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This study considered whether experiencing cybervictimization is associated with increased recognition of cybervictimization intervention opportunities (i.e., witnessing others' cybervictimization), as well as greater engagement in self-protective (e.g., changing usernames and privacy settings) and other-protective cybervictimization bystander response behaviors. We collected cross-sectional self-report data from an age-diverse (M = 46.29 years, SD = 19.14, range = 15–93) national sample (n = 3002). We hypothesized that: (1) personal experiences with cybervictimization would be associated with increased reports of witnessing opportunities to intervene when others are cybervictimized, greater self-reported use of active bystander behaviors in witnessed situations, and greater use of self-protective strategies; (2) We also expected that engagement in self-protective behaviors would be positively associated with engagement in other-protective bystander behaviors in response to witnessed cybervictimization. To test our hypotheses, we estimated a structural equation model wherein four latent variables were constructed: cybervictimization experienced, witnessed opportunities to intervene, engagement in self-protective behaviors, and engagement in other-protective cybervictimization bystander behaviors. As hypothesized, cybervictimization was associated with witnessing more opportunities to intervene in other's cybervictimization, greater self-reported use of active cyber bystander behaviors, and greater engagement in self-protective strategies. However, the strength of two associations was moderated by age, with stronger relationships between cybervictimization and witnessing opportunities to intervene as well as engaging in bystander behavior for older as compared to younger participants. Contrary to hypothesis, there were no significant associations between use of self and other protective behaviors. Furthermore, greater witnessing of cybervictimization was associated with less engagement in bystander behavior in the final model. The implications for existing bystander intervention programs are described. Longitudinal studies of these associations in multiple age groups and among different cultural groups remain necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on data from focus groups with 152 trans youth aged 14 to 18 years in the United States, this article explores the factors that the participants understood as contributing to adolescent pregnancy among trans youth. Youth posited that unintended pregnancies occur due to barriers to contraceptives; a lack of gender-affirming sexual health education; sexual assault and dating violence; and mental health–influenced sexual risk-taking. Participants suggested that intended pregnancies may be a self-development strategy; a self-directed effort to repress/change gender modality or identity; and due to the perceived incompatibility between pregnancy and transition, where pregnancy must occur prior to transitioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown lower screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear how the pandemic affected STI testing among juvenile justice-involved youth, especially for extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia. Retrospective chart review was conducted between March 2020 and June 2021 utilizing electronic health records of youth seen at a preadjudication facility in the southwest United States. Rates of extragenital testing were compared with prepandemic rates. Overall, 574 youth were observed; 86% were male, mean age was 15.4 years, and 48.6% were Black. Of the youth reporting performing oral sex, 57% were tested for oropharyngeal STIs compared to 33.5% in 2018 to 2019. Twenty percent of those reporting anal receptive sex were tested for rectal infections compared to 25.9% before the pandemic. Pandemic testing for oropharyngeal STIs increased but rectal testing decreased. Overall, testing rates remained low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tactics used to perpetrate sexual violence may be crucial to understanding when and why sexual violence occurs. Moreover, most sexual violence occurs between people who know each other—including in the context of dating or sexual relationships. Little is known about the context of sexual violence that occurs with non-romantic partners. To address these research gaps, we examined online survey data from 786 young adults (weighted n = 763) aged 19 to 27 years, living across the United States. Findings suggest that 60% of sexual assault, 40% of attempted rape, 42% of rape, and 67% of coercive sex were perpetrated against a romantic partner, defined as a current or ex-boyfriend, girlfriend, spouse, or domestic partner. Contextual differences were noted by relationship type: Those who perpetrated against romantic partners were more likely than those who targeted non-romantic partners to report that it occurred because they were feeling sad or angry. They were also more likely to say that the other person was completely responsible for what happened. Conversely, those who aggressed against non-romantic partners were more likely to say that someone else found out about what happened. Making the other person feel guilty was the most common tactic for both groups. The most frequently endorsed reason for perpetrating sexual violence was "feeling really horny," although feeling "good" or being drunk/high were also common reasons noted by aggressors. Afterward, many said they felt guilty or ashamed and were worried about