46 results on '"INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization"'
Search Results
2. United States democracy assistance in Malaysia: the nature and impact of concurrent strategy.
- Author
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Ismail, Muhamad Takiyuddin and Abadi, Abdul Muein
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *DEMOCRACY - Abstract
This exploratory article seeks to analyze the nature and impact of one of the main democracy promoters in Malaysia i.e. the United States (US). The US is a promoter that is often being alleged with interfering with Malaysian domestic affairs, especially since the sacking of former Deputy Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim in 1998. This article argues that the US democracy promotion in Malaysia can be conceptualized under the framework of a concurrent democracy assistance strategy. This is due to the fact that while the US is supporting the non-regime compatible program, it is also concurrently channeling bigger aid for regime-compatible program to Malaysia from 1999–2015. The improvement of diplomatic ties between both countries since post-Mahathir era and the prioritization of security issues have led to a more engaging conduct of democracy promotion. Despite the US continuous funding of non-regime-compatible programs through non-state actors, this approach was nevertheless balanced by cordial relations at the state level. Nevertheless, the effect of US democracy assistance and promotion on Malaysia's democratic development has been minimal, reinforcing the views on the difficulty to promote democracy in a semi-authoritarian regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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3. How Can Taiwan and the United States Fight China's Sharp Power? From National Security to Human Security.
- Author
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Jaw-Nian Huang
- Subjects
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DEMOCRACY , *AUTHORITARIANISM , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,CHINA-United States relations ,CHINA-Taiwan relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the threat to liberal democracy and rise in authoritarianism due to China's increasing sharp power. It discusses on what can democratic nations like U.S. and Taiwan do including countering China's power through import and export of capital and information with China, while also inspecting Chinese investments and mergers.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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4. The Democracy Aid Calculus: Regimes, Political Opponents, and the Allocation of US Democracy Assistance, 1981–2009.
- Author
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Peterson, Timothy M. and Scott, James M.
- Subjects
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GOVERNMENT aid , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *DEMOCRACY ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
To encourage the spread of democracy throughout the developing world, the United States provides targeted aid to governments, political parties, and other non-governmental groups and organizations. This study examines the calculations behind the allocation of democracy assistance, with special attention to the role of regime conditions and policy compatibility in the provision of aid. We argue that both concerns—the opportunity for successful democratization and critical goals related to containing and countering political opponents—are central to democracy aid allocations. We theorize how these two concerns determine the amount of aid allocated, operationalizing these concepts using measures of the original democracy level, change in the democracy level, and policy compatibility. We find support for our argument in tests of US democracy aid allocations by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) from 1981–2009. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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5. Грузія - США: багатостороннє співробітництво (1991-2012 рр.)
- Author
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Осмоловська, О. Ю. and Михайленко, І. О.
- Subjects
STATE governments & international relations ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Analysis of the historical experience and foreign political processes of Georgia, which began after the declaration of independence in 1991 and until 2012. The features of Georgia’s foreign policy priorities, namely, cooperation with the US, are highlighted, and the attractiveness and profitability of such cooperation both for Georgia and for America is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
6. The interaction of interests and norms in international democracy promotion.
- Author
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Wolff, Jonas and Spanger, Hans-Joachim
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,GOVERNMENT policy ,COLLATERAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
The existing research on international democracy promotion is characterised by a peculiar tension. On the one hand, many scholars agree that, since 1990, democracy promotion has indeed become a significant aim guiding the foreign and development policies of North-Western democracies. On the other hand, there is a far-reaching consensus that this normative goal is regularly ignored once it collides with economic and/or security interests. This article challenges the notion that we can understand the motives and drivers behind democracy promotion by assuming that interests and norms represent two neatly separated and clearly ranked types of factors. It argues that democracy promotion policies are the result of a complex interaction of interests and norms. After first developing this argument theoretically, the article presents results from a comparative research project on the US and German democracy promotion that support this claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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7. A Brief Survey of Democracy Promotion in US Foreign Policy.
