Search

Currently, self-report measures are the primary assessment tool for anxiety disorders. Since they have some limitations, alternative measurements, such as language-based measures, are worth investigating. This paper explores which language markers signal anxiety in fictitious stories written in response to four Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) cards. Participants (n = 492) from a non-probabilistic convenience sample were asked to write a short story next to each TAT card after completing the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. We used RoLIWC2015 to conduct the text analysis and applied the LASSO method to identify which language markers predict anxiety. The results showed that the respondents scoring high on anxiety also tend to use more words expressing negative emotions, and fewer words expressing positive emotions. Moreover, their language contained a higher frequency of words that implied semantic differentiation (i.e., but, else) and a lower frequency of words indicating leisure. In conclusion, this paper aims to shed new light on the multimethod assessment of anxiety, mainly focused on specific language signatures as reliable predictors of anxiety symptoms. Further research using more extensive text data is recommended to discover more linguistic markers and improve prediction accuracy.

Background: Long-term care of a relative with a disability is associated with negative consequences on the caregiver's mental health. Therefore, investigating how some personality traits, such as resilience, protect caregivers with dysfunctional personality traits from caregiving stress is necessary. This study examines the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between caregiver's personality dysfunction and care stress. Methods: A total of 224 family caregivers of children and adults with developmental disabilities participated in this cross-sectional research. They completed self-report measures of resilience, personality dysfunction, and care stress. Results: The results show that medium and high levels of resilience protect familial caregivers from the adverse effects of personality dysfunction on stress. The relationship is maintained for three of the five dysfunctional personality traits (antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism). Conclusions: From a theoretical point of view, the results show the contribution of the dimensional personality model to the study of caregiving stress. From a practical standpoint, the results can be used to optimise the resilience of familial caregivers, providing them with tools to take better care of their relatives.

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most disturbing event in the lifetime of most of our planet's citizens. The lockdown measures directly impacted many areas of our lives, including the educational sector, because locking down countries meant implicitly locking down the educational system. Moreover, what was first considered a temporary solution for an extraordinary situation began to look more and more like a medium to long-term general rule. Nevertheless, the questions are: are we all ready to move the entire educational process online and fully understand the challenges and implications for all stakeholders involved? This two-part research aims to provide some answers to these questions by identifying and analyzing the perceptions of Romanian engineering students enrolled at "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi (TUIASI) regarding the changes registered in the past year once the emergency e-learning situation started. The first part of the research was conducted between April and May 2020 through an online survey among 134 engineering students. It aimed at identifying the students' perception of the online learning systems provided by their university, considering the significant speed with which changes were imposed. In addition, this research phase focused on students' access to resources and knowledge to use and integrate online learning into their study routine. The second part of the research was carried out after almost a year of e-learning between March and April 2021 and consisted of six online focus groups with 36 students and aimed at identifying the main advantages and challenges students experience throughout the online educational process. The research revealed that although students are digital natives, they still have difficulties harnessing e-learning's advantages and integrating them into their study routine. Another significant aspect refers to the changing role of the professor perceived not only as an instructor but as a mentor during a time of crisis. The study results can offer higher education institutions insight and valuable information that can be used in designing and implementing online and hybrid activities and classes that better fit the students' needs and expectations in terms of e-learning.

The current study's aim was to assess the contribution of empathic perspective-taking to the relationship between attachment security and children's risk of maladjustment. A sample of 212 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old was included in this study. Children completed the Attachment Story Completion Task and a modified version of the Kids' Empathic Development Scale. Teachers and parents rated children's externalizing/internalizing problems by employing the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form, and the Child Behavior Checklist, respectively. Results supported the notion that the indirect path from attachment security to externalizing problems was negatively mediated by empathic perspective-taking related to negative (but not positive) emotions. Similarly, the same component of empathic perspective-taking negatively mediated the relationship between attachment security and internalizing problems. These findings indicate that empathic perspective-taking in relation to negative emotions might serve to promote preschoolers' reduced risk of mental health problems.