the other person's feelings. Fear of getting caught was universally absent. Findings support the importance of building emotion regulation and emotional awareness skills in sexual violence prevention programming. Prevention programs should also discuss coercion as a violence tactic, since perpetrators may not always recognize this to be sexual violence. More generally, violence prevention programs should also address healthy relationships, consent, and taking responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to conduct formative research to inform the development of an app, that would simultaneously engage youth and adults, to prevent dating and sexual violence (DSV) and alcohol use (AU). Participants (N = 56) were high school students, parents/guardians, and professionals (e.g., school personnel) from across the United States who participated in online focus groups. Overall, participants had positive perceptions of the utility, helpfulness, and effectiveness of an app to prevent DSV and AU among high school students. Participants provided in depth information about both the content (e.g., local rates of DSV and AU) and features (e.g., skills‐based, inclusion of incentives, help button) that the app should include. These preliminary data suggest that future research to develop and pilot an app for both youth and adults to prevent DSV and AU among high school students is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To assess changes in minor consent laws for sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV testing, treatment, and prevention services in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 1900 to 2021. Methods. We coded laws into minor consent for (1) health care generally; (2) STI testing, treatment, and prevention; (3) HIV testing, treatment, and prevention; and (4) pre- or postexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. We also coded confidentiality protections and required conditions (e.g., threshold clinician judgments). Results. The largest increase in states allowing minors to consent to STI services occurred during the 1960s and 1970s. By 2021, minors could consent independently to STI and HIV testing and treatment in all 50 states plus DC, STI prevention services in 32 jurisdictions, and HIV prevention services in 33 jurisdictions. Confidentiality protections for minors are rare. Prerequisites are common. Conclusions. Although the number of states allowing minors to consent independently to STI and HIV services has increased considerably, these laws have substantial limitations, including high complexity, prerequisites requiring clinician judgments, and neglect of confidentiality concerns. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(4):397–407. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307199) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examined cultural differences in preferences for conflict resolution styles using the dual-concern model with 103 college students in Mexico (collectivistic culture) and 91 college students in the United States (individualistic culture). Results suggest that independence of the self and interdependence of the self may be separate dimensions, rather than a continuum. (SLD)

Cisgender sexual minority girls report an earlier average age at first sex than cisgender heterosexual girls, but little is known about these first experiences with sex. As part of a larger study to develop a sexual health intervention for cisgender sexual minority girls, this analysis explored the context of first sexual experiences of 48 cisgender, sexually experienced, sexual minority girls ages 14 to 18 years in four online focus groups. We used qualitative description to explore with whom girls had their first sex, where it took place, and the context surrounding the experience. Our findings documented both thoughtful intended first sex in committed and intimate friend relationships, and casual, unintended experiences influenced by alcohol, in parental homes and outdoor settings, and provide brief glimpses into the first experiences for sexual minority cisgender girls. They can provide a starting point for sexual health education content that is more inclusive of sexual orientation, and support sexual minority girls' knowledge of how to have safe, enjoyable, and positive sexual experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In children, the mechanisms implicated in deterioration of glucose homeostasis versus reversion to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) remain uncertain. We aimed to describe the natural history of dysglycemia from childhood to late adolescence and to identify its early determinants. We used baseline (8–10 years, n = 630), 1st follow‐up (10–12 years, n = 564) and 2nd follow‐up (15–17 years, n = 377) data from the QUALITY cohort of White Canadian children with parental obesity. Children underwent a 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test at each cycle with plasma glucose and insulin measured at 0/30/60/90/120 min. American Diabetes Association criteria defined dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes). Longitudinal patterns of insulin sensitivity and beta‐cell function were estimated using generalized additive mixed models. Model averaging identified biological, sociodemographic and lifestyle‐related determinants of dysglycemia. Of the children NGT at baseline, 66 (21%) developed dysglycemia without reverting to NGT. Among children with dysglycemia at baseline, 24 (73%) reverted to NGT. In children with dysglycemia at 1st follow‐up, 18 (53%) later reverted