Search

In the contemporary, constantly changing business environment characterized by globalization, openness, and competitiveness, implementing different processes of new information technologies has become a competitive advantage. The field of managerial accounting is a successful example of the implementation of artificial intelligence in operations and the decision-making process based on accounting information. However, ethical issues within managerial accounting and those added through the implementation of artificial intelligence need to be addressed carefully. In this paper, the main objective is to investigate these ethical issues regarding the perception of accountants on the usefulness, efficiency, and effectiveness of implementing artificial intelligence in managerial accounting. To investigate these effects, we conducted a study based on a questionnaire among 396 accountants in Romania who use various artificial intelligence solutions in their activities in managerial accounting. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the ethical issues of autonomy, responsibility, and trust significantly influence the perceived usefulness and the performance of artificial intelligence solutions. The research concludes that artificial intelligence solutions solve many ethical issues in managerial accounting. Still, through their design and application, artificial intelligence solutions can create other ethical problems specific to managerial accounting and business ethics. Therefore, despite all the barriers and reluctance of professionals, artificial intelligence will substantially impact managerial accounting in the years to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management accounting is a very good tool for the managers of the entities concerning management and cost control within an entity. A good cost management may certainly be considered an increasing element in the performance of an economic entity. In the previous researches on per order method we have shown that this method is useful and applicable in furniture industry, but we have withheld the technical limits specific to a classic cost calculation method. The main objective of this paper is to observe the applicability of Activity Based Costing (ABC) method of cost managing in an entity in the furniture industry. Also, we want to emphasize its advantages in cost management compared to the order method. The case study presented in this article proves that the ABC method represents a true improvement method for the management accounting, offering powerful tools in the process of cost distribution. The research features a detailed cost calculation through the order method and the ABC method for the particularities of furniture industry in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism plays a very important part in the economy of all the countries due to its economical potential, the occupation of the working force as well as its social and environmental involvement. Tourism and the hotel industry directly or indirectly, represent 10 % of the world's internal production (WIP). The industry of hospitality is that industry of the national and world economy that has been developed dynamically on a large scale in the XXI century in spite of the crises undergone by the world economy, defying the changes in the world markets influenced by political and safety factors, with major changes in the trends of technology. All these have a great impact on the perception and behaviour of all the consumers’. We want performance in our business, in all the activities performed on a daily basis, but we must ask the question "what is performance?" What do we mean by performance in the hotel and touristic industry /industry of hospitality and tourism? What is the perception of managers from this industry concerning the concept of performance? This question was asked to the managers from the hospitality and touristic industry in the county of Bihor during an empiric research viewing aspects such as the managers' perception concerning performance in this industry, the tools used to measure performance, the importance of the accounting information for the management of the entities from this field of activity. The empiric research is based on an enquiry made from November 2018 to January 2019. The tool/means used were a questionnaire made up of 38 questions on the field and on-line. The population is made of the 140 economical entities from Bihor from this field of activity. The sample is formed by 91 touristic entities, and because the answering rate was small for the on-line research, we preferred to go to the spot and thus the rate increased to 62.33%. 83.5% of the managers replied that performance/competitivity in this area is influenced by the degree of occupation of the capacities that they dispose of, and secondly by the demand for services and touristic packages offered. This has been the view of 75.8 of the inquired managers. It is worth mentioning that unexpectedly under 50% mentioned the importance of the accounting balance as a factor influencing the performance in this field of activity. In spite of identified limitations (the small area where the questionnaires were applied, but also the big number of questions requiring a maximum of concentration) we still think that this research brought some added value to the local researches concerning the managers' perception on performance regarding various aspects of the managerial accounting in the industry of hospitality and tourism and the valorification of the accounting information in the process of taking decisions opening the perspectives to future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furniture industry represents the most efficient and profitable form of superior capitalization of wood, having the greatest added value in the wood processing industry. In this paper we make a motion for presenting the method of calculating costs per order and its positioning as compared to other methods of managing the costs, as well as applying the method in a big entity in wood industry in Romania. The case study presents entirely the appliance of the method of calculating costs per order and aims to conclude its efficiency in the costs' management process in the Romanian wood industry. We opine that despite the fact that the method of calculating costs per order is a classical one, having certain assumed limits it has a special utility in the sector due to the activity's specifics of furniture manufacturing. By applying the method per order in the wood industry from Romania, a good rundown and integration is made concerning the expenses incurred by manufacturing, as well as their reflection in a trusty way in the managerial accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounting it's an important component of the economic information system. E. Horomnea believes that through specific means and procedures, accounting provides: clarifications of the past and the present of the economic entities, pertinent analyzes that are directed to the market; provides guidance on the strategic future; provides motivations and solutions for the decisions made. This article will analyze the evolution of managerial accounting from traditional costing to the new guidelines, when the issue of creating added value and managing third parties needs represents the future of any information system. After 1987 there are continuous changes and concerns, not only at Romanian level but at world wide scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on the issue of managerial accounting, on elements that stay at the very bases of the process through which the professional accounts use their knowledge gained over the years, in this field, to provide necessary information to establish an appropriate methodology for calculating the price / cost. This paper presents an overview of