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This paper conducts a comparative analysis of data governance mechanisms concerning the secondary use of health data in Taiwan and the European Union (EU). Both regions have adopted distinctive approaches and regulations for utilizing health data beyond primary care, encompassing areas such as medical research and healthcare system enhancement. Through an examination of these models, this study seeks to elucidate the strategies, frameworks, and legal structures employed by Taiwan and the EU to strike a delicate balance between the imperative of data-driven healthcare innovation and the safeguarding of individual privacy rights. This paper examines and compares several key aspects of the secondary use of health data in Taiwan and the EU. These aspects include data governance frameworks, legal and regulatory frameworks, data access and sharing mechanisms, and privacy and security considerations. This comparative exploration offers invaluable insights into the evolving global landscape of health data governance. It provides a deeper understanding of the strategies implemented by these regions to harness the potential of health data while upholding the ethical and legal considerations surrounding its secondary use. The findings aim to inform best practices for responsible and effective health data utilization, particularly in the context of medical AI applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how businesses in Taiwan's servicescapes are adapting to the growing trend of mobile payments and innovation ecosystems. Through the analysis of four case studies, we uncover the strategies these firms employ to address the challenges posed by changing consumer payment habits. Our research reveals that these companies are establishing efficient mechanisms within their ecosystems, supported by well-structured organizational frameworks. By leveraging innovation ecosystems, they are reshaping financial services and promoting collaborative growth among participants through technology, platforms, resource sharing, and knowledge exchange. This collaborative approach is driving significant changes in the sector, helping these businesses navigate through various challenges while fostering innovation and growth. Additionally, the scarcity of comprehensive observations of the digital payment ecosystem highlights the necessity for further exploration of actor interactions, regulatory mechanisms, and ecosystem management strategies. Such research efforts are crucial for enhancing our understanding of the evolving landscape of digital payments and innovation ecosystems, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting sustainable development in this dynamic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the growing application of information and communication technology (ICT) in education, teachers are encouraged to choose on-line or hybrid teaching approaches to redesign and teach courses in order to promote learning outcomes. Our exploratory research demonstrates how the hospitality courses blended with the team-based learning approach and digital resources can facilitate learners' learning enjoyment and increase their intercultural awareness (IA) in a Taiwan hospitality and tourism university. Our evidence confirms that knowledge sharing is a significant mediator connecting perceived enjoyment, team effectiveness and perceived individual learning in our blended team-based learning model; also, the learners' IA is notably promoted. This can be attributed to the strong willingness to cooperate with peers from various learning experiences. Our study suggests that teachers, as activity directors, facilitators, monitors and evaluators in team-based learning situations provide learners opportunities and platforms to empower them to interact, cooperate and construct and share their knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A growing number of Taiwanese teachers are choosing to teach at universities in mainland China, but their jobs are not always stable. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors influencing young teachers from Taiwan to teach in universities in China. Methods: Twenty-seven young teachers from Taiwan with master's or doctoral degrees who were willing to apply to work at universities in China and who were already teaching in China were invited to conduct in-depth interviews to collect research data. The interview data were coded and analyzed according to the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) Model. Results and discussion: The results showed that the understanding of mainland Chinese universities among young Taiwanese teachers is not entirely consistent. Taiwanese teachers who previously studied in mainland China have a more comprehensive understanding of mainland Chinese universities, and some teachers have gained a superficial understanding through academic exchanges between the two sides and information shared by friends. However, still, 7% of the teachers have no understanding at all. Most young Taiwanese teachers indicate that they do not understand the talent recruitment policies of mainland Chinese universities. The push factors that influence young teachers from Taiwan to teach at mainland universities are: Oversupply of teachers in Taiwan, poor environment for higher education in Taiwan, poor articulation of the cross-strait academic system, and four aspects of teacher retirement and re-employment in Taiwan. The pull factors are: Beneficial policies, salary, living environment, educational advantages and cultural dissemination in 5 areas. Mooring factors are divided into 3 aspects: personal factors, environmental factors and social factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective.In the workplace, colleague relationship deeply affects employees' work attitude and behavior, but it is rarely taken seriously. Based on the cognitive‐affective personality system theory and social network theory, this study examined the influence of three common workplace haters (negative gossiper, two‐faced person, and loafer) on employee well‐being and knowledge sharing and explores the moderating effect of organizational social capital. Method.The study used longitudinal design, three‐wave, and 409 valid supervisor–employee pairs (233 direct supervisors and 409 employees) from 10 companies in Taiwan to test these hypothetical relationships. Results. The findings of this study showed that: (1) workplace haters negatively affects employee well‐being; (2) employee well‐being positively affects knowledge sharing; (3) employee well‐being mediates the relationship between workplace haters and knowledge sharing; and (4) organizational social capital moderates the relationship between workplace haters and employee well‐being. Conclusion. The study has important