The aims of the current study were (1) to replicate findings regarding the mediator role of emotion regulation (ER) between attachment and empathy; (2) to extend current knowledge by testing the moderator effect of ER on the relationship between attachment and empathy; and (3) to test an integrative moderated mediation model in which attachment was hypothesized to moderate its indirect effect on empathy. The sample included 212 preschoolers aged three- to five-years old. Attachment, ER, and empathic perspective-taking were assessed by employing child interviews. The results confirmed that more secure attachment patterns foster higher ER awareness, which in turn is associated with higher levels of empathy; the strongest relationship between attachment and empathy occurs at below-average ER awareness; and the strength of the indirect effect of attachment on empathy through ER decreases as attachment security increases. These findings have implications for designing and implementing preventive interventions for preschoolers.

The comprehension of constituent questions is an important topic for language acquisition research and for applications in the diagnosis of language impairment. This article presents the results of a study investigating the comprehension of different types of questions by 5-year-old, typically developing children across 19 European countries, 18 different languages, and 7 language (sub-)families. The study investigated the effects of two factors on question formation: (a) whether the question contains a simple interrogative word like "who" or a complex one like "which princess", and (b) whether the question word was related to the sentential subject or object position of the verb. The findings show that there is considerable variation among languages, but the two factors mentioned consistently affect children's performance. The cross-linguistic variation shows that three linguistic factors facilitate children's understanding of questions: having overt case morphology, having a single lexical item for both "who" and "which", and the use of synthetic verbal forms.

The digitalization of public administration is a pertinent and significant subject matter at the European Union level, and by extension, at the national level in Romania. The primary goal of this study is to examine the process of digitalization in public administration and assess the implications generated by the adoption of e-government services on several macroeconomic variables, namely economic growth, quality of life and potential growth. In this perspective, we shall undertake an analysis of the advantages that digitalization confers, as well as the trajectory that digitalization follows within Romania's public administration. Also, the paper shows several models of best practices with varying levels of digitalization observed within public administration and public services at the European Union (EU) level, as a possible direction that Romanian policy makers can adopt, considering the current level of digitalization and the competitiveness environment al EU level when it comes to the future of IT&C. The paper concludes that countries that had a forward-looking perspective and adopted digitalization measures for public administration in the past will now use the Recovery and Resilience Funds to develop Internet 4.0 elements to solve problems and compute data, as a way of revolutionizing how governments operate and serve their citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new operational programmes for the programming period 2021-2027 prepared by Romania in the context of EU Cohestion Policy have been recently approved by the European Commission. There have been 16 operational programmes created, that will be financed partly by European funds and partly by national contribution of Romania, summing up a total of 46 billion EUR. The non-reimbursable funds will be available to beneficiaries in the forthcoming period for implementing projects throughout the country and accomplishing investments in the healthcare system, transportation networks, modernisations of water infrastructure and energy systems, in educational infrastructure and tourism and for human resources development and business environment support. This article contributes to the specialty literature on European funds received by Romania as a Member State of the European Union, by presenting the new architecture of European funds set up for the period 2021-2027, the institutional framework put in place and the operational programmes prepared by the Romanian authorities and recently approved by the European Commission. We analyse the funds allocations per operational programmes and consider the main evolutions as compared to the construction used in the prior periods. The design of the operational programmes and the institutional framework underwent some distinctive changes with a view to simplify and make more efficient the process of accessing the EU funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with issues related to the increase in the cost of purchasing energy, following the secondary effects related to the liberalization of the markets, which will lead the main clients from the business environment in Romania to conclude that the increase in the cost of energy is a consequence of the decisions established by the main players in the market, those who provide energy and natural gas, decisions aimed at maximizing their profit. In a much more detailed research, a series of remarks can be made, such as that at the basis of the increase in the purchase regarding the fluctuations in the cost of natural gas cost variations of energy and natural gas that consumers have to bear, there are a multitude of aspects imposed by the European Union. and energy, fluctuations that have proven to have created fluctuations in the business environment in our country over time. Following the research