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A survey of 99 authors of meta-analyses conducted between 1988 and 1993 was undertaken to identify policies and products that might be helpful in the realization of the procedure's ultimate potential. Although a number of differences were found between medical and social/nonmedically related health scientists, the greatest degree of overall enthusiasm for both groups was observed for the need to educate journal editors and primary researchers regarding information that needs to be reported in an empirical study. The respondents were also in general agreement that a consensus should be developed and disseminated on minimum standards for published meta-analyses. A number of the other proposals were less popular, although an argument is made that some of these have actually come to fruition since the original survey was conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the results of research on the state specific incidence of adult diabetes in the U.S. that was conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. The research assessed the geographic distribution of diagnosed diabetes and examined state specific changes for the periods between 1995-1997 and 2005-2007. Researchers found that the age adjusted incidence of diabetes in the U.S. increased 90% from 1995 to 2007 and that the development of interventions that result in weight loss and increased physical activity for people at risk of diabetes is needed to slow the incidence of diabetes in the U.S.

Purpose: Five strategies were recommended by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) guidelines for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) patients with a very high fracture risk. We aimed to assess their cost-effectiveness in the United States (US)., Methods: A microsimulation Markov model was created to compare the cost-effectiveness of five treatment strategies, including zoledronate, denosumab, abaloparatide, teriparatide, and romosozumab in PMO patients with a recent fracture from the healthcare perspective of the US. The data used in the model were obtained from published studies or online resources. Base-case analysis, one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) and probability sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted for 65-, 70-, 75-, and 80-year-old patients., Results: In base case, at 65 years, zoledronate was the cheapest strategy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER, which represent incremental costs per QALY gained) of denosumab, teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab against zoledronate were $13,020/QALY (quality-adjusted years), $477,331 /QALY, $176,287/QALY, and $98,953/QALY, respectively. Under a willing-to-pay (WTP, which means the highest price a consumer will pay for one unit of a good of service) threshold of $150,000/QALY, denosumab and romosozumab were cost-effective against zoledronate. The PSA results showed that denosumab was the most cost-effective option with WTP thresholds of $50,000/QALY, $100,000/QALY and $150,000/QALY. The results were similar in other age groups. The DSA results indicated that the most common parameters that have important influence on the outcome were drug persistence, incidence of adverse events, the efficacy of drugs on hip fractures and the cost of the drug., Conclusion and Relevance: Among PMO patients with a very high fracture risk in the US, zoledronate is the cheapest strategy and denosumab is the most cost-effective choice among these five strategies., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE).)

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the predictive performances of anatomic staging system (AS) and prognostic staging system (PS) proposed in the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual in patients with pure mucinous breast cancer (PMBC). Methods: Clinicopathologic features and follow-up information were collected from a total of 3628 patients with PMBC. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were compared among patients in different stage groups. Likelihood ratio (LR) χ (2), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell's concordance index (C-index) were used to evaluate the predictive performances of AS and PS in PMBC. Results: In PMBC, BCSS was associated with tumor size ( P =0.002), lymph node status ( P =0.002), grade( P =0.003), PR status( P =0.017)and the receipt of radiation. Compared to AS, 1326 patients (37.54%) underwent stage change after applying PS, with 6.50% upstaged and 37.04% downstaged. There were significant differences in BCSS among patients of different stages under the AS and PS ( P <0.001). However, PS was not superior to AS in predicting prognosis (AS vs PS, LR χ (2): 16.41 vs 17.5; AIC: 357.44 vs 358.35; C-index, 0.72 vs 0.73, P =0.667). Conclusions: Both of AS and PS proposed in the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual were predictive factors in patients with PMBC. Compared with AS, the PS did not show superiority in prognosis prediction among patients with PMBC.

One possibility to increase the organ pool is to use grafts from hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive donors, but few data are currently available in this setting. Herein, we reviewed the outcome of 92 liver transplantations using allografts from HBsAg-positive donors in the United States (1990-2009). They had experienced HBV-related (n = 68) or HBV-unrelated disease (n = 24). There was no difference between patients who received HBsAg-positive versus HBsAg-negative allografts based on age, Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, length of stay, wait time, and donor risk index. HBsAg-positive allografts were more likely to be imported and used in MELD exceptional cases. Allograft and patient survival were comparable between the two groups. HBsAg-positive allografts deserve consideration when no other organ is available in a suitable waiting time in the present era of highly effective antiviral therapy., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A search of the literature was undertaken to estimate the number of meta-analytic studies that have been published in the social and health sciences to date. Altogether, 1,874 published quantitative reviews were located by the end of 1994: 892 in the health sciences, 982 in the social sciences. Trends from 1980 to 1993 indicate that, while the social sciences embraced the technique earlier, health researchers are now publishing almost twice as many meta-analyses as their social science colleagues.