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In this study, the primary goal was to enhance the knowledge and awareness of 4th-grade primary school students regarding global pandemic diseases and methods of safeguarding against worldwide epidemic diseases which are socio-scientific issues. To achieve this goal, two activity modules tailored for 4th-grade students were created. These encompassed various activities, including experiments, worksheets on scientific process skills, science-themed interactive reading, and poster development. The research was conducted at a public school during the 2022-2023 academic year, utilising a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected through pre- and post-implementation interviews. The findings of the study indicated that students were able to articulate accurate scientific information about global pandemics and protective measures. They also demonstrated an ability to implement preventive measures in their daily lives and share information about global pandemics with their families and friends. Furthermore, it was observed that students developed a more positive perception of scientists.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of education given on genital hygiene to female students attending a special education center. Methods: We interviewed 52 girls selected by meeting the inclusion criteria, using a quasi-experimental method, the single group pre-test post-test model in a special education institution located in the Aegean region in Turkey. Results: The results of the programme the genital hygiene knowledge of the participants had significantly improved. Significantly positive changes were observed in genital hygiene knowledge compared to pre-training (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It is recommended that the program training and practices to be carried out simultaneously be implemented by healthcare professionals for adolescents with intellectual disability and their parents.

Female children with profound intellectual disabilities (IDs) may experience symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and depend on others' care. However, their caregivers may lack general hygiene skills and experience heightened anxiety when their care is expected. This study reports outcome of a training that aims to enhance genital hygiene skills and decrease anxiety levels of mothers of girls diagnosed with profound ID. The study was conducted in a city located in Turkey in 2020. It was designed with a randomized controlled experimental approach based on a pre-test and post-test model with experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 66 mothers of girls who were diagnosed with profound ID, did not have UTI but were at high risk of developing it. A 6-week program with 24 sessions was implemented. After the training, mothers in the experimental group changed the sanitary pad and the underwear during menstruation and gave their daughters a bath more frequently; had a higher knowledge of recognizing and preventing UTI symptoms and cleaning of the perineum area; and had significantly lower levels of anxiety. A carefully designed simulator-based training can enhance the knowledge and skills of mothers to recognize the UTI symptoms, apply their knowledge to prevent the symptoms and implement genital hygiene practices, which in turn have a positive effect on reducing their level of anxiety.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the training provided by the professional and caregivers in developing menstrual care skills of girls with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 22 moderate girls with intellectual disabilities randomly assigned to G-I and G-II. Both groups received training program using chaining technique and modeling on a doll and on itself for 8 weeks. Assessments were made on the 1, 15, 30 and 60 days. Results: The girls' median age was 15 (14-18) years. Scores skill of menstrual care were significantly increased in both groups (p < 0.05; effect size = 0.61). G-I's a pad placement and changing dirty pad skill scores were higher than G-II (p = 0.05; effect size = 0.44). Conclusion: The training process performing by caregivers can be affected by the complexity of the menstrual self-care skills. School-parents cooperation-based reproductive health programs may be facilitated the teaching of complex menstrual care skills of girls with intellectual disabilities.

Hygiene education is becoming increasingly popular and is now addressed in both formal and informal education systems. Examining hygiene education research and developing a vision for the future will lead to creating a roadmap for future research as well as an analysis of past research. Research on hygiene education encompasses a variety of subtopics. It is critical for future researchers and thematic studies in this area to determine if there is a pattern to these concerns that cover a wide range of topics. The purpose of this study is to examine the topic of hygiene education using bibliometric analysis. From the Scope Database, 503 records remain for bibliometric analysis. This results in an average number of 5.02 publications per year. 1973 people contributed to the study. Among the top 10, most influential sources in terms of the number of articles are four websites related to dental hygiene. The United States leads the world in both the number of publications and a total number of citations, followed by Canada and China. Most of the research was related to oral hygiene education.

This study aims to investigate the parental views of pre-school children during the COVID-19 pandemic and is conducted using a basic qualitative research design from qualitative research methods. In the study, parents of children attending pre-school institution were identified through criterion sampling techniques from non-selective sampling methods. The study prepared a semi-structured interview form for parents with children attending pre-school institution as an instrument for data collection. The data from the semi-structured interview form was collected through online interviews with parents whose children attend the pre-school facility. As a result of the study, parents indicated that during the pre-school children's pandemic process, there were more activities with family members at home, the children spent more time with technological devices, terms such as pandemic, diseases, and viruses were frequently used in their daily conversations, and their negative, boring, and aggressive behaviors increased. It was also noted that children were sleeping and waking up later during this time, thus changing their sleep patterns. Another finding observed by the parents was that irregular eating habits increased in the children's eating behavior. It was observed by the parents that children were washing their hands more frequently than before the pandemic. Another finding of the study was that children spoke with longing about their school life due to the disruption of personal instruction in schools.

The current study was carried out to determine the problems that preschool children experience during COVID-19 and also what could be done from perspectives of preschool prospective teachers. The working group of the study was made up of 45 projects prepared by 15 preschool prospective teachers attending to the midterm exam of lecture of "Practices of social service" in Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Education, Department of Preschool Education. As a data collection tool, the project preparation form (A unstructured survey form) that was prepared by the researcher was used. The study was carried out by qualitative research methods and the projects comprising the working group of the study were analyzed with content analysis technique. At the end of the study, the problems that preschool children might experience in the pandemic period, the purposes to decrease these problems to minimum, the concepts and values to be attained and recommendations for projects were determined. Various recommendations were made in line with the findings obtained. [This study was presented as an oral presentation in International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences (ICSES)-2020, Istanbul, Turkey.]

