Search

The paper aimed to present alternative against the pathogen Pyrenophora teres (anamorph Drechslera teres) which parasitizes barley crop in western parts of Romania even beginning with late autumn period, observing the evolution and symptoms spreading of this fungus. Across the world, Pyrenophora teres causing the net blotch of barley is regarded as the major foliar disease in Hordeum vulgare L. Throughout its two form of Phyrenophora teres, however different from genetical point of view, P. teres f. sp. maculata and P. teres f. sp. teres causes economic losses by reducing yield and grain quality and poor emergence in area with a high biological pressure of the pathogen. The trial extends for two years (2019-2020, 2020-2021) in the same area of cropping (monoculture system) using same seed treatment list and following the seed-borne cereal fungi assessment protocol [(EPPO 1/19 (4)]. Trial setup consisted in complete randomized blocks, 6 treatments like fludioxinil, fluxapyroxad and mixture, every plot measuring 10 m2 and observations performed an al plants/1 m in length sample. When treated with two active ingredients the result obtained exerts an efficacy up to 98%, maintained in both trial years compared with the untreated plots where the pathogen was well established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feeding habits of a three orphaned red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris were observed during spring, in Western part of Romania, Arad county. Observations on the behavior of squirrel baby were made from 3 weeks to 12 weeks, when the squirrels were released into the wild. The baby squirrels were found fallen from the tree, together with the nest. At about 3 - 4 weeks of age, the feeding takes place 9 times a day, at 6 weeks of age, the number of feeds begins to decrease, is the period when diversification begins by introducing some seeds and nuts in the diet. In terms of weight, the baby weighed about 50 g when they were found, and will reach a weight of 100 g in week 8, and a weight of about 200 grams at about 10 weeks. The paper provides information regarding feeding pattern the first day after finding an orphaned baby squirrel until release into the wild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to report the presence of Asclepias syriaca in agroecosystems in Romania. The species Asclepias syriaca L. is part of the Apocynaceae or Asclepiadaceae family, since 2018, it has been observed in corn culture, in western part of Romania. The study was conducted in 2019-2021, in eight counties (Alba, Arad, Caraș-Severin, Mureș, Sibiu, Satu-Mare, Sibiu, Timiș) in May-August. The species Asclepias syriaca was present in seven counties (Alba, Arad, Mureș, Sibiu, Satu - Mare, Sibiu, Timiș), both in the plain areas (77 m altitude) and in the hills area (412 m altitude). The study carried out in Romania showed that the species is present in the agroecosystems of: corn, alfalfa, sunflower, wheat, soybean. Up to date, there are no studies in Europe that indicate the presence of Asclepias syriaca in the sunflower agroecosystem. We consider that this species, which is classified by EPPO as an invasive species for Europe, will become a weed problem for Romanian crops, due to its strong competitive capacity, due to the rhizomatic root system and the plant's property to produce allelopathic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more years since the first notification, the following species of pests Metcalfa pruinosa, Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys are still present in agroecosystems in Romania. The high polyphagism, the easy adaptability to new areas and host plant species as well as the lack of a well-defined strategy to fight are characteristics that have contributed to maintaining an active population that still produces damage. Through the present paper, we have proposed to bring attention to their evolution since their first signalling on various plant species from various agroecosystems. We also focused on the current analysis of the numerical level of the active and inactive stages and the damages produced in agricultural and horticultural crops in the west of the country, in period 2020-2022. As a result of the evolution study, it was found that all 3 targeted species are still present on a large number of plant species from agro-horticultural crops composition (both in open or closed spaces). The active (nymphs and adults) and inactive (eggs) stages were observed on the analysed plants and their level was high especially in the species of M. pruinosa and H. halys, while the species of N. viridula species, registered a slight decrease. Thus, the damages produced were commensurate with the numerical level. Continuous monitoring of these highly agile polyphagous pests is necessary to prevent the gradual increase in populations in public places (parks) and the extension to plants in agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) is a relative a invasive species, highly poliphagous, species of solanaceous, legumes, cruciferous, malvaceous, grasses and other plants are affected. Considering that the insect which make the subject of this scientifically paper is a species detected in our country but unregistered and unlocalized as a dangerous species we want to bring to attention potential spread and adaptation to new plant species, especially legumes and ornamental plants. Observations were made in Timis county in the western part of Romania (Timis), during the years 2013 and 2014. It was taken under observation by three types of plants (tomato crop, green space and fruit tree plantation). The observations on plants have shown that N. viridula affected all four varieties of tomatoes, especially on fruits, both green and mature stage. In green space only adults and nymphs was observed on follow ornamental plants: Syringa vulgaris, Lonicera japonica, Hibiscus sp. and Magnolia liliiflora. Comparative study between Prunus persica and Prunus persica var. nucipersica made in fruit tree plantation has revealed that insect affected only the last one. N. viridula is a