carried out, we can conclude that the main causes of the energy and natural gas market that create imbalances in the business environment are: - stock market fluctuations which in the current context have proven to be very dynamic and very unpredictable in extremely sudden changes; - energy import and transformations generated by cross-border flows; - the return to the consumption recorded before the pandemic period; - the reorganization of the geopolitical space based on the decisions imposed by the Russian Federation has a very big impact; - non-exploitation of natural gas stocks from warehouses to the maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vocational training and education are key component of economic and social progress, mainly in the current stage of development based on knowledge and digitalisation. The importance of the educational process for a sustainable development is more emphasized in Romania, on the one hand due to the internal economic and social gaps and on the other hand due to the current reduced contribution of education to economic growth. The current health and economic crisis accentuate the material difficulties of the rural population and the access to education. In this context, the pronounced gap between rural and urban areas should be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial auditors, members of the recognized national professional bodies, provide independent services such as statutory audit of the annual financial statements published by economic entities and other financial audit services, out of which an important category is represented by the financial audit of projects financed through European funds. In this paper, we present a comparative study of the way these two activities are undertaken in Romania, from the point of view of the aspects concerning the regulatory and the transparency status of the audit services delivered. Following our analysis, we will present the common elements that have been identified between the two audit fields, the most important being the significant public interest presented by the audited information, the verification of the accounting of some complex economic transactions, the possibility of the appearance of errors and frauds in the process of the preparation and presentation of the audited information and the specific financial audit procedures that are applied by financial auditors in their audit work. Further, we will highlight the main differences existing between the two fields, respectively the legislative regulation as opposed to performing the audits based on the options of the management authorities or of the beneficiaries of the European funding, the different audit supervising bodies (ASPAAS - The Authority for Public Supervision of the Statutory Audit Activity and, respectively, CAFR - The Chamber of Financial Auditors of Romania) and the situation regarding the ensuring of the transparency of the audit activities performed. As a result of this research, we draw conclusions about the necessity and the means through which the financial audit of EU-funded projects can be better organized, monitored and exploited in order to support the protection of the financial interests of the European Union and implicitly of the European citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child poverty is a structural issue and a persisting challenge in Romania. According to the latest figures published by Eurostat, 4 in 10 children were at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2020, almost double compared to the EU27 average. For 2022, the Government decided to increase the universal child benefit by 14% and 41%, depending on the age and the health status of children. The aim of this analysis is to gauge the impact of rising universal child allowance in reducing child poverty in Romania. For this purpose, our paper makes use of the EUROMOD, the EU tax-benefit microsimulation model based on the 2019 EU-SILC database. The main takeaway of this analysis is that increasing universal child allowance has only a marginal impact on children poverty and should not be seen as the sole ingredient to solve this multidimensional phenomenon. In order to tackle this delicate situation, authorities should put in place a coherent strategy at national level, with targeted measures and effective investment. Furthermore, the Government should take full advantage of the Recovery and Resilience Fund and implement reforms to improve the welfare of children, with focus on disadvantaged groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial auditors, members of the Romanian Chamber of Financial Auditors, are involved in the activity of verifying that the implementation of EU-funded projects is compliant with the relevant national and European legislation. They conclude audit contracts with the beneficiaries of European funds, perform external financial audit services upon the projects’ implementation activities and provide audit reports which are presented by beneficiaries to the management authorities in order to certify the eligibility of projects’ expenses for reimbursement. In this paper, our aim is to perform a study upon this specific segment of the financial audit services market in Romania, by collecting and analysing data related to the financial audit contracts which have been awarded through the national public procurement electronic system in the time period 2013-2021. Our research results will respond to some specific objectives. Firstly, this study establishes how the number of audit contracts is spread over the main operational programs implemented in Romania and through which the audited projects have been financed. Further, we aim to discover if the market concentration to a small number of local audit firms involved in this field, which has been proved in a previous study covering the period 2011-2012, maintained or not from year 2013 