to NGT. Among biological, sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants at 8–10 years, only fasting and 2‐h glucose were associated with developing dysglycemia (odds ratio [95% CI] per 1 mmol/L increase: 4.50 [1.06; 19.02] and 1.74 [1.11; 2.73], respectively). Beta‐cell function decreased by 40% in children with overweight or obesity. In conclusion, up to 75% of children with dysglycemia reverted to NGT during puberty. Children with higher fasting and 2‐h glucose were at higher risk for progression to dysglycemia, while no demographic/lifestyle determinants were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Although lesbian, gay, bisexual and other sexual minority (LGB1) girls are more likely than heterosexual girls to be pregnant during adolescence, relevant pregnancy prevention programming is lacking. METHODS: A national randomized controlled trial was conducted with 948 14- to 18-year-old cisgender LGB1 girls assigned to either Girl2Girl or an attention-matched control group. Participants were recruited on social media between January 2017 and January 2018 and enrolled over the telephone. Between 5 and 10 text messages were sent daily for 7 weeks. Both experimental arms ended with a 1-week booster delivered 12 weeks subsequently. RESULTS: A total of 799 (84%) participants completed the intervention end survey. Participants were, on average, 16.1 years of age (SD: 1.2 years). Forty-three percent were minority race; 24% were Hispanic ethnicity. Fifteen percent lived in a rural area and 29% came from a lowincome household. Girl2Girl was associated with significantly higher rates of condomprotected sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.48, P, .001), current use of birth control other than condoms (aOR = 1.60, P = .02), and intentions to use birth control among those not currently on birth control (aOR = 1.93, P = .001). Differences in pregnancy were clinically but not statistically significant (aOR = 0.43, P = .23). Abstinence (aOR = 0.82, P = .34), intentions to be abstinent (aOR = 0.95, P = .77), and intentions to use condoms (aOR = 1.09, P = .59) were similar by study arm. CONCLUSIONS: Girl2Girl appears to be associated with increases in pregnancy preventive behaviors for LGB1 girls, at least in the short-term. Comprehensive text messaging--based interventions could be used more widely to promote adolescent sexual health behaviors across the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores assumptions made and measurement approaches in the nuanced pathway between enacted state immigration policies and the outcomes they affect in Latino immigrant communities. Scholars across a variety of fields have found that contemporary state immigrant policymaking is associated with outcomes in immigrant communities including political engagement, mental and physical health, access to education, and labor opportunities. In this paper, we explore questions of how state immigration policies produce these and other outcomes. Much of this literature relies on the assumption that members of the immigrant communities are aware of the state policies being enacted, yet few quantitative studies of the effects of state immigration policy contain measures of both policy and of perception. We seek to determine the extent to which Latino immigrants are aware of state immigrant policymaking to help determine whether state immigration policies are a valid approach to measure perceptions of the immigration policy environment in Latino immigrant communities. Additionally, we explore alternative measures of immigration policy. Our findings are particularly relevant to policymakers and immigration scholars as the contemporary political environment has helped to fuel anti‐immigrant sentiments and rhetoric contributing to Latinos' perceptions of the state immigrant policy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National, epidemiological data that provide lifetime rates of psychological, physical, and sexual adolescent data abuse (ADA) perpetration and victimization within the same sample of youth are lacking. To address this gap, data from 1058 randomly selected U.S. youth, 14-21 years old, surveyed online in 2011 and/or 2012, were weighted to be nationally representative and analyzed. In addition to reporting prevalence rates, we also examined the overlap of the six types of ADA queried. Results suggested that ADA was commonly reported by both male and female youth. Half (51 %) of female youth and 43 % of male youth reported victimization of at least one of the three types of ADA. Half (50 %) of female youth and 35 % of male youth reported at least one type of ADA perpetration. More male youth reported sexual ADA perpetration than female youth. More female youth reported perpetration of psychological and physical ADA and more reported psychological victimization than male youth. Rates were similar across race and ethnicity, but increased with age. This increase may have been because older youth spent longer time in relationships than younger youth, or perhaps because older youth were developmentally more likely than younger youth to be in abusive relationships. Many youth reported being both perpetrators and victims and/or involved in multiple forms of ADA across their dating history. Together, these findings suggested that interventions should acknowledge that youth may play multiple roles in abusive dyads. Understanding the overlap among ADA within the same as well as across multiple relationships will be invaluable to future interventions aiming to disrupt and prevent ADA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine Latino citizen children in mixed-status families and how their physical health status compares to their U.S. citizen, co-ethnic counterparts. We also examine Latino parents' perceptions of state immigration policy and its implications for child health status. Using the 2015 Latino National Health and Immigration Survey (n = 1493), we estimate a series of multivariate ordered logistic regression models with mixed-status family and perceptions of state immigration policy as primary predictors. We find that mixed-status families report worse physical health for their children as compared to their U.S. citizen co-ethnics. We also find that parental perceptions of their states' immigration status further exacerbate health disparities between families. These findings have implications for scholars and policy makers interested in immigrant health, family wellbeing, and health disparities in complex family structures. They contribute to the scholarship on Latino child health and on the erosion of the Latino immigrant health advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As US deportations and repatriations climbed to unprecedented levels, half of Mexican immigrants deported have at least one family member who is a US citizen, and one in five have at least one child who is a US citizen. This paper applies the analytic of forced transnationality, extending its scope beyond one person’s deportation to reveal cascading effects of travel and trauma for families remaking lives across the US-Mexico border. To do so, our research draws on interviews with mixed-status families, where transnational children have legal permission to reside in the US (including citizenship) and live with caregivers (like parents) who do not. In the wake of the rupture of prolonged detention and deportation, families seek to suture themselves as a collective social subject that is reshaped by forced transnationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether U.S. county governments are responsive to their policy environments is a critical question in light of evidence that counties have expanded their policy portfolios and governmental professionalism to meet increased citizen demands. This study examines whether economic interests and political preferences influence decisions by counties to impose smoking bans in nonhospitality workplaces, restaurants, and bars. Results show that counties are responsive to their environments, but that the nature of responsiveness varies by the policy in question and the form of government. These results therefore shed light on the ability of counties to function as democratic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there is an extant research base regarding suicidal ideation in relation to bullying and peer harassment, how findings may be similar and different for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and non-LGB youth is less well understood. To address this gap, we analyzed data from 5,542 13- to 18-year-old youth who were nationally surveyed online in the United States in 2010. Results suggest that the relative odds of suicidal ideation are elevated for youth who are victims of bullying (OR = 5.61, 95 % CI, 4.11, 7.64), as well as those who are victims of peer harassment (OR = 2.06, 95 % CI, 1.53, 2.79). Within the context of other important factors, bullying was associated with odds of suicidal ideation twice that of non-victimized youth (aOR = 2.02, 95 % CI, 1.30, 3.13). Within sexual identity, the relation between bullying and suicidal ideation was particularly strong for gay, lesbian, and queer youth, even after adjusting for other influential factors (aOR = 6.29, 95 % CI, 2.69, 14.66). Across sexual identities, the odds of suicidal ideation are higher for bisexual youth (aOR = 1.77, 95 % CI, 1.23, 2.55) but not for other sexual minority youth when compared with otherwise similar heterosexual youth. Other factors, including depressive symptomatology and low self-esteem, were also predictive of recent ideation across all sexual identities. Findings highlight the complexity of bullying and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, given the relation between bullying and suicidal ideation, and the disproportionate level of bullying experienced by LGB youth, our findings suggest the need for more protective environments for LGB youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Emerging research suggests sexual media affects sexual behavior, but most studies are based on regional samples and few include measures of newer mediums. Furthermore, little is known about how sexual media relates to sexual violence victimization. Methods. Data are from 1058 youth 14 to 21 years of age in the national, online Growing up with Media study. Results. Forty-seven percent reported that many or almost all/all of at least one type of media they consumed depicted sexual situations. Exposure to sexual media in television and movies, and music was greater than online and in games. All other things equal, more frequent exposure to sexual media was related to ever having had sex, coercive sex victimization, and attempted/completed rape but not risky sexual behavior. Conclusions. Longer standing mediums such as television and movies appear to be associated with greater amounts of sexual media consumption than newer ones, such as the Internet. A nuanced view of how sexual media content may and may not be affecting today’s youth is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Background: There is a need for brief instruments to screen for depression in adolescents that are valid, reliable and freely available. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a 10-item version of the CESD-R (CESDR-10) in two national adolescent samples. Methods: Sample 1 consisted of N=3777 youths (mean age 15.7) and Sample 2 contained N=1150 adolescents (mean age 14.5). We performed confirmatory factor analysis, evaluated construct validity, examined differential item functioning, and assessed internal consistency reliability (α). Results: The results suggest generally strong psychometric properties for the CESDR-10. The CFA 1-factor model showed good model fit. Construct validity was partially supported in Sample 1 and mostly supported for Sample 2 based upon the characteristics examined. The CESDR-10 showed configural and metric invariance across both samples and full measurement invariance across sex. There were no notable differences in discrimination parameters or clinically significant differential item functioning between samples or sexes. Limitations: Criterion related validity was not assessed in this study. Further studies should evaluate the scale in comparison to a psychiatric diagnosis. In addition, this study utilized a web-based format of administration which may influence participants׳ answers. In future studies, the CESDR-10 should be administered in other settings to more thoroughly establish its generalizability. Conclusion: In clinical and non-clinical settings alike, time pressures make the availability of brief but valid screening measures critical. Findings support future use of the CESDR-10. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: To address the lack of smoking cessation programs available to young adults, Stop My Smoking (SMS) USA, a text messaging–based smoking cessation program, was developed and pilot tested. Methods: This was a two-arm randomized controlled trial with adaptive randomization (arms were balanced by sex and smoking level [heavy vs. light]), conducted nationally in the United States. One hundred sixty-four 18- to 25-year-old daily smokers who were seriously thinking about quitting in the next 30 days were randomized to either (a) the 6-week SMS USA intervention (n = 101) or (b) an attention-matched control group aimed at improving sleep and physical activity (n = 63). The main outcome measure was 3-month continuous abstinence, verified by a significant other. Participants but not researchers were blinded to study arm allocation. Results: Based upon intent-to-treat analyses, intervention participants (39%) were significantly more likely than control participants (21%) to have quit at 4 weeks postquit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48, 7.45). Findings were not sustained at 3 months postquit, although rates in the SMS USA group were favored (40% vs. 30%, respectively; aOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.78, 3.21). Subsequent analyses suggested that among intervention participants, SMS USA might be more influential for youth not currently enrolled in a higher education (p = .06). Conclusions: Consistent with pilot studies, the sample was underpowered. Data suggest, however, that the SMS USA program affects smoking cessation rates at 4 weeks postquit. More research is needed before conclusions can be made about long-term impact. Identifying profiles of users for whom the program may be particularly beneficial also will be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We examine the incidence of material hardship experienced by low-income households with children, before and after the major changes to U.S. anti-poverty programs during the 1990s. We use the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine a series of measures of household material hardship that were collected in the years 1992, 1995, 1998, 2003 and 2005. We stratify our sample to differentiate between the 1) deeply poor (<50% of poverty), who saw a decline in public assistance over this period; and two groups that saw some forms of public assistance increase: 2) other poor households (50–99% of poverty), and 3) the near poor (100–150% of poverty). We report bivariate trends over the study period, as well as presenting multivariate difference-in-differences estimates. We find suggestive evidence that material hardship—in the form of difficulty meeting essential household expenses, and falling behind on utilities costs—has generally increased among the deeply poor but has remained roughly the same for the middle group (50–99% of poverty), and decreased among the near poor (100–150% of poverty). Multivariate difference-in-differences estimates suggest that these trends have resulted in intensified stratification of the material well-being of low-income households with children. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An essay is presented which discusses the historiography of Latino American theater in relation to neoliberalism and identity politics. Particular focus is given to the relationship between Latino American theater and the transnationalization of labor, the privatization of social goods and the decline of the U.S. welfare state.

The article analyzes whether the European Union's (EU) privacy laws can be used as a model for the U.S. and presents a comparative analysis of data collection in Great Britain, Germany and the U.S. It analyzes the existing data collection privacy laws in the U.S. and reflects on the U.S. Congress May 2010 Internet privacy draft bill. It states that the enforcement powers of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission should be strengthen to avoid the disharmony of the EU system.