The current study aimed to examine the perceptions and experiences of Reggio Emilia-inspired early childhood educators in Turkey regarding the difficulties they experienced in the New Normal. The study utilized the method of phenomenography. Data collection included an online questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions and demographic information questions. Data analysis included both the content analysis and the thematic analysis. The study involved 226 Reggio Emilia-inspired educators from different schools in Turkey. The findings showed that many of the participants were not aware of different ways to do distance education and adhered to online education only. Most of those educators, who adhered to online education, complained about difficulties and negative experiences related to online education and they thought that online/distance education is suitable for children aged 6 and up but not for younger ones. Only a few of them agreed that online education was effective in supporting children's development and learning. On the other hand, all of them agreed that face-to-face education was effective during the pandemic. The findings of the current research also showed that some educators received both parents' support and others' support (e.g., own relatives, managers, colleagues) but some of them received no support at all during the pandemic.

In this study in which case study -- one of the qualitative research methods -- was used, it was aimed to assess the effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on preschool education by teachers. Preschool teachers working in 14 provinces where the number of cases is high form the universe of the study. Sample group is 140 teachers in total. So as to get data for the study, survey questions prepared by the researcher and submitted to expert opinion and structured interview forms were used. The findings of the study are as follows: preschool children had feelings of anxiety, fear and longing all together during this process and they wanted to return to their schools as soon as possible. Similarly, most of the teachers were highly concerned and worried. The teachers attended online educations related to their professional development during the process of staying home. Before COVID-19 came to Turkey, the schools did not take any measures; then, when distance education started, all schools were disinfected, the materials and toys in the classrooms were put aside after disinfection. Distance education process was quite difficult in preschool education; all the teachers taught in line with their own initiatives. During this process, while the activities most preferred by the teachers were games and art activities, the activities having pandemic theme were experiments and dramas about hygiene. Distance education increased parent participation to preschool education and this had a positive effect on parent-child interaction. In the distance education process, by establishing platforms intended for preschools, suggestions to make more and professional activities, to have common actions in cooperation with schools and to train parents were made.

More than 1.5 billion students and young people worldwide have been affected by school and university closings due to the COVID-19 outbreak. With the closure of schools due to the COVID19 pandemic in Turkey, a free distance education system was launched by the Ministry of Education on 23 March 2020 with a national level television and internet-based curriculum. The opinions of the children who have just started primary school but whose school has been closed due to the pandemic in the spring term are considered to be necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the perspectives of 1st grade primary school (6.5-7 years old) students on the Coronavirus and its effects. In current study, the perspectives of 1st grade primary school students on Coronavirus and its effects were investigated. In this context, interview and document analysis techniques were used within the scope of qualitative research methods. A total of 16 primary school students from four provinces in different geographical regions of Turkey were included in the study to ensure maximum diversity. These students formed the working group of the research. In the study, semi-structured interviews and pictures drawn by students were used to reveal students' perspectives on Coronavirus and the effects of the virus. In the research, semi-structured interviews were used for content analysis, and the pictures drawn were utilized for document analysis. In the study, it was assumed that 1st grade primary school students have the consciousness that Coronavirus has tremendous and adverse effects on human life and threatens health. it was concluded that 1st grade primary school students gained awareness about proper handwashing, using masks and gloves as a means of protection from Coronavirus.

The aim of the research was to reveal the school management process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was designed on the basis of case study in qualitative research paradigm. Maximum variation sampling was used in the study. As such, 15 school principals with various years of experience, serving at various school levels were included in the study. Data was obtained from a semi-structured interview form with 11 items. Inductive analysis was utilized in data analysis. The primary finding of the study was the precautions taken by school principals during the pandemic. These are physical precautions, informative precautions, and productive precautions. Another finding was that school principals made their best effort to fulfill their duties and responsibilities in-school, out of school, and regarding their leadership roles. Lastly, school principals problems mainly revolved around two groups: the resources of the school and students, and the decisions made, regarding educational and instructional processes.

The study aims to determine rural families' experiences regarding sexual development of their adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents. Since the interviews included privacy issues, they were conducted one-to-one with the parents. The phenomenological method was used, depending on the research purpose. Inductive analysis was utilised in the analysis of the data obtained from the semistructured interviews. Validity and reliability were included in all stages of data collection, breakdown and analysis. As a result, the families stated that their children exhibited inappropriate socio-sexual behaviours during adolescence; they strive to teach their children sexuality issues, although they do not know how and they generally prefer carrying their children along to prevent sexual abuse. Also, due to not knowing much about sexuality, they generally received their relatives' support and requested comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) from special education teachers and other experts, especially about distinguishing good and bad people, menstruation and hiding sanitary pads. Although the literature reports that sexuality and its education are generally taboo, families in this study explained their thoughts on sexuality in full detail without tabooing. This makes the study different and meaningful, when compared to similar ones. The study was conducted in an eastern Turkey city with difficult access to special education. Thus, experts in rural areas are recommended to prepare and give necessary CSE programmes to families and individuals with special needs by conducting similar studies. These studies can be conducted not only with special education perspective but also in different disciplines. It is a basic human right for all individuals to receive CSE, thus as another recommendation, experts should give all children these courses in schools.

