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Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Técnica Tributaria is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Asesores Fiscales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Low fertility in Spain nowadays, and since some time ago, represents one of the most important public issues, although it is not equally distributed within the country and does not happen in a homogeneous way among social groups. This article studies, employing the 2011 census, the regional differences over the probability of Spanish women of increasing their offspring according to the educational gradient, at the autonomous community's level. To achieve that, parity progression ratios of women whose fecundity period is done are analyzed, trying to figure out the effect of educational gradient over the recent parity progression, employing Poisson multivariate models. It is observed that, according to the individual premise that the higher the educational attainment, the less the chance of experiencing a parity transition, the regional differences in terms of fertility will vary, mainly, because of the different proportion of educational level at every academic stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Regionales is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Ciencia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The objective of this analysis is to evaluate tobacco use and the level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) knowledge among the general adult population in Spain and to compare these results to those obtained in the 2011 survey. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, epidemiological study was conducted by telephone interviews and stratified by sex, age, and setting. The study design was identical to that of the study conducted in 2011. Results: Of a total of 89,601 phone contacts, there were 6534 respondents. The average age was 61.5 years. With respect to smoking, 30.9% reported being former smokers and 14.7% were current smokers, 63.6% of whom reported having attempted to quit. Among the current smokers, 19.7% claimed to use electronic cigarettes, although 88% believe these pose a health risk. No significant differences were found in smoking prevalence or frequency of attempts to quit according to residential setting (rural/urban). The highest prevalence of current smoking in men was recorded in the 55–64 years age range (31.6%), while in women it was from 45 to 54 years (34.6%). Smoking has decreased with respect to 2011, from 21.1% to 16.1% in men and from 17.9% to 13.2% in women, with a clear variability according to region. Of the population surveyed, 32.5% had spontaneous knowledge about COPD, with significant geographic variability. The most frequent sources of information about the disease were social media and the Internet (39.6%), followed by the media (35.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in adults has considerably decreased and there is greater knowledge about COPD in Spain, although there is significant variability according to region, which could explain the geographic variability in the prevalence of COPD. Strategies are needed to increase COPD education and awareness and to reinforce smoking prevention measures among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish scientific production and technology transfer that it entails are constantly growing, and consequently that of the Autonomous Communities as well. However, this does not mean that all the Autonomous Communities evolve in the same way, nor that they all implement the same policies. In this paper we present a comparison of investment in R&D&i, scientific production, and its transfer to the productive fabric of the seventeen Spanish Autonomous Communities in the period 2003-2020. The data used to carry out this work has been extracted from three of the platforms created by the SCImago group: SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJ&CR), SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) and SCImago Patents Rank (SPR) (under development) based on information included in Elsevier's Scopus database and PATSTAT. In total, 1,276,914 primary documents published in the 2003-2020 period have been recovered, signed by authors affiliated to Spanish institutions that have been disaggregated at the level of Autonomous Communities. With them, a battery of indicators of scientific production (12), its technological impact (5) and technology transfer (5) has been generated, in addition to its variation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Angiostrongylus vasorum (A. vasorum) is the causal agent of canine angiostrongylosis, an emerging disease in Europe. In Spain, A. vasorum mainly affects wild animals (red foxes and wolves), although studies in domestic dogs are scarce but show evidence of an expansion of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of A. vasorum in domestic dogs throughout Spain, taking into account that there were still provinces where this canine infection has not been studied. Blood samples from 5544 domestic dogs were collected from January 2020 to March 2022. These samples were tested for the presence of circulating A. vasorum antigens. The overall prevalence of canine angiostrongylosis in Spain was 1.39%. No significant differences were found for sex and age, but significant differences were found for habitat. Infected domestic dogs were reported in most Spanish provinces, with lower prevalence observed for inland provinces and higher prevalence observed for provinces along the coast, where climatic factors seem to be determinant in the establishment of the