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Background: The study aimed to compare the pain-relieving effectiveness of anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB3) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB), both of which have been documented to provide relief during abdominal surgery. Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted between February and July 2023, included 96 patients who had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Patients were divided into three groups: QLB3, ESPB, and control (no block) and received the corresponding nerve block in the preanesthetic room for regional block. Cumulative morphine consumption during the initial 24 h after PCNL, numerical rating scale resting/movement scores, intraoperative remifentanil usage, rescue analgesic requirements, time when the first analgesic was requested, and postoperative nausea and vomiting scores were documented and compared between the groups. Results: Total median morphine consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively was similar in the QLB3 and ESPB groups but higher in the control group (QLB3, 7 mg [(Q1-Q3) 7–8.5]; ESPB, 8 mg [6.5–9]; control, 12.5 [10–17]; P < 0.001). Similarly, median intraoperative remifentanil consumption did not differ between the block groups but was higher in the control group (QLB3, 1082 µg [IQR 805.5–1292.7]; ESPB, 1278 µg [940.2–1297.5]; control, 1561 µg [1315–2068]; P < 0.001). The number of patients receiving rescue analgesic medication was similar in the block groups but higher in the control group (QLB3, n = 9 [30%]; ESPB, n = 14 [46.7%]; control, n = 21 [70%]; P = 0.008). Conclusions: QLB3 and ESPB were adequate and comparable in providing postoperative analgesia as part of multimodal analgesia after PCNL. Trial registration: The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05822492). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study objective We report a novel block technique aimed to provide lumbosacral, abdominal, and hip analgesia: The quadro-iliac plane (QIP) block. Design A cadaveric examination that evaluates the spread of QIP block. Setting Cadaver laboratory. Patients One unembalmed cadaver. Interventions Bilateral ultrasound-guided QIP blocks on cadavers with 40 mL of methylene blue %0.5 each side. Measurements Dye spread in cadaver. Main results There was staining in the deep interfascial plane of the erector spinae muscles. Extensive staining of the interfascial plane corresponding to the posterior aspect of the quadratus lumborum muscle (QLM) was observed. There was extensive staining on the anterior surface of the QLM. There was spread of dye traversing along the transversalis fascia and significantly infiltrating retroperitoneal fat tissue. Bilateral staining of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves was observed. On the right, there was minimal staining over the subcostal nerve. There was dye present bilaterally within the deep regions of the transverse processes. The lumbar plexus was stained on both sides. Conclusion The local anesthetic applied from a place where the QLM reaches its largest volume and the fascial plane creates a closed gap in the caudal area may exhibit a more rounded and extensive spread. Quadro-iliac plane block, involves the administration of local anesthetic to the posterior aspect of the QLM at its origin from the iliac crest. According to our cadaver study, this technique may be a promising option for alleviating acute and chronic pain in the lumbosacral, lower abdominal, and hip regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to compare the fattening performances, some slaughter and carcass characteristics of 10-month-old Hereford (HER) and Angus (ANG) steers fed a high roughage with the same care and feeding conditions in Türkiye. A total of 40 steers, 20 HER and 20 ANG from the same herd, were selected as homogeneously and randomly divided into two groups. The average body weights of the breeds were determined as 276.85±9.70 and 288.10±9.86 kg, respectively, and the differences between the breeds were insignificant (P>0.050). All animals were fed ad-libitum with two different Total Mixed Rations (TMRs) prepared with a concentrate: roughage ratio of 34:66% during the fattening. In the experiment, fattening feed containing 14.12% crude protein (CP) and 2671 kcal/kg metabolic energy (ME) for the first 300 days and fattening finisher feed containing 14.11% CP and 2717 kcal/kg ME for the last 45 days were used. At the end of the study, which lasted for a total of 345 days, the 1 kg live weight costs of the animals were calculated. Differences were insignificant between the two breeds in terms of body weights, final weights (slaughter weights), total weight gains, daily live weight gains, daily dry matter consumption, feed conversion ratios, hot and cold carcass weights, head weight to carcass ratio and longissimus muscle area (LMA) during fattening (P>0.050). Head and skin weights (P=0.000 and P=0.003) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) (P=0.000) were higher in the HER breed. The profit ratio with the cost did not change. It was concluded that both breeds had similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Molecular genetic approaches have been developed over the last half-century to identify genetic variation associated with economically important growth performance and carcass characteristics. In the livestock sector, identifying and localizing the genes responsible for each trait, as well as selecting beneficial alleles based on live animal experiments, meat production, and nutritional quality, have played an essential role in improving productivity. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between IGF1 5′UTR polymorphisms and various growth and carcass parameters of meat-type sheep breeds raised in Turkey. A total of eight nucleotide changes were identified that were able to characterize three IGF1 5′UTR variants, and certain variants were associated with variations in chest width and leg circumference. The P1 variants had a leaner profile and the P2 variants had a higher percentage of rack and loin. Nucleotide sequence variations in IGF1 5′UTR could, thus, be exploited for marker-assisted selection in order to enhance growth and production attributes and carcass quality. This investigation was conducted to determine how the growth and carcass traits of meat-type sheep breeds raised in Turkey are associated with IGF1 5′UTR polymorphisms. Overall, 202 lambs from five breeds were evaluated. We identified eight nucleotide changes (seven substitutions and one deletion) in three variants of IGF1 5′UTR by SSCP analysis and nucleotide sequencing. It was found that the P1 variants had a unique deletion (g.171328230 delT), while the P2 variants were identified by SNPs rs401028781, rs422604851, and g.171328404C > Y. The P3 variants possessed one heterozygous substitution (g.171328260G > R) and three homozygous substitutions (g.171328246T > A, g.171328257T > G, g.171328265T > C) not observed in P1 or P2. Based on the growth and production traits, a statistically significant difference was found only in chest width at weaning (p < 0.01) and leg circumferences at yearling (p < 0.05). The P1 variants showed a leaner profile with a higher Musculus longissimus dorsi, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). The P2 variants had a higher percentage of rack (p < 0.01) and loin (p > 0.05). Moreover, there was no discernible difference between variants, even though the P3 variants had a higher percentage of neck and leg and the P1 variants had a higher percentage of the shoulder. It is concluded that nucleotide changes in IGF1 5′UTR could be exploited utilizing a marker-assisted selection technique to increase growth and production attributes, as well as carcass quality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pastirma is a traditional dry-cured meat product of Turkey, produced from whole beef or muscles of water buffalo. Studies on the microbial diversity of pastirma generally focus on the final product. In this study, we aimed to determine the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dynamics during the pastirma production process. Samples were obtained from a commercial producer at four different production stages (after curing, after first drying, before çemen coating, and final product). During the production, the pH level slightly increased from -5.6 to 5.8, while the water activity (aw) decreased to -0.86 until çemen addition, after which it increased to 0.89. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and LAB counts increased during the production stages reaching 7.15 and 6.64 log cfu/g, respectively. The most dominant LAB for all stages was Latilactobacillus sakei group with a relative abundance (RA) of 52-73% RA. Weissella species W. viridescens and W. halotolerans followed the L. sakei group. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene indicated that all L. sakei isolates were of subsp. carnosus, however, (GTG)5 fingerprinting demonstrated a high degree of intraspecies variation. Moreover, fingerprinting analysis showed that L. sakei isolates of specific fingerprinting groups were selected towards the final production stages. The present study elucidates how the LAB diversity changes both at the species and intraspecies level during pastirma production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of bilateral erector spinae plane (ESP) block and superficial parasternal intercostal plane (S-PIP) + ESP block in acute post-sternotomy pain following cardiac surgery. Methods: Forty-seven patients aged between 18 and 80 years of age with American Society of Anesthesiologists class II–III due to undergo median sternotomy for cardiac surgery were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Following randomization into two groups, one group received bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP and the other S-PIP plus ESP block. Morphine consumption within the first 24 h after surgery was the primary outcome of the study while NRS scores at rest, NRS scores when coughing, time taken until extubation, use of rescue analgesic, presence of nausea/vomiting, length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and patient satisfaction were secondary outcome measures. Results: Morphine use up to 24 h following surgery was statistically significantly different between the ESP block and ESP + S-PIP block groups (18.63 ± 6.60 [15.84–21.41] mg/24 h vs 14.41 ± 5.38 [12.08–16.74] mg/24 h, p = 0.021). The ESP + S-PIP block group had considerably reduced pain scores compared to the ESP block group across all time points. Rescue analgesics were required in 21 (87.5%) patients in the ESP block group and seven (30.4%) in the ESP + S-PIP group (p < 0.001). PONV, length of stay in the ICU and hospital, and time to extubation were similar between groups. Conclusions: In open cardiac surgery, the combination of ESP and S-PIP blocks lowers pain scores and postoperative morphine requirement of patients. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials Registration No: NCT05191953, Registration Date: 14/01/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: With this study, it was aimed to investigate whether the thoracic muscle mass of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 was related to disease severity and disease characteristics and to evaluate whether muscle mass measurement had a predictive effect on predicting disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty-three subjects (patient group = 161 and control = 62) who presented to our coronavirus disease 2019 outpatient clinic between May 2020 and September 2020 were included in the study. The medication, oxygen, and intubation requirements of the patients and their disease duration and hospital stay were also recorded. At the T4 level, thoracic and back (pectoralis, intercostalis, paraspinals, serratus, and latissimus dorsi) muscles and at the T12 level erector spinae muscles were measured in terms of area (cm²). RESULTS: T4-level muscle cross-sectional area results were found to be negatively correlated with the presence of pneumonia and the requirement of oxygen and intubation. In addition, both T4- and T12-level muscle cross-sectional area results were factors associated with oxygen and intubation requirements. T4-level muscle cross-sectional area results were also associated with the presence of pneumonia. CONCLUSION: We predict that there may be a relationship between the decrease in the mass of the accessory respiratory muscles and the severity of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is set out to evaluate the effects of callipyge (CLPG) gene, attributed to sheep affecting growth and meat quality, on carcass and sensory trait of most preferred meat-type lamb (Kıvırcık, Karacabey Merino, Ramlıç, German Black-Head Mutton x Kıvırcık, Hampshire Down x Merino) in the western part of Turkey. Two datasets were used: (i) 177 lambs (66 males, 111 females) to determine genotype and allele frequencies; (ii) 48 genotypically identified male lambs for the assessment of carcass and meat sensory quality. It was found that homozygous (NN) and heterozygous (MN) conditions of the CLPG gene were observed in all sheep breeds, except Ramlıç which exhibits only NN. No significant differences were observed in CLPG genotypes for slaughter weight, cold carcass weight, and cold dressing percentage (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the effect of genotype on neck percentage was significant (p < 0.01), and lambs expressing CLPG genotype (MN) had a higher neck percentage. Not significantly, but numerically the MN genotype had a higher percentage of the shoulder, rack, and leg than the NN genotype, while the NN genotype had a higher percentage of loin (p > 0.05). Similarly, the effect of genotype on meat quality assessment was not significant (p > 0.05); however, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the NN genotype were higher than the MN genotype. Indeed, no interaction between genotype and time was observed on the color parameter of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at various storage periods (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that all meat-type sheep breeds (except Ramlıç) were polymorphic, suggesting that heterozygous individuals who received the CLPG mutation from the sire should be adopted in selection programs to improve carcass traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, one of the concerns of consumers of animal protein sources is bacterial contamination and the residue of heavy metals in meat and by-products. The zoonotic infection can risk human health and accumulation of heavy metals in meat and its consumption by humans can cause acute and chronic disorders in the function of vital organs. For evaluation of Campylobacter contamination and estimation of cadmium and zinc in Turkey meat, 100 Turkey breast and thigh samples and 100 of heart and liver samples that supplied in markets in Isfahan province (Central of Iran) were collected. After tissue digestion and passing from filter paper, the elements of cadmium and zinc were measured in tissue samples by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. After isolation of Campylobacter, the C. jejuni and C. coli were detected by LAMP technique. The results of Campylobacter isolation and detection in Turkey meat samples showed Campylobacter was isolated from 20 Turkey meat samples (20%) that in LAMP, 16 samples harbored the genome of C. jejuni (80%) and the genome of C. coli was identified in 4 samples of Turkey meats (40%). The mean (±SD) of cadmium concentration in Turkey thigh, breast, liver and heart samples was 0.068 ± 0.031, 0.055 ± 0.038, 0.084 ± 0.061, and 0.033 ± 0.025 mg/kg, respectively. Mean (±SD) of zinc concentration in Turkey thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 19.82 ±12.46, 16.81 ± 13.03, 26.22 ± 16.20, and 22.70 ± 11.53 mg/kg, respectively. The amount of cadmium and zinc in all examined samples is below the international permissible limit. Since, the heavy metal residues and bacterial contamination in food animal can risk human health, so observing the standard principles of cultivation and processing of poultry feed inputs and continuous monitoring of bacterial contamination and metal residue in poultry meat is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, deficits in red meat resources in Turkey are caused by the import of red meat from different countries. Anatolian buffaloes used in this research are a species that can contribute to red meat production in Turkey. This study was performed to determine the slaughter and carcass traits of Anatolian buffaloes at different slaughter weights. Twenty weaned male Anatolian buffalo calves of about 5 months old, at an average live weight of 100 kg, were used as the animal specimen in the present study. The calves were fed with 30:70 roughage (alfalfa hay = 18.07% crude protein, 2186.90 kcal kg-1 metabolic energy DM): concentrate feed (cattle fattening feed = 16.40% crude protein, 2696.94 kcal kg-1 metabolic energy DM). The calves were randomly distributed into 4 different slaughter weight (SW) groups of GI (200 kg; n = 5), GII (250 kg; n = 5), GIII (300 kg; n = 5), and GIV (350 kg; n = 5). The results showed that hot and cold carcass ratios (P < 0.01) and carcass chilling loss increased with increasing slaughter weights. Except for head, feet, and kidney weight, the differences in all of the other organ weights of the SW groups were not statistically significant. The differences in all of the investigated carcass measurements of the SW groups were detected to be significant (P < 0.05). Although total carcass conformation index values increased with increasing slaughter weights, only the differences in the carcass compactness values of the SW groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Except for chunk, short loin, sirloin, rump, and flank ratios, the differences in all of the other carcass section ratios of the SW groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to determine the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs of Eşme Kıvırcığı (EKIV), Bursa Kıvırcığı (BKIV), Çine Çaparı (CC) and Karya (KAR) sheeps. A total of 37 male lambs at the age of 3.5 months formed the animal material. Fattening period is 56 days. During slaughtering, head, feet, skin, liver, hot carcass weights were determined and hot carcass yield was calculated. Each carcass was cut out into 7 parts. The overall average of daily weight gain was 144.82 g. While the highest daily live weight gain was observed in the KAR, the CC had the lowest value. The total share of the rump, shoulders, back and arms are 57.65%, 66.85%, 65.80% and 67.12% for CC, EKIV, KAR and BKIV, respectively. The effect of the genotype on all the characteristics other than cooling loss is important. In terms of dressing percentage value, the ranking was CC, BKIV, KAR and EKIV from the highest to the lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Erector spinae plane (ESP) block has been increasingly suggested for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) as a part of multimodal analgesia in many studies. However, there is not any study that investigated the perioperative effects of ESP block on anesthetic agent consumption and cost of LC anesthesia. This is the first study that evaluates the effect of ESP block in terms of cost-effectiveness, intraoperative consumption of inhalation agents, and perioperative consumption of opioids. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 81 patients who underwent LC were included. Patients were divided into two groups: In Group ESP (n = 39) bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP block was performed in preoperative period and in Group non-ESP (n = 42) ESP block was not performed. After standard general anesthesia protocol, anesthesia was maintained with 2% sevoflurane in 50% air and 50% oxygen with controlled ventilation in both groups. All patients were monitored with electrocardiography, noninvasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and bispectral index. The consumption of sevoflurane and opioids in the intraoperative and postoperative 24 hours was recorded. The costs of drugs were determined by multiplying total consumed amounts with unit prices. Results: The costs and the consumed amounts of remifentanyl, sevoflurane, and tramadol were significantly higher in non-ESP group in the perioperative period (respectively, P < .001, P = .01, and P < .001). Conclusions: ESP block for LC decreased the consumed amount and cost of inhaled agents and opioids in the perioperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC-MS/MS was used to determine the amino acid composition in muscle, ovary and liver of whiting, Merlangus merlangus euxinus, caught off the coast of Sinop province in the Black Sea. A total of 19 amino acids (AA) were found in the different samples. The essential amino acids (EAA) in the different tissues of whiting were 55.9% in the meat, 54.8% in the ovary and 51.7% in the liver of the total amino acids. The AA contents except for