contributions to the literature on workplace haters, coworker interaction, and social capital. Implications for behavioral researchers and human resource managers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated researchers in criminology dealt with their research data and explored the potential factors that would influence their willingness to share and reuse others' research data through a qualitative approach. With a total 13 participants with two small focus group sessions as well as in-depth interviews, our findings unveiled three factors, trust, contract, and value, deeply rooted in researchers' attitudes and their data sharing and reuse patterns and behaviors. Through comprehending their concern behind sharing and reusing research data, we seek crucial insights that could be beneficial in developing a criminological research data repository, further consolidating the research data infrastructure in social science. Sharing and reusing data can advance scientific research and provide innovative possibilities for practice in criminology (e.g., new correctional methods, new crime prevention policies), providing sustained and thriving energy for the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between knowledge sharing and sustainable happiness, and tested the multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and helping behavior in this relationship. A survey was conducted in Taiwan to test the attitudes of preschool teachers toward sustainable happiness and several related factors. The questionnaire consisted of four latent factors: knowledge sharing, sustainable happiness, self-efficacy, and helping behavior. Partial least squares were used to analyze the sample data and examine both the reliability and validity of the latent factors of the questionnaire in the measurement model. Statistical analysis indicated that the measurement model was reliable, and multiple mediation analysis was performed for hypothesized relationships. The results of the multiple mediating analysis indicated that self-efficacy and helping behavior positively mediate the association between knowledge sharing and sustainable happiness. The sustainable happiness of preschool teachers is influenced by their perceptions of knowledge sharing about their career happiness and workplace well-being to achieve sustainable development goals. Their positive attitudes toward self-efficacy and helping behavior enhance their individual happiness and wellbeing and achieve a sustainable workplace, which contributes to global sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the literature has somewhat discussed social capital and knowledge sharing, the mediating and moderating mechanisms that influence team workers to move from connecting with one another to building social capital and consequently engaging in knowledge sharing still remain largely understudied. For that reason, this study aims to develop a holistic research framework that links social capital to knowledge sharing with positive affective tone as a mediator and hypercompetition as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing upon the social capital theory and the affective events theory (AET), this study proposes a research framework to assess how social capital factors influence knowledge sharing with the mediation of positive affective tone and the moderation of hypercompetition in high-tech teams. This study obtains survey data based on 330 questionnaires of working professionals from 66 high-tech teams in Taiwan, in which each team comprises four members and their team leader. Findings: The empirical results of this study show that social interaction, shared vision and trust are positively related to knowledge sharing via the mediation of positive affective tone. Moreover, hypercompetition has positive moderating effects on the relationships between social interaction and positive affective tone as well as between trust and positive affective tone. Originality/value: This study expands the previous literature to study through what mediating mechanism the effects of different social capital factors on knowledge sharing can be effectively realized and whether there exists any critical moderator that influences these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of social media has coincided with the emergence of an expressive citizenship model that emphasizes the role of expression in networked environments centering on personal interests. Yet relatively little is known about how civic participation might develop from daily, general social media use. Drawing on communication infrastructure theory, this study uses two-wave survey data from Taiwan to investigate which types of Facebook users are more likely to become civic action takers and how. Results show that high public expressers—those who manifest higher levels of public expression (e.g., updating status)—have more integrated connectedness to the civic information sharing network, which in turn facilitates civic participation. This pathway to civic participation is relatively open to users with diverse levels of political interest. Overall, these findings help to explain how general social media users become civic action takers, presenting important implications for addressing inequalities in civic participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research consistently finds that maintaining a healthy balance between work and other life domains often requires employees to establish psychological boundaries that differentiate work from non-work life domains. However, research has not paid enough attention to the implications that certain actions performed by leaders might have for hospitality employees' privacy management efforts. The present research, therefore, contributes to the literature on privacy management in hospitality organizations by exploring how hospitality workers manage their private information in response to supervisor nosiness – supervisors' intrusive attempts to obtain information about employees' personal activities and affairs outside of work. Through the lens of communication privacy management theory, we proposed that interpersonal justice climate mediates the cross-level effect of supervisor nosiness on employee knowledge sharing behavior and that this negative indirect effect would be moderated by supervisor authenticity. Using data gathered from employees and supervisors of 95 restaurants across Taiwan, results from multi-level path analysis provided support for each hypothesized relationship. • Supervisor nosiness leads to poorer interpersonal justice climates. • Interpersonal justice climate positively relates to employee knowledge sharing. • Supervisor authenticity acts as a boundary condition of supervisor nosiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the periods encountered are different, Enron in