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The article analyzes the Romanian curriculum specific to primary and preschool education. The article focuses on the curriculum approved in 2011 for primary education, respectively the one approved in 2019 for early education. The analysis between the primary education curriculum and the early education curriculum follows the specifics of the curriculum, the purpose, the values promoted, the focus on the formation of the respective behavioral competencies. The analysis is performed on the basis of the educational policy documents elaborated by the Institute of Education Sciences and on the official curricular documents elaborated and approved by the Romanian Ministry of National Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analyzed the Curriculum Management (CM) qualification in education and the competences this qualification requires. Moreover, we analyzed the current situation and the future needs of CM specialists within the Romanian educational system. The research used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods as follows: a content analysis of official documents, the analysis of existing CM programs in Romania, and a triangulated methodology. The novelty of this research consists of the identification, centralization, and classification of the CM competencies in six categories. Four out of five participants in the research considered that there is a high need for curriculum managers in Romania, given that currently, only 15.5% of teachers have such competencies. As a future perspective of the Romanian educational system, it would be necessary that over a third by 2023, respectively almost a half by 2028 of teachers, to be trained and have competences in the CM field. The providers of training programs and universities in Romania are recommended to introduce new CM programs whose curricula and subjects to be corelated with the competences identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the tasks allotted to students, featuring two thematic units in the 6th grade Geography textbook published in 2018 by the Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House Ltd., Bucharest and used in the schools in Romania during the 2018- 2019 school year. After a brief analysis of the textbook and its lesson structure, we studied the tasks on Regional Geography in the following thematic units: "Europegeographic identity" and "Europe in the contemporary world". These tasks are associated with some visual materials (e.g. illustrations, books, charts, sketchy drawings and the like), with some texts and web sources. The studied assignments are included in the lesson sections Discover and Apply. Most of the tasks demand recognition and identification of some geographic aspects. Less importance have the tasks that require the systematization of information based on some criteria. To improve thorough information processing, it is advisable to include certain activities of identifying geographic relationships of hierarchy, comparison, explanation and ordering of data, synthesizing it in texts, problem solving and problem-situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study approaches the way Romanian bicameralism functions, considering both its strengths and weaknesses. In addition, the unicameral parliamentary system is presented in relation to the bicameral one. In the doctrine, there are several opinions according to which bicameralism is preferred to unicameralism, because the two Houses provide increased safety, as the concentration of legislative power in one place could be both dangerous and, often, unjustified. But the two Chambers should not be similar, as this would not serve their guaranteeing purpose. Furthermore, bicameralism consolidates the balance and solidity of democratic regimes, providing a better separation of powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of pupils` evaluation of competences in terms of difficulty awareness that this approach implies for all actors involved: pupils-teachers-parents. The integrated approach of evaluation of pupils in the 2nd, 4th and 6th grade is regarded as an initiative of reforming the national evaluation system. Pupils face situations of integrated knowledge, abilities and attitudes but the evaluation doesn't facilitate experiences of learning integration at a curricular level. In this context, we are in the situation of wanting to change evaluation methods before we prepare the form and change the learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics, the turbulence and the incertitude from the business environment significantly change the perception of the young on career, amplifying their motivation and interest for competence but also the preoccupation for a good knowledge of the opportunities and threats from the labour market. In this article we aim to identify the orientations of the students from the economic field in regards to their own career and to make a comparative analysis of the outcome of a quantitative research undertaken this year, in two economic universities from two states of the European Union facing similar economic and social phenomena. The conclusions of this study represent a solid base to initiate certain actions, with the help of which the university could significantly contribute to the career success of future graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, in the context of the reorganization of the study programs according to the principles of Bologna, in Romania the teaching staff's initial training has not been the focus of any national strategy, or perhaps only tangentially and implicitly; the evaluation of these programs has not involved any integrative approach: related to process, projects, decisions or results. One can mention only reports and studies elaborated either by governmental institutions or by research institutions; these studies were deliverable components within national or European projects. That is why, although observations and proposals on the quality of the teaching staff initial training were made, their implementation was not compulsory, they were only recommendations. In this context, the legislative inconsistency in the educational domain in general, and in the case of teaching staff's initial programs in particular, had a negative influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent debates on the upcoming review of the Constitution have determined us to