to date. Finally, we will obtain an overview of the main audit firms acting in this market segment, based on researching which firms gained the biggest number of audit contracts and performed most of the required audit engagements in the analysed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quality of mountain products represents a competitive advantage for the area of Bistra village, Alba county, Romania. Each mountain product comes as a result from raw materials from mountain areas and in the case of processed products, processing takes place in the mountain region. This paper aims to investigate ways to obtain mountain certification for products from this area, so it could promote agro-food products as a lever for sustainable development, that ensure economic activity. This study randomly analyze several farms in Bistra village in terms of specific indicators for mountain certification. The method used in this study is analyzing in terms of socio-economic, territorial, environmental and economic indicators. After a complex analysis of the specific indicators, results show that the Bistra village, brings together the criteria relating to mountain certification, according to the European Regulations, improving the sustainable development of the area. The main conclusion of this study is that in the current economy it is necessary to create added value for mountain products as part of a narrower niche, in order to preserve high competition and higher prices on the market, so that these farms could face competition over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the possibility of analysing the economic growth to a microeconomic level by personalizing it through an empirical study on the Romanian clothing industry. The integrated approach to performance in this study starts from the condition that it can be supported by the company's profit. The model proposed for the analysis also allows the analysis of the factors that influence the economic growth. The results of the empirical study show that the analysed company does not register sustainable economic growth due to the economic growth rate, which, during some periods, presents negative values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian economy, after 1990, has undergone a comprehensive restructuring process from centrally planned economy to an economy governed by the rules of the market economy, rules of the game led to a competitive type economy, with winners and laggards, with winners and losers. In the first phase, the restructuring of the Romanian enterprises has known just the division into two or more independent entities. Subsequently, according to the model of Western economies, the economic entities in our country during the process of restructuring and reorganization adopted a second way, namely the merger with its two versions: the merger by absorption and merger by fusion. The permanent struggle to maintain the market segments owned or even more to conquer other market segments as well as tax regulations adopted by our country led to the insolvency of a large number of businesses. Recent regulations bring some new administrative and foremost procedures to prevent insolvency. Thus, borrowers in financial difficulty are able to choose one of the following procedures: ad-hoc mandate and the preventive arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History has provided sufficient evidence that economic activity does not grow linearly and economic cycles can be easily distinguished, in which periods of growth are followed by periods of recession, stagnation, rising unemployment and widening budget deficits. Cyclical evolution impact on macroeconomic equilibrium requires us to move to a multiannual approach to budget balance and think about adjustments for the fiscal policy mix over the economic cycle, i.e. to pursue higher deficits in periods of recession as a result of tax incentives and some public investment expenditures absolutely necessary to resume growth and the deficits and public debt accumulated will be reduced in further periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern economies under the impact of globalization have created an opportunity for investors to set up the various portfolios of financial assets (stocks, bonds, treasury bills, derivatives and other securities) diverse in terms of the structure, size and scale of the companies where investments have been made and a very diverse geographical area. This diversification has had considerable support from the development of technical instruments of transactions and of information technology, a general trend of market convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 27 member of the European Union benefit from the possibility to chose their own fiscal policy therefore there are 27 different fiscal systems in the European Union. The harmonization of the fiscal policies is a desideratum especially for the companies that activate in many states, considering that the harmonized fiscal systems will lead to a growth of the economic convergence and the erasing of discrepancies at continental level. On the other hand, the right fiscal policies can contribute to the encouragement of direct foreign investments, an increased competitiveness and a better allocation of resources. The paper's purpose is an analysis of the fiscal policies having for starting point the progresses made in regard to the harmonization of the Europe fiscal systems and the impact the extreme differences of taxation have on the different types of taxes between the member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to carry out a preliminary analysis of the Romanian female entrepreneurs’ behavior. In order to reach this aim we studied the specialized literature which tries to define the entrepreneur, the feminine entrepreneur, to identify the women’s motivation to become entrepreneurs, the required