Search

There are large gaps in child education outcomes between the Kinh majority and non-Kinh minorities in Vietnam. This paper seeks to understand the reasons for these ethnic gaps. The examination employs Probit and multilevel regression models, and associated decomposition techniques. The results show that Vietnam's ethnic gap in school enrolment is mostly attributable to household characteristics such as household expenditure and father's education. Gaps in schooling progress and performance are explained by a broader set of variables such as child, household, commune, school, and peer characteristics.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the indications and describe the aortic valve reconstruction techniques by Ozaki's procedure in Vietnam and report mid‐term outcomes of this technique in Vietnam. Methods: Between June 2017 and December 2019, 72 patients diagnosed with isolated aortic valve disease, with a mean age of 52.9 (19–79 years old), and a male:female ratio of 3:1 underwent aortic valve reconstruction surgery by Ozaki's technique at Cardiovascular Center, E Hospital, Vietnam. Results: The aortic valve diseases consisted of aortic stenosis (42%), aortic regurgitation (28%), and a combination of both (30%). In addition, the proportion of aortic valves with bicuspid morphology and small annulus (≤21 mm) was 28% and 38.9%, respectively. The mean aortic cross‐clamp time was 106 ± 13.8 min, mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 136.7 ± 18.5 min, and 2.8% of all patients required conversion to prosthetic valve replacement surgery. The mean follow‐up time was 26.4 months (12–42 months), the survival rate was 95.8%, the reoperation rate was 2.8%, and rate of postoperative moderate or higher aortic valve regurgitation was 4.2%. Postoperative valvular hemodynamics was favorable, with a peak pressure gradient of 16.1 mmHg and an effective orifice area index of 2.3 cm2. Conclusions: This procedure was safe and effective, with favorable valvular hemodynamics and a low rate of valvular degeneration. However, more long‐term follow‐up data are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome‐wide analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains is essential to better understand infectivity and virulence and to track coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and outbreaks. We performed whole‐genome sequencing of 27 SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated between January 2020 and April 2020. A total of 54 mutations in different genomic regions was found. The D614G mutation, first detected in March 2020, was identified in 18 strains and was more likely associated with a lower cycle threshold (<25) in real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnostic tests than the original D614 (prevalence ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–6.38). The integration of sequencing and epidemiological data suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in both quarantine areas and in the community in Vietnam occur at the beginning of the epidemic although the country implemented strict quarantine quite early, with strict contact tracing, and testing. These findings provide insights into the nature of the epidemic, as well as shape strategies for COVID‐19 prevention and control in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 2020, we identified two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected patients in a familial cluster with one person coming from Wuhan, China. The complete genome sequences of two SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from these patients were identical and 99.98% similar to strains isolated in Wuhan. This is genetically suggestive of human‐to‐human transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and indicates Wuhan as the most plausible origin of the early outbreak in Vietnam. The younger patient had a mild upper respiratory illness and a brief viral shedding, whereas the elderly with multi‐morbidity had pneumonia, prolonged viral shedding, and residual lung damage. The evidence of nonsynonymous substitutions in the ORF1ab region of the viral sequence warrants further studies. Highlights: Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is a global public health and clinical concern.This report describes clinical features, virus isolation, and complete genome sequences from the first two SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Vietnam.Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis suggested evidence of human‐to‐human transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. Comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from these two patients with those from Wuhan showed high similarities.Nonsynonymous substitutions existed in the ORF1ab region of the viral sequence.Compared with mild clinical and virological manifestations in the younger patient, the elderly suffered from pneumonia, prolonged viral shedding, and residual lung damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of school starting age on teenage marriage and motherhood in Vietnam. The investigation uses data from the 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census and regression discontinuity methods to identify the causal effects of school starting age on teenage marriage—a first in the literature—and early motherhood. Results show that girls who start school earlier are more likely to marry and/or give birth as teenagers than their counterparts who begin school later. School starting age impacts are heterogeneous across girl subgroups. The deleterious effects of starting school early are particularly pronounced for teenage girls who are members of ethnic minorities, whose mothers