28 results on '"Rohani M"'
Search Results
2. Current trend of pneumococcal serotypes distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Malaysian hospitals.
- Author
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Yasin RM, Zin NM, Hussin A, Nawi SH, Hanapiah SM, Wahab ZA, Raj G, Shafie N, Peng NP, Chu KK, Aziz MN, Maning N, Mohamad JS, Benjamin A, Salleh MA, Zahari SS, Francis A, Ahmad N, and Karunakaran R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Child, Child, Preschool, Community-Acquired Infections microbiology, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Female, Humans, Infant, Malaysia, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumonia microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Serotyping, Streptococcus pneumoniae classification, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification
- Abstract
From January 2008 to December 2009, 433 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were examined to determine the serotype distribution and susceptibility to selected antibiotics. About 50% of them were invasive isolates. The strains were isolated from patients of all age groups and 33.55% were isolated from children below 5 years. The majority was isolated from blood (48.53%) and other sterile specimens (6.30%). Community acquired pneumonia (41.70%) is the most common diagnosis followed by sepsis (9.54%). Serotyping was done using Pneumotest Plus-Kit and antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using E-test strip. Ten most common serotypes were 19F (15.02%), 6B (10.62%), 19A (6.93%), 14 (6.70%), 1 (5.08%), 6A (5.08%), 23F (4.85%), 18C (3.93%), 3 (2.08%) and 5 (1.85%). Penicillin MIC ranged between ≤ 0.012-4 μg/ml with MIC₉₀ of 1 μg/ml. Penicillin resistant rate is 31.78%. The majority of penicillin less-susceptible strains belonged to serotype 19F followed by 19A and 6B. Based on the serotypes distribution 22 (44.00%), 28 (56.00%) and 39 (78.00%) of the invasive isolates from children ≤ 2 years were belonged to serotypes included in the PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13, respectively., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Determination of molecular types and genetic heterogeneity of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii in Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST, Lim HC, Tajuddin TH, Rohani MY, Hamimah H, and Thong KL
- Subjects
- Cryptococcosis microbiology, Cryptococcus neoformans genetics, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Mycological Typing Techniques, Phylogeny, Cryptococcosis epidemiology, Cryptococcus neoformans isolation & purification, Genetic Heterogeneity
- Abstract
The molecular types and genetic heterogeneity of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii clinical isolates in Malaysia were determined in this study. Of 44 C. neoformans collected between 1980 and 2003, 42 (95.5%) were molecular type VNI, 2 (4.5%) were molecular type VNII. Of 17 C.gattii isolates, 13 (76.5%) were molecular type VGI, and 4 (23.5%) were molecular type VGII. A difference was noted when comparing the molecular types of cryptococcal isolates in the earlier and recent cases of cryptococcosis. While both molecular types VNI and VGI were equally predominant in the earlier cases of cryptococcosis, VNI was the most predominant molecular type isolated from the recent cases. VNII was a new molecular type, isolated from 5.1% of the recent cases. All the bird dropping isolates were molecular type VNI. The genetic heterogeneity of the two predominant molecular types, i.e., VNI, VGI clinical isolates and bird dropping isolates of C. neoformans were further determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting method, using (GTG)5 as single primer. Two clusters of cryptococcal isolates were distinguished at 68.5% of similarity, with cluster I consisting of VNI isolates and cluster II consisting of VGI isolates. Each cluster was further subdivided into three subtypes at >/=80% of similarity. Fourteen bird dropping isolates were grouped into a subtype within VN1, sharing 82.7% of similarity with the clinical isolates. A higher degree of similarities, ranging from 93.4-97.6% was noted between 3 bird dropping isolates with the clinical isolates in another subtype. This study demonstrated the existence of various molecular types of C. neoformans isolates in Malaysia and the genetic heterogeneity within the predominant molecular types. The study also provides evidence for genetic relatedness of clinical isolates with bird dropping isolates in the environment.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The isolation, characterization and antifungal susceptibilities of Cryptococcus neoformans from bird excreta in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST, Chai HC, Na SL, Hamimah H, Rohani MY, and Soo-Hoo TS
- Subjects
- Animals, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Bird Diseases epidemiology, Cryptococcosis epidemiology, Cryptococcosis parasitology, DNA, Protozoan chemistry, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Feces parasitology, Immunodiffusion veterinary, Malaysia epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests veterinary, Pheromones chemistry, Pheromones genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Serotyping veterinary, Urban Population, Bird Diseases parasitology, Columbidae, Cryptococcosis veterinary, Cryptococcus neoformans drug effects, Cryptococcus neoformans isolation & purification
- Abstract
The occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans in bird excreta in Klang valley, Malaysia was determined in this study. Of 544 samples of bird excreta collected from a local zoo, pet shops and public areas, 20 strains of C. neoformans were isolated. All C. neoformans strains were serotype A and thus identified as C. neoformans variety grubii. All did not produce color changes on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue agar. All were of alpha-mating types, as determined by a pheromone-specific PCR assay. The antifungal susceptibility testing using agar diffusion method Neo-sensitabs showed that all were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Neisseria meningitidis isolates with moderate susceptibility to penicillin.