national and international approaches to the concept of managerial accounting, methods/ways to determine and classify the managerial accounting practices encountered in the specific literature, topic discussed, in Romania, more theoretical and less practical, especially in micro or small entities. This topic discussed in an earlier own research has come to the forefront since the public procurement law was published. There were introduced, as novelties, criteria for the award of public contracts by spelling the sub-criteria "value for money" and "lowest cost". So, we believe that the role of professional accountants grow into an entity, both when it is the bidder or in case of contracting authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the process of change in management accounting in Romania, a former communist country from Eastern Europe. In order to explain this process, we used the institutional theory. We focused on the presentation of the scientific context and motivation of this research from a national perspective. We also described the evolution of management accounting in Romania in the context of economic and political changes. An important moment was the fall of communism in 1989. This represents a starting point for a new economic environment and for a new management accounting system. We described the creation of the new rules and routines based on the results of a questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the controller is considered to be operating as a business partner of the management. Controlling acts as a vital managerial support that enables companies not only to survive, but also to succeed in the market economy. Despite its obvious importance, controlling in the Romanian academic literature has not received enough attention. The paper's objective is to perform a thorough literature review on controlling in Romania. From a methodological point of view, the research consists in a literature review of papers published in Romanian renowned journals over the period 2014- 2014. The conclusions of the study are that, as expected, the Romanian literature on controlling is scarce. Some authors even mistake controlling for control. However, there are also papers that include empirical research or modern views on controlling such as socio-controlling. All in all, there is a gap in the Romanian literature regarding the topic "controlling". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian economic spectrum, found on a slightly increasing trend in the general aspects of the national economy feels more and more strongly the need for an upgrade in terms of cost management problem. One of the modern costing methods that can fill this gap in the Romanian business practice related to accounting management is the Target Costing method. The overall objective of this study is to demonstrate the full applicability and usefulness of this calculation and cost tracking methods, widely used in the field of managerial accounting practice in developed economies. Managerial accounting and financial accounting converge in terms of ultimate interest of the company, namely value creation and growth performance in a sustainable way. Following the case study, conducted with real financial data, it was concluded that the target costing method is applicable and particularly useful in the construction industry and the results may provide support for decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the private enterprise contribution to the development of R&D activities in Romania and in EU. The general approach is focused on the analysis of the managerial methods for stimulating new ideas and creativity in terms of structure and intensity. Our aim was to determine whether the use of these methods in varies depending on the enterprise size, in this case examining the Romanian innovative enterprises. Another concern was to see if there is a real correlation between the gross expenditure for R&D funded by enterprises and the complexity of the motivational scheme of the enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic enterprises must produce based on performance and competitiveness criteria, regardless of the field of activity and national belonging. This is possible only based on advanced production technologies and competition strategies adequate for the continuously shifting market situations. The managerial accountancy system also has to be adapted to the advanced production technologies. Thus, a new concept emerges, a new philosophy related to the production management system: JIT - JUST IN TIME (production system in useful or real time). The JIT operational system includes the reduction of production cycles and the production of high quality goods, exactly at the moment and in the quantities requested by the market. According to the JIT philosophy, we do not produce everything and in any quantity, but only what was requested and in the requested quantity. The activity of the Romanian zootechnical enterprises has to be oriented towards this philosophy, where the implementation of the JIT operational system is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the modern calculation methods used in managerial accounting, with a large applicability in the industrial production field, we can find the standard costing method. This managerial approach of cost calculation has a real value in the managerial accounting field, due to its usefulness in forecasting production costs, helping the managers in the decision making process. The standard costing method in managerial accounting is part of modern managerial accounting methods, used in many enterprises with production activity. As research objectives for this paper, we propose studying the possibility of implementing this modern method of cost calculation in a company from the Romanian furniture industry, using real financial data. In order to achieve this aim, we used some specialized literature in the field of managerial accounting, showing the strengths and weaknesses of this method. The case study demonstrates that the standard costing modern method of cost calculation has full applicability in our case, and in conclusion it has a real value in the cost management process for enterprises in the Romanian furniture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains summaries of theories with notions of social insurance and mathematics with a high degree of novelty and complexity The pension systems around the world are experiencing a period of crisis. Under these conditions, the study aims to describe the previous or anticipated changes happened and are happening in order to conceive then correct as a coherent field of pensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years activity - based costing has attracted the interest of both academics and management accountants since its emergence. Researchers and academics believe that activity - based costing (ABC) is a new managerial accounting technique which could enhance the business orientation of managerial accounting and help business decisions and taking control in an increasingly sophisticated way (Jarvenpaa, 2007). Despite the great interest coming from researchers, companies seem to be reluctant to adopt ABC. A great number of surveys show that the dissemination of ABC has not been as intense as expected. The objective of this paper is to examine how ABC was adopted and implemented worldwide and within Romanian companies; what were the major challenges identified when adopting and implementing ABC; what are the main advantages and disadvantages of such a cost system. To achieve this objective we begin with the analysis of the existing literature in the field and previous studies made at international level, followed by a questionnaire - based empirical study and analysis of ABC implementation within Romanian companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aimed