skills, as well as the potential similarities and differences between female and male entrepreneurs. In the case study we elaborated in this paper, the percentage of women-entrepreneurs from the total number of entrepreneurs who set up a new business represents the independent variable. We used as dependent variable quantitative variables expressed in percentages which describe the situation of newly founded enterprises one year into their set up (active, inactive and liquidated), the size of the newly founded enterprise (0 employees, 1 to 49 employees, and over 49 employees) and the type of employment (employers, full-time employees, part-time employees). The data we used are annual, refer to a period of time ranging from 1995 to 2013, and were gathered by the Romanian National Institute of Statistics. The conclusions show that the percentage of Romanian women-entrepreneurs is in tight link with the percentage of active companies one year into their set up. As regards the size of the company, we noticed that women-entrepreneurs own companies with fewer employees. And when referring to the head-office of the company, we notices that it is not influenced by the increase or decrease of the percentage of Romanian womenentrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institutional funding is a major source of funding for the public universities in Romania, reason why its allocating mechanism is particularly significant. Romanian higher education funding has always been a sore spot and a highly controversial topic of debate for both members of the political class and of the civil society. For a long time they have been searching for the best solutions regarding the university funding, as a key lever for shaping and supporting a high quality academic education system. In this context, through this paper we propose to highlight the current mechanism for allocating the institutional funding to public universities in our country. Structurally, the paper begins with exposing the competences for the budgetary funding and the structure of the institutional funding for universities presentation, after which it focuses on the current model of allocating basic and additional financing. The end is intended to the conclusions, through which we aim to capture the impact of the state decisions regarding the funding methodology on academic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium enterprises contribute significantly to achieve the fundamental objectives of any national economy. They play an important role in the economy for reasons such as: to encourage innovation and flexibility; to integrate easily into a regional industrial network, which contributes to the economic development of the region, to reduce unemployment and raise the living standards because it provides jobs, stimulates competition, helps the proper functioning of the large enterprises that provide different services or produce different subassemblies. Through this article I want to highlight the peculiarities of the business environment in Romania, we analyzed the development of small and medium enterprises in the period 2013-2014 and presented the problems facing SMEs and some solutions to revive this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the European Union had emerged flexicurity strategies to increase by increasing in tandem flexibility and safety. In Romania flexicurity will be achieved by rebalancing the relationship between flexibility and security in the sense of increasing flexibility that ultimately seems to have understood, the decision makers as a real job security can not be achieved by ignoring the interests of employers. This is exactly the sense that we can understand the analysis changes in labor legislation in recent years, when concerns about labor market flexibility have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses to fulfill the following desiderata: describing the process of Romanian agriculture's collectivization after the model of the Stalinist "kolhoz" and its consequences on social, political and moral level; identifying the difficulties faced by the Romanian agriculture after the fall of communism and after the accession to European Union; defining the main objectives and challenges of the agricultural policy in present Romania, confronted with the global economic crisis. Last but not least, the intention of this paper was to stimulate debate on a subject closely related to social development of Romania in the years after the fall of communism and the role played by the communist mentalities and heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Constitution, Romania is a national, sovereign and independent state, unitary and indivisible. Staring from the definition of the national state, Romanians have always represented the major ethnic group. Due to political-economic and strategic reasons, along the history, on the actual Romanian territory, different allogene populations set, temporarily or permanently, that, in time, determined a certain ethnic structure of the population. According to the declarations given by the people questioned, regarding the appurtenance to a certain ethnic group or race, in 2011, the population had the following distribution: 88.6% Romanians and 11.4% national minorities; among which, higher values were registered by: Magyars (6.5%), Roms (3.2%), Ukrainians (0.3% ), Germans (0.2% ), Turks, Russians - Lipovens and Tartars (0.1% each). A global analysis of the data at the three censuses during the post-communist period, showed that the national structure did not registered major mutations. There are noticed regressive numeric mutations for all ethnic groups, except the Roms (as their statistic number is rather relative) and small changes regarding the territorial distribution. The opening of the frontiers after 1989 determined, beside a significant emigration, also an increase of the number of