dangerous species for Romania with high expansion potential on new host plant and new surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cicada considered for this study is Metcalfa pruinosa (Say), called flatid plant hopper, a species that has recently caught the attention of experts in Romania. In year 2010, it was seen for the first time in the western part of country and it was identified by some routine observations. Is considered a non-native species knowing that originated in America. Objectives focused primarily exploration the territory in the western part, in order to report the first larval colonies and secondly identification of host plants. Observations were made during three years, 2011 to 2013 and included several points located near the western border. For monitoring of the immature stages (larvae, nymphs) direct observations were made in green spaces, parks, vineyards and orchards. Having in mind that larva is the most important stage, if we refer to damage plants, all our attention was directed to this. Somewhat, the results certify the polyphagism of this species, indicating numerous species of infested plants. Among, frequently infested with larval colonies, in green spaces, were Acer negundo, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Catalpa bignonioides, Juglans regia, Ligustrum vulgare, Hibiscus syriacus, etc. On the other hand, in the vineyards and orchards, plants affected were Malus domestica, Persica vulgaris, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus domestica and Vitis vinifera. Currently, in the western part of Romania, over 50 host plants were identified, tree species (shrubs, trees, fruit-trees), culture plants (sunflower, soybean) and a lot of herbaceous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most recently reported arthropod species in Europe is the oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata (Insect Class: Order Hemiptera: Tingidae Family). Through this paper we aimed to highlight the adaptation of the insect on new plant species and the implications it has on it. Our study focused on a species very present in the decorative arrangements of gardens and green spaces, namely the Japanese quince (Chaenomeles spp.). The observations were made between April and October during 2020, in three green spaces and two private gardens in the peripheral areas of Timisoara or in the surrounding localities. Accidentally, the insect was reported on this plant, the previous observations being focused primarily on the species mentioned in the literature, in generally on Quercus sp. That is why we turned our attention to Japanese quince and watched the evolution of populations and damage to these plant species. From the observations of bushes from each space analysed, we found that the species is present in all these, in various population levels. Out of a total of 3230 individuals, most specimens found were adult forms associated with eggs, but also immature forms (larvae and nymphs) were found on plants. The first specimens were reported at the end of May, the maximums were recorded at the beginning of June and the last specimens were found at middle of October. Among the areas under study, shrubs in private gardens were by far the most attacked because the population level was also high. And the distance from the Green Forest, due to the presence of oak (which are favourite plants) was taken into account and, as a conclusion, we can say that in the spaces located less than 1 km from it the number of specimens was higher and farther (over 3 km) the fewer specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrips fed especially on flowers petals after bud break, causing losses in blossom quality. This research work covers the observations of the species composition of thrips and the periods of the occurrence of the particulars species of thrips and their numerousness. The analysis of the thrips specific diversity pointed out a taxonomic spectrum of 12 species, four of those species of thrips, Frankliniella intonsa, Taeniothrips inconsequens, Thrips fuscipennis and Thrips major var. banatica, were recorded as the most important insect pest on rose in western part of Romania. Regarding to the geographical distribution, our studies highlights the dominance of the West-Palaeartic elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte adults (western corn rootworm) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) extended the range of host plants and also the spreading area in Romania. Though, until recently it was associated only with corn plant (it highlighted the research in Europe) today we can say that this invasive insect, in adult stage, became oligophagous. The current state of research in the field, somewhat restrained, outlines the monitoring aspects of morphology, biology, control and less at plant atractivity. This is the main reason in addressing current topics. Also, if we want to answer the question is Diabrotica virgifera virgifera still considered a dangerous pest from crops of Romania? the answer is definitely positive. The research took place over the course of tho years of study 2011 and 2012. In our studies we used observation cages type I and II (small cages and high cages). Thus for the evaluation of trophic preferences were achieved through the determination of frequency and intensity of attacks on various plants. In the experimental covered setting is obvious attraction towards other than corn comparative with uncovered setting. By far, the preferred were plants from Cucurbitaceae and Leguminosae. According to the observations made on the leaves with the highest average attack occurred at the plants of melon, soybean and beans. The damage done by insects on flowers have highlighted orientation towards plants of sunflower, cucumber and melon. Between variants down to the various plant species in relation to the total number of leaves, flowers, leaves and flowers attacked. Actually, this species invaded the corn crops in western, southern counties, the Nordic and central Romania and damaged few crops. But we supposed that in follow soon will be present