Arg, Glu, Pro and Tau in meat and ovary of whiting were not significantly different (P > 0.05), but the AA contents except for Cys, Tyr, Asp, Orn and Tau of these two tissues were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the AA contents of the liver. These results showed that whiting ovaries have approximately as much protein as the meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has recently expanded its range northwards to include the Balkans, Turkey and Russia. Because there was no solid evidence conclusively verifying the transmission mechanism in the field and LSDV viraemic animals with overt and asymptomatic presentation of disease and their products may represent a risk as an indirect transmission pathway. In this work, we used PCR positivity and infectivity in clinical and subclinical infection to evaluate the safety of meat and offal products from cows infected with the virulent LSDV strain Russia/Dagestan/2015. At day 21 post infection, seven of the 12 animals developed the generalized disease, and four animals became subclinically infected without apparent clinical signs. Upon examination and necropsy, the animals with the generalized disease had skin lesions; noticeably enlarged lymph nodes; and lesions in the lungs, trachea and testicles; whereas subclinically ill animals exhibited only enlarged lymph nodes and fever. For both disease presentations, testing of skeletal meat by PCR and virus isolation showed that the skeletal meat did not contain live virus or viral genome, whereas in cattle with generalized disease, meat with gross pathology physically connected under the site of a skin lesion was positive for the live virus. In subclinical infection, only enlarged lymph nodes carried the infectious virus, while the other internal organs tested in both types of disease manifestation were negative except for the testicles. Overall, our findings demonstrate that clinically and subclinically infected animals are reservoirs of live LSDV in lymph nodes and testicles, whereas deep skeletal meat in both types of infection do not carry live virus and the risk of transmission through this product seems very low. The detection of LSDV in testicular tissues in subclinically ill animals is concerning because of the potential to spread infection through contaminated semen. This aspect requires reconsideration of surveillance programmes to identify these Trojan horses of LSDV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Domestic turkeys have been bred to reach a body mass of up to three times that of wild turkeys. Most of this increase is from larger muscles, but it is unclear exactly how the components of each muscle have been altered and what that may mean for muscle function. In this study, we looked for potential differences between wild and domestic turkeys in (1) the size of the individual muscle fibers and (2) the collagenous skeleton that supports those fibers in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle, an ankle extensor important for walking. We also measured the force this muscle could produce. The domestic turkey muscle had a greater number of smaller muscle fibers than the wild turkey. The amount of collagen in the domestic turkey muscle was also lower than wild turkeys, likely contributing to meat tenderness. While the domestic turkey lateral gastrocnemius muscles could produce the same amount of force per a given area of muscle, they could only produce half as much force per unit body mass. Selection for increased muscle mass has altered the structure of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle; however, overall body mass likely contributes more to hind limb functional differences observed in the domestic turkey. Selection for increased muscle mass in domestic turkeys has resulted in muscles twice the size of those found in wild turkeys. This study characterizes muscle structural changes as well as functional differences in muscle performance associated with selection for increased muscle mass. We compared peak isometric force production, whole muscle and individual fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), connective tissue collagen concentration and structure of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle in wild and adult domestic turkeys. We also explored changes with age between juvenile and adult domestic turkeys. We found that the domestic turkey's LG muscle can produce the same force per cross-sectional area as a wild turkey; however, due to scaling, domestic adults produce less force per unit body mass. Domestic turkey muscle fibers were slightly smaller in CSA (3802 ± 2223 μm2) than those of the wild turkey (4014 ± 1831 μm2, p = 0.013), indicating that the absolutely larger domestic turkey muscles are a result of an increased number of smaller fibers. Collagen concentration in domestic turkey muscle (4.19 ± 1.58 μg hydroxyproline/mg muscle) was significantly lower than in the wild turkeys (6.23 ± 0.63 μg/mg, p = 0.0275), with visible differences in endomysium texture, observed via scanning electron microscopy. Selection for increased muscle mass has altered the structure of the LG muscle; however, scaling likely contributes more to hind limb functional differences observed in the domestic turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]