Purpose: This research was conducted to identify the responsibilities the parents did not fulfill. It was carried out in a primary school in Aydin province in the first half of the 2018-2019 academic year. Research Method: The research was a qualitative research design and a case study. A descriptive case study was adopted in this study. Nine primary school teachers were recruited according to the criterion sampling method. The data was gathered by a semi-structured interview form and descriptive data analysis was conducted. Results: According to the results of the study, it was found that the parents in the primary school did not fulfill their responsibilities adequately. These unfulfilled responsibilities were physical, educational and emotional responsibilities. The reasons for not being able to perform parental responsibilities were listed as economic, parent or family-related causes. Implications for Research and Practice: The study suggested that students should get free breakfast at school; couples should get parental training both before and after they have become parents, public service advertisements on responsibilities of parents should be broadcasted on TVs, and talks of imams should include the importance of parental responsibilities in their Friday preaches. These suggestions are believed to increase parents' participation in school activities and encourage them to comply with their parental responsibilities. Also, suggestions for researchers are given. The same research could be carried out in schools with low and high socio-economic students or private schools and public schools to make comparisons.

Schools are one of the important environments where children can attain the right attitudes and behaviours during the epidemic. The curriculum implemented and textbooks taught in schools form the basis of resources for knowledge that can be used by both teachers and students. In Turkey, health information is given to primary school children in the units of "Healthy Life" in life sciences classes. In the current study, the extent to which the units of healthy life prepare children for struggling with COVID-19 was investigated. To this end, both the life sciences curriculum and the textbooks taught in the first three grade levels were analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that both the life sciences curriculum and the textbooks taught do not have the content adequate to prepare children for struggling with the epidemic.

Cleanliness, hygiene and personal hygiene habits have an extremely important place in maintaining and developing an individual's physical and spiritual health. In contrast, it has been observed that research on student behaviour for cleaning and hygiene applications has been limited in the literature. In this case, "What are the cleaning and hygiene habits of students?" It has emerged as a necessity to answer the question. In this study, mixed blending method has been used. The study group consisted of 1300 students, studying in 12 different secondary schools in the city of Kars. In order to collect data, personal information form, "Personal Cleansing and Hygiene Habits Scale" developed by the researcher and open-ended questions were used. It was observed that the general cleaning and hygiene levels of the students were not statistically significantly different according to gender variables (p>0.05). In terms of the personal hygiene and hygiene habits of the students' significant differences have been found according to their parents' education status, the number of individuals in their families and the level of their education. Significant differences have been found in terms of the personal hygiene and hygiene habits of the students according to their parents' education status, the number of individuals in their families and the level of their education (p<0.05). In addition, the students' answers to open-ended questions have been seen to consider that they are largely used for cleaning and hygiene concepts, and that dirty-stained non-polluted is hygienic.

Child Friendly School (CFS) is a democratic environment based on children's rights, where all students are accepted, teaching-learning processes are organized according to children's interest needs, health, safety and protective measures are taken for children and gender-based discrimination is not provided. Preschool education institutions, which are considered to be very effective on the future of the child and the society, should be child friendly in this way. The aim of this study is to identify the teaching-learning environment of independent kindergartens in the context of a child-friendly. The data of the study was obtained from the independent kindergarten in different socioeconomic environments with "CFS Diagnostic Form". According to the results, it was seen that in terms of effectiveness, the physical areas and materials of the schools were sufficient, but the places and qualifications that increase the effectiveness of teaching were insufficient; in terms of inclusiveness, all children attend school without discrimination in terms of inclusiveness, but female students have low access to school; in terms of democratic participation, means are used to ensure communication with the environment, in terms of healthy, safe and protective environment, physical requirements are fulfilled, necessary measures are taken, but ventilation and out-of-school safety measures are not sufficient and in terms of gender sensitivity, there is no discrimination based on gender. It has been concluded that the independent kindergartens are largely child-friendly, despite some inadequacies.

The pandemics and epidemics experienced in Turkey after the second quarter of the twentieth century had a profound impact on society and education. The "General Hygiene Law", which came into force in 1930 in an attempt to fight against increasing epidemic diseases, was a service provided by the state to improve health conditions in the country and to combat all diseases that threatened the health of the nation. Flu (influenza) epidemics that occur almost every winter in Turkey were experienced particularly severely in the years 1932, 1949 and 1957 and dominated the whole agenda of the country. Another disease that was as severe as flu and that was experienced every year as an epidemic was tuberculosis, and it wrought havoc in the lives of people in many cities, towns and villages across the country. During the periods of these epidemics, education was interrupted from time to time and, schools were suspended. In this study, changes in education, restrictions, obstacles, measures taken and methods developed against epidemic diseases in Turkey are discussed. The data of the study were obtained from primary sources, such as documents from the State Archives, newspapers and magazines published in that period, laws and regulations, books and articles written in the period, and brochures and textbooks published.

