristics assimilated. This model data can then be compared to the MUSICA data. The retrieval simulation method is based on the physical principles of radiative transfer and we show that the uncertainty of the simulations is within the uncertainty of the MUSICA MetOp/IASI products, i.e. the retrieval simulations are reliable enough. We demonstrate the working principle of the simulator by applying it to ECHAM5-wiso model data. The few case studies clearly reveal the large potential of the MUSICA MetOp/IASI {H2O,δD} data pairs for evaluating modelled moisture pathways. The tool is made freely available in form of MATLAB and Python routines and can be easily connected to any atmospheric water vapour isotopologue model.
- Published
- 2017
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