- Author
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Fowler, Michael W.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONAL security ,INTERVENTION (International law) - Abstract
Democracy promotion has been a centerpiece of US foreign policy for over half a century. This article explores the evolution of democracy promotion in US foreign relations from 1821 to 2014. While the quantity and quality of US democracy promotion policy evolved in a nonlinear fashion, US presidents varied the ways and means of democracy promotion as a way to achieve national security objectives. There is signification variation among US presidents on the specific linkages between democracy and security, resulting in divergent policy applications and technical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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8. Cosmetic agreements and the cracks beneath: ideological convergences and divergences in US and EU democracy promotion in civil society.
- Author
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Bridoux, Jeff and Kurki, Milja
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *MONETARY unions - Abstract
This piece examines the substance of EU democracy promotion from a comparative point of view and from a perspective placing under inquiry the meaning of the idea of liberal democracy itself. Instead of assuming that the democratic ideal that the EU promotes (‘liberal democracy’) has a clear, fixed meaning, the article examines in detail what actually constitutes the ‘ideal of democracy’ at the heart of EU democracy promotion, and compares this vision to that which informs the democracy promotion of the US. It argues that interesting differences, and shifts and oscillations, in the models of liberal democracy that the EU and the US promote exist and that these are important to note in order for us to fully appreciate how the substance of EU and US democracy support can be shaped by conceptual and ideological debate on the meaning of democracy. This dynamic is particularly relevant today, in the context of the recent attempts to develop transatlantic dialogue on democracy support. This dialogue, it is suggested, plasters over some subtle but important ideological cracks over what is meant by democracy in EU and US democracy support. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
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9. The Political Economy of Democracy Assistance in the Middle East: U.S. Aid for Democracy in Egypt and Morocco since 1990.
- Author
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Snider, Erin A.
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *POLITICAL doctrines , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL reform , *ECONOMIC reform - Abstract
The article focuses on a cross-national quantitative study commissioned by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) which aims to measure the effects of U.S. foreign assistance in promoting and developing democracy. It explores the U.S. democracy assistance programs in Egypt and Morocco, noted to be the two of the largest recipients of such funding in the region since 1990. Information about the political and economic reform in Egypt and Morocco is provided.
- Published
- 2010
10. Donor Dollars, Individual Behavior, and Democratic Development: A Democracy Assistance Theory.
- Author
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Jordan, Esther
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *DEMOCRACY , *CIVIL society , *OPPORTUNITY , *POLITICAL parties - Abstract
Democracy assistance to the developing world has increased exponentially in recent decades, yet it remains to be determined whether such assistance has caused democratic development in recipient states. This is because no one has developed a theory to explain how exactly democracy assistance is expected to yield positive democratic development. This paper does just that. It develops a theory to explain the relationship between democracy assistance and democratic development that is assumed to exist by democracy assistance providers. It then tests the theory with cases studies on the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The theory is based on Most and Starr's (1993) pre-theoretic framework of opportunity and willingness, and on the evaluation practices of the U.S. democracy assistance community. In brief, the theory asserts that democracy assistance seeks to directly improve individual, and subsequently, organizational capabilities (opportunity) within a recipient state and indirectly to increase the willingness of citizens of the recipient state to engage in activities that are expected to yield democratic development. As individuals become more capable and willing to pursue pro-democratic change in civil society, political parties, or elected office, they will engage in such behavior; further, such behavior will over time increase their opportunities to engage in more pro-democracy behavior by changing institutions, laws, and norms. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
11. Under What Conditions Does Democracy Assistance Work?
- Author
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Finkel, Steven and Perez-Linan, Anibal
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *HUMAN capital - Abstract
Under what conditions are efforts at democracy assistance likely to achieve their intended goals? Our dataset covers 165 countries between 1990 and 2004. We relied on an original database reporting over forty-thousand activities conducted by USAID worldwide to measure US Democracy and Governance programs. We employ a hierarchical growth model to predict each countryâs level of democracy as a function of a latent democratization trend, unique to each country, plus our battery of predictors and controls. Our findings indicate that democracy assistance increases national levels of democracy among recipient countries by a small but significant amount. The analysis of conditional coefficients indicates that the marginal effect of a million dollars invested in democracy is greater in poorer, socially divided countries, and in countries with lower levels of human capital. Democracy assistance also makes a stronger contribution under conditions of state failure. By contrast, democracy assistance is less effective in countries that receive a substantial percentage of US military assistance. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
12. Trump and Democracy Promotion.
- Author
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Saunders, Paul J.