The aim of this study is to determine the satisfaction levels of individuals who go to fitness centers. The model of the survey is a descriptive survey model. The sample of the study consists of 113 participants who were chosen by convenience sampling. The involvement of the participants into the study is based on the volunteerism principle. A survey form was used as the data-gathering tool in the study. The survey form consists of matters intended for personal information and the Sports Facilities Customer Satisfaction Scale. The data analysis in the study was conducted by using SPSS 21 package software. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum calculations were used. Additionally, in order to determine the relationship between the personal information and the sports facilities customer satisfaction, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests were conducted. In the study, it was discovered that the participants determined the trainers' attitude to be the most positive perception while the hygiene was the most negative perception. In the analysis of the customer satisfaction in terms of the personal information, it was determined that females' trainer perception was lower compared to men and high school graduate individuals' atmosphere perception was lower compared to the other individuals.

Voice hygiene is an important part of voice training process, so voice hygiene should be taken care for a healthy voice. This study which is conducted to evaluate voice hygiene of secondary school students who are at voice change period at 7th and 8th grade is a scanning model. Study group consists of 297 students in total, 142 male and 155 female students at the age of 13-15 who are studying at 7th and 8th grade of randomly chosen public schools in Meram Region of Konya. An analysis of the differences between the Vocal Health Test points according to the age, gender and grade variables of the students participating in the study was made. The Turkish adaptation was made by experts in the field and linguists. While the test is being prepared, each question was examined by the experts in the field for the validity of the scope, and it was stated that the questions represent the measured characteristic, they are also clear and understandable. As a result of the study, significant differences in Vocal Health Test points according to gender was found (P <0.05). The Vocal Health Test point of females is lower than that of males, and it can be said that females are more at risk of voice hygiene than males. There is a meaningful difference between vocal health test points in terms of age groups (P<0.05). The Vocal Health Test points of the students at the age of 14-15 are lower than the ones at the age of 13. It might be thought that voice change period is experienced more specifically at the age of 14-15, thus, if not paid attention, voice hygiene problem increases. When the grades are considered in terms of points, there is a significant difference between 7th grade and 8th grade students (P<0.05). It can be said that the 8th grade students are more inclined to have voice hygiene problems when compared to 7th grades. Analysis results between grade and age support each other.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the service quality of the hotels which are provided sport tourism by athletes according to some variables. The research was conducted with cross-sectional research method as one of the general survey models and relational screening model. Target group of the study also constituted the sample group. This sample was formed of 389 athletes in total as 247 males and 142 females from team sports in Turkish Football, Volleyball, Basketball leagues in years 2016-2017 and individual sports. "Sport Tourism Service Quality Scale" (STSQS) developed by Osmanoglu et al. (2017) was employed as data collecting tool in this study. The scale was formed of 28 items and 5 sub-dimensions as "Sport facilities, a = 0.96," "Staff, a = 0.82," "Entertainment, a = 0.90," "Hygiene, a = 0.85" and "Room quality, a = 0.80." The data was analysed by applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's Post-Hoc test and Pearson Correlation analysis. The level of significance for this study was decided as p<0.05. In conclusion with the study, service quality perception scores of the athletes were established to be high-level at room quality, hygiene and staff sub-dimensions and medium level at sport facilities and entertainment sub-dimensions. It was noted that service quality perception of the individual sports athletes is higher than the team sports athletes at staff and hygiene sub-dimensions (p<0.05). Regarding duration of stay, the mean of the ones that stay for 5 nights and above was observed to be significantly higher than the ones that stay one-two days and three-four days at sport facilities and staff sub-dimensions. Between the sport facilities, staff, hygiene and entertainment sub-dimensions of hotel classification and service quality, a significant distinction was seen in favor of the five star hotels (p<0.05).

In this study it was aimed to determine the parents' opinions on the required qualifications for students' happiness in school. This study was designed as a qualitative research design. Study group consists 20 parents. A semi-structured grid form was used as a data collection tool. The main-themes for school qualifications were physical equipment, learning environment, school environment, teacher qualifications, communication and collaboration, learning activities, social activities, school management, and education policy. The participants' views focused on hygienic school environment, fair assessment, job enthusiasm of teachers, and the appealing school. In addition, school-parent cooperation should be increased, learning activities should be compatible with talent, and social activities should be sufficient for school happiness. School administrators should have leadership skills and school education should be continued based on democracy and laicism.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the caregiving practices of nomadic Yuruk Turkmen (NYT) families for their children for developmental well-being in view of ecocultural theory perspective. The ethnography method was used in order to investigate the caregiving practices of NYT families in physical and social environment in detail. The sample consists of four NYT children and their family members who take part and responsibility in caregiving practices. As data collection tools observation, interview, ethnographic photographs, and the researcher's diary were used. The findings indicate that the practices of sheltering, nutrition, sleeping, cleanliness, and health are shaped by factors such as nomadic life style, physical and social environment and livelihood sources. Children participate in production activities from an early age. They also take some responsibilities in the care of their siblings. Within environmental possibilities, care givers possess false caregiving practices although they carry out practical and effective ones.

