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Background: Intensive care units (ICUs) are environments where nurses are open to emotional interactions because of complex structures and dynamic relationships. Nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion and their spiritual care competence may affect the quality of care by influencing their ability to manage and respond to the emotional dynamics present in these environments. Aim: This study aimed to determine the level of emotional contagion and spiritual care competence in intensive care nurses. Study Design: This study is a descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted with 199 nurses working in the ICUs of a training and research hospital in Turkey. The data were collected between December 2021 and June 2022 using the Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS) and the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS). Results: The mean score of the nurses was 50.29 ± 15.36 on the ECS and 90.29 ± 29.53 on the SCCS. A statistically significant difference was found between the ECS and SCCS and gender, marital status, weekly working hours and some approaches about spiritual care (p <.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the total scales and sub‐dimensions of the ECS and SCCS (p <.05). In this study, it was found that intensive care nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion was high, and that their spiritual care competence was at a moderate level. The results show that gender, marital status, weekly working hours, type of ICU and some approaches about spiritual care are crucial factors in nurses' emotional contagion and spiritual care competence. In addition, as the intensive care nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion increased, their spiritual care competence also increased. Conclusions: The results of this study will guide the planning of interventions to protect intensive care nurses from the negative effects of emotional contagion and increase their spiritual care competence. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is necessary to protect intensive care nurses from the negative effects of emotional contagion and to increase their competences in spiritual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses carry out spiritual care based on ethical principles, and they must have spiritual sensitivity to meet spiritual care needs. Seen from this angle, it is important to determine nurse's spiritual sensitivity in order to meet patient's spiritual care needs, to increase patient-nurse communication and to adopt a holistic approach to care. For this reason, the aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish Nurse's Spiritual Sensitivity Scale. In the present study, a sample size of 207 nurses was reached in the data collection stage. The Turkish Nurse's Spiritual Sensitivity Scale (NSSS) is a Likert-type scale consisting of 20 items and a single factor. There are no reverse-scored statements on the scale. A score of zero shows no spiritual sensitivity, and four shows higher spiritual sensitivity. The minimum score on the scale is zero, and the maximum score is 80. It was seen in this study that the Nurse's Spiritual Sensitivity Scale is a valid and reliable measurement instrument for a Turkish sample. This scale can be used by professionals to determine the spiritual sensitivity of Turkish nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the spiritual care needs and spiritual well-being levels of lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 patients in the outpatient CT unit of a university hospital. Data were collected using a personal information form, the "Three-Factor Spiritual Well-Being Scale" and the "Spiritual Care Needs Scale." The average age of participants was 62.6 ± 8.0 years. Patients with a university or above education level, civil servants, self-employed individuals, those receiving only CT, and those with less than 5 CT cycles had significantly higher spiritual well-being scores (p < 0.05). Spiritual care needs scale scores were significantly higher for married individuals and those receiving only CT (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both spiritual well-being levels and spiritual care needs were observed to be high among lung cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to explore the perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care among nurses who work in three different countries with different cultures as well as the factors influencing their perception. This is a cross-sectional multicultural study conducted with a total of 1090 nurses from Türkiye, Albania, and Italy. Data were collected through the "Individual Information Form" and the "Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale". Nurses' mean score on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale was above average. It was also found that country, marital status, religious belief, Islamic religion, training for spiritual care, and using spiritual practices to cope with difficulties or illnesses influenced nurses' perception of spirituality and spiritual care. It was concluded that nurses from the three countries associated spirituality and spiritual care with religion and that some personal characteristics influenced their perceptions of spiritual care. The results highlight the need for training in spiritual care to improve nurses' perceptions and practices of spiritual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between the sense of professional belonging and perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care among midwifery students. This cross-sectional study's sample included 194 third- and fourth-year midwifery students associated with the Faculty of Health Sciences at two universities in western Turkey. Data were collected using web-based surveys. The results indicate a positive relationship between total scores on the Midwifery Belonging Scale and scores on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale. As the students' spirituality and spiritual care perceptions increased, their feelings of professional belonging as midwives also increased. Therefore, including the concepts of spirituality and belonging in the midwifery curriculum can increase students' spiritual perceptions and sense of professional belonging, thereby enhancing the quality of the care they ultimately provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present descriptive study, we aimed to examine the relationship between the levels of religious attitude, compassion and spiritual care perception among nursing students. Data were obtained from 135 nursing students using the Socio-Demographic Diagnosis Form, the Ok-Religious Attitude Scale, the Compassion Scale, and the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis H test, the Spearman correlation test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. A positive correlation was found between the scores of the Ok-religious attitude scale and cognition sub-dimension, emotion sub-dimension, behavior sub-dimension, god sub-dimension and compassion scale and spiritual care-giving scale scores. Furthermore, we observed that some socio-demographic, and nursing profession and spiritual care