- Author
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Ariza A and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Humans, Malaysia, Meningococcal Infections microbiology, Neisseria meningitidis isolation & purification, Neisseria meningitidis drug effects, Penicillin Resistance
- Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is one of the important cause of meningitis and has been extremely susceptible to penicillin. Nevertheless, moderately penicillin resistant strains have been reported in some parts of the world. To our knowledge, there is no such report in Malaysia. We report two clinical isolates that were found to have MICs of decreased susceptibility to penicillin by the agar dilution method.
- Published
- 2004
6. A major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone predominates in Malaysian hospitals.
- Author
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Norazah A, Lim VK, Rohani MY, Alfizah H, Koh YT, and Kamel AG
- Subjects
- Cross Infection microbiology, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus classification, Cross Infection epidemiology, Methicillin Resistance genetics, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Staphylococcus aureus genetics
- Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Malaysian hospitals. A total of 264 MRSA isolates from eight hospitals were subjected to typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI restricted DNA. Antibiotic disk susceptibility testing was also carried out to determine their resistance patterns. Thirty-one PFGE pattern types were identified. Three major pattern types A, ZC and K were found with type A the predominant profile in c. 80% of strains and present in all hospitals. Unlike type A, other DNA pattern types were unique to the hospitals in which they were isolated. PFGE type A also consisted of strains that were multiply antibiotic resistant. The presence of a single predominant PFGE type in Malaysian hospitals is an important finding which suggests that inter-hospital spread of MRSA had occurred frequently and regularly.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Detection of rickettsial antibodies using Weil-Felix (OXK and OX19) antigens and the indirect immunoperoxidase assay.
- Author
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Tay ST, Kamalanathan M, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Cross Reactions, Humans, Malaysia, Sensitivity and Specificity, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Immunoenzyme Techniques, O Antigens immunology, Rickettsia immunology, Rickettsia Infections immunology
- Published
- 2003
8. Antibody prevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae among Malaysian blood donors and febrile patients in the urban areas.
- Author
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Tay ST, Kamalanathan M, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Bacterial analysis, Blood Donors, Child, Female, Fever epidemiology, Fever microbiology, Humans, Infant, Malaysia epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Rickettsia Infections diagnosis, Rickettsia Infections immunology, Scrub Typhus diagnosis, Scrub Typhus immunology, Urban Population statistics & numerical data, Orientia tsutsugamushi immunology, Rickettsia Infections epidemiology, Rickettsia typhi immunology, Scrub Typhus epidemiology
- Abstract
The seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT), Rickettsia typhi (RT) and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) among blood donors and febrile Malaysian patients in the urban areas was determined. Of the 240 blood donors, 5.4%, 9.2% and 1.7% had either present or previous exposure to OT, RT and SFG rickettsiae, respectively. Patients admitted to an urban hospital had high seroprevalences of OT (43.5%) and RT (22.9%), as compared to SFGR (11.6%). Antibody levels suggestive of recent infections of scrub typhus, murine typhus and tick typhus were detected in 16.8%, 12.7% and 8.2% of patients respectively. No significant difference was noted in the distribution of rickettsial antibodies among urban patients from 2 geographical locations. However, the serologic patterns of rickettsial infection in the urban areas were different form those of rural areas.
