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This study aims to evaluate the impact of a distance professional development course, within the framework of the Preschool Situational Self-Regulation Program (PRSIST), on the knowledge, beliefs, and skills of early childhood education teachers about self-regulation skills. One of the qualitative methods, the case study, was preferred for the current study. The research was conducted with 5 early childhood education teachers, working in a city in middle Anatolia, Turkey. The teachers attended the synchronous distance professional development course 1 day a week for 5 weeks. The total duration of the five sessions was 120 minutes. Interview forms, reflective journals, and documents were used as data collection tools. As a result of the research, it was found that the course had positive impact on teachers' knowledge, skills, and beliefs about self-regulation skills.

The primary purpose of this study is to shed light on the direct correlation found between team learning skills and teachers' moral commitment and to use moral commitment as a tool to reveal the indirect effect of these team learning skills on teachers' career commitment. Keeping this purpose in mind, three different scales (the Learning School Scale, Moral Commitment Scale, and Career Commitment Scale) obtained data via Google Forms from 448 teachers working in the province of Düzce in northwest Turkey during the spring semester 2020-2021 academic years. The SPSS 25 and AMOS21 statistical software programs analyzed the data gathered in this study, and structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses generated from the data. Results obtained from programs show that while team learning doesn't directly predict teachers' career commitment, it indirectly predicts career commitment due to moral commitment. Moral commitment is the mediator variable that uncovers the relationship between team learning and career commitment (indicating complete mediation).

Global warming is the most serious problem of our age. The most permanent measure to be taken against this problem is to ensure that individuals receive an effective and well-equipped education, free from misconceptions, which are obstacles to the efficiency of education. In this study, it is aimed to develop a four-stage diagnostic test that can reveal the misconceptions of pre-service science teachers about global warming. The sample of the study, in which the survey approach was used, consists of 401 pre-service teachers studying in the science teaching department at different universities in Turkey. The results show that the test is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the misconceptions, scientific knowledge, and lack of knowledge about global warming. In the study, the factor with the highest percentage of pre-service science teachers' scientific knowledge and misconceptions was the consequences of global warming, while the factor with the highest percentage of lack of knowledge was calculated as the greenhouse effect factor. It is recommended to use the test to determine the current situation regarding the level and areas where the misconceptions of individuals are concentrated to improve the missing or faulty areas in the science curriculum.

This case study aimed to reveal the reflections of pre-service English teachers on online teaching practicum procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish EFL context. There were 20 participants, and the data were gathered through an online interview form. The interview items focused on course requirements, observation tasks, mentor-supervisor feedback, and benefits and challenges of online teaching procedures. The gathered data were subjected to summative content analysis and the results indicated that although the participants mentioned various professional gains, the challenges of online teaching practicum experiences outweighed its benefits. In light of the findings, it can be claimed that relevant stakeholders can be offered training about online teaching practices, and the existing infrastructure can be improved in the form of hybrid settings in order to facilitate transition to online educational platforms and to improve university-school collaboration in the future.

This phenomenological research aimed to investigate the reflections of 34 pre-service English teachers and 31 lecturers on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. An online interview form was employed as data collection tool. The participants were sent the online form to collect their reflections on their online learning/teaching experiences during the pandemic. These reflections were analysed using phenomenological research steps. At the end of the analyses, distance education was found to be useful for improving the participants' technological literacy skills and delivering theoretical courses. However, it was found to be inappropriate for practical courses such as teaching practicum and community service practices. Furthermore, the participants used various metaphors to define their online teaching/learning experiences like emergency exit, one-sided mirror, frozen lake, growing in a cage, driving a car, and sky. The participants mostly did not receive any training before using the online platform. In light of the findings, it can be claimed that necessary arrangements should be made to improve the quality of online learning platforms and both pre-service English teachers and their lecturers should receive training to benefit from distance education more effectively. In this way, pre-service English teachers can be better prepared for their future teaching in case of distance education.

The present study investigated the effects of the cognitive enhancement training (COGENT) program on the reading skills (reading speed, reading errors, and reading comprehension) and writing skills (dictation and text copying) of students with specific learning disabilities (SLD). The study was conducted with an experimental design. The study group consisted of 16 Turkish students. The treatment-group students (n = 8) were administered COGENT for 6 weeks and 12 sessions. After the training, semi-structured interviews were made with the treatment-group students and their teachers for social validity. The results suggest that the COGENT improved the reading speed, reading comprehension, and dictation skills and reduced reading errors of the treatment-group students. However, there was no significant difference in text copying. Findings obtained from the interviews showed that the students liked the program and wanted it to continue. The teachers stated that they observed improvements in their students' literacy skills and some social skills.

Sustainable development is an interdisciplinary structure that includes the dimensions of environment, economy and society. The aim of this research was to determine the sustainable development awareness of science, social studies and primary school teachers. The research designed with the survey approach was carried out with 2982 teachers working in different regions of Turkey in 2019. In the research, Sustainable Development Awareness Scale consisting of 3 sub-dimensions and 36 items developed by Atmaca, Kiray and Pehlivan (2019) was used. Significance level was taken as 0.05 in the analyses that examined the signification between the groups. As a result of the research, no significant difference was found between the teachers' sustainable development awareness and their branches and years of service, while a significant difference was found between the teachers' ages and gender and their sustainable development awareness scores.