characteristics of the students affected their religious attitudes, compassion and spiritual care perception. The sub-dimension scores of compassion and awareness of sharing among female students and the mindfulness scores of students with nuclear families were high. Our data suggest that the course contents for spiritual care, which is an integral part of holistic nursing care, should be included in the nursing curriculum. Moreover, we recommend that efforts be made to maintain a high level of compassion while considering the socio-demographics of the students and their opinions on the nursing profession. Finally, the data presented here has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for the development of novel approaches to the provision of spiritual care within nursing education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed methods research study aimed to determine spiritual care competencies and death anxiety levels of nursing students practicing in intensive care. The quantitative part of this study included 33 students while the qualitative part included 17 students. Nursing students' spiritual care competence was detected to be above medium and their death anxiety was high. Two themes emerged from the qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with 17 nursing students: (a) Views on spiritual care competencies and (b) Views on death. These findings are significant to reduce nursing students' death anxiety, increase spiritual care competencies and the quality of patients' end-of-life care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the perceptions and experiences of elderly individuals with Parkinson's disease and formal caregivers regarding spiritual care. A qualitative study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological design. Fifteen formal caregivers and eight elderly individuals with Parkinson's disease from two nursing homes in Türkiye participated in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face individual interviews, and thematic analysis was employed to examine the data. Two themes were obtained from the data analysis: (I) spiritual care in nursing homes and (II) living with Parkinson's disease in nursing homes. Findings showed that living in a nursing home with Parkinson's disease affects the spiritual dimensions of elderly individuals and increases their spiritual needs. Additionally, it was found that although formal caregivers implemented a diverse range of practices to address the spiritual care needs of individuals residing in a nursing home, they did not offer any specific spiritual care practices for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Based on our findings, it is considered necessary to have spiritual counselors and formal caregivers with expertise in Parkinson's disease in nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the spiritual care support perception and spiritual care competence of nursing students, and the effect of a spiritual care course on their perceptions and competence in this regard. The study was conducted within the Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing located in the south of Turkey. Data were collected through the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Spiritual Support Perception Scale, and Spiritual Care Competence Scale. The results of this study show that; there was a significant difference between the total spiritual care competence scale score averages of the control group students and the experimental group students. There was a significant difference between the total spiritual support perception scale score averages of the control group students and the experimental group students. Based on this study, it is recommended to further extend this study by adding spiritual care course content to the curriculum for junior and senior students to reveal the differences between the years, and to evaluate the knowledge of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive study aimed at determining the spiritual care competencies and the frequency of spiritual care practices of nurses. A total of 119 nurses working in the palliative care unit, oncology services, and intensive care units of a state hospital in Turkey participated in the study. The data were collected by the Participant Information Form, Spiritual Care Competence Scale, and Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale. Spiritual care competencies of the nurses were found to be high; the frequency of spiritual care practices was determined as moderate. We found a positive correlation between the spiritual care competencies and the frequency of spiritual care practices of nurses. There was a significant difference between nurses' received spiritual care training status and their scale scores. In addition, nurses who believed that spiritual care was an important part of nursing care, and an important need of patients, had higher scale scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an outgrowth of globalization, religious globalization has significantly transformed the religious landscape worldwide. Contemporary societies exhibit religious pluralism, posing challenges for services such as spiritual or pastoral care. This study aimed to investigate how pastoral/spiritual caregivers of divergent cultural and religious backgrounds navigate religious diversity and how their religious location influences their inter-religious relations. Data were gathered through a standardized open-ended interview protocol. The study sample consisted of German Christian pastoral caregivers and Turkish Muslim spiritual caregivers from Germany and Turkey, respectively (N = 67). Overall, the entire sample expressed a generally positive attitude towards providing spiritual/pastoral care (S/PC) to individuals of other religious affiliations. German participants emphasized a human-centered approach towards individuals from diverse religious and cultural backgrounds, whereas Turkish participants placed greater emphasis on the qualifications of the caregiver. Turkish participants exhibited less exposure to other cultures/religions compared to their German counterparts, yet both subsamples responded positively to requests for care from individuals of different faiths. Both subsamples adhered to standard procedures during S/PC visits. German participants were more inclined to incorporate elements from other religions/cultures into their S/PC work compared to Turkish participants. The majority of participants regarded their respective institutions (Church/Diyanet) as responsible for addressing the spiritual needs of others. However, the German subsample displayed greater reluctance towards the employment of pastoral caregivers from different religious backgrounds by their institution, as opposed to the Turkish subsample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine and compare the spiritual care needs of cancer patients and their caregivers. A comparative descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed in this study. The study comprised 102 patients who were registered in the hospital's home care unit, as well as their caregivers (total number = 204). The data were collected using a personal information form and the Spiritual Care Needs