- Published
- 2003
9. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolated in Malaysia.
- Author
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Thong KL, Hoe CH, Koh YT, and Yasin RM
- Subjects
- Dysentery, Bacillary microbiology, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Prevalence, Shigella drug effects, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Dysentery, Bacillary epidemiology, Shigella isolation & purification
- Published
- 2002
10. Molecular fingerprinting of fusidic acid- and rifampicin-resistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Malaysian hospitals.
- Author
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Norazah A, Lim VKE, Koh YT, Rohani MY, Zuridah H, Spencer K, Ng PP, and Kamel AGM
- Subjects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Methicillin Resistance genetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, DNA Fingerprinting methods, Fusidic Acid pharmacology, Rifampin pharmacology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects
- Abstract
The emergence and spread of multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, especially those resistant to fusidic acid and rifampicin, in Malaysian hospitals is of concern. In this study DNA fingerprinting by PFGE was performed on fusidic acid- and rifampicin-resistant isolates from Malaysian hospitals to determine the genetic relatedness of these isolates and their relationship with the endemic MRSA strains. In all, 32 of 640 MRSA isolates from 9 Malaysian hospitals were resistant to fusidic acid and rifampicin. Seven PFGE types (A, ZC, ZI, ZJ, ZK, ZL and ZM) were observed. The commonest type was type ZC, seen in 72% of isolates followed by type A, seen in 13%. Each of the other types (ZI, ZJ, ZK, ZL and ZM) was observed in a single isolate. Each type, even the commonest, was found in only one hospital. This suggests that the resistant strains had arisen from individual MRSA strains in each hospital and not as a result of the transmission of a common clone.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Isolation and PCR detection of rickettsiae from clinical and rodent samples in Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST, Rohani MY, Ho TM, and Devi S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Azure Stains, Cell Culture Techniques, Child, DNA, Bacterial analysis, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct, Guinea Pigs, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Malaysia epidemiology, Male, Mice, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Rickettsia classification, Rickettsia genetics, Rickettsia immunology, Rickettsia Infections blood, Rickettsia Infections epidemiology, Rickettsia Infections immunology, Rodent Diseases blood, Rodent Diseases epidemiology, Rodent Diseases immunology, Rodentia, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Rickettsia isolation & purification, Rickettsia Infections microbiology, Rickettsia Infections veterinary, Rodent Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Isolation of rickettsiae from patients' blood samples and organ samples of wild rodents from areas with high seroprevalence of rickettsial infections was attempted using cell culture assay and animal passages. L929 mouse fibroblast cells grown in 24 well tissue culture plate were inoculated with buffy coat of febrile patients and examined for the growth of rickettsiae by Giemsa, Gimenez staining and direct immunofluorescence assay. No rickettsiae were isolated from 48 patients' blood samples. No symptomatic infections were noted in mice or guinea pigs infected with 50 organ samples of wild rodents. There was no rickettsial DNA amplified from these samples using various PCR detection systems for Orientia tsutsugamushi, typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae.
- Published
- 2002
12. Borrelia burgdorferi (strain B. afzelii) antibodies among Malaysian blood donors and patients.
- Author
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Tay ST, Kamalanathan M, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Adult, Blotting, Western, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Lyme Disease blood, Lyme Disease immunology, Malaysia epidemiology, Male, Mass Screening, Population Surveillance, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Blood Donors statistics & numerical data, Borrelia burgdorferi Group immunology, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin M blood, Lyme Disease epidemiology
- Abstract
In this study, the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (strain B. afzelii) among Malaysian blood donors and patients admitted to hospital with various infectious diseases was determined. Sera were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); positive sera were then subjected to Western blot testing. All but one of the blood donors were negative for borrelial antibodies. Of 121 patients' sera, IgM antibodies were detected in 24 (19.8%) and IgG antibodies were detected in 5 (4.1%) sera. Only one of two patients with skin manifestations suggestive of Lyme disease had IgM antibody against B. afzelii. Of 30 patients with exposure to tick typhus, 4 (13.3%) were IgM positive and 1 (3.3%) was IgG positive. Based on the detection of antigenic bands by Western blot, 6 patients' sera showed positive reactions. Antigenic bands of p39, p41 and p59/62 kDa were the commonest findings of Western blotting. This study provides serological evidence of B. afzelii infections in Malaysia; further investigation is needed to correlate serological and clinical findings.