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *UNITED States presidential election, 2016 , *NATIONAL security , *POLITICAL violence ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
The article focuses on U.S. president Donald Trump and mentions promotion of democracy. Topics discussed include Trump's presidential campaign in the presidential elections in the country in 2016, foreign policy of United States and communism. Other topics which includes security policy of U.S., United States' government and democracy building are also discussed. In addition, populism, national security and political violence are also discussed. Further, political activists and human rights are also mentioned.
- Published
- 2017
13. The Determinants of US Public Opinion Towards Democracy Promotion.
- Author
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Brancati, Dawn
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC opinion , *DEMOCRACY , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *IDEOLOGY , *COSMOPOLITANISM , *RESPONSIBILITY - Abstract
In this paper, I evaluate two competing perspectives regarding what underlies the public's support for democracy promotion-a democratic values-based perspective positing that the public's support for democracy promotion is based on a principled desire to spread American values, beliefs, and ideologies to other countries, and a national interests-based perspective claiming that it is based on a rational desire of Americans to advance the US' political and economic interests abroad. Using a survey experiment, I find that, in general, Americans are not driven by either democratic values or national interests to support democracy promotion even though they believe that democracy promotion is in the interests of both the recipient country and the United States. Only a subset of the population is motivated to support democracy promotion for the sake of democratic values. This subset of the population is driven by cosmopolitanism-that is, a sense of concern for the welfare of those living in other countries and a sense of moral responsibility to promote democracy abroad derived from the US' position as a world leader, not national pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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14. The Islamic State and American National Security.
- Author
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Weinberg, Leonard
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,HOSTAGES ,SYRIAN foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization - Abstract
The beheading of hostages and other acts of barbarism carried out by Islamic Republic militants do not constitute sufficient cause for direct American military involvement in the multi-sided armed conflicts underway in Iraq and Syria (2014). Conventional measures of American national interest do not warrant the expenditure of such blood and treasure as seem necessary to affect the outcomes of these conflicts. The idealistic goal of democracy promotion, a recurring theme in American foreign policy discourse, is unlikely to be achievable in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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15. Little Cold Warriors: Child Sponsorship and International Affairs.
- Author
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Fieldston, Sara
- Subjects
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FICTIVE kinship , *CHILDREN , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *CHARITIES , *HUMANITARIAN assistance , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *CHARITIES -- History ,UNITED States history, 1945- ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
During the two decades following World War II, American voluntary agencies including Christian Children's Fund, Foster Parents' Plan, and the Save the Children Federation ran child sponsorship programs that allowed American‘foster parents' to send funds and exchange letters with youngsters in war-torn and poverty-stricken countries around the world. These programs were at once humanitarian gestures and political projects. American sponsorship agencies sought to forge international friendships that would support the United States' political alliances and mold children into strong democratic citizens who would join the fight against communism. Enlisting familial ideals in the service of U.S. foreign policy, American child sponsorship agencies rendered love itself a powerful Cold War weapon. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. DEMOCRACY PROMOTION AND AMERICANS' SUPPORT FOR TROOP USE.
- Author
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Dukhong Kim
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *PUBLIC opinion , *SOCIOLOGY of international relations , *DEPLOYMENT (Military strategy) , *MILITARY policy ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
This paper examines the effect of citizens' belief in democracy promotion on their foreign policy opinion. While it has been debated whether idealism plays a significant role in accounting for citizens' opinion on foreign policy, few studies tackle the issue empirically. Two hypotheses are proposed and tested in this study in regards to the effect of an ideal, democracy promotion, on public opinion about troop deployments. It uses the surveys conducted by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in 1998, 2004, 2008, and 2012. The findings show that democracy promotion is one of the most important sources for citizens' support for U.S. troop deployment. Also, the effect of democracy promotion depends on political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The transnational protection regime and democratic breakthrough in Taiwan and South Korea.