parasite. Canine angiostrongylosis is an emerging disease caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum, mainly affecting wild carnivores and dogs. In Spain, there are studies reporting infections in foxes, wolves, and badgers in different regions of the country. However, there are hardly any publications on its prevalence in dogs. The aim of this study was to complete and update the epidemiologic map of A. vasorum in dogs in Spain. A total of 5619 canine blood samples from all autonomous cities and provinces of Spain were collected and tested for the presence of circulating A. vasorum antigens. The overall apparent prevalence of canine A. vasorum infection in Spain was 1.39%. No significant differences were found for sex or age, but significant differences between outdoor and indoor/outdoor dogs were found. A high prevalence was also observed in the northern third of the country, where an oceanic climate prevails, being humid and rainy and where abundant vegetation can be found, thus favoring the proliferation of intermediate hosts. The results suggest that A. vasorum canine infections are heterogeneously present in a large part of the territory, demonstrating its expansion throughout the country, and therefore, awareness and prevention campaigns for this disease should be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for governments and health administrations at all levels to have an open data registry that facilitates decision-making in the planning and management of health resources and provides information to citizens on the evolution of the epidemic. The concept of “open data” includes the possibility of reutilization by third parties. Space and time are basic dimensions used to structure and interpret the data of the variables that refer to the health status of the people themselves. Hence, the main objective of this study is to evaluate whether the autonomous communities’ data files regarding Covid-19 are reusable to analyze the evolution of the disease in basic spatial and temporal analysis units at the regional and national levels. To this end, open data files containing the number of diagnosed cases of Covid-19 distributed in basic health or administrative spatial units and temporal units were selected from the portals of the Spanish autonomous communities. The presence of infection-related, demographic, and temporal variables, as well as the download format and metadata, were mainly evaluated. Whether the structure of the files was homogeneous and adequate for the application of spatial analysis techniques was also analyzed. The results reveal a lack of standardization in the collection of data in both spatial and temporal units and an absence of, or ambiguity in, the meaning of the variables owing to a lack of metadata. An inadequate structure was also found in the files of seven autonomous communities, which would require subsequent processing of the data to enable their reuse and the application of analysis and spatial modeling techniques, both when carrying out global analyses and when comparing patterns of evolution between different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Iberoamericano de Justicia Constitucional is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sprawy Miedzynarodowe / International Affairs is the property of Instytut Studiow Politycznych PAN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we explore the elements that have shaped the socio-historical configuration of the Third Sector of Social Action (TSSA) as a prominent actor in the Spanish welfare mix. Bearing in mind that this process of creation and expansion of private non-profit organisations operating in the social sphere has been parallel to the process of decentralisation of a large portion of the responsibility for the social policies of the Spanish welfare state to the Autonomous Communities, we examine the differences that have marked the particular trajectories of the TSSA in the Autonomous Communities. To this end, we have relied on secondary and primary (interviews and group meetings) sources collected in a selection of regional cases in the framework of the PECOTSAS project. We have structured the comparative analysis on the basis of three types of elements: a) the political conditions that enabled the TSSA; b) the structural conditions of economic and territorial development; and c) the social actors who have played a leading role in social mobilisation linked to TSSA organisations. The results suggest that the patterns of regional differentiation of the TSSA are rooted both in the forms of distribution of power resulting from the process of democratic transition and in the differences in the patterns of economic development, population distribution and historical traditions of social mobilisation in the Spanish regions, without losing sight of the fact that these elements also have an impact on intra-regional differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Third Sector of Social Action (TSSA) has gone from occupying a residual institutional position to one of greater centrality within the mixed welfare system in Spain. In the current context of decentralisation of the TSSA, which runs parallel and in a subsidiary manner to that of the Spanish "State of the Autonomies", there are few comparative studies on the regional dimension of the TSSA. The aim of this text is to analyse the institutional and socio-economic fit of the TSSA in different Spanish regions. This article begins by referring to the recent evolution of the Spanish Third Sector and to its main characteristics, followed by a comparative international and regional analysis of the different European Third Sector "models" and the main trends of change. Finally, it explores the presence of differential economic-institutional, socio-historical and social capital factors by analysing whether there is a general model for the development of the TSSA in Spain versus autonomous regional models. The empirical basis of this study is the carrying out of 48 in-depth interviews and 14 focus groups in seven Spanish Autonomous Communities among experts, managers and representatives of Third Sector organisations in the framework of the PECOTSAS project. The PECOTSAS project (Comparative Perspective on the Third Sector of Social Action) has been carried out between 2018 and 2021 and is funded by the 2017 Call for RDI Excellence Projects of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (RFA: CSO2017-85486-P). We conclude with the idea that there are territorial peculiarities over which a common style of action prevails, which does not allow us to refer either to a state-wide model of TSSA or to differentiated regional models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the general panorama of public subsidies granted to animated short films in Spain by the Governments of the Autonomous Communities between 2008-2019. A quantitative analysis of these regional subsidies for these films will be carried out. However, first, we will make a brief historicist approach to the implementation of these incentives for short films in the Autonomous Communities that have made them effective, as well as the legislative evolution dedicated to the promotion of these types of movies. The main objective of this study is to map the situation and economic evolution of the production of animated short films in Spain in that decade. The results show the relationship between the promotion of cultural policies in the above mentioned period in favor of the incentive of regional animated short films with the level of production of these films in different parts of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of culturally diverse students in the classrooms of educational centers suggests that the autonomous communities with educational powers in Spain address the issue in a rather complex way. The case that concerns us in this text centers on the legislative and organizational analysis of four autonomous communities in Spain: Cantabria, Asturias, Andalusia, and Valencia. Each of the territories analyzed has distinct characteristics in terms of the approaches taken in relation to this type of student body, derived not only from the number of such students present in the classrooms, but also from other criteria of an ideological nature and educational or pedagogical positioning given this reality. We move from a macro analysis to a more concrete one that tries to define what, who and how the autonomous communities and the educational centers coordinate this process. This leads us to the consideration of at least three elements that are related to this decision-making process: the legislation that results from this reality, the specific organization of the educational centers, and the structures that have been created ad-hoc to respond to diversity. The process must be understood from a broad view of the situation that goes beyond that which is exclusively school-based. We must not forget that this is a matter of human rights, of democratically agreed-upon values, and of establishing appropriate conditions so that rights and values can be made possible within educational contexts. Without forgetting this macro perspective, the analysis includes the way in which communities present the cultural project and how this is manifested in the official curriculum in the form of practices that are determined by the construction of an image of childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Derecho Constitucional is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the European Union has gradually overcome its «federal blindness» (Landes-blindheit), the participation of peripheral territorial authorities has yet to be perfected. This paper shows a comparative study of the bottom-up participation of Lander and autonomous communities in the European Union. While the German legal system encourages and facilitates internal (or indirect) participation, in Spain, the channels of external (or direct) participation essentially prevail. After exposing the existing ways of participation in both States, a critical conclusion is drawn to evaluate the interest and adaptation of the mechanisms and responses of one system in the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article quantifies personal income tax compliance by regions for the first time in Spain and identifies the factors explaining differences in tax compliance between regions, an aspect that has scarcely been analyzed in the literature. To this end, and in addition to the dynamic and spatial components considered by Alm and Yunus, this article considers the variables included in the classical tax evasion model of Allingham and Sandmo, as well as tax morale and political-institutional variables, including those linked to the country's fiscal decentralization. The results obtained confirm, on one hand, those reached in the very extensive literature studying tax evasion from the individual perspective (including the importance of the dynamic element) and, on the other, the relevance of the spatial component in explaining tax compliance, so that greater or lesser tax compliance is partly explained by factors such as the tax behavior of neighbors or how those neighbors are treated by the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Documentación Científica is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of