Raising the sustainable development awareness is of great importance for the continuation of the world's livability. Teachers have a great responsibility in order for individuals to make sustainable development a part of their lives. For this reason, teachers need to be individuals with sustainable development awareness. In this study, it was aimed to develop a scale for determining the sustainable development awareness of teacher candidates. The developed scale consists of three sub-dimensions including economy, society, and environment and a total of 36 items. 425 science teacher candidates from seven state universities in Turkey participated in the research. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the overall scale was calculated as 0.91. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the validity of the scale. In light of the analyses, the scale was found to possess the qualifications to determine the sustainable development awareness of science teacher candidates.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the parents' success pressure, academic stress and fear of negative evaluation on high school students' self-esteem. The relationships between self-esteem and parent's pressure for academic success, fear of negative evaluation and academic stress on high school students were investigated employing structural equation modelling. The data were collected from 499 students studying at an Anatolian high school in Duzce province with purposeful sampling method. The characteristic of this school is a project school with successful students who get the highest score in the High School Entrance Examination. The result demonstrates that parental pressure for academic achievement on students and associated academic stress increase students' fear of being evaluated negatively at school, which in turn affects students' self-esteem. The fear of negative evaluation is a partial mediator between parental pressure and self-esteem, and full mediation between academic stress and self-esteem.

In this study, the school engagement of high school students was examined in terms of educational motivation and perceived social support. The data was obtained from 826 secondary school students in Düzce in 2017-2018 academic year. The School Engagement Scale, the Educational Motivation Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used in the study. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Stepwise Multiple Regression were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, there isn't a statistically significant difference between educational motivation and the gender of the students. However, there is a significant difference in the peer support sub-dimension of perceived social support. The peer support average score of female students is higher than that of male students. There is no significant difference in commitment to school when the gender of the students considered. However, the psychological commitment of male students is higher than female students. Also, there is no significant difference in educational motivation among students. There is a significant difference in peer support sub-dimension of perceived social support according to the grades of students. There is also a significant difference in the sub-dimension of psychological commitment in regards to school commitment. Commitment to school amongst 12th-grade students is higher than others. The results of the correlation showed that when educational motivation increases, students' perceived social motivation increases, too. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between perceived social support and school engagement. Furthermore, regression results revealed that social support predicts school commitment. [Note: The page range (469-508) shown via the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is p469-507.]

Using a free-recall paradigm, we explored the effects of age of acquisition and category size on verbal fluency in Turkish Sign Language (Türk Isaret Dili [TID]). We studied the semantic and phonological fluency task performances of deaf native and deaf late adult signers. We measured the number of correct responses and performed a time course analysis to observe how signers engage in lexical retrieval. Each task parameter had three difficulty settings corresponding to the size of the selected phonological and semantic categories. The results show that native TID signers produced more correct responses. However, the results reveal no relation between the age of acquisition and the retrieval rate since participants maintained close subsequent response times. This indicates that participants had similar lexical access. Furthermore, the number of signs that the participants produced decreased as the level of difficulty (as a function of category size) increased. Therefore, phonological and semantic category size was found to be a suitable measure for categorical difficulty in TID. We conclude that both groups of signers update information in the working memory and engage in lexical access similarly, but delayed acquisition of TID results in a smaller search set in the mental lexicon.

This study aims to find out and compare the perspectives of both pre-service and in-service English teachers about the generic and field-specific teacher competencies in Turkish EFL context. 213 pre-service and 38 in-service English teachers participated in the study. Qualitative research methods were utilized to gather and analyse the data. The findings indicate that there is uniformity between the pre-service and in-service participants. It was also found that mostly the participant English teachers were uninformed about these competencies and they were found to have contrasting opinions about the related competencies because some of them do not find these competencies sufficient or realistic enough while some of them see these competencies as a way of professionalism. They also make some suggestions about how to integrate these competencies into existing teacher training system.

This study aims to find out and compare the perspectives of pre-service and in-service English teachers about the role of an English teachers. The study adopted a qualitative research design and a written interview protocol (WIP) was used to gather data. 292 pre-service teachers receiving education in English Language Teaching (ELT) Department at four different state universities and 49 in-service English teachers from 14 cities in Turkey participated in the study. Constant comparison method was used to interpret and categorise the qualitative findings. In light of the data analysis, 17 major teacher roles emerged: model, facilitator, guide, prompter, counsellor, consultant, supporter, organizer, authority, observer, mentor, motivator, helper, speaker, leader, friend and participant. There were both similarities and differences between the two groups of participants. For example, "model" had the highest frequency in both groups because 75 pre-service and 10 in-service participants stated that an English teacher should be a model for their students in terms of linguistic accuracy and fluency. However, some pre-service teachers saw English teachers as a prompter, counsellor, consultant, supporter, organizer, authority, observer and participant whereas there were no in-service teachers referring to these roles. To catch up with the changing nature of teaching and meet the expectations, pre-service teachers should be exposed to real classroom settings, observed and given feedback accordingly. As for in-service teachers, they should be mentored by a more knowledgeable or experienced peer and directed by inspectors and authorities based on their weak and strong points.

Interest against the science, to increase permanence of learned theoretical knowledge can be provided via visual, auditory and tactile science and technology lessons in schools. Museums are seen as the key learning areas that aim to reinforce the learning and to show concrete face of science. Easy and comfortable transportation to museums in major cities is a big advantage comparing to the students who live in provincial cities and does not have same chance. In order to give a chance to those students, the elementary schools students in the five district of Eastern Anatolia Region experienced their first journey to a natural history museum in TURKEY. This educational journey to Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy Natural History Museum was supported by TUBITAK. The study was carried out to help student observe and experience the natural museum from children's perspectives. Children perspectives' about Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy Natural History Museum comprises of three categories, which are expectations and estimates, experiences (Subcategories are observation and emotional experiences) and reflections of attitude.

Teacher-student negotiation in terms of corrective feedback types for written language production has been studied in some ESL (English as a Second Language) contexts. However, there needs to be more studies in some other contexts. Therefore, this study aims to find out the similarities and differences between students' and teachers' perceptions about written corrective feedback in an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context and provide educational implications in written error treatment. For this purpose, 34 EFL teachers and 34 EFL learners were administered a questionnaire and some open-ended questions, and the gathered data were analyzed with statistical procedures and descriptive qualitative analyses. Although it was found out that there are no significant differences (t (66) = 0.406; p > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of amount and type of written corrective feedback, there exist some differences in the findings of the open-ended questions. Furthermore, some differences were fixed even within the same group, that is, there are differences in the adoption of written corrective feedback among students or teachers themselves. If teachers inform their students about what kind of written feedback will be given and what is expected from students at the onset of writing instruction, students will gain consciousness about their roles in learning and the value of the feedback in the long term.