Problem Statement: As a result of wars, starvation, traffic accidents, homicide, infectious diseases, insufficient adult protection, migration, and inadequate legal reforms the mortality rate of children has become a serious problem in the world. Protective health education contributes to a child's physical and social health. In this case, the main problem of research is "How does the production and applications of educational materials affect the protective health knowledge level of prospective preschool teachers?". Purpose of the Study: The aims of this study are, to increase the health knowledge level of prospective teachers, to produce protective health education materials for children and to experience the applications of produced materials with these children. Method: The present study was used partially mixed sequential equal status design model. The quantitative data from the protective health knowledge level test including 20 open-ended questions were combined with qualitative data from interviews who (n = 131) were the pre-school prospective teachers. The qualitative data that were gathered from face to face interviews with 22 of the sample group. The interventions of research including theoretical and production of protective health education tools took place 12 weeks then prospective teachers applied tools on children. Ttest and content analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. Findings: There was a significant difference in the protective health knowledge level test scores of participants (t (131) = 10.53, p<0.00) before and after the research. There was a significant difference between the mean values of pre-test and post-test results on the immunity (t (131) = 5.51, p<0.00), traffic (t (131) = 1.53, p<0.00), nutrition (t (131) = 6.38, p<0.00), hygiene (t (131) = 5.83, p<0.00), mental health (t(131) = 4.05, p<.00). There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test of tooth health (t (131) = 1.53, p>0.00) and physical activities (t (131) = 1.53, p>0.00). The difficulties during the production of materials, the difficulties during the applications with students and the experiences of prospective teachers were obtained as themes from the qualitative data. Conclusion and Recommendations: Protective health education should be given to all prospective teachers in all subjects including practical as well as conceptual knowledge. In the future they can use this knowledge and these practices to decrease the mortality rate of countries as a teacher, as an individual in a society or as a parent.

The aim of this research is to analyze opinions of teachers who work in preschool education institutions concerning precautions that should be taken for indoor and outdoor security. Study group of this research is determined by criterion sampling from purposeful sampling techniques. The study group of this research is consist of eight preschool teachers who work in four private and four public schools in Kocaeli Izmit district in the fall semester of 2013-2014 Academic Year. For the purpose of the research, data are collected with semi-structured interview technique. During the research, the interviews are recorded with tape recorder and the interviews are put down on paper then analyzed. After the recorded data are submitted to approval of participants, the analysis of the data has started. Date are analyzed with descriptive analysis method and coded then interpreted. In order to ensure validity of the research, the data are tried to be analyzed with direct quotes of the participants. Research findings show that the most important risk factors are caused by defective design of schools. Research results also show that schools have not only indoor security problems such as stairs and door but also external security problems such as garden and playgrounds.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with psychiatric symptoms (PS) and challenging behaviour (CB) in adults with intellectual disabilities, and the utilization of psychiatric services in Turkey. Method: Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disorders Checklist-Revised was used for PS and a structured form for other variables in 771 participants. Results: Of the participants, 50.1% had PS and 36.4% presented with CB. Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher level of needs, better verbal ability, residential living, incontinence and CB, and lifetime suicidal ideation/attempt were independently associated with PS. For CB, it emerged as male carer, PS, lifetime suicidal attempt/ideation, lower level of verbal ability and autism spectrum disorder. Barriers were experienced by 64.7% of participants within the previous year. Conclusions: Psychiatric symptoms and CB seem to be problems for a significant proportion of adults with intellectual disabilities in Turkey, and there are certain barriers to psychiatric services.

Hand hygiene for children is crucial to keep them healthy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of two educational initiatives on "handwashing effectiveness (HWE)." A randomized controlled trial was carried out during April/June 2016, and 96 primary school students were randomly assigned to Group I receiving education with fluorescent gel; Group II receiving interactive education or control group continuing its normal education. Evaluation was made by scoring the fluorescent areas on the hands with photographs. There were significant differences in handwashing scores between preprogram and postprogram for all areas in only Group II (p < 0.05). HWE increased from 17.9% to 18.4% in Group I, from 15.4% to 37.7% in Group II, and from 35.5% to 35.8% in control group. Only concretization with fluorescent gel is not a sufficiently strong motivator for increasing HWE. New techniques should be integrated into the training programs for children.

In a democratic education system, it is important to provide equal opportunity to every child. Both educators and researchers acknowledge a gap between students who attend school ready to learn and those who do not. School readiness prepares students for this learning. The purpose of the study was to ascertain Turkish classroom teachers' expectations of first-grade students in terms of school readiness. To achieve this goal, Turkish classroom teachers' views on school readiness were collected. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with nine Turkish classroom teachers. Data were analysed using phenomenological study techniques. Seven major themes were derived from the data analysis: health screening, fine motor skills, self-confidence, self-expression, willingness to learn, toilet habits and negative transfer. Implications are discussed and recommendations are made for future studies.