aDResearch ESIC: International Journal of Communication Research / Revista Internacional de Investigación en Comunicación is the property of ESIC Business & Marketing School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the nature of intergovernmental relations (IGR) on immigrant integration in Spain, a relatively recent immigration country, with a focus on Catalonia. By means of qualitative document analysis and semi-structured interviews at both levels of government, the paper demonstrates that despite the formal existence of multilateral and institutionalized fora for intergovernmental relations, most intergovernmental relations on immigrant integration tend to be informal and bilateral. The paper also highlights that the conflictual nature of IGR on integration varies across sub-policy areas and over time. The paper contributes to strengthen existing hypotheses regarding institutional features (the distribution of competencies and the territorial organization of power) and party politics for explaining the patterns of IGR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper introduces the topic of the internal coordination of regional and local social security schemes in Spain. In the field of social security, the constitutional framework imposes different solutions in terms of the division of competences between State and Autonomous Communities, depending on the branch of (public) social protection. In the provision of long-term social care, for instance, both the State and the Autonomous Communities participate. Healthcare services are mainly provided by the Autonomous Communities without prejudice to certain aspects of the role played by the State. Social assistance through cash benefits or social services are exclusively provided by the Autonomous Communities, with the deep participation of local entities, especially in the case of social services. The paper outlines the extent of devolution and decentralisation, and the adjudication of competence and financial arrangements. The final section addresses some specific questions in healthcare, long-term social care and social assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Socioeconomic factors define the acquisition of advanced digital skills. • The difference between students and inactive persons in advanced digital skills has diminished. • The unemployed improved their advanced digital skills during the pandemic. • In order to analyse digital skills it is necessary to use different geographical scales. • There is greater convergence in advanced digital skills at regional level than at provincial level. The increasing digitalisation of the economy, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, requires the population to have advanced digital skills. In a decentralised country such as Spain, it is necessary to identify the population's model of digital skills acquisition by taking geographical variables into account. To this end, the aim of this research is to analyse the impact of socioeconomic and geographical variables on the level of advanced digital skills of the Spanish population including two spatial levels: regional (Autonomous Communities) and local (provinces) from 2015 to 2021. An ordered probit model is used with microdata provided by the Spanish National Statistics Institute's Survey on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households (ICT_H) for 2015, 2019 and 2021. The results of this study show that socioeconomic factors have a greater influence than geographical factors on the digital skills acquisition model. The model has undergone changes with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increase of advanced digital skills among the employed and the unemployed compared to inactive persons. Moreover, the importance of educational level is corroborated and the importance of daily Internet use increased during the pandemic. There was also less regional than provincial dispersion in the probability of converging in digital skills with the region and province of Madrid. This study contributes the evolution over time of the model of digital skills acquisition with socioeconomic and geographical variables, identifying intra-regional differences and indicating whether there is spatial dependence between regional and local levels in Spain, with a view to reducing them in terms of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies various probit/logit models to a database constructed by the authors, consisting of rulings by the Spanish Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional, TC) resolving positive conflicts of competence between the central government and the Autonomous Communities from 1981 to 2014. Our goal is to empirically contrast whether the TC is predisposed to favour the central government or if their rulings are determined by other motivations. According to the results we have obtained, the TC does not seem to be an extension in the jurisdictional milieu of the central executive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica de Castilla y León is the property of Junta de Castilla y Leon, Direccion de Servicios Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on tensions between the governments of Catalonia and Spain, using as a proxy the number of instances of litigations per year between these two bodies brought before the Constitutional Court between 1984 and 2014. On the one hand, descriptive statistics demonstrate that Catalonia is the most conflictive region in Spain. On the other hand, inferential statistics indicate that periods of absolute majority in the Spanish Parliament, the presence of a nationalist government in Catalonia, and funding problems