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a devastating complication of COVID-19 with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we reported the frequency, characteristics, and outcome of AIS in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This multicenter and cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and February 2021. Among the hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the detailed characteristics of those with and without AIS were recorded and compared. Results: Six hundred ninety-three patients were included in the study. Acute ischemic stroke was detected in 16 (2.31%) patients, the median age was 77 (range, 48-91) years, and 10 (62.5%) were female. The median NIHSS score at admission was 9 (range, 3-17). Total anterior circulation infarction (TACI) was the most common (37.5%) type and cardioembolism was the most common etiology (37.5%). Nine patients (56.25%) developed AIS within 24 hours of having COVID-19. COVID-19 severity was severe or critical in seven patients (43.75%). Eight patients died, and eight were discharged. Patients with AIS had a higher rate of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, a history of myocardial infarction, a history of cerebrovascular disease, severe and critical COVID-19, a higher mean age, and a longer ICU stay compared with those without AIS (p<0.001 for each). Conclusions: AIS can occur in patients with COVID-19 and is associated with mortality. Acute ischemic stroke is encountered at any stage of COVID-19, especially within the first 72 hours of the diagnosis, in older patients with comorbidities and severe COVID-19. There is an increased risk of AIS in patients with COVID-19 with a history of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to examine the school experiences of incarcerated Turkish young delinquents and reveal how these negative experiences affected their descent into delinquency. In order to carry out the study, official permission to meet with 10 young delinquents, currently being held in the Youth Detention Centre in Ankara (capital of Türkiye) and convicted of various crimes, has been obtained from the Turkish Ministry of Justice. Interviews have been conducted in three separate sessions. Study findings have revealed that the school experiences of young delinquents have been overwhelmingly negative and that they have started committing crimes while still being enrolled in school. Additionally, it has been found that they defied school rules and maintained social connections with individuals engaged in unlawful activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This randomized, double‐blind clinical investigation assessed the performance of two high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer systems and a bulk‐fill composite in different cavity types. Materials and Methods: In 146 participants, 360 (class I, II, and V) cavities were restored using three different materials (Equia Forte HT, Chemfill Rock, and SonicFill 2) with equal allocation. Using modified World Dental Federation criteria, restorations were assessed after 1 week, 6 months, and 18 months by an experienced examiner. Statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon signed rank tests (α = 0.05). Results: After 18 months, 267 restorations were assessed in 116 participants. After 18 months, 5 Equia Forte HT restorations failed due to debonding and fracture. Only one loss was observed in the Chemfill Rock restorations. Equia Forte HT exhibited significantly lower retention than SonicFill 2 after 18 months (p = 0.019), irrespective of cavity type. At 1 week, 3 Class I restorations with SF showed postoperative sensitivity. The type of cavity did not affect the performance of the restorative materials used (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Equia Forte HT and Chemfill Rock presented similar clinical performance regardless of color match. Equia Forte HT showed a lower performance compared to SonicFill 2. Clinical significance: Glass‐hybrid materials presented a lower performance in terms of color match or retention when compared to a sculptable bulk‐fill composite resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, originated in China and swiftly spread globally, resulting in significant mortality worldwide. We aimed to create an overview of the significant symptoms, clinical indicators, and concurrent comorbidities observed in COVID-19 patients that require hospitalization and neurology consultation, adversely affecting the severe course of the disease and leading to mortality. Materials and Methods: We designed our study as a multicenter and cross-sectional survey, which was conducted with patients hospitalized in seven medical centers in Türkiye over six months. Results: A cohort of 504 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. In terms of the complaints at the time of admission, high fever (48%), cough (45%), sore throat (23%), and diarrhea (9%) were the most common symptoms expressed by the patients. The most commonly observed symptoms included myalgia (55%), headache (46%), loss of taste (46%), and loss of smell (39%). Furthermore, 68 patients (13.5%) within the cohort had a history of neurological diseases, distributed as follows: cerebrovascular attack (4%), migraine (2.8%), extrapyramidal disease (1.8%), dementia (1%), polyneuropathy (1%), epilepsy (0.6%), and demyelinating disease (0.6%). In the logistic regression analysis, key factors affecting mortality were identified as body mass index and age. Conclusion: The most common complaints in COVID-19 patients were high fever and sore throat. Fatigue, myalgia, headache, loss of smell, and taste were the most common symptoms. Accompanying comorbid diseases increased the severity of COVID-19 disease. Advanced age and body mass index were effective factors on mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the urban centers of Türkiye, where cultural changes are more widespread and effective, wedding processional is replaced by the solemnization of the marriage at indoor weddings, and the Kūdegū (old Turkic language; refers to bridegroom, son-in-law) awaiting the bride's arrival at the boy's house is replaced by differences in the way of the bride and groom's entry together; moreover, while wedding rituals such as the bridal bath and groom's hammam are being forgotten, bachelor/bachelorette parties are on the rise. The beliefs and practices related to the bride being taken out of the girl's house with a special ceremony have deep meanings, such as blessing the bride who has just joined the family, acclimatizing the bride who feels like an outsider and avoiding her from these feelings, and protecting the bride and groom from the körmös (spirits in Turkic mythology, devilish entities living in the underworld), bad spirits, and the evil eye. In this paper, the structure, function, practices, and beliefs of the rituals surrounding the bride and groom on the last day of Anatolian Turkish weddings are analyzed using a qualitative research method. In addition, this study identified the betrothal, performance, beliefs, and practices surrounding the ritual of "bridal pick up" among Anatolian Turks and evaluated the symbols and signs in the ritual procedures in the functional context of the origins and reflections of traditional Turkish beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the rates of depression, anxiety, and stress and quality of sleeping among COVID-19 patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case and control design has been employed, involving patients affected by COVID-19 infection (884 with T2DM vs. 884 controls without T2DM) and hospitalized in Istanbul (Turkey) from January to December 2021. A multivariate stepwise regression approach was used to test the associations between sociodemographic, metabolic, serum markers, mental health scores, and T2DM/COVID-19 patients' clinical presentation. A statistically significant difference between T2DM and non-T2DM was found with respect to age, gender, BMI (body mass index), smoking, physical exercise, and physical comorbidities as well as levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleeping disorders (0.0003 ≤ all p = 0.025). With regard to serum biomarkers, vitamin D and ferritin were identified as useful parameters of reduction of glycated hemoglobin as well as COVID-19 infection among T2DM patients. This study detected that 25% of patients with COVID-19 and T2DM experienced mental distress, with sleeping disturbances and lifestyle changes markedly impacting their clinical outcome alongside metabolic and serum parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education for sustainable development (ESD) guides and empowers educators to reshape their thinking style and move towards a sustainable future. It has attracted a lot of attention and been studied in different perspectives. However, contextual factors have not been studied in relation to sustainable development for teacher education. Therefore, this study aims to find out the possible effects of changing contextual factors on pre-service and in-service teachers in terms of sustainable education for their profession. For this purpose, 267 pre-service teachers from four different universities and 50 in-service teachers from 15 different cities participated in the study. Out of 317 participants, 245 stated that contextual factors influence their teaching habits adversely, while 54 reported that they ignored the outer factors. In light of the data gathered, it can be said that the participant teachers were mostly pessimistic about the effect of contextual differences on ESD. Based upon participant statements, a new theory emerged. According to this theory, there are personal (P), institutional (I), stakeholder-related (S), environmental (E) and training-related (T) factors which positively and/or negatively influence ESD in teacher education. In this regard, the new theory was formed with the first letters of the related factors and called P.I.S.E.T. These findings suggest that pre-service teachers should be exposed to various school settings during their practicum and in-service teachers should receive context-related support from the stakeholders to enhance their professional skills and act in line with the principles of ESD.