- Published
- 2002
13. Antigenic types of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST, Rohani MY, Ho TM, and Devi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunoenzyme Techniques methods, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin M blood, Malaysia epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Antigens, Bacterial analysis, Orientia tsutsugamushi classification, Orientia tsutsugamushi immunology, Scrub Typhus epidemiology, Scrub Typhus microbiology
- Abstract
The seroprevalence of various Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) strains among Malaysian patients with suspected scrub typhus infections was determined using an indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) assay. IgG against a single OT strain were detected in six sera (3 Karp, 1 Gilliam and 2 TC586), whereas IgM antibodies against a single OT strain (Gilliam) were noted in 3 sera (Gilliam). IgG reactive to all OT strains were present in 33 (47.1%) of the 70 sera and IgM reactive to all OT strains were present in 22 (78.6%) of the 28 sera. The fact that most sera were reactive to multiple OT strains suggests that group-specific antigens are involved in scrub typhus infections, whereas very few were due to strain-specific epitopes present on these strains. Peak IgG and IgM titers were noted more frequently against Gilliam, Karp, and TA763 strains: this suggests that these strains may be the commonest infecting strains among Malaysian patients. Two predominant OT polypeptides consistently reacted with patients' sera were the 70 kDa and 56 kDa proteins.
- Published
- 2002
14. Virulence of Malaysian isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi in mice.
- Author
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Tay ST, Rohani MY, Ho TM, and Devi S
- Subjects
- Animals, Ascitic Fluid microbiology, Malaysia, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Splenomegaly microbiology, Splenomegaly pathology, Orientia tsutsugamushi pathogenicity, Scrub Typhus microbiology
- Abstract
The pathogenicity of Malaysian isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi was investigated by a mouse virulence assay. The isolates could be differentiated as low (4 isolates), moderately (3 isolates) and highly virulent (2 isolates) based on the different responses in infected mice. No direct correlation between severity of human scrub typhus infections and virulence of the O. tsutsugamushi in mice was observed. Mice infected with virulent strains of O. tsutsugamushi showed splenomegaly, ascitis accumulation and enlargement of kidneys and livers whereas avirulent O. tsutsugamushi strains were asymptomatic and exhibited ruffled fur for a short period after infection. There was low antibody response in mice infected with isolates of low pathogenicity as compared with those of highly virulent isolates. Upon dissection of the infected mice, enlargement of mouse organs such as spleen, kidney and liver was noted. Presence of rickettsemia in mice was confirmed by the growth of O. tsutsugamushi in the L929 cells when inoculated with blood from infected mice. O. tsutsugamushi was also cultured from the peritoneal exudates of the infected mice. However, DNA of O. tsutsugamushi was only detected in the peritoneal exudates (by PCR) and blood (by cell culture) and not from other tissue samples.
- Published
- 2002
15. The use of the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the serodiagnosis of rickettsial diseases in Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Rickettsia Infections epidemiology, Immunoenzyme Techniques methods, Peroxidases metabolism, Rickettsia Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
The indirect immunoperoxidase (HP) test has been used extensively in most government hospitals in Malaysia for the serodiagnosis of scrub typhus, murine typhus and tick typhus during the 1990s. The test was used to determine the IgG and IgM antibody titers in patients' sera for three rickettsial species, ie Orientia tsutsugamushi OT; the causative agent of scrub typhus), Rickettsia typhi (RT; the causative agent of murine typhus), and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae (TT; the causative agent of tick typhus). The serological findings obtained from Malaysian hospitals using the IIP test (1994-1999) were analyzed. During the six-year period, a total of 61,501 patients' sera were tested, of which 9.6%, 10.5%, and 12.9% had antibody (IgG and/or IgM of > or = 1:50) for OT, RT and TT respectively. A total of 8.6%, 9.8%, and 9.7% of sera had IgG antibody of > or = 1:50 for OT, RT, and TT respectively, indicating past infection. A total of 3.4%, 3.8%, and 6.4 % of sera had IgM antibody of > or = 1:50 for OT, RT, and TT respectively, indicating recent infection. A total of 2,986 (4.9%), 1,882 (3.1%), and 1,574 (2.6%) of sera had IgG and/or IgM antibody titers of > or = 1:400 for OT, RT, and TT respectively, suggesting active rickettsial infection. The seropositivity rates of OT, RT and TT varied according to geographical locations. While the seropositivity of OT remained constant during the six-year period, a reduction in the seropositivity of both RT and TT was noted during recent years. The serological findings reflect the endemicity of rickettsial diseases, including tick typhus, and endemic typhus in various parts of Malaysia. Awareness of these diseases by health and medical staff and by the general public is important if the mortality and morbidity associated with scrub typhus, tick typhus, and murine typhus in Malaysia, are to be reduced.