Inventory. The cancer patients had a mean age of 69.5 years, while their caregivers' mean age was 53.1 years. According to the results, the cancer patients needed more spiritual care than their caregivers (p < 0.01). Patients' spiritual care needs differed significantly by employment status (p < 0.05). However, gender, educational level, and marital status did not have a significant difference in the spiritual care needs of the patients and their caregivers (p > 0.05). Moderately positive and significant (p < 0.05) correlations between patients and their caregivers were found for the total Spiritual Care Needs Inventory scores (r = 0.449), the meaning and hope subscale (r = 0.378), and the caring and respect subscale (r = 0.546). It is important to evaluate the spiritual needs of patients with cancer and their caregivers. In this evaluation, it is essential to elicit the perspectives of cancer patients and their caregivers concerning spiritual needs and religion. Effective spiritual care for patients and their caregivers can only be provided if their beliefs and priorities are taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at determining the spiritual care needs of women with breast cancer and their family caregivers, as well as the effect of spirituality on coping with this illness. This qualitative research utilized a phenomenological design. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with breast cancer women and family caregivers. A total of 26 participants (13 women with breast cancer and 13 family caregivers) were involved. The data were examined using inductive thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: "Being diagnosed with breast cancer; its emotional and life-related impacts;" "Spirituality in fighting with cancer;" and "Caring period and needs". The results showed that the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have multifaceted effects on women and their family caregivers. Spirituality was found to be an essential factor in coping with cancer for women with cancer and their family caregivers. In addition, the results showed that women and family caregivers have some unmet spiritual care needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This methodological study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of the Spiritual Care Needs Scale in the 9–18 age group within the Turkish context. Expert opinions were considered in the analysis of the study, which was completed with the participation of 840 children. The content validity index and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were examined, along with the results of the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses. The scale had 21 items under two subdimensions: "meaning and hope" and "caring and respect." According to the EFA, the scale explained 57.5% of the total variance. The meaning and hope subdimension explained 53.3% of the total variance, whereas the care and respect subdimension explained 4.16%. The total Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was 0.96, and the fit indexes were as follows: X2 = 513.807, df = 184, X2/df = 2.792, RMSEA = 0.065, GFI = 0.89, IFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94, AGFI = 0.87, and GFI = 0.89. Therefore, the Spiritual Care Needs Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the 9–18 age group in the Turkish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies conducted on spirituality show that nurses are aware of patients' spiritual needs. However, they have difficulty providing spiritual care because they receive limited education in this area. Quality of care can be increased with the determination of nursing students' perspectives regarding spirituality and spiritual care and with the introduction of appropriate interventions. The study was conducted to determine students' perspectives on spirituality and spiritual care. This is a descriptive study. The study population included 430 students studying in the nursing department of a faculty of the health sciences. The study sample included 265 students. Data were collected using the 'Structured Information Form,' which the researcher prepared based on the literature, and the 'Spiritual Care-Giving Scale.' The relationships between two independent variables were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test and between multiple independent variables were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Students stated that the biggest obstacle in evaluating spirituality and spiritual care practices was being unable to identify spiritual problems as readily as physical problems (68.7%). The spiritual care practices most frequently utilized by the students were listening to patients, devoting special time to patients, having a conversation with patients. Education regarding spirituality and conversations with patients regarding spirituality positively affected the perspective of spirituality and spiritual care. Students who could not identify spiritual problems had difficulty defining the spiritual care subscale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirituality is an integral part of holistic care, but studies have revealed that the spiritual dimension of care is largely neglected in healthcare settings. This study evaluated midwives' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. The study is a cross-sectional design and was conducted from April 1 to June 30, 2018 in Aydın, Turkey. The research sample of the study contacted 101 midwives. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale were used to collect data. It was found that the midwives' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care were affected by age, having children, family type, and working unit (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spirituality and Spiritual Care Perceptions of university students studying in health-related departments during the pandemic have been relatively studied. The spirituality of first and emergency aid technicians, who are indispensable for first responders in the community, can affect the quality of healthcare. However, there are no studies specifically investigating the spiritual care of this health group. Objective: A cross-sectional and descriptive study to evaluate the spirituality and spiritual care perceptions of university students studying in the first and emergency aid program during the pandemic was conducted. Methods: All data were obtained from 102 volunteer students during their extracurricular hours using the socio-demographic characteristics form, a questionnaire about spirituality and spiritual care, and the Spirituality Rating Scale which were prepared by the researchers in light of the literature information. Results: We found that 48.0% of the students did not know the concept of spirituality. The total score of the students on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale is 43.13±10.16. The scores of students who think that spirituality is the same concept as religion are higher. In addition, we determined that students who think that first and emergency technicians should provide spiritual care have higher perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. students who wanted to include spirituality in their course contents