of the Catalan Government tend to increase the number of inter-governmental conflicts with the Spanish Government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine incidence of COVID-19 in relationship to geographical distribution among Spain., Method: Cluster analysis taking into consideration the incidence of COVID-19 in the provinces and autonomous cities of Spain in each of the first six waves of the pandemic., Results: All the provinces of the Canary Islands, Catalonia and Andalusia form independent clusters. In Comunidad Valenciana, Galicia, País Vasco and Aragón two out of three provinces (three out of four in Galicia) were in the same cluster, with no other provinces., Discussion: The incidence of COVID-19 in Spain in the first six waves forms clusters that reproduce the territorial division of Spain into autonomous communities. Although this could be explained by greater mobility within a community, it cannot be ruled out that this distribution is due to differences in screening, diagnosis, registration or reporting of COVID-19 cases., (Copyright © 2023 FECA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

With a very high unemployment rate but at the first stage of a timid economic recovery, Spain held regional and local elections in May 2015. The election results showed the fall of traditional parties and the emergence of new forces and citizens' platforms, which increased the fragmentation of the party system. The PP (Partido Popular - Popular Party) continued to be the most voted-for party but post-election agreements brought the left to power in eight of the 14 regions that held elections, ending four years of conservative general dominance. After commenting on the context, the campaign and the results of the elections, this article explores the main characteristics of the new party competition and examines the profile of those voting for new political alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-level systems, state-wide parties are faced with particular challenges. Competing in elections on multiple levels of the polity, such parties juggle the desire for national recognizability and the need to be responsive to regional particularities. In this paper, I reflect on the delegation model of multi-level party politics, which is a theoretical perspective of great importance in the literature, arguing that the accuracy of the model depends on two critical assumptions. Based on these theoretical considerations, I develop the model further and apply it to the case of the two main Spanish state-wide parties, the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) and the Partido Popular (PP). More specifically, the programmatic positions of their regional branches are analyzed, and it is shown that the framework manifestos issued by the national party organizations shape these to a large extent. While this case is used to illustrate the illuminating potential of the extended delegation model, the paper is similarly attentive to the limitations of the model and also hints at the implications for our conception of democracy in multi-level systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defines, structure and allocates subsidies to agricultural production in the European Union. The CAP is subject to the guidelines of the World Trade Organization (WTO), especially after the Agriculture Agreement (1994). This work aims to determine the regional distribution of domestic support received from the CAP in Spain and their classification according to the methodology of the WTO. Domestic support is associated with WTO compartments: green box, blue and amber. It analyzes and compares the evolution of the boxes, to infer the current situation of Spain and its adaptation to WTO rules. The results suggest that Spain is gradually adapting to the WTO agricultural criteria, but at a slow pace: growing the green box and reduces the blue and amber, but in some regions the green box still represents only a small percentage of the total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Spanish universities meet the educational needs of the students with a wide offer of courses and the opportunity to study at all levels. They appear as an attractive option in the context of the relatively low cost of living compared to other countries in the EU area and under conditions of a tax system controlled by the Government. Starting from the assumption that the financing model of the academic education public institutions represents the foundation of their modernization in the current society based on changes and evolution, in this paper we propose to bring into the light of the concerns of those who are interested, through a persuasive exhibit, the Spanish model and its specific features. To this end, our debate will begin with a description of the Spanish system of academic education under the decentralized model of financing imprint, continuing with the presentation of specific skills in terms of funding on the triptych template: state - autonomous communities - universities. Subsequently, our investigative approach will focus on detailing the tertiary education financing sources: public resources, private and patrimonial revenues. The end of our presentation will be intended for conclusions, through which we aim to advance our vision regarding the investigated problems. In fact, the paper is intended to be a precursor step in carrying out a comparative study between the academic education funding mechanism in Romania and the Spanish one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between the form of fiscal decentralization in Spain and the rise in tensions between the Spanish and Catalan governments