Search

Ant nests were studied in three olive orchards under different agricultural management located 20 km away from Granada City, Spain. In each orchard, It was monitored the area covered by 60 trees (six contiguous rows of 10 trees each) and five transects of 100 m long and 1 m wide on the alleyways among the tree rows. It was determined for each ant specie, the number of active nests in the ground under each tree crown -9 m²/tree- and in the alleyways -100 m²/alley- for a period of 15 min per tree and per transect between 09:00 and 14:00 hours, during May, July and September of 1997 and 1998. It was also determined the number of ant nests within the tree trunk through five-minute observation intervals. Results indicate that disturbances caused by cultural practices affect the number and abundance of ant nests in the ground under the trees and in the alleys. Olive orchards with an ecological management (Arenales) or abandoned (Colomera 2) showed significantly higher nest density in the ground below the tree than the orchard with pesticide application (Colomera 1). This orchard did not show any nest in the alleys. Cultural practices and pesticide applications done in the abandoned olive orchard resulted in the increase of subsidiary nests and their posterior decrease. Eighty-year old olive trees (Arenales) show nests in their trunks, while 25-year old trees do not show them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study has been made of the presence of ants in 60 olive trees in each of three orchards under different agricultural management in the province of Granada (southern Spain), during the months of May, July and September 1997, using both observational methods as well as the collection of specimens from the soil and trunk and the tree canopy. A total of 18 species of ants were identified, 16 of which were present in the orchard of Arenales, four in Colomera 1, and nine in Colomera 2. The number of species varies over the survey, being greatest before the flowering of the trees, this period coinciding with the lowest temperatures. The species Tapinoma nigerrimum (Nylander) was the only species present in all the samplings of the olive orchards, and the other common species in the three zones proved to be: Messor barbarus (L. 1767), Tetramorium semilaeve André and Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latr.). Most of the species found made their nests in the soil under the tree canopy, and only four species nested exclusively in open areas. Ten species foraged in the tree and seven foraged in groups. The three olive orchards were similar in phenology, temperature and humidity, and therefore the differences in the myrmecofauna at the different sites were attributed to agricultural practices at each site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]