had higher perceptions of spiritual care. Conclusions: Our data reveal that the student's perception of spirituality and spiritual care was low. Furthermore, first and emergency aid program students have a key role in spiritual care since they are generally the first responders in public health. We suggest that education for spirituality and spiritual care needs to be integrated into training programs to ensure professional skills and competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on Hospital Spiritual Counseling and Guidance (SCG) services in Germany and Turkey. The primary objective is to uncover the different methods of Muslim spiritual care used in patient interactions in hospitals in both countries through semi-structured interviews. The sample of hospital spiritual caregivers comprises individuals from various regions of Turkey, while the German sample mostly includes participants who graduated from the Mannheimer Institute. Ultimately, a total of 30 Muslim hospital spiritual caregivers, with 15 from Turkey and 15 from Germany, were interviewed using telephone and internet applications like Zoom. Thematic analysis was employed to comparatively examine the narratives of the participants. This research aims to uncover whether methodological differences can be expected between patients interacting with Hospital SCG providers in Turkey and those consulting with Hospital SCG providers in Germany. Based on the comparative findings, it is expected that Muslim Hospital SCG providers in both Germany and Turkey would employ similar approaches, with a specific emphasis on utilizing active listening during interactions with their clients. This study underscores the significance of active listening as a critical element in patient interactions, regardless of the geographical context. Consequently, Turkey and Germany share common aspects in the implementation of Muslim hospital SCG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To determine the relationship between the individualized care perceptions and spiritual care perceptions of nurses. Design and Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 263 nurses. Data were collected using a Structured Questionnaire Form, the Individualized Care Scale‐A‐Nurse Version and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale. Findings: There was a positive and significant relationship between the individualized care perceptions and spiritual care perceptions of the nurses. Practice Implications: The results of this study revealed the reflections of the philosophy of nursing on the field of practice, with findings on the individualized care perceptions and spiritual care perceptions of nurses and the relationship between these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the spiritual orientation and psychological well-being levels of inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 and the factors affecting the psychological well-being of patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 136 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the COVID-19 clinics of a state hospital between May and July 2021 and volunteered to participate in the study. To collect the study data, the Personal Information Form, Spiritual Orientation Scale (SOS) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) were used. There was a positive correlation between the mean scores obtained from the overall SOS and PWBS (r =.335, p <.001). Of the participants, those who were women, who were over 65-year-old patients, who were hospitalized for 8–14 days and who had chronic diseases had lower levels of psychological well-being. The inpatients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 had high levels of spirituality and psychological well-being. It was found that there is a relationship between the spiritual orientation and psychological well-being of inpatients hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19. The fact that nurses take spirituality into account while providing care to patients diagnosed with COVID-19 may be effective in protecting their patients' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the relationship between spiritual care and patient advocacy across three generations of nurses working in intensive care units., Design: Cross-sectional survey., Methods: Data collection took place from July to August 2022 with 120 nurses in Turkey. Data collection tools included the Spiritual Caregiving Competency Scale, the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Assessment Scale, and the Patient Advocacy Scale for Nurses. Data on nurses' demographics were evaluated using descriptive statistical methods (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation). Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between variables, with results reported as 95% confidence intervals (CI)., Results: More than half of the nurses were from Generation Y (39.2 %) and Generation Z (42.5 %). Generation Z's mean patient advocacy score (156.96 ± 23.16) was statistically significantly higher than Generation X's (139.32 ± 34.26). We determined that the spiritual competence scale communication sub-dimension score of Generation Y nurses working between 1-10 years was higher than that of Generation Z nurses. Additionally, as the patient advocacy scores of all generations increased, so did spiritual competence scores., Conclusion: The study found differences in patient advocacy and spiritual care competencies between generations. Thus, we recommend organizing courses, seminars, and in-service training on patient advocacy and spiritual care for intensive care nurses., Implications for Clinical Practice: This study estimates nurses' spiritual care competencies and patient advocacy levels from different generations and sheds light on the literature to eliminate differences in care between generations in nursing practices that evolve and change over time. It is recommended that courses, seminars, in-service training, spiritual activities, and interactive meetings be organized to encourage the participation of intensive care nurses to minimize the differences in spiritual care and patient advocacy among all generations of intensive care nurses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between nurses' perceptions and their competences in spiritual care and influencing factors. Design and Methods: This correlational study was conducted with 700 nurses. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) was used to determine nurses' spirituality perceptions. The Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS) was used to evaluate the nurses' spiritual care competence. Findings: The study results show a significant relationship between the mean item scores of the SSCRS and the SCCS (r = 0.264, p < 0.01). Practice Implications: The nurses' perceptions were high, but their competency in spiritual care was at a medium level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the association between nurse spirituality and frequency of spiritual care among 560 nurses working at Dicle University Hospital in Turkey. The Spirituality Scale and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale were administered. Results indicated that scores on the Spirituality Scale were positively correlated with frequency of provision of spiritual care (Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale). It was found that the spirituality levels of the nurses had a positive effect (R2 = 0.245, B = 0.391, p < 0.0001) on the frequency of providing spiritual curative care. It was determined that the frequency of providing spiritual care of nurses with high spirituality level increased. No significant associations were found between Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale means of point and gender, marital status, education level, unit work, or duration of professional experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of spiritual care on the anxiety and depression levels of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. The research was carried out between January and May 2019 in a training and research hospital hemodialysis unit in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The research was completed with a total of 71 patients (33 experiments, 38 controls) who received hemodialysis treatment. Regarding in-group comparison, the difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test of the patients concerning the anxiety and depression in the experimental group was found to be statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05). It was determined that training for strengthening spirituality was effective in reducing the anxiety and depression levels of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. It can be suggested that spiritual care should be used as a complementary method in health care practices to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the compassion level of nurses on the frequency of their provision of spiritual care therapeutics to patients. The research was conducted as a correlational descriptive study and included 253 nurses working in a university hospital in Turkey between October and December 2020. The data were collected via an online survey using psychometrically valid scales to assess the nurses' compassion and provision of spiritual care therapeutics. The nurses had a high compassion level and a medium level of spiritual care therapeutics. Compassion level explained 31% of the frequency of spiritual care therapeutics. As nurses' compassion levels increased, the frequency of their provision of spiritual care therapeutics to patients also increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being of patients with the spiritual care levels of nurses. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2019. The sample was composed of 63 nurses from one university hospital and 142 patients receiving care at the department of internal medicine of the hospital. For data collection, the information form and "Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale" were applied to the nurses, personel information form and "FACIT Spiritual Well-Being Scale" were used for the patients. For data analysis, the descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. The mean age of the nurses was 37.44 ± 6.95 years, and 88.9% were female. The mean age of the patients was 55.04 ± 15.86 years, and 57.7% were female. 89.4% of the patients stated that nurses provided spiritual care. A positive correlation was found between item scores on two scales (r = 0.264, p < 0.001). As the level of spirituality and spiritual care of nurses increases, the level of spiritual well-being of patients increases as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nursing care is a holistic practice that contains biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual elements. Spiritual care is also one of the core aspects of a holistic care approach, The provision of optimal spiritual care requires a good understanding of the issue by nurses. The present study determines the competencies of nursing students in spiritual care and the status of spiritual caregiving. Design and Methods: The study has a descriptive, cross‐sectional, and qualitative research method of answers to follow‐up questions. The study was conducted with 468 nursing students who are 1–4 years in a BSN program in Turkey. Personal information form, semi‐structured interview form, Spiritual Caregiving Scale, and Spiritual Care Competence Scale were used for the collection of data. Findings: The average scores recorded by the participants in the Spiritual Caregiving and Spiritual Care Competence Scales were 145.60 ± 20.63 (the perception of spirituality and spiritual care is moderate‐high) and 102.92 ± 15.67 (the competence of the nurse in spiritual care is moderate‐high), respectively. It was found that nearly half of the respondent students had never heard of the concept of spiritual care, nor did they have any knowledge of such care, and almost none had undergone training in this subject. Practice Implications: Important to add spiritual care to the nursing curriculum as a separate course or subject, and to raise awareness of students through applied teaching methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship of nurses' perception of spirituality and spiritual care to the dimensions of professional quality of life, namely, nurses' compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction, and identify the influencing factors, respectively. Design and methods: The population consisted of 316 nurses (response rate: 91.32%) working in various clinics of a Training and Research Hospital (gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, internal medicine and emergency service) between December 2018 and May 2019. Data was collected through the Socio‐Demographic Form, The Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), and Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). Findings: A meaningful relationship between SSCRS and ProQOL's "burnout" and "compassion fatigue" subscales was granted (p < 0.001). In particular, the comparison of ProQOL subscales to SSCRS's "spirituality/spiritual care" and "religiosity" subscales revealed a negative and strong relationship (p < 0.01) while SSCRS's "personalized care" subscale yielded a very strong positive relationship (p < 0.001). The nurses' professional quality of life was affected by variables such as "monthly number of shifts," "manner of work," and "average weekly working hours." It was determined that burnout was experienced at a higher level, whereas compassion fatigue at a moderate level. In terms of spirituality and spiritual care, the subscale mean scores for "spirituality/spiritual care," "personalized care," and "religiosity" were low. Practice implications: In light of the research findings, the charge nurses and nursing managers should oversee variables such as monthly income, monthly number of shifts, average weekly working hours at all times in the context of spiritual care and professional quality of life. Institution managers need to be competent in the prioritization of employee requests, planning the number of employees taking into account the ratio of nurse/patient/clinic capacity. Institution managers should familiarize themselves with notions such as compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction and spiritual care to plan and sustain the activities of the institution while overwatching the needs of her/his employees