the field of independent audit and Covid-19 in the field of health sector great similarities in terms of the effects they create. Both Enron and Covid-19 have made old practices out of normal and have started a process that puts new normals (new norms) at the center of life. The need for reliable information and data security has become more important than ever. The information sharing about Covid-19 made by the public oversight authorities of the USA and Republic of China (Chinese Taipei, Taiwan) was evaluated. It has beed determined that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) continues to provide guidance and role model in the field of public oversight with extensive information sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined brand love and brand citizenship behavior in the restaurant industry, developing a study framework in which we proposed that the high-involvement human resource (HR) practices of recognition, empowerment, competence development, fair rewards, and information sharing would play an important role in determining the brand love that enhances brand citizenship behavior. We collected data from 476 frontline employees working in restaurants in Taiwan. The findings suggest that the HR practices of recognition, empowerment, competence development, fair rewards, and information sharing were crucial predictors of brand love. We also found that brand love mediated the link between business management and brand citizenship behavior, and had positive effects on brand-helping behavior, brand consideration, and brand enthusiasm. If managers can generate employees' brand love, employees are likely to perform behaviors to assist with brand-related activities, follow brand guidelines while serving customers, have a positive attitude, and engage in behaviors contributing to values of the corporate brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Patient participation in healthcare activities is key to producing successful patient‐centered care. However, little is known about both nurses' and patients' perspectives regarding patient participation in East Asia. This paper compared and contrasted perspectives of patient participation in healthcare activities between nurses and patients, using a qualitative study with a purposive sample of 39 nurses and 15 patients. A semi‐structured interview was applied to focus groups for nurses, and to face‐to‐face interviews for patients. Content analysis was utilized to analyze the data, and common themes and subthemes were identified showing three similarities (authoritative culture, participation behaviors, and obstacles to participation), and two differences (sources of acquiring patient‐related health information, and responsible party). Nurses and patients did not entirely view participation in healthcare activities congruently. Relevant clinical practices are also suggested, including respecting patients' autonomy, nurses' using layman's language for explanations, patients' understanding the meaning behind their participation behaviors, recognizing obstacles faced in enhancing patient participation with adjusted nursing workload, actively providing needed health information, and leading patients to realize that they will be responsible for their health behaviors after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, some hotels have introduced a new service model called contactless service. This paper unpacks this new hospitality landscape through a random sample of 510 valid responses collected at a smart hotel in Taiwan in June 2020 and discusses the emergent insights through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The findings revealed that (1) Sense experience (SE), feel experience (FE), and relate experience (RE) were all positively impacting information sharing (IS); (2) Sense experience (SE) and feel experience (FE) positively affected satisfaction (CS). The positive adjustment of the relationship between the sense experience (SE) and the related experience (RE) for information sharing (IS) is regulated by the outbreak event disruption (ED). Intelligence operation (IO) is a significant mediating effect among five-sense experiences, customer satisfaction, and information sharing. This paper analyzes empirical data and provides insights that illuminate the nuances of customer experiences with contactless hospitality service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the associations among ethical leadership, group identification, relational identification, organizational identification, and knowledge sharing. This study conducted a survey in Taiwan to collect the data. The administrative group members of schools were invited to participate in this study. The sample included 510 participants, and the hypotheses were tested by using the path analysis and bootstrapping methods in the Mplus program to examine how ethical leadership influences knowledge sharing, through various means of identification. The results of this study show that ethical leadership has both a direct and indirect effect on knowledge sharing. There are two mediating paths in the ethical leadership-knowledge sharing relationship. Firstly, group identification mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and knowledge sharing. Secondly, ethical leadership has an influence on knowledge sharing by means of increased relational and organizational identification. This is a pioneering article that explores the psychological mechanism between ethical leadership and knowledge sharing, using the social identity approach. This study has shown that the social identity theory (SIT) is a useful and promising perspective for future research studies on ethical leadership-knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines from a multilevel perspective the contributions of initiative climate, psychological safety and knowledge sharing to team creativity in research and development (R&D) project teams. We propose and test an organizational learning contingency model of creativity, reflecting on how initiative climate interacts with employees' psychological safety in influencing knowledge sharing and teams' creative performance, by collecting data from 352 employees comprising 88 R&D teams in Taiwan at two time points and from two sources, team members and team leaders. Results indicated that knowledge sharing acts as a mediator in the relationship between initiative climate and team creativity. Results also supported the cross‐level moderation effect of initiative climate on the relationship between psychological safety and knowledge sharing behaviour. We also made the interesting but unhypothesized findings that tenure differentiation and education diversity both negatively influenced team creativity and go on to discuss both theoretical and practical implications of