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drug (OADs) treatment in Turkey. Methods: One hundred eight patients from 20 centers enrolled in the study. Starting from baseline, Gla-300 was self-administered subcutaneously and once daily in the evening. The primary outcome was the mean change in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline to week 24. Results: The mean (±SD) Hb1Ac level of 9.4% (±0.8) at baseline decreased to 7.5% (±0.9) at week 12 (P < .1) and to 7.3% (±0.9) at week 24 (P < .1). Although none of the patients were within the target Hb1Ac level of ≤7% at baseline, the percentage of patients who achieved the target Hb1Ac level was 30.4% at week 12 and increased to 42.9% at week 24. Gla-300 treatment achieved the Hb1Ac target in 21 (19.4%) patients without experiencing a hypoglycemic event and in 27 (25.0%) patients who experienced at least one hypoglycemic event. For each self-monitoring blood glucose time point, significant improvements were observed as compared to baseline (P < .001). Statistically significant improvement (P < .001) was seen in the treatment satisfaction questionnaire - status version scores between baseline and week 24. Conclusion: This study indicated that Gla-300 is effective to provide a successful glycemic control with low risk of hypoglycemia added to OADs in insulin-naive patients with T2DM, and it has the potential to improve the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify and evaluate some of the fertility characteristics of soils in stream beds in Şebinkarahisar district of the Giresun province of Türkiye, which has a transitional climate between semi-arid and humid climate zones. To this end, a total of 48 soil samples, surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-60/61/62/65 cm), were collected from 24 different sampling points on various stream beds. The textures of the surface and subsurface soils taken were determined as CL, SL, SCL, L, C, and LS. pH values of surface soils ranged from 5.84 to 7.98, and the pH values of subsurface soils ranged from 6.06 to 8.05. Lime contents of the soils without salinity problem ranged from 0.00% to 38.30% for surface soils, and from 0.00% to 37.90% for subsurface soils. Organic matter contents varied between 0.32% and 4.16% for surface soils, and between 0.14% and 2.16% for subsurface soils. While the soils were poor in total nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese, it was determined that the calcium and copper contents were at sufficient levels. Although deficiencies were detected in some soils for potassium, magnesium and iron, they were generally determined to be at sufficient levels. To deal with deficiencies of macro and micro plant nutrients, including deficiency of organic matter, a fertilization planning is recommended that includes barnyard manure, poultry manure, green manure, compost, vermicompost, and various organic fertilizers containing macro and micro elements. Within the scope of the research, climate classifications were also made according to Thornthwaite, De Martonne-Gottman and Erinç methods by had used 48 years (1965-2012) climate data of Şebinkarahisar district. Plant species and varieties to be grown in the study area should be selected from among those suitable to the transitional climate conditions prevailing in the region. It will also be useful to analyze the stream waters in the areas where soil sampling is done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest fires are highly destructive phenomena in both ecological and economic terms. Therefore, it is significant to develop measures to detect and mitigate them. In this study, the forest fire risk map of the Milas district of Turkey was studied using geographical information systems and remote sensing methods. In the first part of the study, the forest fire risk map of the area was developed via a weighted overlay technique with analysis of stand characteristics, topographic features, distance from intermittent streams and built-up environment. According to the resulting forest fire risk map, extremely low-, low-, medium-, high- and extremely high-risk classes covered 0%, 0.5%, 65%, 30% and 0.5% of the forested areas in Milas district of Turkey, respectively. In the second part, the location of a major forest fire, which took place in 2007 in the study area, was determined using the normalized difference vegetation index, the normalized burn ratio, and the burn area index. When compared with the forest fire risk map, it was revealed that 45% of the burned areas in 2007 fell into the high-risk class, while 51% of it was from the extremely high-risk zones. Moreover, the forest risk map was compared with eleven forest fire cases between 2013 and 2019. The results show that eight of these fires took place in high-risk territories. According to these results, it was concluded that the created risk map coincides with the fire incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On February 6, 2023, two major earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) occurred in the province of Kahramanmaraş in southern Türkiye at 9-h intervals, causing a lot of loss of life and destruction in the region where approximately 16% of the country's population lives. This study provides a comprehensive summary of common structural deficiencies that occurred in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in earthquake-prone cities and proposes actionable measures systematically for future disasters. The evaluated data are based on the field observations of the authors. The main reasons for damages in RC buildings in the observation field can be classified into two categories: (1) the errors during the design stage (strong beam–weak column, short column, soft story, pounding effects, the existence of short and unconfined lap splices, insufficient transverse reinforcement, column–beam connection failures), and (2) the errors during the construction stage (poor concrete quality, unribbed reinforcing steel bar and corrosion, incorrect placement of reinforcement bars, incorrect end hook angle and length, weak gable walls, workmanship defects). Furthermore, a comparative nonlinear finite element analysis of the seismic impacts caused by the first earthquake on an existing RC building fully collapsed in the earthquake was conducted as a case study considering Türkiye Building Earthquake Code 2018 [TBEC 2018] "Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği," Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara (in Turkish)]. The validity and accuracy of the reasons for damages, which were reached by the field observations, were also proven by numerical analysis results. The importance of complying with the regulations, conducting the performance evaluations and controls of the buildings according to the renewed earthquake regulations and, if necessary, repairing–strengthening works were emphasized. The loss of life and property after the earthquakes that we experienced on February 6, 2023, which were called the "Disaster of the Century", showed that Türkiye's current building stock, especially those built before a certain date, is insufficient against earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous quantitative studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the mother-child education programme (MOCEP) that originated in Turkey in 1993, the study reported here uses a qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of mothers' views of the outcomes of the programme. The study was conducted with 100 mothers from five different countries (Turkey, Belgium, Switzerland, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia) and designed to investigate their perceptions of the effects of the programme, and the essential factors in its effectiveness. In-depth interviews were used for data collection. The findings revealed that participant mothers perceived changes in their child's overall development and in the mother-child relationship, and indirect effects in their relationship with the child's father and the father's relationship with the child. Mothers also reported that the group meetings attended by all the mothers, the characteristics of the teacher and the curriculum of the cognitive education programme were important factors in the effectiveness of the programme. The results of the study regarding what mothers experienced and perceived as changes in children and in themselves were similar to the results obtained from previous quantitative research carried out to evaluate MOCEP. The present study, however, provides new information about how the programme works, why the mothers attended the programme and their experiences with their environment regarding the programme.