along the way. Nurses could also benefit from counseling services and in‐service training programs contemplating sociodemographic and profession related variables that affect spiritual care and professional quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study was conducted to determine the spiritual care needs and death anxiety levels of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. The population consisted of patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey. The mean total Spiritual Care Requirements Scale score of the participants was 67.05 ± 26.30. The mean VAS for Death Anxiety score of the participants was 8.82 ± 1.26. In our study, it was found that the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 had an increased need for spiritual care and high levels of anxiety about death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of therapeutic touch (TT) on spiritual care and sleep quality in patients receiving palliative care. Design and Methods: The research was conducted on 73 inpatients receiving palliative care in a training and research hospital. Data were collected with Socio‐Demographic Status Questionnaire, Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Findings: As a result of this study, a statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and control group SSCRS (Z = −7.356 p = 0.000) and PSQI (Z = −7.292 p = 0.000) in post‐test data after 4 weeks of TT application. Practice Implications: The results revealed that TT application has a positive impact on spiritual care and sleep quality of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the status of spiritual caregiving education in nursing students belonging to two different state universities in Turkey. Design and Methods: The descriptive, cross‐sectional study was completed with 326 students. Findings: Turkey's western regions in mean scale scores of students (147.27 ± 19.40) in central Anatolia (140.83 ± 18.82) was higher than the students and the difference was statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was found between the total score averages of the Spiritual Caregiving Scale and their year of study, self‐perception of spirituality, and relating their profession to spirituality (p < 0.05). Practice Implications: It is recommended to include spiritual care issues and principles in the nursing education curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the relationship between nursing students' perception of spiritual care and their attitudes towards death. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey between March and April 2021 with 601 nursing students using the Google Forms questionnaire. The "Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS)" and "Attitude towards Death Scale (ATDS)" were utilised to assist with data collection and analysis. While there was no relationship between the students' total SSCRS and total ATDS scores, there was a positive relationship between the total SSCRS and the Neutral Acceptance–Approach Acceptance Subscale (r = 0.129, p = 0.002), and a negative relationship between SSCRS and the Fear of Death and Avoidance of Death Subscale (r = − 0.097, p = 0.017). Providing support in terms of spiritual care and viewing spiritual care as related to nursing were related to the total SSCRS score. Alcohol use, viewing spiritual care as related to nursing, self-perceptions of spirituality, and fear of death were associated with the total ATDS score (p < 0.05). It is recommended that spiritual care and death perceptions be addressed more comprehensively in the educational curriculum of nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE Spiritual care is one of the main domains of cancer patients' care to improve their quality of life. Nurses should assess the patient' and caregivers' spiritual needs comprehensively. We aimed to determine the spiritual care competence of oncology nurses and their perspectives on spiritual care services. METHODS A total of 123 oncology nurses who work in the hospitals with spiritual care services in Turkey were enrolled in this study. The data were collected using the "Information Form" and "Spiritual Care Competence Scale." RESULTS About 30.1% of the nurses stated that they care about the spiritual care needs of their patients/caregivers and 29.3% of the nurses gave information to patients and caregivers about spiritual care services and refer them to these centers. About 31.7% of nurses did not know about the role of spiritual care specialists. It was found that there is a significant and positive correlation between the age and working year of nurses and the mean scores of the "Spiritual Care Competence Scale" and subscale (p<0.05). The total and sub- scales mean scores of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale were statistically significantly different by the education level of nurses and the status of reporting the effectiveness of spiritual care services (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study show that oncology nurses' spiritual care practices are insufficient. The education level, age, and working year of the oncology nurses affect their spiritual care competencies. It is thought that oncology nurses needed to be more competent in spiritual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Spirituality contributes to the health and well‐being of individuals. This study investigates the factors that predict the spirituality perceptions and the effect of death anxiety of nurses. Design and Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study, 382 nurses working in four public hospitals intensive care and emergency departments setting in two different cities in Turkey. Findings: Variables predicting the total and subscale scores of the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale of nurses were determined by linear multiple regression analysis. Except for the religiousness subscale, the satisfaction level of nurses was found to be a significant predictor in total of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Scale. Practice Implications: Nurses working in high‐risk units are unclear about their perception of spirituality and spiritual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the "Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale" in Turkish nurses.Method: This study was a psychometric design. A convenience sample of 249 nurses working at the Malatya Training Research Hospital completed a structured questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS) between August and October 2018. Principal components analysis, internal consistency reliability, and Cronbach's α were used to measure the psychometric properties of the items of the scale.Results: In the evaluation of construct validity, identified one factor with eigenvalues greater than 1 explained 50.83% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α value of the scale is 0.86.Significance Of Results: The present study provides evidence of NSCTS's validity, reliability, and acceptability. The scale can be used by Turkish nurses. This scale should be further evaluated with a larger sample in different regions in Turkey and various populations. The scale has potential applications for use both in research and as a screening tool in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has been conducted to compare newly graduated nurses' and doctors' opinions about spiritual care and their emotional intelligence levels. Descriptive study's sample consisted of 50 nurses and 50 doctors who graduated from a university's medical faculty and health faculty recently. Data were collected by Personal Information Form, Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale, and Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. Emotional intelligence (t = 3.42, p = 0.001) and spirituality and spiritual care detection levels (t = 3.63, p = 0.000) of nurses were found to be higher than those of doctors, and the difference between them was statistically significant. 