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Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and around the world. Due to the pre-existing or acquired chemo-resistance, the current standard chemotherapy regimens only show moderate activity against lung cancer. In the current study, we explored the potential anti-lung cancer activity of cinobufotalin in vivo and in vitro, and studied the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that cinobufotalin displayed considerable cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells (A549, H460 and HTB-58 lines) without inducing significant cell apoptosis. Our data suggest that mitochondrial protein cyclophilin D (Cyp-D)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening mediates cinobufotalin-induced non-apoptotic death of lung cancer cells. The Cyp-D inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), the mPTP blocker sanglifehrin A (SfA), and Cyp-D shRNA-silencing significantly inhibited cinobufotalin-induced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction and A549 cell death (but not apoptosis). Using a mice xenograft model, we found that cinobufotalin inhibited A549 lung cancer cell growth in vivo . Thus, cinobufotalin mainly induces Cyp-D-dependent non-apoptotic death in cultured lung cancer cells. The results of this study suggest that cinobufotalin might be further investigated as a novel anti-lung cancer agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the relationship between tongue manifestation and the degree of neurological impairment in the patients with acute cerebral infarction., Methods: Two hundred patients with first unilateral cerebral infarction were recruited. The relationship between different tongue manifestation and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were analyzed., Results: NIHSS scores in the patients from different tongue color groups were analyzed and further analysis demonstrated that the NIHSS score was higher in the patients with red or bluish-purple tongue than that of those with the pink (P <0.01). On tongue fur, the NIHSS score in the patients with thick fur was higher than that of those with the thin (P=0.003). NIHSS score in patients with slippery, moist or dry fur was significant different (P=0.003), Further analysis demonstrated that the NIHSS score was higher in the patients with dry fur than that of those with moist fur, and had statistical significance (P=0.01). The NIHSS score was higher in patients from greasy fur group than that of the non-greasy (P=0.002). There was significant difference of NHISS score in the patients with different fur color (P=0.000), and further analysis demonstrated that the NHISS score in white-yellow, yellow fur group were higher than that of the white (P=0.06 or 0.000)., Conclusion: The changes of tongue manifestation might be associated with the degree of neurological impairment in the patients with acute cerebral infarction.