foreign persons, namely immigrants. The number of foreigners that came to Romania had a positive trend. The legislation regarding the national minorities suffered numerous improvements during the post-communist period. There had been made important steps in creating a protection system specific for the persons that belong to a minority ethnic group, a system that may guarantee that the identity and their own culture are being respected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the problems of the intracommunitary operations in Romania according to the current legislation. The intracommunitary acquisitions and deliveries of goods are being presented as well as the intracommunitary acquisitions and carrying out of services. We have also referred to the registering obligations towards the fiscal institutions, types of declarations and the penalties for not obeying the current legislation in the case of the economic agents undergoing intracommunitary operations. At the end of the present paper, we have chosen to present three cases of fiscal fraud as well as the measures which have been adopted by Romania in 2012 in order to prevent the fiscal fraud in the field of intracommunitary acquisitions. As a research method, the authors have used not only the theoretical approach, but also the empirical one. First of all, the theoretical approach has been chosen because there have been analyzed a lot of notions on intracommunitary acquisitions and deliveries of goods and services in accordance to the current legislation. Secondly, we have considered the empirical approach as we have concentrated on three fiscal fraud cases highly met in the case of the intracommunitary trade. Even though Romania, as a European state member, has a public debt rate of 32% of GDP, which is far below the average EU 27, it still continues to borrow money from the international financial institutions in order to cover the public debt. Besides the measures presented in this paper, we propose fighting against the fiscal fraud by using all the possible means of attracting supplementary budgetary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The study aims at establishing an integrated method for the analysis of urban functional and spatial disparities induced by the structure and functional zoning of urban space. The study area is represented by an urban territorial unit of 90 000 square meters situated in the central area of Craiova. Computer-based cartographic conversion from satellite images provides the general metric scale of the analyzed territory. At this stage, the scientific approach is concerned with the elaboration and use of two metric indexes in order to calculate the functional fragmentation within the reference perimeter. There are presented criteria for the delimitation of functional zones by taking into account the predominant function of individually assessed perimeters. Furthermore, metric data is analyzed by the use of relative functional fragmentation index (RFf) and absolute functional fragmentation index (AFf). Recorded parameters are compared to the optimum values of space fragmentation in order to point out the functional and spatial disparities of urban space. The method can be easily used for the analysis of functional fragmentation of any urban areas or as part of more complex urban studies. It can also constitute a useful tool for territorial planning, better balance of urban territory and modification of functional units in order to meet specific standards in the economy of urban land use [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

National Code of Ethics of the accounting profession in Romania establishes the rules of conduct and formulates the basic principles that must be followed to achieve common goals. Professional accountants in Romania operate in different entities and branches of the national economy as freelancers or employed personnel; however, the basic goal of the Code of Ethics must always be respected. Sometimes the duty of members to their profession and to society may seem to conflict with their immediate interest or their duty of loyalty to the employer. Based on this framework, it is up to accounting bodies based on membership to develop ethical requirements for their members in order to ensure the highest quality of accounting activity and maintain public's confidence in the accounting profession. According to the Code of Ethics developed by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the hallmark of accounting profession is taking responsibility for public interest and not necessarily satisfying the individual requirements of each employer or client. Public interest can be defined as the collective welfare of the community and accounting bodies served by the professional accountant based on his reliance, integrity and objectivity. For accounting professionals joining the accounting profession ethical principles and values provide sufficient reasons for guild solidarity and defending the common interests of the accounting profession, and the need for performance and competition by fair methods means, at the same time, accepting competition with rules and principles and assessing its results while ensuring the unity and uniqueness in the accounting profession. For any corporate governance, the capital of public trust is particularly important since confidence is a goal that is hard to win, and harder to preserve and easy to lose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oltenia Region has a varied natural landscape displaying all major landforms. The classical tourist offer can be thus completed by introducing the spatial evolution of the territory, by describing the mechanisms of the processes that influenced the placement and further development of different settlements or sites. In this way, tourism acquires, besides a temporal dimension, which used to be prevailing, a spatial dimension, as