Maintaining oral health is central to a high quality of life because it limits the risks of disease. The oral health status of children with visual impairments should be investigated so their health care needs can be determined and preventive dental procedures can be implemented. This paper presents a study that aimed to evaluate the oral health status of a group of children with visual impairments in Istanbul and to compare the oral health status of these children with that of sighted children. Ethical approval for the research was granted by the Yeditepe University Human Subjects Ethical Committee. Signed informed consent forms were obtained from the parents of all the participants according to the Helsinki Declaration. This study revealed that the caries and periodontal index values of the children who were blind were significantly higher than were those of the sighted children, even though both groups live in the same socioeconomic district in Istanbul. This finding is in line with that of Watson, Moles, Kumar, and Porter (2010) for the adults with visual impairments in their study. In addition, it may reflect the fact that the group who were blind had regular dental care less frequently than did the sighted group. Despite the dearth of research on the oral health status of children with visual impairments, the authors highly recommend that dentists consider these children to be at a high risk for caries and follow them at least four times a year. Proper education of teachers and parents regarding children's oral hygiene and tooth-brushing should be encouraged. (Contains 1 figure, 1 box, and 4 tables.)

In this paper, the occurrence frequency of the values "justice, family union, independence, peace, scientificality, diligence, cooperation, sensitivity, honesty, aesthetics, tolerance, hospitality, freedom, wellness, respect, affection, responsibility, cleanliness, patriotism, benevolence" which the Ministry of Education requires that children acquire in the Civics Course, have been analyzed in the narrative works from Turkish and Western children's literature that are within children's sphere of interest and are also recommended by the ministry. The document analyzing technique from qualitative research has been used to obtain data. A total of 20 values have been examined in the works, sticking to the definitions given in the syllabus according to their frequency of occurrence in a word, sentence or context, and coded into the relevant value themes in the rating lists. Content analysis, percentage and frequency techniques have been utilized in the analysis of the data obtained. In the Turkish children's literary works (TCLW) as well as Western children's literary works (WCLW), it has been observed that the religion is more foregrounded than others and that there is neither equality nor a priority ranking among the frequencies of occurrence of the other values. 71% of the values studied in the works occur in the TCLW whereas 29% exist in the WCLW. (Contains 1 table.)

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Copyright of University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing is the property of Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Female children with profound intellectual disabilities (IDs) may experience symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and depend on others' care. However, their caregivers may lack general hygiene skills and experience heightened anxiety when their care is expected. This study reports outcome of a training that aims to enhance genital hygiene skills and decrease anxiety levels of mothers of girls diagnosed with profound ID. The study was conducted in a city located in Turkey in 2020. It was designed with a randomized controlled experimental approach based on a pre-test and post-test model with experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 66 mothers of girls who were diagnosed with profound ID, did not have UTI but were at high risk of developing it. A 6-week program with 24 sessions was implemented. After the training, mothers in the experimental group changed the sanitary pad and the underwear during menstruation and gave their daughters a bath more frequently; had a higher knowledge of recognizing and preventing UTI symptoms and cleaning of the perineum area; and had significantly lower levels of anxiety. A carefully designed simulator-based training can enhance the knowledge and skills of mothers to recognize the UTI symptoms, apply their knowledge to prevent the symptoms and implement genital hygiene practices, which in turn have a positive effect on reducing their level of anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Research on the childcare experiences of visually impaired mothers and their expectations from nurses in this context is relatively scarce. This study aims to explore the experiences of visually impaired mothers in caring for their children, as well as their expectations from nurses during this process. The goal is to provide strategic recommendations for nurses based on these expectations. Methods: The study utilized a phenomenological design and employed a qualitative methodology. Data for this study were collected in six different provinces of Turkey between March 2019 and May 2020. The study group consisted of 25 visually impaired mothers with nondisabled children aged 0–18 years. Results: The analysis yielded four themes: "Postpartum Emotions and Care at 0–1 Years," "Hygienic Care of the Child," "Experiences in the Child's Illness," and "Nursing Support: Expectations of Visually Impaired Mothers." While the first three themes are associated with childcare, the fourth theme encompasses both the expectations from nurses and recommendations for visually impaired mothers. The study found that visually impaired mothers had unique experiences and either received assistance or developed childcare strategies. However, it was observed that nurses struggled to empathize with visually impaired mothers, and efforts to address their specific needs were limited. Implications for Practice: Pediatric nurses should develop methods to facilitate childcare for visually impaired mothers. Successful outcomes in this field depend on nurses collaborating with visually impaired mothers and providing them with ongoing support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Young adulthood is a critical developmental period in which individuals establish life-long health behaviors and take responsibility for their own health care. Health promotion strategies tailored to young adults, leveraging digital tools, and addressing challenges exacerbated by events like the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The aim of this study was to adapt the post-pandemic health promotion behavior of young adults in the digital age (PS-SGD) scale to the Turkish population in order to assess and compare the health behavior of young adults after the pandemic. Methods: A total of 312 participants, aged between 19 and 29 years, were included in the study via non-probabilistic criterion sampling, while the Turkish adaptation process started with translation and back translation methods performed with three language and two health science experts. For statistical analysis, EFA and CFA were conducted to evaluate internal consistency and structural validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to confirm the structure of the six sub-dimensions. Additionally, measurement invariance was examined regarding participants' gender to determine if the scale accurately captured similar traits across diverse groups. The relationship between the test–retest data was tested by Pearson correlation to measure consistency and its invariance over time. Results: The gender distribution of the sample was found to be 61.3% female and 38.7% male. According to the results of EFA, items 8 and 18 were removed from the Turkish-adapted version. As a result of the reliability analysis conducted with the Turkish version of the scale, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.851 for the post-pandemic health promotion behavior. Additionally, the scale was rated as reliable with the following Cronbach alpha values: 0.79 for the "personal hygiene", 0.78 for "dietary habits", 0.72 for "using mobile devices", 0.70 for "emotional health", 0.68 for "health care and physical activity", and 0.51 for "social health" sub-dimensions. To examine the six sub-dimension factor structures of the scale, fit indices were calculated as χ2/df (1.722), GFI (0.894), IFI (0.908), TLI (0.892), CFI (0.907), RMSEA (0.048), and SRMR (0.057) and were within acceptable limits. Findings of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for measurement invariance were less than or equal to 0.01 for the ∆CFI and ∆RMSEA values across all indices. Consequently, it was observed that the item–factor structure, factor loadings, variances, covariances, and error variances of the scale were equivalent for both male and female young adults, while test–retest results showed a high positive correlation. Conclusions: The Turkish version of the post-pandemic health promotion behavior scale of young adults in the digital age scale, consisting of 25 items and six subscales, was proven to be a valid and reliable tool to measure health promotion behavior in young adults aged 19–29 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the devastating impact of a double earthquake in Turkey in 2023, with a focus on the increase in child mortality. The earthquakes caused significant loss of life and widespread destruction. Children, especially those under 5, were particularly vulnerable and experienced severe consequences. The mortality rates among children rose significantly, with a higher percentage of deaths attributed to external causes of injury and poisoning. The article highlights the importance of disaster planning and preparedness, as well as the need for special attention to the needs of children in these situations. The document is a list of references for three articles published in the Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, providing valuable information on the impact of earthquakes on individuals with type 1 diabetes, infant and young child feeding during emergencies, and the effects of earthquakes on children. These references can be used by library patrons conducting research on these specific subjects. [Extracted from the article]