- Published
- 2002
16. Isolation and polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Malaysian patients with respiratory tract infections.
- Author
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Tay ST, Habsah MY, Tan SC, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Adult, Base Sequence, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Primers, Female, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Male, Mycoplasma Infections epidemiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Mycoplasma Infections microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology
- Abstract
Isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from respiratory tract specimens obtained from 200 adult and 200 pediatric patients. M. pneumoniae was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 1(0.5%) adult patient and 4(2.0%) tracheal aspirates of pediatric patients. PCR was positive for only one (0.5%) broncoalveolar lavage fluid of an adult patient and fifteen (7.5%) tracheal aspirates of pediatric patients. This study suggested that M. pneumoniae was more frequently detected in pediatric patients and PCR appears to have advantages over isolation, in terms of rapidity and sensitivity.
- Published
- 2000
17. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from cerebrospinal fluid samples of pediatric patients.
- Author
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Tay ST, Habsah MY, Tan SC, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Malaysia, Mycoplasma Infections microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Mycoplasma Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification
- Abstract
Central nervous system manifestations are probably the most frequent extrapulmonary complications of infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, occur mostly in children. In this study, we attempted to isolate M. pneumoniae and to detect the organism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF) of pediatric patients. Of the 244 CSF samples, no M. pneumoniae was isolated. Six (2.5%) of the CSF samples were positive by PCR amplification. More effort are necessary to isolate the organism from CSF samples in order to ascertain the role of M. pneumoniae in causing neurological complications.
- Published
- 2000
18. Antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi and spotted fever group rickettsiae among febrile patients in rural areas of Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST, Ho TM, Rohani MY, and Devi S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Bacterial analysis, Child, Female, Fever epidemiology, Fever microbiology, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Rickettsia Infections diagnosis, Rickettsia Infections immunology, Rural Health statistics & numerical data, Scrub Typhus diagnosis, Scrub Typhus immunology, Orientia tsutsugamushi immunology, Rickettsia Infections epidemiology, Rickettsia typhi immunology, Scrub Typhus epidemiology
- Abstract
A serosurvey was conducted in 1995-97 among 1596 febrile patients from 8 health centres in Malaysia for antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT), Rickettsia typhi (RT) and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) by using an indirect immunoperoxidase assay. A total of 51.4% patients had antibody against at least 1 of those rickettsiae. Antibody to SFGR was most prevalent (42.5%), followed by RT (28.1%) and OT (24.9%). The seroprevalences of antibodies to SFGR, RT or OT alone were 12.4, 3.6 and 4.3%, respectively. Antibodies against more than 1 species of rickettsiae were presence in 31.1% of the patients, suggesting the possibility of co-infection, previous exposures or serological cross-reactivities. Seroprevalence of the various rickettsiae varied according to locality, with SFGR antibodies being the most prevalent in most areas. There was no significant association of prevalence of rickettsial antibody with gender. The seroprevalence of OT, SFGR and RT increased with patient age but an increase of antibody titre with age was not significant. Those working in the agricultural sectors had significantly higher seroprevalence of OT, SFGR and RT than those not related with agricultural activities. Scrub typhus remains a public health problem with an estimated annual attack rate of 18.5%. Tick typhus and murine typhus as shown in this serosurvey appear much more widespread than scrub typhus in this country.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Malaysian hospitals.
