Search

Research has shown that time perspective changes across the lifespan and recent studies have reported significant and meaningful associations between time perspective scores and scores on a range of mental, and physical health outcomes. In the present study, we examined the relationship between Time Attitudes (the affective dimension of time perspective) and mental well-being, as well as psychological and somatic symptoms in late adolescents, in a range of adjusted and unadjusted analyses. Participants were final year High school students (N = 3479 [40.9% Male]) in Northern Ireland. In line with a developing literature, time attitudes were operationalized through person-centred analyses: Cluster analysis yielded profiles, or time attitude categories, based on a six-factor index of attitudes toward the past, the present, and the future. Results supported those previously reported for younger adolescents, showing that higher mental-wellbeing, and both lower psychological and somatic symptomatology, were associated with membership of a Positive time attitudes profile. Further, these well-being constructs were positively associated with being male and reporting higher emotional self-efficacy. These results reported herein are in keeping with explanatory role of time attitudes in health and well-being outcomes among younger, and now older adolescents. We suggest that the next step in the investigation of time attitudes is to examine the extent (if at all) to which intervening with adolescents can nudge them towards a more positive appraisal of past, present, and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An increasing part of prescribing of medicines is done for the purpose of managing risk for disease and is motivated by clinical and economic benefit on a long‐term, population level. This makes benefit from medicines less tangible for individuals. Sociology of pharmaceuticals includes personal and social perspectives in the study of how medicines are used. We use two characterizations of patients' expectations of medicines to start forming a description of how individuals conceptualize benefits from risk management medicines. Search strategy and synthesis: We reviewed the literature on patients' expectations with a focus on the influences on expectations regarding medicines prescribed for long‐term conditions. Searches in Medline and Scopus identified 20 studies for inclusion, describing qualitative aspects of beliefs, views, thoughts and expectations regarding medicines. Results: A qualitative synthesis using a constant comparative thematic analysis identified four themes describing influences on expectations: a need to achieve a specific outcome; the development of experiences and evaluation over time; negative values such as dependency and social stigma; and personalized meaning of the necessity and usefulness of medicines. Conclusions: The findings in this synthesis resonate with previous research into expectations of medicines for prevention and treatment of different conditions. However, a gap in the knowledge regarding patients' conceptualization of future benefits with medicines is identified. The study highlights suggestions for further empirical work to develop a deeper understanding of the role of patients' expectations in prescribing for long‐term risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]