- Author
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Ooi, Su-Mei
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *POLITICAL science research , *POLITICAL opposition , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *KOREANS , *TAIWANESE people , *HUMAN rights workers , *CHRISTIANS , *UNITED States legislators ,TAIWANESE politics & government, 1975- ,SOUTH Korean politics & government - Abstract
External state pressure is understood to have played a causally significant role in democratic breakthrough in Taiwan and South Korea during the 1980s. This article problematizes the international dimensions of democratization in Taiwan and South Korea by first providing a revisionist account of external agency which involved complex networks of transnational nonstate and substate actors. These included human rights activists, Christian churches and related ecumenical organizations, members of the Taiwanese and Korean diaspora communities in the US, academics and students, foreign journalists, and members of the US Congress. In forming a transnational “protection regime” during the 1970s and 1980s to protect the political opposition from repressive governments, they contributed to the development of effective democratic movements. The case studies provide us with a more comprehensive view of the international dimensions of democratization, speaking to both the country specific and general theoretical literatures on democratization at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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18. BUSH DOKTRİNİNDE DEMOKRASİYİ TEŞVİK POLİTİKASI: ORTA ASYA ÖRNEĞİ.
- Author
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SOMUNCUOĞLU, Anar
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *NATIONAL security , *BALANCE of power , *INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
During the George W. Bush presidency promotion of democracy in the world was presented as a pillar of American security strategy and the best method to struggle with terrorism. This study examines American democracy promotion policy in Central Asia after American military deployment in the region in 2001. While being involved in close security cooperation with Central Asian governments, the US has increased foreign and democratic aid and assistance to the region. The ultimate aim of democratic aid and assistance was to lay the ground for regime change. Thus, regime change in Kyrgyzstan during the "colored revolutions" wave was presented by the Bush administration as the success of democracy promotion policy. However, as a result of this policy American reputation and power in Central Asia has been shaken and the US lost its military base in Uzbekistan. This study argues that despite continuing with democracy rhetoric, the Bush administration has adjusted its policy toward Central Asia in accordance with regional balance of power. According to this study the case of Central Asia has demonstrated that democracy promotion policy cannot be applied as a security policy in the conditions of regional multipolarity. This study is based on American official documents and secondary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
19. The protective and developmental varieties of liberal democracy: a difference in kind or degree?
- Author
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Joshi, Devin K.
- Subjects
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DEMOCRACY , *ORGANIZATIONAL structure , *ORGANIZATIONAL governance , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization - Abstract
Liberal democratic governments may differ in both their kind and degree of democracy. However, the literature too often conflates this distinction, hindering our ability to understand what kinds of governing structures are more democratic. To clarify this issue, the article examines two prominent contemporary models of democracy: developmental liberal democracy (DLD) and protective liberal democracy (PLD). While the former takes a ‘thicker’ approach to governance than the latter, conventional wisdom holds that these systems differ only in kind rather than degree. The article tests this assumption through an empirical comparison of electoral, legislative, and information-regulating institutions in two representative cases: Sweden and the United States. The empirical findings lead us to the conclusion that developmental liberal democracies represent not only a different kind, but also a deeper degree of democracy than protective liberal democracies. The implications for democracy promotion appear substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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20. Working with China to Promote Democracy.
- Author
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He, Baogang
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *DEMOCRACY , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *NATIONAL security , *REGIME change ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
The article discusses diplomatic tensions resulting from U.S. democracy-promotion efforts in China, noting that distrust could be dispelled through greater cooperation. Topics include controversy regarding the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest in Beijing, China, Chinese allegations that the U.S. sought to foment regime change in China under former U.S. President George W. Bush, and U.S. complaints about human rights issues in China. It is said that China fears U.S. efforts as attacks on national sovereignty over areas such as Tibet, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, China, particularly through the U.S. government organization National Endowment for Democracy (NED).
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The democracy tradition in US foreign policy and the Obama presidency.