84% of nurses and 50% of doctors stated that the spiritual care is necessary. While most of the nurses reported that they got training on spiritual care, only 32% of doctors said they did get. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The methodological study was aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS-T). The research was conducted on final-year Turkish nursing students (n = 297) in the faculties of nursing and health science in two cities in the western part of Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that three factors accounted for 75.18% of the explained variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the SCCS-T was.97. The three-factor model of the SCCS-T was found to be a reliable and valid scale for evaluating spiritual care competencies of Turkish nursing students and nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to describe nursing students' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and their spiritual care competencies and to investigate the relationship between these variables. The sample of this descriptive and correlational study consisted of 325 nursing students. The questionnaires used in the study were the Student Nurse Information Form, the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale, and the Spiritual Care Competency Scale. The mean scores of the Turkish versions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale and Spiritual Care Competency Scale were 3.90 ± 0.45 and 3.69 ± 0.68. Importance to giving spiritual care to the patients in nursing care, willingness to receive training in spiritual care, and listening to patients to meet their spiritual requirements accounted for 17% of the spirituality and spiritual care perceptions of the students (F = 16.118, P = .001, R² = 0.17). The participants' spirituality and spiritual care perception levels accounted for 14% of their spiritual care competences (F = 16.851, P = .001, R² = 0.14). It was determined that the students' perceptions of spiritual care competence were not at the desired level and that they should be improved. Therefore, it is recommended that changes should be made in the curricula and that training programs should be improved in order to strengthen students' spiritual care competency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study is aimed to explore Turkish nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and to investigate the relationship between their perceptions and some variables. Method: This descriptive study was conducted between November 2012 and August 2013. The population of the study consisted of nurses working in Faculty of Medicine Hospitals in 7 city centers (Tokat, Ordu, Samsun, Elazıg, Van, Erzincan, Malatya) located in the Central Black Sea and Eastern Anatolian Regions. The sample of the study consisted of 747 nurses who worked in the Faculty of Medicine Hospitals of the same cities and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected by using "Personal Information Form" and "Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale" (SSCRS). The data were analyzed by using mean and percentage calculations in SPSS 16 package program. Results: The average age of the nurses agreeing to participate in the study was 29.38±6.4 and 68.5% of them had bachelor degree, 62.8% stated that they did not receive training concerning spirituality and spiritual care. 60% of those who stated that they received training on spirituality and spiritual care reported that they received this training during their nursing education. The mean score obtained by the nurses was 2.46±0.5 in spirituality and spiritual care subscale, 3.22±0.5 in religiosity subscale and 2.64±0.5 in individual care subscale; whereas, total mean score of SSCRS was 2.83±0.3. Conclusions: While the results of the study indicate that the knowledge of the nurses concerning spirituality and spiritual care was insufficient, it is thought that spiritual aspect of the care services in both vocational education and in-service training should be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive survey study aimed to explore how nursing students perceive spirituality/spiritual care and investigate the variables acting on their perception. Data were collected using the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale with 500 students from the Faculty of Nursing. The students' median score regarding their perception of spirituality and spiritual care indicates a 'conceptual confusion' related with these concepts. Female students have higher scale scores than male students ( z = 2.19, p < 0.05). Students' awareness of spirituality and related concepts, and their acquisition of spiritual care skills will allow them to provide spiritual care after graduation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study has been performed as definitive in order to investigate the nursing students’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. Methods: This study has been carried out at Atatürk University Faculty of Health Sciences between August 2015 and September 2015. Population of this study has been constituted by the Ataturk University Faculty of Health Sciences nursing first, second, third and fourth class students completely. (n=780). Study has been completed without choosing a sample group with the participation of 305 students who accepted to attend the investigation. Introductory information forms and Spiritual Care-Giving Scale have been used during the data collection. Percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation, analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, And T test has been used while evaluating the data. Results: In this study, following results has been founded: Average of nursing students is 21.02±175, 62 % of them are female, perceiving of their spirituality and spiritual caring is good level (X±SS =143.60 ±16.10). It has been determined that perceiving of nursing students’ spirituality and spiritual caring has been affected from lessons about the spiritual caring, finding the spiritual care involved with nursing care, choosing the nursing job by willingly and perceiving the students’ their own spiritual conditions (p<0.05). But It has been also determined, students’ spirituality and spiritual caring perceive is not affected of sexuality, marital status, economical condition and settlement. (p>0.05). Conclusion: It has been determined with this study that; there is a close relation between acknowledge level of students about spiritual