our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Front-line employees usually have the longest contact with customers and can directly identify and solve their problems immediately. Therefore, employees' voice behavior and knowledge sharing are important resources for hotel organizational efficiency and improvement. This study examined the effects of empowering leadership and a cooperative climate on employees' voice behavior and knowledge sharing through their job autonomy, using data from 327 five-star hotel employees in Taiwan. The results suggest that an empowering leadership style and a cooperative climate in hotels could improve employee job autonomy, enabling them to voice their opinion to managers and share knowledge with their colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments and private sector players have hopped on the open data train in the past few years. Both the governments and civil society in Taiwan are exploring the opportunities provided by the data stored in public and private sectors. While they have been enjoying the benefits of the sharing and flowing of data among various databases, the government and some players in the private sectors have also posed tremendous privacy challenges by inappropriately gathering and processing personal data. The amended Personal Data Protection Act was originally enacted as a regulatory mechanism to protect personal data and create economic benefits via enhancing the uses of public and private sector data. In reality, the Act has instead resulted in harm to Taiwan's data privacy situation in this big data era. This article begins with an overview of the Taiwan's open data policy history and its current practices. Next, the article analyzes cases in which the data sharing practices between different sectors have given rise to privacy controversies, with a particular focus on 2020, when Taiwan used data surveillance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, this article flags problems related to an open data system, including the protection of sensitive data, de-identification, the right to consent and opt-out, and the ambiguity of "public interest," and concludes by proposing a feasible architecture for the implementation of a more sensible open data system with privacy-enhancing characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms use open innovation strategy to explore external knowledge or exploit internal knowledge to benefit their product/service innovations, and thus enhance their innovation performance. However, a lack of relational mechanisms makes it more difficult for collaborative partners to share their knowledge assets. Existing literature lacks a clear explanation of how knowledge and relational mechanisms simultaneously function for innovation success. In response, this study attempts to answer: (1) Can archetypes of open innovation strategies be identified by knowledge and relational mechanisms simultaneously? And, (2) Do they differ in their ability to predict innovation success under the condition of innovation process characteristics? An exploratory study of 78 open innovation firms reflects four archetypes of open innovation strategies. A subsequent cross-industry survey of 248 open innovation firms in Taiwan reveals that the four archetypes of open innovation strategies result in varying degrees of innovation success, and innovation process characteristics positively moderate such associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project team has become the preferred way to conduct R&D. Our study suggests psychological safety among team members can improve team performance and functioning. Using data collected from 320 employees and 80 team leaders on R&D teams in Taiwan, we tested four hypotheses with structural equation modeling to examine how psychological safety impacts R&D employees in four areas. We found that psychological safety can result in greater task performance, knowledge-sharing behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and lower turnover intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past, Canada has had to deal with the matter of Taiwan very delicately. China considers Taiwan to be an integral part of the nation: a rogue province that must eventually be reunified with the mainland. Since Canada relies much more on trade with China than with Taiwan, the stakes have favoured policies that avoid engaging with Taiwan in ways that would unnecessarily irritate China. As a result, there has been little appetite here for negotiating a bilateral trade deal with Taiwan. That attitude is finally changing. One main reason is because China is already angry with Canada, and vice versa. Relations between the two countries are at an all-time low, and domestic support for accommodating China is minimal. As a result, Canada is freer than before to consider negotiating a trade agreement with Taiwan. At the same time, Taiwan is interested in joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), to which Canada is already a party. By supporting Taiwan's accession to the CPTPP, Canada can achieve a free-trade agreement with Taiwan without having to negotiate one bilaterally. The ability to do so under the aegis of a multilateral agreement should serve to mitigate any remaining concerns that China might further retaliate against Canada directly. However, striking back at China is not a reason for Canada to support Taiwan's accession to the CPTPP. We should do so because it is in the interest of Canada and the other members of the CPTPP to add to the strength of the organization by welcoming an economy that is an important global trader and a key player in global supply chains. In addition, Taiwan is a country that is clearly willing and able to accept CPTPP disciplines. Canada should move quickly and enthusiastically to support Taiwan's accession. The benefits of having Taiwan join Canada in a free-trade agreement are obvious. The opportunity to make it a reality is finally here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of knowledge sharing among team members on the development of shared leadership and innovative behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 64 management teams and 427 individuals working in 26 different hotels in the hospitality industry in Taiwan. Findings: The results show that knowledge sharing has both direct and indirect effects on the development of shared leadership and individual innovative behaviour. Research limitations/implications: Results suggest that knowledge sharing supports the occurrence of shared leadership, leading to an increase in innovative behaviour. The authors infer from the findings that encouraging a culture of knowledge sharing can have a positive impact on the creativity of teams. Originality/value: This study advances knowledge of shared leadership as a mediator using a multilevel