- Author
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BOUCHET, NICOLAS
- Subjects
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DEMOCRATIZATION , *POST-Cold War Period , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
This article proposes a three-level analysis of the democracy tradition in American foreign policy that identifies its ideational, strategic and policy dimensions and situates Barack Obama's presidency to date within it at each level. At the heart of this approach is the understanding that the motivations and practice of the United States' democracy promotion are shaped by its ideas about national identity, political order, national interest and international relations. This is the ideational source of the democracy tradition, which, as US power has grown, has led increasingly to decision-makers setting strategic goals that include democratization abroad as a facilitator of other US goals. Only slowly has this led to the development of specific policies to that end, though, and democracy promotion as a discrete policy field mostly developed from the 1980s onwards. Democracy promotion went through a 'boom' after the end of the Cold War as the United States enjoyed unparalleled power on the international stage. It is clear that Barack Obama and his administration belong firmly in the democracy tradition at the ideational, strategic and policy level, and they have given no cause to expect any major change in his second term as far as democracy promotion is concerned. It is in any case a mistake to think that changes in the democracy tradition come from particular leaders; rather, it is the changing international environment confronting US foreign policy that is more likely, in the longer term, to lead to a shift away from democracy promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Flexibility versus Inflexibility: discursive discrepancy in US democracy promotion and anti-corruption policies.
- Author
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Bridoux, Jeff and Gebel, Anja
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *CORRUPTION prevention , *DEMOCRACY , *TRANSPARENCY in government , *STATE power ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
This article analyses US discourses on democracy promotion and anti-corruption strategies. The analysis shows that there is a cosmetic agreement in these discourses on notions of the good society that identify democracy as a good thing and corruption as a bad thing. However, despite this agreement, there are differences in the discourses on the measures recommended to promote democracy and fight corruption that may lead to policies and processes pulling in opposite directions. This discrepancy arises, on the one hand, from a mode of operation of democracy promotion that is flexible and adaptable to various contexts and, on the other hand, from the uncompromising and inflexible language of anti-corruption policies that threatens to ‘undo’ what US democracy promotion's rhetoric aims to achieve: ownership and sustainability of democratic reforms through re-empowering the state. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Promoting ‘American’ democracy.
- Author
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Emerson, R. Guy
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *SELF-perception , *SOLIDARITY , *SELF-interest ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Dating from the Reagan presidency's ‘crusade for freedom’, democracy promotion has been a central pillar of US foreign policy. Whether claims by George H.W. Bush that ‘beyond containment lies democracy’, or by George W. Bush that intervention into the Middle East promoted a ‘march to freedom in the Muslim world’, the importance of democracy to US foreign policy should not be underestimated. Far from promoting democracy, however, critics suggest that it is merely rhetorical cover for intervention and control, thus serving US rather than local interests. While not discarding these insights, this paper suggests that while democracy promotion may support US self-interests, so too does it uphold a US self-image by acting as an ideal around which Washington constructs its identity and worldview. Explored in relation to Latin America, it is argued that US democracy promotion – enabled by authoritarian representations of Venezuela – is central to both a US-authored Latin American identity and, in contrast, integral to challenging it. While Venezuela acts as the reverse image of freedom-loving United States and a democratically abiding Latin America, Caracas also challenges US democratic pre-eminence by extending the very notion of democracy and thereby demonstrates how both democracy and US influence more broadly are increasingly sites of contestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. DEMOCRACY PROMOTION AND ABSTRACTED SOVEREIGNTY.
- Author
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Jadallah, Dina
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *AMERICAN exceptionalism , *INTERVENTION (International law) ,ARAB countries politics & government - Abstract
The essay discusses the ways in which U.S. democracy promotion in the Mideast and American exceptionalism function to sustain U.S. global capitalist hegemony. The author argues that the rhetoric of democracy promotion is used by the U.S. government to garner domestic support for intervention measures while maintaining the corrupt and authoritarian status quo in Arab countries.
- Published
- 2012
25. DOCTRINALLY ACCOUNTING FOR HOST NATION SOVEREIGNTY DURING U.S. COUNTERINSURGENCY SECURITY OPERATIONS.
- Author
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ATKINS, ANDREW R.
- Subjects
COUNTERINSURGENCY ,SOVEREIGNTY ,NATIONAL security ,MILITARY law ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,REGIME change - Abstract
The article discusses American national security strategy, host nation sovereignty, and U.S. counterinsurgency security operations as of June 2012. An assessment of U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) security priorities is provided, including information on America's preparations in terms of combat non-state threats, the promotion of democracy on a global scale, and resource-intensive counterinsurgency efforts which are designed to result in regime changes. The U.S. Army's Field Manual (FM) 3-24 on counterinsurgency is also mentioned.
