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The dried plant collection, now known as the 'Van Royen herbarium', was assembled by Adriaan and David van Royen, successive Leiden professors of botany in the period 1729-1799. The significance of this herbarium is partly due to the fact that Linnaeus was able to study Adriaan's collections extensively when he stayed in The Netherlands, such that it must have influenced, to some extent, his subsequent publications, notably Species Plantarum (1753). In this review we track the complex history of the herbarium and follow its physical housing through time. Poor storage conditions in the 18th and 19th centuries may account for the loss of an unknown number of specimens originally in the herbarium. The history of the herbarium of Nicolaas Meerburg, head gardener in the Leiden botanical garden from 1774-1814, where he had worked from 1752, is closely connected with that of the Van Royens, and is also discussed here. We explore the composition of the 'Van Royen herbarium' and document who contributed to it. Altogether 80 plant collectors or original herbarium owners are identified. For example, there is a substantial set of specimens collected by Carl Peter Thunberg in Japan and many specimens from the Cape region of South Africa, which must have been gathered by him during his first stay there. Another large set is that collected by Johann Gerhard König in Ceylon (nowadays Sri Lanka) and there are many specimens from the collections of Albrecht von Haller and Sébastien Vaillant. The herbarium contains several seed collections used for Joseph Gaertner's De Fructibus (listed in Appendix 4) and also many specimens assembled by Adriaan van Royen for his Ericetum Africanum project. Last, but not least significant among the rest, there are specimens cut out of a book herbarium owned by Jacob Breyne with plants collected by Carolus Schweiker (or Sweiker) around Montpellier (France) in 1666. Information necessary for the correct attribution of specimens is presented, complete with information enabling attribution of individual specimens to their original owners. Example barcodes of specimens from individual contributors and their handwriting(s) can be found in Appendix 3. Brief details of the life and work of Adriaan and David van Royen is given in Appendices 1 and 2. The significance of the herbarium for the typification of Linnaean and other species names is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the objects of the Municipal Museum Zierikzee (Province of Zealand, The Netherlands) is a historical herbarium referred to by the name the 'Zierikzee Herbarium'. The characteristics of the specimens in the Zierikzee Herbarium are so similar to those in a herbarium at Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (L), that both must originate from the same place and time. About the latter herbarium little is known, except that it was once owned by the army-surgeon Simon(e) d'Oignies (1740-1782). The Zierikzee Herbarium was recently described and analysed in detail by Offerhaus et al. (2021). It is hypothesised that the Zierikzee Herbarium is part of a herbarium made by Professor Martinus Wilhelmus Schwencke (1707-1785) and was used during his lectures for future pharmacists in his botanical garden in The Hague in the 1750s, and auctioned in Leiden in 1785. The presence in the Zierikzee Herbarium of a virtually complete set of medicinal plants mentioned in the 'Pharmacopoea Hagana' (Anonymous 1738) eventually led to the conclusion that these could not have been assembled before 1730. Based on the printed ornaments that are used to mount the plants in these, and the major Dutch herbaria of the 18th century, I argue that the plants in the Zierikzee Herbarium and the herbarium of D'Oignies were remounted at a later date. The hypothesis by Offerhaus et al. (2021: 12) that the Zierikzee Herbarium was started between 1710 and 1720 is rejected. Arguments are given why it is unlikely that the Zierikzee Herbarium, as is suggested by Offerhaus et al. (2021: 12), is the herbarium of the head gardener of the Leiden botanic garden, Jacob Ligtvoet (1684-1752) and was auctioned in 1752. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this paper is the study of the pre-Linnaean herbarium of Paolo Boccone (1633-1704) which is kept in Leiden (the Netherlands) and its connections with two works of the same author: the imprinted herbarium kept in Paris in the Bibliothèques Interuniversitaires de Médecine and the printed volume “Icones et Descriptiones” of 1674. By means of the comparative analysis of the three works we have verified the existence of numerous similarities (even a complete overlap) between the samples of the Leiden herbarium (some with visible traces of ink), the imprints of the Paris herbarium and the figures of “Icones et Descriptiones”. The drawings to be found in this work, thanks to the realistic fidelity that distinguishes them, have been used by various authors until quite recent times for the description of new taxa. This shows the importance and the usefulness of the herbarium in question for the processes of typification. The taxonomic identification of the specimens (121 angiosperms and 1 alga) allowed us to designate the lectotype and the epitype of Daucus gingidium subsp. polygamus (Gouan) Onno and of Daucus carota subsp. commutatus (Paol.) Thell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]