- Author
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Rohani MY, Raudzah A, Lau MG, Zaidatul AA, Salbiah MN, Keah KC, Noraini A, and Zainuldin T
- Subjects
- Colony Count, Microbial, Humans, Malaysia, Methicillin Resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Vancomycin Resistance, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Cross Infection microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects
- Abstract
Isolates of 390 Staphylococcus aureus were tested against 13 different antibiotics by a disc diffusion method as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Strains were isolated from blood (5.7%), cerebrospinal fluid (0.5%), respiratory tract (11.8%), pus and wound (73.3%), urine (1.8%), genital specimens (1.0%) and other specimens (4.3%). Only 4.6% of the isolates were fully susceptible to all the drugs tested. Resistance to penicillin was 94.1%, methicillin, 39.7%, chloramphenicol, 8.5%, ciprofloxacin, 29.2%, clindamycin, 2.1%, erythromycin, 45.9% gentamicin, 40.5%; rifampicin, 3.3% tetracycline, 47.2%, co-trimoxazole, 38.5%, mupirocin, 2.8%, fusidic acid, 3.6%. None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin. The susceptibility of methicillin-resistant strains to erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was low, while clindamycin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, and rifampicin remained active.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. In-vitro susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in Malaysia to six antibiotics.
- Author
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Rohani MY, Parasakthi N, Raudzah A, and Yasim MY
- Subjects
- Drug Resistance, Microbial, Malaysia, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Penicillin Resistance, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Pneumococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in Malaysia.
- Author
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Rohani MY, Raudzah A, Ng AJ, Ng PP, Zaidatul AA, Asmah I, Murtaza M, Parasakthy N, Mohd Yasmin MY, and Cheong YM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacterial Vaccines, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Malaysia epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Population Surveillance, Serotyping, Pneumococcal Infections epidemiology, Pneumococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae classification
- Abstract
During a 1-year period from October 1995 to September 1996, 273 isolations of Streptococcus pneumoniae were made from various types of clinical specimens. The majority of the isolates (39.2%) were from sputum whilst 27.5% were from blood, CSF and other body fluids. The organism was isolated from patients of all age groups, 31.1% from children aged 10 years and below, 64.7% of which come from children aged 2 years or below. The majority of the isolates belong to serotypes 1, 6B, 19B, 19F and 23F. Serotypes 1 and 19B were the most common serotypes associated with invasive infection. About 71.9% of the invasive infections were due to serotypes included in the available 23 valent polysaccharide vaccine. The rates of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin were 7.0 and 1.1% respectively. Our findings show that the serotypes of S. pneumoniae causing most invasive infections in Malaysia are similar to those in other parts of the world and the available vaccine may have a useful role in this population.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Serological evidence of natural infection of wild rodents (Rattus spp and Tupaia glis) with rickettsiae in Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST, Kaewanee S, Ho TM, Rohani MY, and Devi S
- Subjects
- Animals, Malaysia epidemiology, Orientia tsutsugamushi isolation & purification, Prevalence, Rats, Rickettsia typhi isolation & purification, Scrub Typhus epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne epidemiology, Antibodies, Bacterial isolation & purification, Rickettsia Infections epidemiology, Rodentia
- Published
- 1998
23. Serological findings of Coxiella burnetii infection among patients with fevers in a health centre in Sarawak, Malaysia.
- Author
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Tay ST, Ho TM, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fever microbiology, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Q Fever epidemiology, Coxiella burnetii, Q Fever microbiology
- Published
- 1998
24. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in raw and cooked food.