The search for effective inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to re-screening of existing potential molecules. Molecular docking and virtual screening techniques have been employed to identify potential drug candidates. Natural products, known for their wide variety and reduced toxicity, have gained significant attention in these screenings. Snake venom proteins, characterized by their diverse biological activities and unique molecular structures, offer a promising avenue for the discovery of new antiviral molecules. In this study, we focused on the investigation of snake venom proteins isolated from Echis carinatus, specifically Schistatin (SCH), Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), Disintegrin (DS), and Echistatin (ECH) for their potential as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Through molecular docking analysis, the binding interactions between these venom proteins and key SARS-CoV-2 targets, the main protease (Mpro), and the ACE2 receptor were examined. Results revealed that PLA2 exhibited the most favorable binding affinity to both Mpro and ACE2, surpassing the reference drug ritonavir (RTV). SCH, DS, and ECH also demonstrated promising binding affinities with both targets. This study sheds light on the unexplored potential of snake venom proteins, specifically PLA2, SCH, DS, and ECH from E. carinatus venom, as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. The exploration of snake venom proteins presents an intriguing avenue for the discovery of novel drug candidates with broad applications in the treatment of various diseases, including viral infections such as COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatologic lesions that occur primarily or are secondary to disease are among the most common reasons for referral to the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). This study aims to reveal the clinical features, diagnostic distribution, and management of patients who presented to the PED with dermatologic lesions The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study involving children aged 0–18 years who presented to Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, PED, in 2018 with dermatologic lesions. The SPSS−20 program was used for data analysis. A total of 1590 patients, 57.8% (919) male, were included in the study. The median age was 75 (minimum: 4 days; maximum: 17 years, 11 months) months. The frequency of dermatologic lesions was 4.33% (433/10,000). Allergic and infectious dermatologic lesions, which are the two most common skin lesions in all age groups, were seen in 46.2% (735) and 30.5% (485) (patients, respectively. Urticaria (n = 588, 37%) was the most common in allergic rashes, and viral rashes (n = 162, 10.2%) were the most common in infectious rashes. Ninety-four percent (1495) of the patients were discharged from the PED. Two patients were hospitalized and followed up as dermatologic emergencies. Urticaria and viral eruptions are common dermatologic lesions in our PED. Both conditions are easily recognized and treated by physicians. Most lesions do not require hospitalization. Dermatologic emergencies, although rare, should be well-known to physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical masonry structures, which constitute an important part of the historical heritage, exhibit brittle behavior under tensile stresses due to earthquakes or soil movements/settlements. Therefore, they are sensitive to deformation. The soil–structure interaction problems play an important role in the damage to historical masonry structures. Different settlements, slips, and deformations in foundations causes damage to, and/or partial collapse the load-bearing walls. This study provides a numerical simulation of a historic masonry building on the north coast of Turkey, dating from 19th century, which suffered severe damage due to soil settlement by excavation activity near the building. FE models of the building with and without the soil–structure system were created to identify the damage to the building following soil settlement. The height of the soil domain (bounded as a fixed boundary condition) was accepted in the range of 1.5 m to 15 m. The damage propagation between the numerically obtained damage and the existing damage to the building was detailed and compared. In terms of displacement, the maximum vertical and horizontal displacement values reflecting the existing damage to the building were determined as 22 mm and 85 mm, respectively. The soil depth of 6 m was also considered acceptable for deciding the soil–structure interaction. For this, the sum of the rigid basement and the soil depth can be selected to be equal to the total height of the building participating in free vibration. It was concluded that the numerical procedure employed provided an effective representation of existing damage to a building due to soil settlement. Moreover, the procedure described can be adopted for possible collapse simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatolian geography has functioned as a shelter for ancient civilizations by hosting various nations for many years. However, beginning from the first half of 11th century, Anatolia had been a new home for many Oghuz tribes. While coming from Central Asia, these tribes brought their nomadic lifestyle and cultural values to these lands. In this context, the role of language in cultural transmission is a fact accepted by all scientific authorities. A lot of information about social life in the minds of the people is kept alive and transferred with language. Turkey Turkish Dialects has a rich vocabulary incorporating various ethnic and linguistic data. Unfortunately, this rich vocabulary is disappearing day by day with the development of technology, the widespread use of mass media, the increase in the rate of literacy and the increase in migration from rural areas to city. Dictionary of Compilation, the dialect dictionary of Turkey Turkish, has emerged thanks to two large studies conducted in the 1930s and 1950s. However, there are some regions that were not included while creating this dictionary. At this point, there are many words that are used in common dialects but are not recorded in this dictionary. In this study, to contribute to the Dictionary of Compilation, words and pattern expression used in the dialect of Kumluca District which are not found in this dictionary or used in different meanings are determined and recorded. Transcription marks are also used in this study to reflect the phonetic properties of these mentioned entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey, the Presidential Government System has started to be implemented legally and de facto with the referendum on the constitutional amendment made on April 16, 2017, and after that the Presidential election made on June 24, 2018, and the oath of the elected President in the Parliament on July 9, 2018. With the change of the government system, new