- Published
- 2012
26. US Democracy Promotion and Popular Revolutions in the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities.
- Author
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Latif, Muhammad Ijaz and Abbas, Hussain
- Subjects
ARAB Spring Uprisings, 2010-2012 ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization - Abstract
The article discusses that the "Arab Spring" political awakening has seen a shift in the U.S. democracy promotion practices from imposition and "democratic exceptionalism," the adoption of Arab dictators due to strategic interests, to democratic support where leaders were ousted by people power in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Mentioned are the challenges of restoring the U.S. positive image, instituting democratic foundations, dealing with Islamic parties and mitigating the effects on Israel.
- Published
- 2011
27. Reconfiguring Canadian democracy promotion.
- Subjects
CANADIAN foreign relations ,DEMOCRACY ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,DEVELOPING countries -- Foreign relations ,NEOLIBERALISM ,POLITICAL stability ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article focuses on the Canadian policies towards promotion of democracy in international affairs. The U.S. approach to democracy promotion is examined, which includes assistance in developing countries in places such as Latin America for motives related to criticism of ideological opponents and support of neoliberal economic policies. The Canadian approach to democracy promotion is discussed including its development and objectives for world stability and political reasons in such places as Haiti. It is suggested that the Canadian approach is moving towards the U.S. approach in democracy promotion and should return to its human-rights based approach.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. INTERNAL VERSUS EXTERNAL REQUISITES OF DEMOCRACY.
- Author
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Imai, Kunihiko
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *GLOBALIZATION & society , *ETHNIC relations , *ECONOMIC development ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Even as many scholars are examining various alternative hypotheses on possible determinants of democracy and democratization in developing countries (LDCs), less attention has been given to the relative importance of internal versus external determinants of democracy. This article addresses this issue. More specifically, on one hand, it examines the relative importance of external variables such as the internationalization of national economies and influence from the United States, and, on the other, internal variables such as culture/civilization, religion, level of economic development, literacy rate, and ethnic fractionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
29. Sovereign Wealth Funds and Shareholder Democratization: A New Variable in the CFIUS Balancing Act.
- Author
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Everly III, George S.
- Subjects
- *
SOVEREIGN wealth funds , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *CAPITAL movements , *NATIONAL security , *FOREIGN investments , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
In this article, the author discusses the relevance of the sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) and shareholder democratization to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. (CFIUS) of the Treasury Department. The author is critical on the debate over the tradeoff between the positive economic benefits of capital inflows and the national security concerns accompanying foreign investments. On a relative aspect, he highlights the effort of the global economic organizations in addressing such issue.
- Published
- 2010
30. RUSSIA AND THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION: MOSCOW'S LONELY ROAD FROM BISHKEK TO DUSHANBE.
- Author
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Katz, Mark N.
- Subjects
RUSSIA-United States relations, 1991- ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization - Abstract
The author presents his views on former Russian President Vladimir Putin's Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), a foreign policy initiative. SCO is a regional international organization Putin co-founded in 2001 that partnered Russia with China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The author explains why the SCO challenged the U.S. and democracy.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Introduction.
- Author
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Humud, Carla E., Arieff, Alexis, Ploch Blanchard, Lauren, Blanchard, Christopher M., Sharp, Jeremy M., and Katzman, Kenneth
- Subjects
COUNTERTERRORISM ,THREATS of violence ,POLITICAL debates ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,TERRORISM financing ,MUJAHIDEEN - Abstract
The article presents an overview of the counterterrorism policies of the U.S. amid the emergence of Al Qaeda affiliates in the Middle East and Africa. Topics discussed include the origins and evolution of these affiliates, terrorism threat, and jihadist debates over its future. Also mentioned are the tools used by the U.S. Congress to address this problem and the debates over policies and legislation, such as development aid, democracy promotion, and terrorist financing.
- Published
- 2014
32. Conservative Internationalism.
- Author
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NAU, HENRY R.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONALISM , *CONSERVATISM , *LIBERALISM , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *MILITARY policy , *DIPLOMATIC negotiations in international disputes ,FOREIGN relations of the United States, 2009-2017 - Abstract
The article looks at U.S. foreign policy, as of 2013. The author cites an isolationist trend in U.S. public opinion and expresses support for the U.S. remaining engaged in international affairs. He discusses the liberal and conservative approaches to U.S. internationalism and offers suggestions for a definition of conservative internationalism, citing topics including democracy promotion and the relationship between military and diplomatic activities. The Iraq and Afghan wars are discussed.