have relatively less education, and whose households are relatively poor. Girls that fall into these subgroups are more likely to benefit from a delay in school entry. Government may wish to adopt a more flexible approach to its age at entry regulations to allow disadvantaged girls the option of starting school later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern imported from the United Kingdom to Vietnam, December 2020 Here, we describe clinical, epidemiological characteristics, and sequencing of the B.1.1.7 variant from a patient with pneumonia imported from the United Kingdom to Vietnam. On December 14, 2020, the United Kingdom reported a newly identified variant of SARS-CoV-2 (known as VOC 202012/01 or B.1.1.7 lineage).1,2 This carries several mutations, including the spike protein N501Y substitution and 69-70del, resulting in substantially increased transmission rates of 50-74% greater than other variants3; the variant rapidly circulates worldwide.4 In such a context, a full characterization of this variant is essential for a further development of response strategies to COVID-19. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Reports of pregnant women infected with avian influenza are rare. Studies showed that A/H5N1 virus can penetrate the placental barrier and infect the fetus. Of six documented cases, four died and two survivors had a spontaneous abortion. Objectives: We report a clinical, outcome and epidemiological characteristics of a 36‐week pregnant woman infected with A/H5N1 and her newborn in Soc Trang province of Vietnam in 2012. Methods: Epidemiological and laboratory investigations were conducted. Clinical manifestations, progress, treatment and outcome of the case‐patient and her newborn were collected. Human tracheal aspirate, throat swab and serum specimens were tested for influenza A/H5N1, A/H3N1, A/H1N1pdm09 and B by real‐time RT‐PCR and genome sequencing. Poultry throat and rectal swabs were tested by PCR and virus isolation. Results: Case‐patient hospitalized with high fever and cough, and died after onset 6 days. She continuously slaughtered sick poultry 5 days before illness onset. Clinical manifestation showed rapid progressive severe pneumonia. Her tracheal aspirate sample was positive influenza A/H5N1 virus. Her new‐born was delivered by caesarean section with low birth weight and early onset pneumonia, however fully recovered after 16 days treatment. Neonate's throat swabs and paired serum samples tested negative for influenza A/H5N1. Clade 1.1 A/H5N1 virus was detected in poultry samples, was same clade and highly homogenous with the virus was detected in the mother. Conclusions: This was the first documented a live birth from a pregnant woman infected with influenza A/H5N1 virus. Intensive studies are needed to better understand mother‐to‐child transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new limonoids, walsucochinones A-C (1-3), along with eight known compounds, were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the bark of Walsura cochinchinensis. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques, mainly 1-D and 2-D NMR. The ethyl acetate extract showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro using the SRB assay. Walsucochinone C (3) exhibited the most active effect with IC 50 value of 16.4 ± 0.2 μM., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Surveillance and outbreak reporting systems in Vietnam required improvements to function effectively as early warning and response systems. Accordingly, the Ministry of Health of Vietnam, in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a pilot project in 2016 focusing on community and hospital event-based surveillance. The pilot was implemented in 4 of Vietnam's 63 provinces. The pilot demonstrated that event-based surveillance resulted in early detection and reporting of outbreaks, improved collaboration between the healthcare facilities and preventive sectors of the ministry, and increased community participation in surveillance and reporting.

Aims: Several studies have shown a large diversity in the prevalence, extent and severity of gingival recession as well as controversial conclusions of its associated factors. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate gingival recession with predisposing factors in young Vietnamese., Methods: A cross-sectional study using clinical examination was performed in 120 dental students. Oral hygiene status, tooth malposition and fraenal attachment were recorded. The width of keratinised gingiva was measured after mucosa staining with Lugol's iodine solution. Measurements of gingival recession were performed on labial tooth surfaces. Chisquare test, t-test and Pearsonâs correlation were used for data analysis., Results: The prevalence of gingival recession was 72.5% of the studied population. The extent of affected teeth was 11.1% of the examined teeth. The proportion of root-surface exposure was statistically higher (P<0.05) in the maxilla (12.5%) than in the mandible (9.6%). Premolars and right canines were the teeth most frequently and most seriously associated with gingival recession, respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between narrow width of keratinised gingiva and gingival recession (P<0.001). The recession was statistically associated with tooth malposition (P<0.001) but it was not related to high fraenal attachment and gender., Conclusions: A high prevalence of gingival recession was found in Vietnamese dental students. Gingival recession was associated with narrow width of keratinised gingiva, tooth malposition and maxillary teeth. Further studies performed in larger populations with more extended age groups are needed to confirm these findings.