well, that represents the present tendency in evaluating all the activities by means of eco-compatibility. By integrating these two dimensions in the offer, there can be better evaluated the carrying capacity of the region, the tourist offer leading to the maximization of the tourist activity without surpassing the sustainability limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiru Haret's name will remain forever linked to modernization of the Romanian education. Three times minister of education, Haret was also a visionary, a true social reformer, a promoter of Romanian modern social protection system. In his works we find many opinions, theories, draft legislation on a wide variety of topics that today form the scope of social policy: education, arts and culture, security and social assistance, wages, agriculture, public health and nutrition, waste recycling, the selection and placement of labor force, etc. He proposed solutions for the most acute social problems facing the Romanian society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, solutions that could be successfully applied today. Without denying the contributions of other people of his time, we can say that such a wide approach almost overlaps both political activity and works of the famous minister over public policy of his time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is, for many countries, the main economic driver and a priority domain for any future sustainable development strategies. Romania, despite being endowed with many natural and cultural sites, ranks behind most of the European countries in terms of tourism competitiveness due to the improper marketing, as well as the incapacity to have a correct and proper vision and to update existing products and tourist services. The paper aims at analysing the current features of the tourism sector in Romania, focusing on the most recent trends of the sector as well as inbound tourism, receipts and expenditure. Great attention was paid to the key drivers for the tourism market, analysing the country's position in international ranking regarding the travel and tourism competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the diversity of problems that Romania is confronting with at the beginning of 21st century, the discrimination represents a reality that reached and reach edge situation, sometimes becoming manifest through violent actions against individuals, against groups or entire society. The 20 years that followed the revolution brought substantial changes in our perceptions regarding the phenomenon of discrimination, and its causes and negative implications are prevented by the Government Urgency Ordinance no. 137/2000 concerning the prevention and the punishment of all forms of discrimination and Law no. 202/2002 concerning the equality of chances between men and women. The special situation of Romania, the social, economical and cultural features within the context of outrunning the transition stage, the particularities of integration in EU asks for an approach centered on quick changes that take part within Romanian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we present some comparative element concerning agricultural potential in some counties from Transylvania (Alba, Cluj, Mures and Satu Mare). This elements makes repport to the total agricol surface and the categoryes of agricol ground (APF), bread structure, the totale and queen efective of cattle (buffalo and cattle milk). Another objective was the comparative evidence of the main productive characteristics of the exploited races, breaded for milk in the mentioned areas from Transylvania. Total surface which was in research is by 2350770 ha from which 1485095 ha are agricol surfaces which represent 63.17% from the total surface. The totals effectives from the 4 involved counties are 275425 of heads from which 51,58% quene, that is 142084 heads. From the totale quene efffective, cows represents 97,65% and buffalo milk 2,35%. The 1-2 cows' farms weight is of 46% with a total population of 78824 heads and the 3-5 cows' farms weight is of 21 % with a population of 36273 milk cows and buffalo cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores recent debates about citizenship, social security rights and social provisions in Romania. It also discusses the concept of social exclusion which is used to determine the condition of those who have fallen outside the social insurance system. Romanian social security system is founded on the principle of solidarity which holds that all citizens face a series of social risks (unemployment, illness, ageing, death), that make them dependent on one another. The emergence of these social ills and the socio-economic conditions led to a major crisis of social security and citizenship in Romania: a crisis of coverage, of legitimacy and of participation. Recent policy debates suggest that the difficulties faced by the Romanian welfare state are encouraging moves towards the British model of tax-based (rather than insurance-based) financing of social provisions. Discussing this issue with economists and politicians, new reform measures had in view by the legislator are evidently regarded as equivalent to Hans Christian Andersen's "Emperor's new clothes". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the quality index of baking values regarding some domestic and foreign varieties of wheat, grown in a comparative crop from two counties of Romania Satu Mare and Bihor. The agriculture in the western area and overall in Romania, doesn't have the characteristics of sustainable agriculture, since the obtained production is far from the performance criteria of European agriculture, poor management of risk factors is one of the causes of this situation. The research objectives were: • the establishing the productive potential of varieties of winter wheat • the unlocking the potential of productive varieties of wheat; • the correlation of productive characteristics regarding varieties of bread wheat quality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a research regarding the biomass energy potential of Romania. Data is presented regarding the quantity and technical energy potential of the forest and agricultural biomass of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international economical integration approached various national economics that produced a strong interdependency. The elimination of the customs and monetary barriers led to the apparition of macrospaces, as is the EURO ZONE, for instances. This paper presents the advantages of monetary integration and the path that Romania must employ in order to achieve economic monetary integration. In regard to economic efficiency, it is estimated that the simple elimination of uncertainly over the evolution of foreign currency exchange rates and respectively of the costs of converting one currency into another will insure yearly savings of 15 million euro. A country within the European Economic and Monetary Union that is confronted with sudden changes or other specific problems, bound to decrease the expanding of its activities and consequently its income, will no longer take action by resorting to known strategies, such as interest or exchange rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed the cognition of the acceptability grade of Cluj Napoca's inhabitants over the traditional alimentary products. Most of the people, which have knowlidge about the certified traditional product existency on the market have academic studies, the lack of information veeing found at people without studies or with moderate studies thus beeing necessary the adopting of a stimulating education stategy in the way of improoving their cognition level on this field. We can say that, at the level of Cluj Napoca, however it exists a high level of culture and wide acces to information sources, the level of knowlidge reffering to traditional products is relativly low, beeing observed at the same time a lack of interest in this field, as from the consumer part like from the resoponsables of the product certificators found in various regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moment of EU extension to the east at the 1st of January 2007 is extremely important in the recent Romanian history. A feeling of self satisfaction has unfortunately come upon Romania like the one specific for a person who can rest in peace until the destination after hardly catching an important train. For Romania, a country behind the present times, the only chance is a long term economic growth, approached in an European context, by focusing the economic, monetary, currency and fiscal policies towards the achievement of a lasting economic growth. The Union works for the durable development of Europe, based on a balanced economic growth and prices' stability, on a highly competitive market economy, which targets the employment of the entire workforce and the social progress, as well as for a high level of environment protection and quality improvement[…]. This promotes the economic, social and territorial cohesion but also the solidarity between the member states as the article n. 2 of the Treaty concerning the creation of the European Community stipulates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The „Marmelada de mătceşe" product is specific for Alba county mountain area. The traditionality of the product is given by the preparational tehnologic process, recipe and simplity as well as product preparation rapidity. By the organic point of view the product does not contain pollution elements like nitrates, pesticides or heavy metals. The product can be framed in the legal standards of a traditional product from the P.O.D. cathegory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study of the traditionality characteristics and of the traditional and organic specificity as well as the geographic protection indication (GPI) of a local product made in Romania. The study deposited the product by placing it in cool and dark places. It found that product traditionality is given by the collection, conditioning and preparing methods and of the specific recipe.

The goal of this study is to present the clinical and evolutive features of Pneumocystis infection (PCP) in infants admitted in our clinic. We summarise these aspects from 17 cases (10 male and 7 female infants), admitted between 1st January 2004 and 31st May 2005. PCP infection is rare. It represents 1,5/1000 children (17 cases of 11328 total patients) admitted in our hospital. The risk factors for PCP were age between 6 weeks and 6 months (average 3,38 months) low birth weight (average = 2428 grams), low weight for age, prolonged hospital admission (88,23% of the 17 infants were abandoned in nursery). Only one of them had HIV infection and none presented neoplastic disease. The most prominent clinical aspect was tachypnea (average 78 breath/minute, maximum 130). 16 (94,11%) had difficult breathing with chest in-drawing and flaring of ala nasi. 14 (82,35%) had generalised cyanosis. Only two (11,72%) infants had fever. Radiologic aspects were evocative, with diffuse pulmonary involvement in almost all cases (88,23%). 6 infants (35,29%) had pneumothorax and 2 (11,76%) presented pneumomediastinum. Positive diagnosis was made by microscopic examination of secretions from endotracheal tube aspiration (Grocott methenamine silver stain and Romanowsky stain). 14 infants were ventilated with a good outcome--12 surviving infants (85,7%). All infants had a full course of intravenous Co-trimoxazole. The deceased infants had more risk factors--congenital heart disease 1 case, severe cerebral palsy with organic epilepsy 2 cases. The apparent increase of PCP cases can be related to the number of abandoned children in Romanian pediatric hospitals and nurseries.