- Author
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Norazah A, Rahizan I, Zainuldin T, Rohani MY, and Kamel AG
- Subjects
- Beverages microbiology, Edible Grain microbiology, Escherichia coli classification, Fruit microbiology, Malaysia, Serotyping, Vegetables microbiology, Cooking, Escherichia coli pathogenicity, Food Microbiology
- Abstract
A total of 402 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from a variety of food samples and screened for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Screening was carried out using 15 specific monovalent antisera from Murex Diagnostic Limited. A total of 19 E. coli isolates were serotyped as EPEC. The EPEC strains were shown to belong to 8 serotypes. Eight out of 19 EPEC strains belonged to serotype 018C:K77 (B21). Seventeen out of 19 of the EPEC strains were isolated from cooked food. The presence of E. coli in cooked food is an indicator of fecal contamination and a sign of unhygienic food handling. The presence of EPEC in food could be a potential source of food-borne outbreak. Hygiene training for every food-handler is a necessity.
- Published
- 1998
25. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as an epidemiologic tool in the investigation of laboratory acquired Salmonella typhi infection.
- Author
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Koay AS, Jegathesan M, Rohani MY, and Cheong YM
- Subjects
- Bacteriophage Typing, DNA Fingerprinting, Humans, Laboratory Infection diagnosis, Laboratory Infection microbiology, Malaysia, Typhoid Fever diagnosis, Typhoid Fever microbiology, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Endemic Diseases, Laboratory Infection epidemiology, Salmonella typhi genetics, Typhoid Fever epidemiology
- Abstract
Strains of Salmonella typhi implicated in two separate cases of laboratory acquired infection from patients and the medical laboratory technologists who processed the patients' samples were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although all four isolates were of bacteriophage type E1, PFGE was able to demonstrate that the strains responsible for the two laboratory acquired cases were not genetically related. The PFGE patterns of the isolates from the MLTs were found to be identical to those of the corresponding patients after digestion with restriction enzyme AvrII. This provided genetic as well as epidemiological evidence for the source of the laboratory acquired infections.
- Published
- 1997
26. Diagnosis of scrub typhus in Malaysian aborigines using nested polymerase chain reaction.
- Author
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Tay ST, Nazma S, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Humans, Infant, Malaysia epidemiology, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Racial Groups, Scrub Typhus epidemiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Orientia tsutsugamushi isolation & purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Scrub Typhus diagnosis
- Abstract
A rapid diagnostic system for scrub typhus using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to clinical samples from Malaysian Aborigines. Whole blood from twenty-four patients suspected of scrub typhus infection were tested using nested polymerase chain reaction and sera were evaluated by the indirect immunoperoxidase test. Antibody responses towards Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were observed in seventeen patients with the majority having high titers of IgG antibodies. Seven patients were seronegative. The nested PCR amplified R. tsutsugamushi DNA from six patients, of which two were negative serologically and four had high titers of IgG antibodies. Second samples collected seven days after treatment were negative by PCR testing. Nested PCR is highly sensitive and specific and may be used to provide rapid confirmation of scrub typhus cases in endemic region.
- Published
- 1996
27. Indirect hemagglutination antibodies against Burkholderia pseudomallei in normal blood donors and suspected cases of melioidosis in Malaysia.
- Author
-
Norazah A, Rohani MY, Chang PT, and Kamel AG
- Subjects
- Endemic Diseases, Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Mass Screening, Melioidosis epidemiology, Melioidosis prevention & control, Prevalence, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Blood Donors, Burkholderia pseudomallei immunology, Hemagglutination Tests methods, Melioidosis immunology
- Abstract
Interpretation of the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for melioidosis in endemic areas is difficult because of the presence of antibodies in apparently healthy individuals. Fifty-three out of 200 healthy blood donors in Malaysia showed positive antibody titers (> or = 1 : 40) against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Seven percent had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 11% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 8.5% had a titer > or = 1 : 160. Out of 258 sera sent for melioidosis serology, 7% of the patients had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 9% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 20% had an IHA titer of > or = 1 : 160. If a titer of > or = 1 : 80 is taken as cut off point for positivity, 29% of the patients had positive melioidosis serology. Increasing the positivity threshold may jeopardize the sensitivity of the test. A more specific and sensitive test is needed.
- Published
- 1996
28. Streptococcal impetigo among aboriginal children in Malaysia.
- Author
-
Norazah A, Normaznah Y, Kamel AG, and Rohani MY
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Malaysia epidemiology, Racial Groups, Risk Factors, Seasons, Impetigo ethnology, Impetigo microbiology, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Streptococcus pyogenes
- Published
- 1995
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