approach to test antecedents of innovative behaviour in the Taiwan hotel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces legal framework and governance structure in relation to the management and development of biobanks in Taiwan. At first, we briefly describe Taiwan's population, political system and health care system. Secondly, this research introduces biobanking framework of Taiwan including 25 biobanks established with the approval of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. In those biobanks, 'Taiwan Biobank' is the first and the largest government-supported biobank which comprises population-based cohort study and disease- oriented study. Since the collection of information, data, and biological specimen of biobanks often involve highly sensitive personal information, in the legal framework of Taiwan, there is a specific regulation, 'Human Biobank Management Act' (HBMA), which plays an important role in regulating biobanks in Taiwan. HBMA, the Personal Information Act and other regulations constitute a comprehensive legal and regulatory privacy framework of biobanks. Through the introduction and analysis of the current legal framework applicable to biobanks, we found that there are several challenges that need to be solved appropriately that involve duplicate review systems, the obstacles in the international collaboration, and data sharing between biobanks in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, open government data has become an important movement among government administrations around the world. While there is still limited open data research conducted in East Asia, this study explores the complexity of open data initiatives in Taiwan. In particular, the influential factors and their impacts on open data initiatives are investigated from four perspectives: technology, organization, legislation and policy, and environment. Legislation and policy is found to have the most significant impact while agencies’ existing regulations and policies act as constraints. The factors residing in organizational and environmental perspectives follow as the secondary impacts. Technological factors also exist but are considered to be relatively more easily resolved with sufficient support. While the identified factors act as determinants to influence government agencies’ intentions towards open data participation, it is also found that open data is closely related to interagency information sharing, and the two activities in the long term are expected to reinforce to each other iteratively. In addition, practical implications are discussed to provide practitioners with insights. Lastly, the contributions, limitations and potential future research of the current study are listed in the Conclusion section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the motivations that affect middle management employees' knowledge-sharing intentions in the context of total quality management (TQM) implementations of Taiwan's information technology (IT) industry. A research model was developed based on TQM implementations and the theory of reasoned action. Survey samples were collected from 395 middle management employees in 50 Taiwanese ISO 9001:2000-certified firms in the IT industry, providing support for the proposed model. LISREL was applied to analyse the measurement and structural models. The analytical results showed that anticipated reciprocal relationships, perceived ethics and self-efficacy have significant direct effects on attitudes towards knowledge sharing and that subjective norms are significantly associated with knowledge-sharing intentions in the context of TQM implementations. However, subjective norms alone do not significantly influence attitudes towards knowledge sharing. Because this study only considered knowledge-sharing intention with regard to TQM implementation, whether these analytical results can be generalised to other research fields is unclear. We expect that future research can replicate this model. The contribution of the present study is the establishment of a model capable of lending an understanding to knowledge-sharing intention relationships for TQM implementation in the Taiwanese IT industry. This study also presents valuable recommendations for TQM literature and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations of information, organisation and environment on the supply chain partner’s commitment using data from the auto parts industries listed in the Taiwan External Trade Development Council. Low levels of environmental uncertainty within the context of supply chain relationships with higher levels of intraorganisational facilitators and interorganisational relationships will have influence on the level of information sharing, quality and availability. As expected, it was found that there is a positive relationship between the level of information sharing, quality and availability, and the level of trust. Additionally, it was also found that there is a positive relationship between levels of trust and commitment in supply chain relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of police cooperation strategies have developed around the Southern Chinese seaboard, which encompasses the coastal provinces of Mainland China, Taiwan, and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau. Cooperation mechanisms in the region encompass intelligence sharing strategies and establishment of the Electronic Communal Information Sharing Platform (ECISP), common investigations, regular meetings, practitioner exchanges, and training. Although conducted on a regular basis, these cooperation strategies mostly lack a formally binding legal basis, relying purely on informal practitioner efforts at best supported by Memoranda of Understanding. Due to their historical independence all police forces involved in cooperation at the Southern Chinese seaboard have had to establish strategies to overcome legal, organisational and cultural differences. This region could therefore be compared to cooperation networks between sovereign nation-states in other regions. The historical development of Greater China's highly informal, practitioner driven approach to cooperation is reminiscent of early forms of cooperation between the police agencies of states that are now members of the European Union (EU). This paper explores the development of both informal and formal strategies established among police agencies around the Southern Chinese seaboard and compares them with the EU to enhance the historical, political and legal understanding of the two regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information sharing is one of the most important topics in supply chain management, but it is not an easy task due to the numerous challenges. This study aims to investigate how uncertainty can be reduced through the proper sharing