- Published
- 2013
33. The U.S. Democracy Project.
- Author
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Smith, Jordan Michael
- Subjects
- *
NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *LIBYAN Conflict, 2011- , *TWENTY-first century , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *ECONOMICS , *POLITICAL participation ,RUSSIAN politics & government - Abstract
The article discusses the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) organization and its President Carl Gershman's goal of spreading democracy throughout the world. An overview of the U.S. nongovernmental organizations (NGOs') efforts to foster democracy throughout the world from the 1980s through 2013, including their financial role in deposing the Libyan ruler Muammar el-Qaddafi from power in 2012, is provided. Russia's policy toward U.S. NGOs, including the raiding of NGO offices, is discussed.
- Published
- 2013
34. Evangelists of Democracy.
- Author
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Rieff, David
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *COLD War & politics , *IDEOLOGY , *POLITICAL participation ,FOREIGN relations of the United States -- 1865- - Abstract
The article critiques the U.S.'s promotion of democracy since World War I, referring to those who promote it as evangelists of democracy. The author contends that promoters of democracy are revolutionary and ideological. An overview of the history of U.S. democracy promotion throughout the world, including during the Cold War, in U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's having the U.S. enter World War I, and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) funding for cultural projects, is provided.
- Published
- 2012
35. Assisting Democracy Abroad.
- Author
-
Wollack, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *FREEDOM of the press ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,ATLANTIC Charter (1941) - Abstract
The author discusses the debate over the place of democracy assistance in overall U.S. foreign policy. Highlights of democratization in U.S. foreign policy are examined, including the Atlantic Charter, the Marshall Plan and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The emergence of political reform and democratic governance in the 1980s is considered. Ways in which work on democratic promotion can be carried out by U.S. nongovernmental groups are explored, including supporting civil society, media freedom, and judicial reform.
- Published
- 2010
36. Minor League, Major Problems.
- Author
-
Kupchan, Charles A.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *INTERNATIONAL alliances , *DEMOCRACY , *DIPLOMACY ,FOREIGN relations of the United States, 2001-2009 - Abstract
In this article the author examines why establishing a league of democracies would not be a smart decision for the U.S. president that succeeds President George W. Bush. Establishing a league of democracies has few benefits and more significant consequences. The author predicts that the next president will have to devote much of his efforts to repairing the financial crisis and resolving conflicts in the Middle East. The author also argues for why the U.S. and its democratic allies should invest in more extensive partnerships with rising autocracies, such as China, Russia, and the Persian Gulf states.
- Published
- 2008
37. Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations.
- Author
-
Sharp, Jeremy M.
- Subjects
SUBVERSIVE activities ,TERRORISM ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
A report is presented which discusses an overview of the Egyptian politics and current issues in U.S.- Egyptian relations including the political institutions and prospects for democratization in Egypt. It notes that the U.S. policy focuses on maintaining regional stability, continuing military cooperation and improving bilateral relations with the country. It also mentions the issue of international terrorism between the two countries.
- Published
- 2007
38. Obama and Democracy Assistance: Challenges and Responses.
- Author
-
Lappin, Richard
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,SOCIAL democracy ,POLITICAL science ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,GOVERNMENT policy ,NATIONAL security ,TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood - Abstract
The article focuses on the challenges and responses of the U.S. President Barack Obama's democracy assistance. It notes that Obama inherited the challenges of continuity, credibility, and change from the former administration. It points out that his administration backs democracy assistance which serves as the primary foreign policy principle. The credibility re-establishment of the country's democracy assistance is considered as the main challenge encountered by his administration. It contends that the establishment of consensus is vital in preserving foreign policy.
- Published
- 2010
39. Democracy Promotion in Oman.
- Author
-
HOLLAND, DIANA M.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *DEMOCRACY -- Economic aspects , *NATIONAL security , *COMMERCIAL treaties - Abstract
The author reflects on the importance of promoting democracy in the Persian Gulf states especially Oman to ensure security, prosperity and human rights in the U.S. He states that the U.S. has spent billions on military assistance and foreign aid programs to ensure the stability of government in the Gulf countries. He states that both the countries have signed a Free Trade Agreement in 2006 to ensure economic development and the U.S. has developed several policies for Oman's security.