Topic: Adolescence is the period when people adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors and turn them into habits. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are a significant step toward a long and healthy life. Purpose: This study investigated the effect of a training program on adolescents' stress levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted between May and July 2021. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents living in a city in the south of Turkey. Participants were randomized into intervention and control groups using block randomization. The intervention group participated in an online (Zoom) training program consisting of two 45 min sessions once a week for 8 weeks. Data were collected using the adolescent stress questionnaire (ASQ) and the adolescent lifestyle profile (ALP). Results: The results showed that 73% (n: 73) of the participants had developed hygiene habits since the onset of the pandemic. However, the pandemic negatively affected participants' dietary habits (45%, n: 45), physical activity (70%, n: 70), coping mechanisms (68%, n: 68), sleep patterns (54%, n: 54), Internet/social media/video game addiction (64%, n: 64), and interpersonal relationships (57%, n: 57). The intervention group had a lower mean ASQ posttest score and a higher mean ALP posttest score than the control group. The intervention group had a lower mean ASQ posttest score than their pretest score. The intervention group also had a higher mean ALP posttest score than their pretest score. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The training program helped adolescents feel less stress and adopt more healthy lifestyle behaviors. Pediatric nurses should identify risk factors and design and implement appropriate plans to help adolescents go through future pandemics with as little damage as possible. Parents and educators should support adolescents against the adverse impacts of events such as the COVID 19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The research was conducted to determine the effect of the nursing intervention, which was given to patients according to the Roy Adaptation Model, on patients' stress, psychosocial adjustment, and self-care power. Methods: The population of the study, which was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study, consisted of 80 patients receiving outpatient dialysis treatment in the hemodialysis unit of a university hospital. The patients from the population were included in the sample of the study in a randomized manner. The data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Hemodialysis Stressor Scale, the Self-Care Scale, and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. The patients in the Roy and clinical groups were pre-tested. After the pre-test, a Roy Adaptation-based training and nursing interventions were applied to the patients in the Roy group at home and in the clinic, twice a month, 6 times in 3 months. At the end of the third month, the post-test data of both groups were collected. The data were evaluated with the SPSS 23 package program. Findings: When the pre-tests between the groups were compared, hygienic self-care power, healthcare orientation, vocational environment, domestic environment, sexual relationships, extended family relations, social environment and total psychosocial adjustment levels changed significantly (p<0.05). When the post-tests were compared between the groups, no significant difference was found only in the mean of the mental state sub-dimension (p>0.05). Conclusion: Interventions made according to the Roy Adaptation Model reduced the stress level of the patients, and increased their self-care power and psychosocial adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, 1811 serum samples of 1764 patients who applied to the parasitology laboratory of Gaziantep Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2022 with preliminary diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) were investigated, in order to evaluate the demographic data of the patients and CE seropositivity on an annual base. 1811 serum samples were analyzed by ELI.H.A Echinococcus ELITech (MICROBIO, France) test which is based on the indirect haemagglutination principle. Seropositivity was detected in a total of 519 patients. Of the patients who were found to be positive, 341 were women and 178 were men. The highest positivity rate was found in patients over 50 years of age (29.3%), followed by the 20-30 age group (23.1%) and the 30-40 age group (22.9%), respectively. While 232 of the admitted patients with preliminary diagnosis of CE were Syrians, 1532 patients were Turkish citizens. The positivity rate in Syrian patients was determined to be 41.8%, (n=100) while this rate was 26.7% (n=419) in Turkish patients. Despite the developments in the socioeconomic field, the investments of local governments in sanitation and the establishment of single health awareness, CE continues to exist as an important public health problem in Gaziantep due to both the effect of migration and the inability to reach the desired levels of personal hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Research in Nursing (JAREN) is the property of Hemsirelikte Egitim ve Arastirma Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of education given on genital hygiene to female students attending a special education center. Methods: We interviewed 52 girls selected by meeting the inclusion criteria, using a quasi-experimental method, the single group pre-test post-test model in a special education institution located in the Aegean region in Turkey. Results: The results of the programme the genital hygiene knowledge of the participants had significantly improved. Significantly positive changes were observed in genital hygiene knowledge compared to pre-training (p <.001). Conclusion: It is recommended that the program training and practices to be carried out simultaneously be implemented by healthcare professionals for adolescents with intellectual disability and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Social Research / Turkiye Sosyal Arastirmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: COVID-19 has emerged as a globally serious concern in recent times. The pandemic has raised several questions about our hygiene practices, social behaviors, and attention to health conditions. Understanding and following certain behavioral and social changes is cumbersome for the children. Practicing proper hand hygiene is of immense importance for the children for their safety and to prevent the disease spread. The present study was conducted to understand the influence of several social factors and instructions to maintain and practice better hand hygiene for school children. Methods: The present cross-sectional survey was conducted between Nov 2019 and Mar 2020 among 3462 students. The survey was conducted using a suitable questionnaire that contained questions on the participants' awareness of the pathogens and diseases, the importance of hygiene, and the response of the students to the instruction provided by their parents or teachers related to hand washing and hygiene maintenance. All categorical responses were scaled using the Likert scale in the range of 1-5. Analysis of the data was done using standard descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Results: The considered students were between the age of 7 and 11. The selected participants were from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades. Out of the total participants, 35.6% were the single child of their parent, whereas 64.44% were having siblings. When the parents of the participants were classified into higher education, the rate of fathers was 7.07% and the rate of mothers was 12.94%, which was statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: The outcomes, follow-ups, and observations in this study suggested that the students often follow instructions that are attractively presented. During following instructions related to hand wash, they often miss the minute details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in human life. As a result of these changes, it is important to determine the effects on the child and family life. This study was conducted to determine the challenges experienced by children and their families while home quarantine in the pandemic. Material and methods. The study was conducted with parents who had children aged 6-18, use social media, and willing to participate in the study. A total of 450 parents participated in the study. Online survey was used. Results. It was determined that some of parental daily activities decreased (doing sports, communicating with friends, engaging in hobbies) and some of them increased (personal hygiene, internet, and playing games with their children). The decreased daily activities of children (doing sports and communicating with friends) and increased activities (eating, personal hygiene, internet, and social media use, playing with toys and technological devices) were detected. There was an increase in some of the family activities (watching movies, playing games, and studying). Conclusion. It was determined that the home quarantine in the pandemic led to some negative changes in the daily living habits, lifestyles, and feelings of the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the history and cultural significance of handkerchiefs in Turkish society. It explains that handkerchiefs have multiple uses and are often used symbolically. The article explores the etymology of the Turkish word for handkerchief and its origins in various languages. It also discusses the role of handkerchiefs in different contexts, such as religious celebrations, mining communities, and the film industry. The article further explores the impact of political events on Turkish society and the loss of minority populations. It concludes by discussing the symbolism of handkerchiefs in relation to love and cultural heritage. Another text explores the disappearance of handkerchiefs from daily life in Turkey. The author reflects on their childhood memories of using handkerchiefs and how they were once an important part of social and cultural practices. The text discusses the shift from handkerchiefs to disposable tissues and the reasons behind this change, including the influence of neoliberal policies and changing consumption patterns. The author also highlights the cultural significance of handkerchiefs in literature and songs. The text concludes with a personal memory of watching a film with family and neighbors, where handkerchiefs were used to wipe away tears and provide comfort during a difficult time. [Extracted from the article]

