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Aims People with diabetes mellitus (DM] represent a population group that is at high risk of developing a poor prognosis for Covid-19. Having diabetes increases the risk of serious illness, ICU stay, and death from Covid-19. The present study aimed to determine RETN gene polymorphisms as a risk factor in diabetic patients with Covid-19 infection. Instruments & Methods The current study included 150 participants with diabetes, 100 patients of whom had Covid-19 (46 male, 54 female], and 50 had diabetes only (28 male, 22 female]. Five ml of venous blood was collected from participants, then used for examining the blood sugar and HbAlc levels and molecular study. Finding: There was a significant increase in random blood sugar and HbAlC concentrations in diabetic patients infected with Covid-19 compared to diabetic patients only. Regarding the molecular study of the gene encoding the protein resistin, diabetic patients with Covid-19 had a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms compared to diabetic patients only. Polymorphisms of X494T.C, X663A.C, X494T.C, and X663A.C recorded significant differences, while the polymorphisms of rs3219177, X542A.C, and rs3745367 did not show a significant difference. Conclusion Diabetic parameters increase in diabetic patients with covid-19 compared to diabetic patients without Covid-19. In addition, diabetic patients with Covid-19 have a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the RETN gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have been reported that vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms underlying this association is unclear. Besides, inflammation and deregulation of adipokines secretion have been recognized as pivotal factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of these conditions. Therefore, we assessed whether serum vitamin D status is associated with serum levels of adipokines and inflammatory markers in these patients. Methods: This case-control study was carried out among 65 patients with MetS who had vitamin D insufficiency (cases) and 130 MetS patients who had vitamin D sufficiency (controls). Cases and controls were recruited from among those referred to health centers in Zabol County, Iran. Vitamin D insufficiency was regarded as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration below 30 ng/ml. Serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin and also adiponectin/leptin ratio along with serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were evaluated. Results: Serum levels of leptin, resistin, and TNF-α were significantly higher, whereas, serum adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio were significantly lower in cases than the controls. There was no significant difference in serum visfatin, IL-6, and IL-10 between the groups. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were inversely correlated with leptin, resistin, and TNF-α in both unadjusted models and after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that vitamin D insufficiency in MetS patients is associated with increased inflammation and serum adipokine abnormalities which may be associated with developing metabolic complications in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zingiber officinale (ginger) consumption on some metabolic and clinical features of obesity. Methods: Eighty eligible obese women (aged 18-45 years) were randomly assigned to either ginger or placebo groups (receiving 2 g/day of ginger powder or corn starch as two 1 g tablets) for 12 weeks. Body mass index (BMI) and body composition were assessed every 4 weeks, and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, insulin and glucose were determined before and after intervention. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were also calculated. Results: Ginger consumption significantly decreased BMI, serum insulin and HOMA-IR index, along with increasing QUICKIs as compared to the placebo. Moreover, significant reductions in serum leptin, resistin and glucose were observed in both groups, especially in ginger group with nonsignificant differences between groups. The body composition and serum levels of adiponectin were not significantly changed in study groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a minor beneficial effect of 2 g ginger powder supplementation for 12 weeks on weight loss and some metabolic features of obesity. However, given the lack of data in this area, ongoing clinical trials are needed to further explore ginger's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity reduces symptoms of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of six-week aerobic exercise upon Chemerin and Resistin concentration in women with menopause who had hypertension. Methods: The population of this quasi-experimental study included postmenopausal women diagnosed with hypertension. They were 50 to 55 years old and lived in Amol, a city in north part of Iran. Twenty volunteers were filled the personal consent and Health Questionnaire. They were randomly assigned to Experimental and control groups equally (n=10 per group). The experimental group conducted a 6-week aerobic training program from 8- 10am every day. Results: Endurance exercise decreased Chemerin (t=10.41, P<0.000) and Resistin (t=2.42, P<0.051); indicating the decline of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Considering anti-inflammatory effects of exercise, training plays an important role in reducing inflammatory indices in human; and endurance training can be a good strategy to deal with inflammation and cardiac- vascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on adipokines levels and clinical signs in obese and overweight patients with migraine., Results: Forty-four patients with episodic migraine participated in this clinical trial and were divided into two groups nano-curcumin (80 mg/day) and the control group over 2-month period. At the baseline and the end of the research, the serum levels of MCP-1, Resistin, and Visfatin were measured using the ELISA method. In addition, the headache attack frequencies, severity, and duration of pain were recorded. The results of the present study showed that nano-curcumin can significantly reduce MCP-1 serum levels in the nano-curcumin supplemented group (P = 0.015, size effect = 13.4%). In the case of resistin and visfatin, nano-curcumin supplementation exerted no statistically significant changes in serum levels (P > 0.05). Nano-curcumin also significantly reduced the attack frequencies, severity, and duration of headaches (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that targeting curcumin can be a promising approach to migraine management. However, further comprehensive human trials are needed to confirm these findings., Trial Registration: This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with ID number: IRCT20160626028637N2 on the date 2020-07-10., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: We investigated the association between three adipocytokines: resistin, adiponectinl, visfatin, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and early postpartum metabolic syndrome. Methods: In a case-control study, 70 GDM patients and 76 healthy pregnant women were recruited from Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center GDM Clinic, Tehran, Iran. Circulatory resistin, adiponectin and visfatin were measured in week 24-28th of pregnancy. All the participants followed until 6-12 weeks after delivery. Results: The concentrations of all three adipocytokines were significantly different between GDM patients and healthy pregnant women. Visfatin concentration was higher in GDM patients (10.62±8.12 vs. 4.30±4.00 µg/ml, P< 0.01). Adiponectin concentration was lower in GDM patients (9.07±5.10 vs. 13.45±8.53 µg/ml, P<0.01). Resistin concentration was also lower in GDM patients (5.04±2.03 vs. 10.40±3.63 ng/ml, P<0.01). Postpartum follow-up showed that women developing metabolic syndrome had significantly lower adiponectin and resistin concentrations during pregnancy; however, visfatin concentration measured during pregnancy had no relation with postpartum development of metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, after adjustment for age and pre-pregnancy BMI, logistic regression analysis did not show independent relation between adiponectin and resistin with development of postpartum metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Our results indicate that adipocytokines may associate with GDM and postpartum metabolic syndrome. However, the efficacy of their measurement during pregnancy as a predictor of postpartum metabolic syndrome is controversial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: With increasing evidence regarding the metabolic basis of osteoarthritis (OA), we studied the relationship between adipose tissue and OA., Methods: This study is part of an OA registry in the eastern part of Fars Province, Iran. Overall, 150 patients with OA and 300 sex matched individuals were selected as a control group. They were compared regarding adipokine concentration (leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin), anthropo-metric indices, the Western Ontario and McMaster universities arthritis index score (WOMAC)., Results: All adipokine levels were higher among OA patients (p<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), adipokines showed a significant and positive association with OA (B: 14.12, B: 9.92, B: 24.71 and B: 12.29 for leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, respectively; p<0.001). Except the adiponectin that had a negative relationship with BMI in the OA group (r=-0.570, p<0.001), other adipokines had positive relationships with BMI (r=0.781, p<0.001; r=0.530, p<0.001; r=0.549, p<0.001 for leptin, visfatin, and resistin, respectively). Only leptin and adiponectin levels were correlated with pain (B: 0.045, -0.079 and p<0.05)., Conclusion: The present study shows that aside to the well-known role of mechanical stress in OA pathogenesis (weight load), leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, which represent the adi-pose tissue independent on the weight, may play a chemical role in OA pathogenesis. In addition, leptin and adiponectin may be involved in the pain levels among patients with OA.