- Published
- 2013
40. Democracy Promotion, National Security and Strategy: Foreign Policy under the Reagan Administration.
- Author
-
Søndergaard, Rasmus Sinding
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *NATIONAL security , *NONFICTION - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. U.S. Agencies Take Steps to Coordinate International Programs but Lack Information on Some U.S.-funded Activities.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,CABINET officers - Abstract
The article presents the study by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) on democracy assistance funding offered by the Agency for International Development (AID), Department of State's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (State DLR) and National Endowment for Democracy (NED). GAO suggests that the Secretary of State and the AID Administrator should work with NED to enhance coordination of U.S.-funded democracy assistance. Details on how GAO performed the study are discussed.
- Published
- 2009
42. OBAMA'S BAD GAMBLE.
- Author
-
PETROU, MICHAEL
- Subjects
- *
DECISION making in international relations , *HUMAN rights advocacy , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,CUBA-United States relations ,IRAN-United States relations ,JOINT Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015) - Abstract
The article discusses U.S. President Barack Obama's foreign policy. Topics include the lifting of travel restrictions and the restoration of diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Cuba, President Obama's deal with Iran to curb its nuclear program in exchange for an easing of sanctions, and criticism regarding President Obama's failure to push for greater progress on human rights and democratization during his negotiations with both Cuba and Iran.
- Published
- 2015
43. The Value of the Visegrad Four.
- Author
-
Cotter, Michael
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,FOREIGN relations of the United States, 1989- - Abstract
The article reviews the article "The Value of the Visegrad Four," by Adrian A. Basora.
- Published
- 2011
44. Exporting the Rule of Law: How Legal Experts and Epistemic Communities Reshape the Rule of Law.
- Author
-
Piana, Daniela
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *RULE of law , *ATTORNEY & client , *JUDICIAL independence ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
US and EU have strongly supported the promotion of democracy all around the world. Still they rely upon the action of epistemic communities, international Think tanks and advocacy networks, which are involved in the definition of standard, diffusion of models and discussion of praxices concerned with the implementation of the principle of the rule. While the general framework used to drive the democratic promotion in developing countries seems to be homogenous, actually the strategies adopted by international actors to foster the rule of law principle in recipients countries come up to be different and differently shaped. The paper goes along this idea and try to assess the correlation between the kind of actors involved in legal transfer and in the legal counseling and the kind of rule of law they refer to. The judicial independence, the good governance, the human rights discourse are included in the focus of the analysis, since they are the target of the reforms advocated by experts. If such a different does actually exist, then it could be argued that a kind of multiple-faced constitutionalism emerges and a multiple set of alternative institutionals tools are experimented to respect the rule of law. A final conclusion - quite critical - is put forword about the responsiveness of the rule of law principle which seems to us much more responsive to the experts and to the legal advisors than to the citizens and the individuals which are affected by it in practice. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
45. To MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY.
- Author
-
Lukacs, John
- Subjects
- *
ISOLATIONISM , *INTERNATIONAL relations policy , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *HISTORY ,UNITED States involvement in World War I - Abstract
The article discusses the U.S. entry into World War I in 1917 and the effect it had on America's role in safeguarding democracy around the world. Prior to 1917 U.S. soldiers had never traveled from west to east to determine the outcome of a European war. The period after World War I was historically significant in that it brought about the end of the U.S. policy of isolationism in foreign and military affairs.
- Published
- 2010
46. U.S. "Democracy Promotion" May Sour President Obama's Welcome at Summit of the Americas.
- Author
-
Walker, Michael
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on democratization ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
The article discusses the effects of U.S. democracy promotions to U.S. President Barack Obama during his Latin America visit for Organization of American States' 6th Summit of the Americas. The article reported that U.S. relations with Venezuela have scarcely improved since George W. Bush administration that was aggravated with the removal of Livia Acosta Noguera, Venezuela consul-general in Miami. It is reported that full diplomatic U.S.-Bolivia relations was only restored on November 2011.
- Published
- 2012
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