to introducing the techniques of strategic management accounting and its role in serving the objectives of contemporary management – strategic management of Romanian companies, through the study of these techniques, and then applied the topic in the field through distributing a survey questionnaire in a sample of Romanian companies. We used the descriptive analytical approach in the theoretical part of the study, where we tried to showing the most important ideas on the subject of strategic management accounting and its techniques, and we used the applied approach in the practical part of the study, where we used a survey questionnaire to collect the applied data for four techniques from twenty individuals from four multiple Romanian companies in Bucharest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze through the lens of contingency theory the existence and use of management accounting techniques in Romanian entities, with an in-depth consideration of the institutional factors characterizing the environment of this country. Using a sample of 109 respondents, we identify factors associated with the existence and use of management accounting techniques in a context where organizational practices are subject to variations, resource and training scarcity, and uncertainty. Our findings indicate that the most important factors are the type of capital and size. The adoption and use of management accounting techniques are mostly associated with the presence of foreign capital as a defining feature of the Romanian environment. However, we find limited statistical support for the importance of the environment and competition, factors usually related to the use of such techniques in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past years the interest of academic researchers in the theoretical and practical aspects concerning the management accounting has continuously increased. This paper has the aim of exploring some of the main aspects regarding the development that took place in the field of management accounting and the role of the changing economic environment in this context. The paper is structured in a complex manner, starting from a short introduction, in which we state the main reasons why we chose this particular subject for our research, continues with a consistent literature review on the topic of management accounting, focusing on the latest scientific works, furthermore stresses aspects connected to management accounting regarded as a social science, and after that emphasizes what are the differences that exists between an accounting researcher, an economist, a sociologist or a philosopher. Our conclusion is that there is a constant need for academic researchers to focus on aspects that implicate the management accounting in the economic environment and due to this fact we state that there is always place for more work and new methods to be tested and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to present a way of organizing the management accounting so that it should admit calculation cost for each formed cost center and finally, to determine the obtained result by comparing costs with achieved revenues. From the current way of collecting costs analysis, it is found that RAT Craiova has a concept for organizing its own management accounting facilitated by automatic data processing, but without a clearly defined purpose. In order to calculate the cost of each established center, we presented the use of tariffhour- vehicle calculation method recommended in RAT Craiova activity because: provides an advisedly allocation of indirect costs using allocation bases chosen by the principle of causality; involves allocating labor costs and other direct expenses in relation with a more equitable criterion, which is driven kilometres, allowing therefore more accurate determination of the transportation route cost and the participation level of each route to the profit. Also in the research, we presented an optimization model to the result obtained by RAT Craiova through the correlation of the variable and fixed costs with the volume of activity, namely the use of transmission capacity and price tickets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In relation to the destination of the information derived from the patrimonial transformations, the Romanian accounting information operates with two major and distinct circuits: financial accounting and management accounting. Accounting must provide chronological and systematic recording, processing, publishing and maintaining information on financial position, financial performance and treasury cash flows, both for their domestic needs and the relationships with present and potential investors, financial and commercial creditors, customers, public institutions and other users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific approach taken, due to the fact that a nationally more acute problem arises regarding mining restructuring, namely the closure of uneconomic mines, in this paper I want to report my finding on how management accounting is organized and which is the costing method currently applied by the seven mines in the Jiu Valley, which are currently functional, as well as to identify their limitations and advantages for improving them and identifying financial and economic solutions, demonstrating that in fact these are viable economic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to highlight the features of the entities in the dairy industry. At first, a brief description of the dairy industry in Romania, giving priority factors that contribute to the development of this market. As in any economic unit, organization of management accounting and cost calculation is particularly important activity managers are required to study all factors and exercise influence principles, their implications, and then, taking account of them to choose the most appropriate form of organization of management accounting and cost calculation. Were analyzed and described in the study, factors and principles that characterize the entities in the dairy industry and have an influence in the organization of management accounting, but also in determining costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We continue in this article exploring whether Primavera, the best-selling software for project management in Romania, is compatible with the philosophy of critical chain. We discuss some basic notions related to resource leveling, then we can see how overallocated resource leveling is done while using Primavera, both manually and automatically. We also try to conclude on the following subjects: to what extent resource leveling in Primavera eliminates problems that resource sharing between planned projects can create and the extent to which this leveling meets the requirements of critical chain planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the authors attempt to identify modern cost calculation methods and appropriate performance measurement tools and their integration in order to improve the performance of the economic entities from the wine sector in Romania. Identifying methods and tools for performance measurement are based on an analysis of a representative sample of specialists from the economic entities from wine sector in Romania. The article is littered with empirical studies designed to highlight the performance of the economic entities from the wine sector based on using the integrated methods such as Activity Based Costing (ABC) method and Balance Scorecard (BS) method. All the results obtained based on the specific methodology of the methods studied are analyzed by the authors. The article ends with the conclusions of the authors on using integrated methods for measuring performance in the entities from the wine sector in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]