care and students’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. Accordingly integration spirituality and spiritual subject to the nursing lessons of students could be advised in order to increase their awareness for spirituality and spiritual caring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of spirituality cannot be understood well enough by midwives and nurses because it is an abstract and complex concept and so spiritual care is less included in nursing practice. Aim: This descriptive study was conducted to determine the opinions of nurses and midwives on spirituality and spiritual care. Methods: The study sample consisted of 243 nurses and midwives working at the Health Practice and Research Centre of a University in Turkey. Data were collected from a personal information form and “The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale”. Results: It was found that 28.8% of nurses and midwives had received information about spiritual care, and 46.5% had provided spiritual care to patients. Nurses and midwives who received information about spiritual care and gave spiritual care to their patients had higher perceptions of spiritual care (p< 0.05). Conclusions: It was found that nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge of spirituality and spiritual care was insufficient and that those who received information about spirituality and spiritual care and gave spiritual care had higher perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. It is important that spirituality and spiritual care subjects be included in nursing and midwifery education curricula and in-service training programmes after graduation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses' spiritual care practices have been shown to affect patients' well-being, therefore understanding nurses' spiritual care perceptions and their practices. Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate the nurses' views to practising spiritual care. Methods: A descriptive survey of 193 nurses was conducted at a general hospital in Turkey. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). Findings: The findings of this study revealed that older nurses (p<.05); married (p<.001); higher levels of education (p<.05); work experience (p<.05); worked longer hours (p<.05); received education in spiritual care (p<.001); working in medical departments (p<.05) all tended to score higher on the SSCRS. Conclusion: Our research findings suggest that there is a lack of knowledge and general confusion regarding Turkish nurses perceptions and practices related to spiritual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a descriptive-type study on the perceptions of nurses regarding spirituality and spiritual care. The study was conducted among 733 nurses working in three hospitals in western Turkey. Results showed that 96.9 percent of the subjects had no previous training on spirituality and spiritual healing. The average Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale score for nurses was found to be 62.43 plus or minus 7.54 points.

This descriptive qualitative study was planned to determine the spiritual care needs of patients hospitalized in the oncology department and nursing care practices. Twenty-five patients and 15 nurses were interviewed. Concerning the spiritual care practices expected from nurses, the following themes were determined: Interest-Compassion, Smiling Face, Confidence, Being Informative, Morale, and Understanding. The themes for spiritual nursing practices were Chatting-Suggesting, Smiling Face, Giving Opportunities for Religious Practice, Love and Belonging, Giving Hope-Precedent Examples, and Giving Information. Patients expected nurses to ask about their spiritual needs. However, nurses did not ask about spiritual issues because they were afraid of affecting patients adversely., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The present study was conducted to determine nursing students' perception levels of spirituality and spiritual care and the factors affecting these levels. The study was carried out in the nursing faculty of a university located in eastern Turkey between April and June 2019. The study population was made up of students studying within a department of nursing (n = 1250), and involved a sample size of 420 students, determined by power analysis. Data were obtained from an 'Introductory Information Form' that included students' sociodemographic characteristics and questions related to spiritual care and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). Students scored, on average, 59.8 ± 9.7 on the SSCRS. Gender, year of undergraduate education, father's education level, knowledge of spiritual care, beliefs on the relationship between spiritual care and nursing care, and the ability to meet patients' spiritual needs were variables with an impact on the total SSCRS scores (p < 0.05). The findings show that spiritual care perception levels of nursing students were high., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Attention to patients' spirituality, as a moral obligation of care, is now widely accepted in nursing practice. However, until recently, many nursing programs have paid little attention to spirituality., Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the impact of two different curricula, used to teach undergraduate nursing students, on increasing nursing student awareness of spirituality in the care of patients., Research Design: A quasi-experimental post-intervention two-group design was conducted in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 academic years., Participants and Research Context: The study included a total of 130 volunteer senior-year students. The students were assigned as "the intervention group/integrated system" that were informed about spirituality or as "the control group/traditional system" that received no information on spirituality. Data were collected via a personal information form and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale was used to assess responses. The study was conducted at the Department of Nursing of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, in Central Anatolia/Turkey., Ethical Considerations: Permission to conduct the study at the nursing school was obtained from the schools' management teams. The rights of the participants were protected in this study by obtaining informed consent., Findings: The results revealed that the intervention group had a higher mean score on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale than did the control group. The students in the intervention group defined the terms of spirituality and spiritual care more accurately than did the control group students., Discussion: Nurses are professionally and ethically responsible for providing spiritual care. Nurses' competence in meeting the spiritual needs of their patients should be improved by undergraduate education on spiritual care. Nursing scholars reported a significant difference in the knowledge and attitudes toward spirituality of nursing students as a result of the integration of spirituality into the undergraduate nursing curriculum., Conclusion: Spirituality should be more widely included in nursing education., (© The Author(s) 2014.)