structural and functional regulations have been put into effect in the legislative, executive and judicial organs as the primary and official public policy actor. The new government system is essentially built on the executive branch. From a system in which the President and the Council of Ministers are the two most important actors of the public policy-making process in the dual-head executive system, to a new government model in which the President is the sole determining actor in the process of creating public policies as the sole authority and official of the executive. Following the determination of the President as the main actor in the public policy-making process, in order to assist him in these processes and under his orders and/or instructions, the Presidential Policy Boards and Offices have established as new actors with important duties such as making, developing and proposing public policy. The aim of this study, which was prepared by using the literature review and observation method, is to make an original and interpretive evaluation by presenting information on importance, the position, duties, structure and working procedures and principles of the Policy Boards and Offices that take their place in the administrative organization with the Presidential government system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education & Science / Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi is the property of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Türkiye is one of the biggest developing countries and the second biggest cement exporter in the world. In 2021, the country exported around $1billion of cement, which is responsible for over 8% of emissions globally. In order to fulfill the EU norms, energy, emissions, and cost reduction investments continue in the country. The aim of this paper is to perform a detailed exergoeconomic assessment of a rotary burner to increase the energy and exergy performance and decrease energy consumption, exergy costs and environmental impacts of a real scale cement factory in Türkiye. During the 2-year period, detailed data has been obtained from the factory by real time detection of clinker manufacturing process. By applying the specific exergy costing (SPECO) method, energy and exergy destructions, and exergetic cost distributions for the rotary burner are calculated in detail. The 1st and 2nd law efficiencies of the overall factory, specific energy (SEC) and exergy (SExC) consumption, and SPECO for clinker production are calculated to be 59.84%, 39.04%, 4786.75 MJ/ton, 5230.38 MJ/ton, and 10.11 $/MJ, respectively. The use of magnesia-spinel composite refractory bricks and the anzast layer formation decreased the SPECO by 2.71% corresponding to a saving of $2,280,000 preventing 13.74 MtCO2 emissions yearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Istanbul, which is one of the cities with the highest population growth in Turkey, changes have occurred in socio-economic conditions, public space requirements and supply-demand balance due to this increase. In the last 20 years, Shopping Malls and Life Centers (AVM) that provide socialization, culture-art activities and shopping opportunities are the most functional spaces that meet the public indoor space requirements on an urban scale in Istanbul to a certain extent. However, the recent construction of shopping mall investments, especially in a way that will create a surplus of demand regionally, has caused some shopping malls to turn into structures that lose their function and cannot meet the changing requirements. These idle buildings, which lost their function but continued their structural life, brought the concept of "Dead Shopping Mall" to the architectural literature. This study aims to get investors and decision-makers to think about the re-functioning of dead shopping malls in the public interest. The structural functions of dead AVMs that they are compatible with in terms of functional transformation due to reasons such as their location, structural and physical properties, dimensions are limited. According to the research carried out within the scope of this study, it has been determined that the number of examples of many dead shopping malls converted by foundation universities is gradually increasing. Although there are publications in the existing domestic literature on the transformation of dead shopping malls into various commercial functions, there have been no sources examining their transformation for universities. The study interprets this transformation with the method of a foundation university that pioneers the public transformation of dead shopping malls, the flow chart of original design steps with designer experiences, stain studies of floor plans of old and new functions, comparison of old-new interior and exterior building visuals and aims to contribute to the domestic literature in this sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serik district of Antalya province is in the central part of Antalya, approximately 30 km from the city center. It is a touristic town with a coastline of 22 kilometers to the east. Due to the geographical structure of the district, it has started to lose its unique socio-cultural texture due to immigration from inside and outside. Reasons such as mass media entering every house, ease of transportation, increasing popularity of tourism day by day, and increasing literacy rates prevent the compilation of the dialect characteristics of the district in a healthy way. Due to such reasons, Serik dialect, like other Turkey Turkish dialects, is under the influence of Standard Turkey Turkish and loses its unique phonetic and morphological features. As it is known, these live dialects, which are extremely important in revealing the richness of the vocabulary of Standard Turkey Turkish and especially in following the development and change of the language closely, should be compiled and recorded as soon as possible before they are lost. In this study, firstly, information about the geographical and ethnic structure of Serik district of Antalya province is given. Afterwards, all of the villages/neighborhoods of the district were reached, and text and word compilations were made on certain subjects from the source people who were thought to reflect the dialect characteristics best. In the light of the data obtained from these compilations, the phonetic and morphological features of the region, which differ from the Standard Turkey Turkish, are listed as items. In addition, compilations were made from Tahtacı Turkmen and Cretan immigrants, who had an important place in Serik, and the data obtained from them were given under separate article titles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquidambar orientalis Mill (LOM), is an endemic species having a local distribution in the southwestern coastal district of Turkey. Styrax liquidus gum (SLG), is a gum-like resinous which exudates in response to injury of the trunk of LOM. The aim of the study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic SLG extract in human prostate cancer cells. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the volatile compound composition. Cytotoxicity was determined by XTT analysis. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated via ELISA assay. Autophagic cell death was detected via monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and by measuring the levels of LC3I and LC3II. The protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR were evaluated by western blot analysis. In the present study, it is shown that the SLG extract containing a considerable amount of ravidomycin derivate induced autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical quality characteristics of honey produced in Southeastern Anatolia of Turkey. A total of 68 honey samples collected from different beekeepers were analyzed for sugar components, moisture, pH, HMF, electrical conductivity, free acidity, proline values, and diastase number using the methods recommended by the International Honey Commission. The color value was determined by the Hanna HI 96785 color identification device using the Pfund scale. The mean values of fructose + glucose, fructose/glucose ratio, sucrose, and maltose were 70.97 ± 3.27%, 1.21 ± 0.15, 0.90 ± 1.35%, and 2.88 ± 1.42%, respectively. The moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, free acidity, diastase number, proline, and HMF values were 15.91 ± 1.05%, 4.10 ± 0.73, 0.21 ± 0.04 mS/cm, 14.94 ± 6.81 meq/kg, 10.68 ± 4.61, 420±, 174 mg/kg, and 18.5 ± 31.43 mg/kg, respectively. All of the samples met the international standards and legal limits set in Turkey for fructose + glucose, sucrose, moisture, electrical conductivity, and free acidity, whereas 20.58%, 25%, 10.29%, and 8.82% of the samples did not meet the standards and legal limits for the diastase number, proline value, HMF value, and fructose/glucose ratio, respectively. It has been considered to be important to raise awareness of the producer about good production practices and to ensure continuity of inspections for high-quality honey production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong shallow earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) range between 6.6 and 7.0 according to different sources (AFAD, KOERI and USGS) took place at local time 14:51 on 30th October 2020, in Aegean Sea near Samos Island. According to the data given from Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), the epicenter of the earthquake is 27.17 km far away from the İzmir coast and the duration of the earthquake that occurred in 14.9 km deep of the ground is 15.68 s. The main shock of the earthquake brought about a small local tsunami that struck especially Seferihisar district in Izmir and Vathi in Samos. The main shock was followed by more than 5799 aftershocks with magnitudes varying between 0.7 and 5.1 in 62 days. Turkey, Greece and the islands in Aegean Sea felt the earthquake but it caused heavy damage and casualties at Bayraklı location in the city center of Izmir due to ground effects and structural problems. According to the data released after the field investigations made by the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in the regions affected by the earthquake, 103 buildings collapsed and urgently demolished, 700 were severely damaged, 814 were moderately damaged, 7889 were slightly damaged and 159,000 were undamaged. The earthquake and tsunami resulted in 117 deaths and 1632 injured in Turkey, whereas two deaths and several injured in Samos, despite the distance between the epicenter and Turkey coast being more than Samos Island. One of these deaths occurred as a result of the tsunami and according to official sources; it was recorded as the first person to die from a tsunami in Turkey. This study aims to examine the damage and collapses that occurred on the structures due to the earthquake and the tsunami. The types and causes of damage that occurred on both reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures were evaluated in detail with taking into account the conditions of the existing Turkish Building Earthquake Design Code, [TBEC, [2018] Turkish Building Earthquake Design Code. Specifications for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas (Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, Ankara, Turkey).] and previous Turkish Earthquake Codes (TECs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) / Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A great number of reinforced concrete building structures were damaged or collapsed during the earthquake that hit Sivrice district of Elazığ city located in the southwest of the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey on January 24, 2020. Magnitude of the earthquake were announced as M w = 6. 5 and M w = 6. 8 by Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) and Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), respectively. More than a thousand of aftershocks with the magnitude of 1.2–5.1 occurred between January and February 2020. The magnitude of the structural damage was relatively high compared with the peak value of recorded ground acceleration (2.85 m/s2) at the epicenter (Sivrice district) of the earthquake. It was determined that 584 buildings were demolished, 6845 were severely damaged, 1207 were moderately damaged, 14,389 were slightly damaged and 14,317 were undamaged. Also, there were 235 buildings that required urgent demolition. In this paper, the performance of the reinforced concrete buildings during the Sivrice-Elazığ earthquake is presented along with time-histories of ground motion records and response spectrums. Observed design and construction practices were carefully evaluated and compared with Turkish Earthquake Code. It was seen that the most significant causes of the failures were due to the poor concrete quality, the use of non-ductile detailing, the poor project design and construction quality. According to field inspections of our technical team, it is concluded that performances of the undamaged buildings following earthquakes do not prove that they have adequate seismic safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease that has been rarely reported in the Eastern countries. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with PDB followed up at endocrinology clinics in Turkey. Methods: An invitation was sent to tertiary endocrinology clinics to complete a survey on the demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory parameters, as well as treatment modalities of patients with PDB. This study enrolled clinically and radiologically proven 185 patients with PDB from 18 endocrinology centers based in 10 cities of Turkey. Results: This cohort of PDB had female preponderance (women/men: 105/80) with a mean age, during diagnosis, of 57±10 years. Most of the patients (59.6%) were symptomatic at diagnosis. Bone pain and headache were the predominant clinical symptoms. Polyostotic disease was observed in 67.5% (n=125) of patients. Frequently affected bones were skull (41.6%), pelvis (53.5%), spine (41%), and femur (25.4%). Moreover, 17 patients with skull involvement had hearing loss. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level (552±652 IU/L; range: 280-5762 IU/L) was over the normal reference cutoff with normal serum calcium levels. Intravenous bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, 5 mg; pamidronate, 60-90 mg) were the most used drugs (75%) for the treatment of PDB. Most of the patients (87.1%) treated with intravenous bisphosphonates responded well, with a decrease in serum ALP level (117±114 IU/L) in the 12th month of therapy. Furthermore, 16 patients relapsed after the second year of therapy; 3 patients did not respond to the initial intravenous bisphosphonate treatment. Conclusion: The patients with PDB followed up by endocrinology clinics of Turkey exhibited polyostotic disease with classical clinical, radiological, and biochemical features and women's predominance with good response to intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stroke ranks second among the diseases that cause death and third among the causes of disability in Turkey. An average of 1.9 million neurons die every minute due to acute ischemic stroke and therefore 'time is brain'. Intravenous thrombolytic treatment (ITT) and, if possible, endovascular treatment should be initiated quickly. We aimed to share our ITT experience in Sanliurfa with this study. Materials and Methods: We recorded the clinical and demographic characteristics, risk factors, and three-month follow-up of 21 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were given ITT between June 2015 and July 2017. Results: Of the 21 patients, nine were male and 12 were female, and the mean age was 72.1±11.8 (range, 48-87) years. Large vessel occlusion was found in five (23.8%) patients, cardioembolism in 9 (42.9%), and small vessel occlusion in 2 (9.5%) patients; etiology was not determined in five (23.8%) patients. Atrial fibrillation was found in 38.1%, hypertension in 57.1%, diabetes mellitus in 23.8%, coronary artery disease in 33.3%, hyperlipidemia in 19%, and smoking in 33.3% of the patients.The NIHSS score was 11.7±6.7 (range, 2-24) prior to treatment. The symptom-onset to needle time was 185±55.8 minutes when 19 patients were evaluated. Intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in two (9.5%) patients after treatment. One patient was asymptomatic and the symptomatic patient (4.75%) died despite decompression surgery. Ten patients died and the mortality rate was 47.6% at the end of the three-month follow-up period. The modified Rankin scale score was 0-2 in eight patients (38.1%) and was 0-1 in seven patients (33.3%). ITT was given to seven patients aged >80 years, five patients with NIHSS <5, and two patients in whom the treatment window was exceeded, which was non-adherent to the label. Conclusion: ITT is effective and safe. It increases the number of independent living patients. We must strive to perform this treatment all over Turkey and encourage our colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On January 24 at 8.55p.m, a major earthquake of moment magnitude Mw = 6.8 struck the Sivrice district of Elazığ, located in the southwest of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. A total of 7429 buildings were severely damaged or collapsed. Unreinforced masonry buildings still represent a significant part of the residential building stock in rural surroundings of the Eastern Anatolia region. Unfortunately, most of the masonry buildings near to epicenter were found to have collapsed or suffered severe damage. This study provides an evolution of seismological characteristics of the earthquake, including recorded accelerograms and acceleration response spectra. Case studies of damaged masonry buildings and failure or collapse mechanisms are also examined. It is concluded that almost all the damaged buildings had not been designed or constructed in accordance with contemporary Turkish earthquake codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to present the field investigation and performance assessment of the mosques and minarets constructed around the cities of Elaziğ and Malatya and their surrounding districts shortly after the earthquake (magnitude of MW=6.5–6.8 according to different institutions) that occurred at 8:55 p.m. local time on Friday January 24, 2020, in the Sivrice township of Elazığ, located in the southwest of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Mosques and minarets are special structures affected by earthquakes as other buildings too. Two types of mosques and minarets constructed using masonry and reinforced concrete constructional materials and technologies were investigated. A total of 20 mosques with minarets having either a masonry or reinforced concrete carrier system were extensively examined. It is concluded that a significant part of the collapsed and damaged mosques and minarets did not receive adequate engineering services and/or were constructed without following national guidelines. Also, it is thought that the absence of any codes or guidelines for these special structures is a major deficiency and leaves engineers in a difficult position during the design phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management is about managing the social structure, where more than one person is together, according to certain rules. Public administration, which provides social order, is divided into two basic components. The first of these components is the central government. The other is decentralization. Decentralized administrations are divided into two as public institutions and local administrations. There should be no incompatibility in terms of its elements such as organizational structures, bodies, jurisdictions, legal positions, etc. Turkey's location in the administrative structure of local government in this context is discussed. The establishment of local government units that exist in Turkey, nomenclature, to determine the boundaries, bodies, information about organizational structures and their removal are included. Special provincial administrations in Turkey with local government units, municipalities and villages were compared from different perspectives. Legislation analysis was carried out in the study. The content analysis technique was also used. As a result of the study, it has been observed that local administrations consisting of three different units as special provincial administration, municipality and village, are discussed in detail in administrative legislation. However, it has been determined that there are discrepancies between legal norms and practices at many points. As a result of some erroneous changes in the law, incompatibilities with the constitution appeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]