pay close attention to the basic institution in a democratic state, that is the Constitutional Court. Being caught in the crossfire between power and opposition, the Constitutional Court had a hard time lately, facing severe attacks. The aim of our study is to analyze the evolution of the Constitutional Court within the inland constitutional system, particularly bringing up the flaws describing the Court's activity. We have also analyzed the proposals put forth by several bodies or experts regarding the constitutional contentious court. At the end of our study, following an analysis of different constitutional types of constitutional review, used by a number of states in Europe, we introduced several resolutions that may improve the role, the course and, last but not least, the activity of the Romanian Constitutional Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The importance of the touristic sector in a national economy is a visible one, because this activity generates incomes; it plays a catalytic role for the others national branches, being an element which attracts investments, and rises employment opportunities, transforming local communities for the better. All these are strongly connected to the objective regarding competitiveness in global economy, which is characterized by strong competition. In our vision, the valorization of Romanian touristic potential in a profitable manner, taking account of the new market trends, and launching a competitive offer, must have as cornerstone the local resources activation. In this article, we investigated, from conceptual point of view, using the analysis of official data and documents, and our personal observations, the peculiarities of resources, and the way we can use them in order to determine the possibility for launching a consistent effort, for their full valorization; it is about how is it possible to create a competitive touristic product in case there are present resources, and especially on the way of doing, on using the resources, which generate added value in order to valorize the opportunities, and to create a competitive advantage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study identifies and proposes the approach of a new intelligent system regarding stopping the phenomenon of migration of young people during the current economic crisis. We investigate the manner in which the labour market and the educational system in Romania can contribute to the option of emigration as the only saving opportunity for more and more young people. The economic crisis influences the social-economic development and has a major impact on the decision of young people to migrate from Romania to those countries that may offer a general framework optimum for their future human and professional development. The objectives refer to the assessment of the tendencies of the migration phenomenon and to the analysis of the impact for the educational system. In the end, possible solutions are searched for the identified problems, with the purpose of drawing attention to the loss of our country, due to the migration of the most important segment of the labour market in Romania: the young people. The inductors of migration among young people are the professional-educational factors motivated by the wish to attend a form of higher education and the aspiration to a profession according to their formation. The impact of this study is produced in practice, through the results and conclusions of the analysis carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania, as an European Union member, needs to reassess some of its constitutional provisions in order to ensure full alignment of its national institutions to the EU structures. In this respect, some important additions to the Romanian Constitution are mandatory. First, a clear delineation of competences is necessary. Second, the principle of subsidiarity governing the EU exercise of competences should also be part of the Constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1999 Romania became part of the Bologna process, focused on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, design to increase the compatibility of European universities, ensuring the mobility of students and professors in the context of re-orienting education to the formation of competences continuously adapted to market requirements. This model draws the new education system closer to American education. The paper analyzes the importance of evaluation, proposing solutions to increase teaching efficiency, and also the often negative influence of promotion criteria, based on their characteristic ethical aspects. The paper underlines the importance of continuous evaluation based on more requirements, resulting into a more correct assessment of performance, but also the evaluation of the efficiency of the course and instructor by the students, proposing its assignment to an independent structure to diminish the bias of results. The paper also analyses the importance of promotion criteria based on the scientific activity and management of research in the detriment of focusing on teaching. The implications relate to the fact that management of research does not measure teaching performance or the professional profile, while scientometric measurements of results have profound ethical consequences, leading to a distorted scientific behavior and neglected teaching duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union is currently seeking harmonization of the principles on which the educational policies of member countries are based and Romania is in the process of adopting these principles. For this, some elements of the Romanian education system will be rearranged, adapted, and others changed radically. The premise of the Romanian educational policy regarding to training teachers is that teacher preparation is a high priority to the education system, even if apparently is little valued. Objective of education policy in Romania, to ensure equal opportunities and equal access to quality education for all can be achieved when knowledge is provided by qualified teachers. So, it will be supported both the development / improvement of initial teacher training (license and master programs), and improvement of the continous training. In 2005, European Commission has released a document stating the common European principles for teacher competences and qualifications, which were developed in response to challenges laid