of information, and it also endeavours to discover what factors play a key role in its success. The printed circuit board industry in Taiwan, which was chosen for this study, is a type of divergent differentiation supply chain and operates in a highly uncertain environment. The results show that trust between partners in the chain can increase information sharing while uncertainty is considered the main factor impeding it. Information sharing on such as ‘demand forecast information’ could improve the performance of order fulfilment process. Information sharing with vendor-managed inventory mechanisms could reduce supply chain uncertainty and bullwhip effects with the result that inter-organisational coordination could be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the principle of autonomy in relation to a physician's duty to inform, the legal aspects of population biobanks, and information sharing in Canada as of 2014. Patients' legal protections are addressed, along with disclosure of information laws and medical decision making. Other topics include Canadian courts, medical consent, and various legal proceedings which deal with a duty to inform in non-therapeutic research cases. Human genome sequencing is also assessed.

A new species, Scutellaria hsiehii (Lamiaceae), was collected from central part of the island. Scutellaria hsiehii is close to S. playfairii Kudo, but can be distinguished by its slender procumbent stems, long petiole, long ovate leaves with 3-5 serration along the margin and nutlet coat with short grapping-hook tubercles. A taxonomic description, line drawing, pollen morphology in SEM observation, distribution information, and color photographs of the floral characters are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores how inter-organizational relationship interacts with factors affecting the development and implementation of information sharing. On the basis of the resource-based view and relational risk perspective, we developed a model which comprises three research hypotheses with three constructs, including relational benefits, relational risk, and information sharing. The constructs are measured by well-supported measures in the literature. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze survey data collected from 528 manufacturing firms that were among the top 1,000 Taiwanese manufacturing firms of 2011 listed by Business Weekly. The results of the empirical study suggest that relational benefits are critical in ensuring information sharing and mitigate relational risk in the process. The findings of the study provide useful insights into how supply chain members can reinforce their relational benefits and mitigate probable risks so as to improve their collaborative behaviors and in turn enhance information sharing for the supply chain as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates whether (1) cross-functional integration within a firm and the use of information systems (IS) that support information sharing with external parties can enhance integration across the supply chain and wider networks and (2) whether collaboration with customers, suppliers and other external parties leads to increased supply chain performance in terms of new product development and introduction of new processes. Data from a high-quality survey carried out in Taiwan in 2009 were used, and appropriate econometric models were applied. Results show that the adoption of IS that enhance information sharing is vital not only for the effective communication with suppliers and with wider network members, but their adoption also has a direct effect across a firm's innovative effort. Cross-functional integration appears to matter only for the introduction of an innovative process. Collaboration with customers and suppliers affected a product's design and its overall features and functionality, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study compared different theories on the knowledge sharing behaviour of sport professionals and considers the differences according to occupation. A questionnaire was distributed to professionals in physical education and sport in Taiwan. The subjects were targeted using a stratified random sampling method. Structural equation modelling was used to perform data analysis on 666 valid questionnaires. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) explained the behavioural models regarding their interpretation of knowledge sharing behaviour and intentions. The findings indicated that such behaviour indirectly, but positively, impacted by subjective norms, shared attitudes, perceived behavioural control and shared intentions. Knowledge sharing behaviour differed significantly among sport professionals employed in academia and industry, with the intention to share exerting the greatest influence. Attitude was the most influential, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. In the industrial model, perceived behavioural control was most consequential, followed by attitudes and subjective norms. The results confirm that the theory of planned behaviour not only has good explanatory power, but also effectively predicts such behaviour among physical education and sport professionals in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The aim of this study is to discuss the relationship between e-procurement and supply chain performance. Design/methodology/approach – Both interviews with practicing managers and an empirical study were conducted in the current study. Interviews with four practicing managers were conducted to gather the practical insights of the theoretical framework. Empirical data were collected from 108 Taiwanese enterprises. Findings – The paper found that partner relationships, information sharing, and supply chain integration can represent the processes through which e-procurement contributes to supply chain performance. Supply chain integration has the highest standardized total effect on supply chain performance. Research limitations/implications – Future studies could more systematically analyze the relationships among e-procurement, supply chain integration and supply chain performance. Cross-level analysis is also worthy of investigation when considering the influence of technology-usage characteristics. Practical implications – Compared to partner relationships and information sharing, supply chain integration has more influences on supply chain performance. Therefore, this study suggests that a joint-learning practice can be implemented for properly managing supply chains (e.g. know-how collaboration, mutual competency creation). Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature by proposing and testing the influences of partner relationships, information sharing, and supply chain integration. This allows a strategic viewpoint when implementing e-procurement systems intended to improve supply chain performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we explore the impact on teachers of implementation of the Faculty Student Knowledge-Sharing Platform (FSKSP) in their college. Specifically, we focus on the effect on those teachers of the need to share publicly their knowledge and teaching material as the result of FSKSP implementation. In addition, we report the experience and progress they acquire when choosing to change their traditional, habitual teaching and sharing modes. The case study focuses on a college of technology well-renowned among universities in Taiwan for its fully integrated electronization of teaching. The study shows that delivery of knowledge to and sharing of knowledge with students through the FSKSP differs enormously from the long-established verbal knowledge sharing in classroom lectures. In choosing to use the FSKSP and making changes to the interaction between faculty and students, teachers go through the following stages: protection of professional dignity and expertise; panic about whether or not to make changes; compromise in response to information technology trends, and hesitation about whether to continue or to turn back. The research findings provide a good reference for college administrators advocating the introduction of information technology to construct the FSKSP. The findings also assist FSKSP system designers in gaining the necessary understanding of possible conflicts between system features and cultural habits when working to enhance system feature design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a network perspective, in this study we argue that employees can improve their work performance if they occupy central network positions within a company where they can take advantage of knowledge made available by colleagues. We reasoned that the likelihood of knowledge sharing would be increased when employees were perceived to be trustworthy. Participants were 170 employees from 4 companies in Taiwan, and it was found that in-degree and in-closeness centralities within a knowledge-sharing network had significant and positive effects on work performance, and that employees with higher levels of perceived trust were more likely than others to experience an in-degree centrality of knowledge sharing. Our results indicate that the network perspective is a promising approach to the research issue of knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Fukushima tragedy in March 2001, China and Taiwan have launched a series of negotiations on nuclear safety and eventually signed an agreement building a bilateral alarming and information-sharing system in October 2011. Although this agreement was criticized by the Taiwan public because of its non-binding character, it embodied three significant implications. First, this agreement represents China's willingness and demands to be better incorporated into global nuclear regimes. Second, this platform may set a foundation for smoother cross-Strait negotiation along with the environmental peace-making road map. Third, this information-sharing system may contain democratic elements and thus may contribute to opening China's policy black box to its neighbours and its own citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a real case with 466 employees, we investigated the relationships among knowledge sharing (KS), service innovation, leader-member exchange (LMX) quality, team-member exchange (TMX) quality, and trust in Taiwan's international tourist hotels. The empirical results demonstrated that LMX quality and TMX quality mediated the relationship between KS and service innovation, and that trust moderated the relationship between KS and both LMX quality and TMX quality. These findings can be applied to improve communication among employees, enhance knowledge sharing, and promote service innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explored why people want to share knowledge in the virtual community setting. Taiwan provides an important model for the study of knowledge sharing in online social networks because of the large number of users of these in this country. Using a model modified from the theory of reasoned action and data collected in Taiwan, we found that self-esteem, absorptive ability, and trust are the driving forces of sharing. We did not find that the expected return had an impact on knowledge sharing. Although these results may be counterintuitive, they confirm today's open business environment, where unexpected returns usually go to those who have deep involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information sharing has been an important research issue in supply chain management. Although it has been studied frequently, our understanding of sharing information strategically and appropriately remains limited. To fill the gap, this study aims to understand the content of information sharing strategy (ISS) in a supply chain, and specifically how ISS influences supply chain uncertainty and performance. A survey of the Taiwanese manufacturing industry was carried out in order to test a proposed model. Results indicated that ISS includes information sharing and coordination aspects, and that these aspects have a strong impact on reducing supply chain uncertainty and enhancing chain performance. While a supply chain partner must share high-quality information to assist its supply chain partners' decision-making, it is also clear that a supply chain partner must rely on mutual adjustment and formalised inter-organisational processes to cope with demands. Future research directions and contributions to theory are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge sharing is of central importance for the research and development (R&D) process. Because the process is extremely complicated and an employee possesses expertise only in a specific area, knowledge will not be available to others until the owner makes the objects of the knowledge available. It is, therefore, valuable to investigate how R&D professionals share knowledge with one another. This study explores the relationship between human resource (HR) practices and individual knowledge sharing in Taiwan's high-tech industries. The cross-sectional dataset comes from a sample of 368 R&D professionals from nine different high-tech companies. The findings indicate that the factor representing the perceived self-efficacy of knowledge sharing plays a very important role in the integrated knowledge-sharing model we developed. R&D professionals who believe that sharing will influence their performance will be more willing to share knowledge, and thus an effective sharing of knowledge will be more likely to take place. The results also show that HR practices, incentive compensation plans, performance appraisal systems, and face-to-face