throughout the country and the attractiveness of the new plants will grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Halyomorpha halys is an arthropod insect (Arthropoda: Insect: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) that has recently appeared in various places, disrupting both good plant growth but also human comfort and habitat. Although in Romania it was reported 4-5 years ago, and in the western part (Banat) 2-3 years ago, no obvious damages or invasions in the human habitat were recorded. And this is explainable, because at the beginning of the installation in a new area the population level of sting bugs is low. Through the present work we intend to bring to attention the pre-wintering behavior of this species. The period in which the observations were made included 2 months (September and October) of the current year (2019). The place of these observations was conducted in a private mixed garden in Timis county that includes many species of vegetables, fruit trees, ornamental plants, lawn grass, terrace and house. It is interesting the behavior that these stink bugs have during the autumn period, specifically before hibernation. Analyzing their activity at different times of the day I found that they behave differently, being in a continuous movement. At lower temperatures of the day (below 18-20°C) they were removed to sheltered places (terraces, objects present on terraces, warehouses, under layers of leaves, among stones, etc.). At higher temperatures (over 20°C) during the day, the adult forms migrated to the still green plants and continued to feed. There is a dynamic of their flight during this period expressed by chaotic movements from shady to bright places (where the sun is present) and vice versa when the temperatures and intensity become unbearable for them. Being large insects, they can be easily observed in preferred places. Usually they are extremely active and mobile at temperatures between 20-28°C, when the flight was more intense. The aggression of the attack on the plants differs depending on the presence and variety of the preferred plants and the maintenance of the organs of the plant in a green state. In conclusion, this insect has become in the last year (2019) a big problem both for the plants of culture (agricultural, horticultural), for the ornamental ones but especially for the houses of the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize has been and continues to occupy a major place, being one of the most cultivated plants in Europe. Romania and, in particular, the western part of the country provides a great deal of corn production. As such, special care should be taken to protect these plants against harmful organisms and especially insects. There are currently some species that affect corn crops, and these include Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (western corn rootworm), Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) and Helicoverpa armigera (corn earworm). All three species have one particularity. So, Diabrotica is an invasive species that has a great ability to move and few natural enemies. Ostrinia is hard to fight, and there is no clear strategy at the moment. Helicoverpa is known to be highly resistant to insecticides, as well as the previous species. Taking into account all this, in the present paper we have proposed to evaluate the current state of population density of the above-mentioned insects from 10 different maize hybrids. The corn hybrids tested were selected according to the maturity group and their availability on the market. These were included in different maturity groups, such as semi-early, early and semi-early. The FAO classification included groups 300 and 400. The test site was Nerau in Timis County (western Romania) and the period covered 2 years, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Assessment of the population level of each species has been done specifically, depending on the size of the insect and the possibility of better catching them. Thus, colorful panel traps for the species Coleoptera and box-type traps for butterfly species were used. Traps were placed 3 in each batch following the manufacturer's instructions. In all the experimental lots the three harmful species were present in great dimension but the population level did not differ much from hybrid to hybrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, in the parks and gardens of urban and rural areas in Romania, the harmful species Coreus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758) has been often observed. After analyzing the information set, we found that there is little information at the national and even international level about the phytophagous character and its host plants. Until recently, the species was not a problem. That's why we proposed that through the present work, we would see the causes that led to the increase in its population. Through our 2-year study, 2021-2022 in 4 places in western Romania, we noticed that the insect is present especially in areas with various plant species in warm springs and summers. From the findings, it is obvious that the species is frequent in great color variability, at a high and very high level/the analyzed plant (n=3; n=6) in the 2 urban localities compared to the rural localities, where it was present at a low and absent level (n= 1.0; n=0.0). The ornamental plants with host potential were identified as follows: Chaenomeles japonica, Rosa l., Lavandula sp., Magnolia liliiflora, Convallaria majalis but also spontaneous plants such as Cirsium arvense. Most specimens were found on Chaenomeles and Rosa, where both adults and nymphs were observed feeding on sap from leaves, stems, inflorescences or seeds from inflorescences. The warm sunny periods of the day are favorable for its activity. We can conclude that the species has harmful potential due to the population growth or widening of the range of host plants, but we suspect that it is also due to the high temperatures in the summer and the places protected from the wind in autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]