during the financial crisis, in particular from mid-2010 to mid-2013. As a profound budgetary crisis unfolded at regional government level in Spain, long-standing disputes over the regional financing system and its methods of redistribution among the seventeen autonomous communities escalated. Most notably, Catalonia, one of the most indebted regions, attributed its financial woes in part to over-redistribution. This is not a straightforward connection, but the lack of clarity regarding both the workings of the regional financing system and the causes of the regions' varying levels of fiscal (in)compliance reduced accountability and fuelled disputes among central and regional governments, giving both sides scope to offer different interpretations. The smoke and mirrors regarding regional finances combined with the nature of intergovernmental dynamics in Spain contribute to explaining the persistent inability to resolve regional fiscal problems and agree a long-lasting reform of the regional financing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In last decades the concept of asymmetric arrangement of the state administration, that endeavours to reflect historical, ethnic, religious, linguistic or geographic features of defined regions, has become popular in many countries. This study deals with one of the most discussed representatives of the above mentioned type of political-administrative division of a state, namely with the Spanish model of regionalism, anchored in legal and political system of the Kingdom of Spain by the Constitution of 1978. Brief theoretical introduction, classifying Spanish model into the typology of states according to its inner arrangement, is followed by a description of historical development of the Iberian Peninsula. The emphasis is first of all on the position of regions in each described epoch, respectively, since it is here where the origins of current administrative division of Spain can be found. In the crucial part of the study not just the Constitution of 1978, that enabled the creation of autonomous communities, is analyzed from legal perspective, but also basic documents of these territorial units, i.e. the statutes of autonomy, based on which the degree of competencies of a given community can be determined. The study also pays attention to important political agreements that since 1980s have influenced the shape of Spanish regional state, giving it today's form. In its conclusion the study attempts to sum up the advantages and disadvantages of Spanish regionalism and to estimate its future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in this work an analysis is carried out to show the differences regarding the implementa-tion of legislative powers on Income Tax in the Spanish Autonomous Communities, particularly on tax rates. In order to undertake this, a comparative study on tax liability is made, through three simulations involving different labour incomes: approximately 16,500 EUR; 71,000 EUR and 355,000 EUR. This comparison aims at depicting the actual impact of the above mentioned legislative powers on the entire workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Económicas CUC is the property of Corporacion Universidad de la Costa, CUC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the impact of the policies implemented by five Autonomous Communities -- Navarre, Castile and Leon, the Basque Country, Castile-La Mancha and La Rioja -- on parental leave use. The research adopts a quasi experimental design, which is known in public policy evaluation as difference-in-difference. The analysis is based on a subsample which stems from the «Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales» (wave 2006), and is comprised of 94,493 people who were entitled to parental leave in the 1996-2006 period. The results show a positive effect of Navarre and Castile and Leon's policies and confirm the relevance of benefit levels versus other design characteristics. However, none of these policies have an effect on men's use of parental leave, even in the case of those Autonomous Communities that have implemented positive discrimination measures. This article analyses the impact of the policies implemented by five Autonomous Communities -- Navarre, Castile and Leon, the Basque Country, Castile-La Mancha and La Rioja -- on parental leave use. The research adopts a quasi experimental design, which is known in public policy evaluation as difference-in-difference. The analysis is based on a subsample which stems from the «Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales» (wave 2006), and is comprised of 94,493 people who were entitled to parental leave in the 1996-2006 period. The results show a positive effect of Navarre and Castile and Leon's policies and confirm the relevance of benefit levels versus other design characteristics. However, none of these policies have an effect on men's use of parental leave, even in the case of those Autonomous Communities that have implemented positive discrimination measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the impact of the policies implemented by five Autonomous Communities -- Navarre, Castile and Leon, the Basque Country, Castile-La Mancha and La Rioja -- on parental leave use. The research adopts a quasi experimental design, which is known in public policy evaluation as difference-in-difference. The analysis is based on a subsample which stems from the «Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales» (wave 2006), and is comprised of 94,493 people who were entitled to parental leave in the 1996-2006 period. The results show a positive effect of Navarre and Castile and Leon's policies and confirm the