This article delves into the historical and cultural significance of cloth in Turkey, specifically focusing on its role in cleaning practices. It explores the shift from traditional cleaning methods to modern disposable products and examines the social and spatial organization of domestic labor. The text also highlights instances of resistance and solidarity among cleaning workers, as well as the use of cloth as a symbol of rebellion. It concludes by discussing the use of yellow washcloths as a form of protest during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

This article contributes to the debate on material religion, the body, and the senses by focusing on the uses and reconfigurations of cologne in Turkey and its German diaspora during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eau de Cologne, which emerged in Western Europe during the second plague pandemic, was localized as kolonya in Turkey during the nineteenth century. In the early COVID-19 crisis, it regained its early association with purity and healing in spite of its high concentration of alcohol, which is a problematic substance in Islam. Moreover, it became a biopolitical agent in the government's attempt of dealing with the crisis, revitalizing and transforming long-standing kolonya cultures. Drawing on ethnographic material and media debates, the article outlines the role of kolonya as an "intra-active" substance traversing the boundaries commonly drawn between the secular and the Islamic in Turkey. It illustrates the entanglement of olfactorial hygiene, sociality, and healing in present-day Turkey and beyond. In taking the role of kolonya as a starting point, the article engages with material perspectives to argue for greater attention to be given to the olfactorial aspects of experiential Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]