down in the Joint Interim Report by the Education Council and the European Commission on progress towards Education and Training 2010. They aim to support the development of new policies at a national or regional level, as appropriate. The paper presents principles and procedures related to document regarding the application of these principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the reciprocal influence between adult education and university programs discussing about opportunity of university institutional expansion in adult education field. These discussions have typically represented two differing perspectives. One perspective can be characterized as a functional and utilitarian belief system and view professional training programs as a practitioner's degree and a second perspective has assumed that training should be futuristic, focused upon the preparation of innovative leaders and designers for new and different leadership. Two major aspects will influence the adult education processes towards their integration in the university curriculum, European and national public policy and market orientations of universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper seeks to look at the present system of recognition of qualifications and vocational competences operating nationally and internationally in an attempt to enhance the recognition of certificates and diplomas. Since the recognition system is, first of all, a twofold process, the study examines, on the one hand, the way the nationally awarded diplomas are recognized by European forums and, on the other, it seeks to consider ways in which diplomas acquired in Europe can be recognized by the Romanian national authorities. The study first looks at the documents that regulate tourism training in Romania and then proceeds to discuss the norms that regulate the 'certification' of qualification and competences acquired in other European countries as a result of formal or non-formal training. The paper provides, finally, a way to acquire European and national recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents advertising agencies as a new type of knowledge-based organizations (knowledge-intensive organizations), whose essential resource is its people with their competences, in conditions in which in the present society knowledge is becoming the most important source of competitive advantage for current organizations. Such professional services firms have to practice a particular type of management, focused on their employees, on thier aspirations and satisfaction, therefore the component processes of the human resources management (recruitment, selection, integration, motivation etc.) have a particularly important role in obtaining employees' loyalty and increasing their performance and consequently in the survival and development of the company. The empirical research used case studies based on in-depth interviews with managers in Bucharest advertising organizations, but also a survey through questionnaire sent by e-mail to advertisers across the country, to provide a clear picture on the characteristics of human resources management in Romanian advertising agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Romania in the European Space of Superior Learning and Scientific Research has imposed the reformation of univeristary learning in the spirit of 'the Bologna Process'. In this sense, in order to ensure the compatibility, on the European plan, of the professions formed within the Romanian school's network it is imposed that the educational offer shall start from the definition of the competences formed by the application of a program or another of professional training. The hereby material wishes to contribute under the conceptual report, to the determination of the requests that mark out the definition of the professional competence, in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is generally and globally acknowledged as one of the few economic sectors that has more than significant growth prospects and is characterized as a catalyst for peace and prosperity. At the same time, this sector is known for its high turnover of staff, persistent lack of qualified personnel and rapidly changing skill needs. If Romania wants to be a competitive tourist destination, we must assure a high quality of the tourism services and the people who deliver them. The most important labour shortage in Romania's tourism is at the management level (top and middle management) and entrepreneurs. There are several reasons for this. For a long time, Romania's tourist industry was dominated by large public enterprises. Most often, top and middle management were not appointed and promoted according to their education and capabilities, but according to other non-professional criteria. Education at all levels, especially higher education, has not been producing a competent labour force. Management education has been especially weak, with no specialized education for management in tourism. Some available programmes were of too general and with little practical training. Although there are several institutions of higher education which provide education for tourism, all of them need to modernize their programmes with a greater emphasis on management, foreign languages, ICT, and practical training. Today, Romania started to reform education. This is a significant challenge for the entire education system, including higher education in tourism. This year a consultation process was started to identify the most important competences that should be formed or developed in a degree programme. The outcome of this consultation process will be reflected in the set of reference points -- generic and subject specific competences -- identified by 10 subject areas, including tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Including students in special practice curriculums, such as the one initiated by University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, they become more aware of the entire process in the food industry, from the acquisition, reception, management of primary and auxiliary materials, to the importance of hygiene, protective equipment, the temperature and operating mode and the sales of the fmal products. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of practical training and its role in transforming students in future engineers better prepared for the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]