relevance of benefit levels versus other design characteristics. However, none of these policies have an effect on men's use of parental leave, even in the case of those Autonomous Communities that have implemented positive discrimination measures. This article analyses the impact of the policies implemented by five Autonomous Communities -- Navarre, Castile and Leon, the Basque Country, Castile-La Mancha and La Rioja -- on parental leave use. The research adopts a quasi experimental design, which is known in public policy evaluation as difference-in-difference. The analysis is based on a subsample which stems from the «Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales» (wave 2006), and is comprised of 94,493 people who were entitled to parental leave in the 1996-2006 period. The results show a positive effect of Navarre and Castile and Leon's policies and confirm the relevance of benefit levels versus other design characteristics. However, none of these policies have an effect on men's use of parental leave, even in the case of those Autonomous Communities that have implemented positive discrimination measures. INSET: 71;. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late 2004, the Conference for EU-Related Affairs (CARUE) approved two agreements governing the participation of the autonomous communities in the Council of the European Union and its preparatory bodies. After more than seven years of implementation, the system is not bringing the expected results. The problems identified in practice in a context, moreover, of institutional and economic crisis, call for new approaches. The following paper analyses the main obstacles that have arisen since the implementation of the 2004 agreements with a view to determining future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the theoretical lessons from the results of the research project into the reforms of CARUE (Conference for EU-Related Affairs), between the Spanish state and the autonomous communities. To that end, the article begins by explaining the theoretical and methodological premises on which our research is based, and then summarises the main findings of our research, paying particular attention to the question of whether or not these reforms have empowered the autonomous communities as political actors within the framework of European governance. Finally, the results are used to reflect back on the dominant theoretical approaches to European governance and the role played by the regions within it; the conclusion is that any theoretical model that seeks to successfully deal with these questions must be sensitive to different national traditions and must understand the importance of historical inertias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agreements signed at the Conference for EU-Related Affairs (CARUE) in November 2004 represented an attempt to ensure the formal participation of Spain's autonomous communities in the Council of the EU and its preparatory bodies. The role that the offices and delegations of the autonomous communities play in Brussels in this entire process is fundamental, because in practice they represent an important part of this participation, even if is not envisaged within the 2004 agreements. However, the diversity of the offices in terms of resources, the current context of economic crises and the fact that it could allow escape positive secondary effects for the autonomous communities themselves suggest the need to adopt another model of participation, where the offices and delegations would instead be a vehicle to back up the autonomous communities engaged in formal regional participation, rather than the protagonists of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent sentence of the Constitutional Court 6/2002, of 18 January 2012, which has solved to positive conflict of jurisdiction raised between the Autonomous Communities of Catalonia and Aragon, there is been pronounced on the conservation of artworks temporarily deposited in institutions museum. Specifically, it has been argued that the regional administration competent for conservation is the one in whose territory they it plows located such work. However, the scope of such to statement cannot be separated from the unique characteristics of the factual marries on which is pronounced the TC and the object of the constitutional process itself delimited in the STC 6/2012. Scope that is discussed in this commentary jurisprudential and from which it is clear that the statements contained in the STC 6/2002 may only be applied to the assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indicators based on citizens' satisfaction that enable territorial comparisons of the performance of public policies could be useful in decentralized States. But what accounts for citizen (dis)satisfaction with these policies? We examine Spaniards' satisfaction with three policies: education, health care (whose competencies lie with the Autonomous Communities) and pensions (Central Government) by utilizing a representative regional-level survey. We conclude that there are differences in the degree of satisfaction with these policies across regions, especially in cases where regional governments hold the main responsibility. The differences among degrees of satisfaction still remain, albeit to a lesser extent, even after controlling for individual and contextual variables. On the basis of these findings, the next step should be to analyze the extent to which different degrees of satisfaction are due to different patterns of policy management in education and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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