communication foster knowledge sharing among R&D professionals through the mediation of perceived self-efficacy and the willingness of knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although blog service providers have developed and promoted various interactive functions of their blog platforms, effects of the interactivities on posting behaviour are still vague. Based on past literature, we proposed an information sharing behaviour model involving three types of interactivities, flow and satisfaction. A survey of 586 blog owners demonstrated strong support for the model. The results indicated that flow and satisfaction were positively affected by various types of interactivities and influenced the information sharing behaviour. Furthermore, gender differences in the relationships among interactivities, flow and satisfaction were found. Finally, the implications of this research were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to manage access control tasks to satisfy the user privacy needs of online information resources according to social relations and tags in Taiwan. It mentions that the study proposes a method for access control management in the online social context which includes social relations, access control policy management process and metadata of access control policies. Result shows that online information sharing and hiding is a unique context and needs a novel access control mechanism.

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate factors which influence knowledge sharing, organizational learning and effectiveness. Of self-completed questionnaires collected from international tourist hotels in Taiwan, 615 were usable for data analysis. The structural equation modeling results showed that leaders played the roles of mentor, facilitator and innovator, and nurtured a supportive environment at the levels of workgroup, immediate superior and organization. In addition, employees had a positive attitude towards learning and to sharing. All of these contributions facilitate transformation of collective individual knowledge to organizational knowledge, resulting in the advancement of organizational learning, and thus, greater organizational effectiveness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The research goal of this study is to determine how knowledge sharing among members of firms' collaboration affects customer relationship management (CRM) profitability. Collaboration has to exhibit a good knowledge of the markets, customers, products and services, methods and processes, competitors, employee skills, and the regulatory environment of information systems. We formulated a CRM profitability model and used a mailed questionnaire survey to investigate travel agent managers and employees in Taiwan. And we randomly mailed 1200 questionnaires to wholesaler travel agents of which 337 were returned completed. The findings reveal the nature and practical complexities associated with knowledge sharing in travel industry collaborations, and suggest how collaboration can create an appropriate knowledge-sharing strategy and increase CRM profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internet social networking tools and the emerging web 2.0 technologies are providing a new way for web users and health workers in information sharing and knowledge dissemination. Based on the characters of immediate, two-way and large scale of impact, the internet social networking tools have been utilized as a solution in emergency response during disasters. This paper highlights the use of internet social networking in disaster emergency response and public health management of disasters by focusing on a case study of the typhoon Morakot disaster in Taiwan. Discussion: In the case of typhoon disaster in Taiwan, internet social networking and mobile technology were found to be helpful for community residents, professional emergency rescuers, and government agencies in gathering and disseminating real-time information, regarding volunteer recruitment and relief supplies allocation. We noted that if internet tools are to be integrated in the development of emergency response system, the accessibility, accuracy, validity, feasibility, privacy and the scalability of itself should be carefully considered especially in the effort of applying it in resource poor settings. Summary: This paper seeks to promote an internet-based emergency response system by integrating internet social networking and information communication technology into central government disaster management system. Web-based networking provides two-way communication which establishes a reliable and accessible tunnel for proximal and distal users in disaster preparedness and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After quota system was canceled in 2005, as a result of free trade of open market, textile industries in Taiwan have faced some impacts, such as: low-price competition of Chinese Mainland, and regional trade. This situation constantly increases. In addition, good brand traders, who receive benefits after the quota system was canceled, continue to be greater through the merging method, and then begin to reduce their source of supply and require the supplier to possess the ability of one-stop shopping. Moreover, the circumstances in which consumer's consumption habit changes have accelerated the eliminating of the products. In order to solve the pressure described above and improve the advantage of the competition, textile industries in Taiwan begin to integrate the downstream and upstream manufacturers vertically one after another, and carry out global overall arrangement. As electronic application of supply chain is regarded as foundation of global logistics of textile industry, they can control the balance of global stronghold resources effectively through logistics, and increase the advantage of the competition. This research will observe the electronic application of global logistics with Taiwan textile industry by the method of case study. Through three dimensions, which are vertical integration, information share and logistics function module, it will probe into application depth of global logistics, and analyze the present implementation situation of seven textile industries in Taiwan, in order to be as the reference of future enterprises. This is the result of observation in this research: midstream and upstream manufacturers of Taiwan textile industry are inclined to cooperate with channel brand traders, and integrate resources vertically downwards to provide the customer the service of one-stop shopping; because downstream manufacturers want to react market need of ready-made clothing, they mainly work in balance coordination with customer, and carry out the vertical integration with the customer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]