Longitudinal linkages between intentional exposure to x-rated material and sexually aggressive behavior were examined among youth 10-15 year olds surveyed nationally in the United States. At Wave 1 in 2006, participants ( n = 1,588) were queried about these exposures and outcomes in the preceding 12 months. Wave 2 data ( n = 1,206) were collected approximately 12 months after Wave 1 and Wave 3 data ( n = 1,159) were collected approximately 24 months after Wave 1. Thus, data for this project represent a 36-month time frame. A marginal model with generalized estimating equations was used to represent the population-average odds of sexually aggressive behavior over the 36 months as a function of exposure to x-rated material over the same time and to account for clustering in the data within person over time. An average of 5% of youth reported perpetrating sexually aggressive behavior and 23% of youth reported intentional exposure to x-rated material. After adjusting for other potentially influential proximal (i.e., sexual aggression victimization) and distal characteristics (e.g., substance use), we found that intentional exposure to violent x-rated material over time predicted an almost 6-fold increase in the odds of self-reported sexually aggressive behavior (aOR: 5.8, 95% CI: 3.2, 10.5), whereas exposure to nonviolent x-rated material was not statistically significantly related (aOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.94, 2.9). Associations were similar for boys and girls (boys nonviolent x-rated material aOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.8, 4.7; violent x-rated material aOR = 6.5, 95% CI: 2.7, 15.3; girls nonviolent x-rated material aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.5, 3.2; violet x-rated material aOR = 6.1, 95% CI: 2.5, 14.8). Aggr. Behav. 37:1-18, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a consensus document produced by participants in the 2009 Future of Emergency Medicine Summit held in Dallas, Texas. The participants agreed that emergency medical care is an important service to the community that should be accessible to the public. They also agreed that an insufficient emergency physician workforce represents a potential threat to patient safety, and all providers of emergency care should have continuing postgraduate education.

Integrated care holds promise for reducing mental health disparities for racial and ethnic minority groups, but studies are lacking. The authors consider critical components of effective integrated models for minority populations, including cultural and linguistic competence and a diverse workforce, and describe emerging best practices. To successfully implement integrated models into practice with minority populations will require guidance from communities, consumers and family members, and national experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet is transforming the way in which consumers approach their health care needs. Sex and age are influential aspects of one's health as well as disease risk and are thus integral components of the emerging picture of health information seekers. Using data from Surveying the Digital Future, Year 4, a nationally representative, longitudinal telephone survey of Americans 12 years of age and older (n = 2010), we examine the reasons for, assessments of and actions taken as a result of health information found online among men and women and older and younger people. Although we tend to think of the Internet as a young person's technology, the percent of adults 60 years of age and older is similar to that of adolescents using the Internet as a health care information resource, thus suggesting an untapped opportunity with online interventions for older adults. Nonetheless, as age increases so too does the report of frustration with the experience. Men are more likely to report a positive seeking experience than women. Differences in Internet use fail to explain these observed sex and age differences in the seeking experience. Across the spectrum of age, sex and Internet skill, Internet health information seeking appears to enhance the patient-provider relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective. : To explore the Internet use and interpersonal interactions of youth reporting deliberate self-harm as defined by any non-fatal act, regardless of intention. Method. : The Second Youth Internet Safety Survey is a nationally representative telephone survey of 1500 Internet users (ages 10–17) in the United States, conducted March to June 2005. Results. : Youth reporting deliberate self-harm in the past 6 months (3%) were significantly more likely than other youth to have a sexual screen name or to talk with people known only online about sex (35% versus 5%) and to use chat rooms (57% versus 29%). All youth were equally likely to talk online with people known in person, yet youth engaging in deliberate self-harm were significantly more likely also to have a close relationship with someone met online (38% versus 10%). Three quarters (76%) of youth reporting self-harm used instant messaging. Conclusion. : Findings suggest that youth who engage in self-harm may be more likely to engage in online behaviors that have the potential to place them in risky situations. Programs aimed at preventing deliberate self-harm should consider adding chat room and instant messaging to their telephone hotline capabilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the history of Latino art in the U.S. The author presents some factors which led to the acceptance of Latino art, including the growing population of Latinos in the country. A number of books are being produced discussing different movements and periods of Latino art. The author also features a new generation of Latino art historian that historicize Latino cultural production.

Presents a study which determined the role of threats in the racial attitudes of U.S. students. Methods; Results; Discussion.

Assesses the propositions of neoclassical economic and social capital theories of international migration in the U.S. Explanation of the decision-making processes for migration; Traumas of border crossing experience; Emphasis on social capital theories of international migration.

Many crime victims experience multiple victimizations over time. Estimating the rate of repeat victimization from a longitudinal survey, however, is difficult because individuals often have missing data for some of the interviews. We use data from the 1996–98 U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey to explore potential effects of missing data on estimated rates of repeat violent victimizations in individuals. We introduce two algorithms for estimating repeat victimization rates, using logistic models to impute values for individuals who have partial data. These models are applied to estimate rates of repeat victimization for all violent crimes, and separately for crimes of domestic violence. Estimates show substantial sensitivity to the form of the model used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analytic review of 44 studies exploring Latino students' psychological adjustment to postsecondary education over the past 2 decades revealed that, compared to Anglos, Latino students scored higher on academic and financial stress measures and valuing of education. These and other findings were statistically significant, but the practical significance (i.e., effect sizes) of much of this literature was small. In order to increase the magnitude of effect sizes, it was recommended that ethnic classification be based not on demographic variables, but on psychological indices of ethnicity. Furthermore, more culturally relevant dependent variables should improve the quality of research conducted on Latino university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses data from one hundred intensive interviews conducted in 1977 with Chicano married couples in a central California city. Several variables were analyzed to determine whether they had any correlation with the type of conjugal role structure a couple had. The factor which appeared to have the strongest impact was whether or not the wife was employed outside the home. If the wife was employed, there was a greater likelihood that household chores and child care would be shared between spouses, and that, in general, they would have a more egalitarian conjugal role structure than couples where the wife was not employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an established therapy when oral/enteral feeding is not sufficient or is contraindicated, but nevertheless PN remains a complex, high-alert medication that is susceptible to errors that may affect patient safety. Over time, considerable progress has been made to make PN practices safer. The purpose of this article is to address ongoing challenges to improve the PN use process from prescription to administration and monitoring, and to outline practical aspects fostering the safety, quality, and cost-effectiveness of PN, as discussed at the International Safety and Quality of PN Summit. Summary: Opportunities to improve the PN use process in clinical practice include the promotion of inter-disciplinary communication, vigilant surveillance for complications, staff education to increase competency, and more consistent use of advanced technologies that allow automated safety checks throughout the PN process. Topics covered include considerations on PN formulations, including the value of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs), trends in compounding PN, the current and future role of market-authorized multi-chamber PN bags containing all 3 macronutrients (amino acids, glucose/dextrose, and ILE) in the United States and in Europe, and strategies to cope with the increasing global problem of PN product shortages. Conclusion: This review outlines potential strategies to use in clinical practice to overcome ongoing challenges throughout the PN use process, and ultimately promote PN patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article is based on presentations and discussions held at the International Safety and Quality of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Summit concerning the acute care setting. Some European practices presented in this article do not conform with USP general chapter <797> requirements. Nevertheless, the purpose is to cover the challenges experienced in delivering high-quality PN within hospitals in the United States and Europe, in order to share best practices and experiences more widely. Summary: Core issues regarding the PN process within an acute care setting are largely the same everywhere: There are ongoing pressures for greater efficiency, optimization, and also concurrent commitments to make PN safer for patients. Within Europe, in recent years, the use of marketauthorized multi-chamber bags (MCBs) has increased greatly, mainly for safety, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency purposes. However, in the US, hospitals with low PN volumes may face particular challenges, as automated compounding equipment is often unaffordable in this setting and the variety of available MCBs is limited. This can result in the need to operate several PN systems in parallel, adding to the complexity of the PN use process. Ongoing PN quality and safety initiatives from US institutions with various PN volumes are presented. In the future, the availability of a greater selection of MCBs in the US may increase, leading to a reduction in dependence on compounded PN, as has been seen in many European countries. Conclusion: The examples presented may encourage improvements in the safety and quality of PN within the acute care setting worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]