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The use of computers and mobile devices is increasing. Computers and mobile devices help our daily work or study. However, prolonged use of them may cause computer vision syndrome (CVS). Nowadays, CVS becomes a health problem for everyone working with computers or mobile devices including college students because it causes dry eyes. It may disrupt reading, doing professional work, or using a computer which is important for college students to complete academic tasks. Sodium hyaluronate can be used to overcome the dry eye problem due to CVS. To assess the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate eyedrops on students suffering from CVS, pre- and post-administration of sodium hyaluronate was measured for two weeks. Inclusion criteria for this study were college students aged 20-35 years, using a computer for >2 hours a day, not using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), not consuming drugs, or having a disease that affects tear production and bearing no pregnancy. Parameters assessed include tear break-up time using the Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT) test, tear production using the Schirmer I test, the number of clinically subjective symptoms, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. Data were analyzed using student paired t-tests or Wilcoxon Rank Test. There were statistically significant differences before and after the TBUT (4.4 vs 6.7 seconds; p<0.0001); the Schirmer I Test (4 vs 6 mm; p<0.05), and the number of clinically subjective symptoms (3 vs 0 clinically subjective symptoms; p<0.0001). The OSDI scores did not show statistical differences before and after administration of sodium hyaluronate (27 vs 21; p>0.05), but there was a positive impact from moderate to mild dry eye. Sodium hyaluronate eyedrops can be used as one of the CVS therapy strategies for students suffering from CVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a group of various eye and vision-related problems from prolonged use of mobile devices. Symptoms include dry eyes, blurred vision, eye strain, headache, and also neck and shoulder pain. This study was carried out to analyze the correlation between the exposure time of High Energy Visible (HEV) from mobile devices' use and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes in young age. An observational cross-sectional study was done using quota sampling method for 100 High School students. Data collection was performed using questionnaire to identify daily use of mobile devices (hours) and duration for using mobile devices (years). A classification was determined as mild, moderate, and heavy HEV exposure. Evaporative dry eyes were diagnosed using tear break-up time test (TBUT) of less than 10 s for both eyes. Ninety-four students participated in this study. A total of 82 students (87.2%) experienced evaporative dry eyes. There were 11 students (11.7%) who had dry eyes with mild exposure, 18 students (19.1%) had dry eyes with moderate exposure, and 53 students (56.4%) had dry eyes with heavy exposure. A chi square analysis showed all HEV exposures have similar risk to the prevalence of dry eyes among High School students (p<0.05). The risk of developing evaporative dry eyes, as one of the symptoms of CVS in young age with normal tear production, could be induced even with minimal exposure to mobile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of Dry Eye Disease (DED) based on body mass index (BMI) in Islamic boarding school population in the rural Malang area. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted from October to November 2021. Samples were selected using consecutive sampling in Nurul Mutaqina Al‐Barokah Islamic boarding school Malang, East Java, Indonesia. 359 students and employees were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and Tear Break Up Time (TBUT) test were used to assess dry eye disease. Body mass index was calculated using anthropometric measurements that included height and weight. BMI in adults is measured by dividing the body weight in kilograms by height in meters squared (kg/m2) In paediatrics, gender‐specific BMI‐for‐age percentile curves are used to define the BMI category. Results: Of 359 participants, 90 participants had abnormal TBUT and 19 participants had an OSDI score of (13. 13 of them were diagnosed with DED, none was underweight, 38.5% were normoweight, 41.7% were overweight and 8.3% were obese p = 0.011 (OR 2232, CI 95%, 1207–4130). Conclusions: The prevalence of dry eye disease according to body mass index was 3.6% which tends to be low. DED was commonly found in groups with higher BMI. Further investigation to determine the prevalence of DED with a proportional amount of each BMI category is highly recommended for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the prevalence and identify associated risk factors for dry eye syndrome in a population in Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: A one stage cluster sampling procedure was conducted to randomly select 100 households in each of the five rural villages and one provincial town of the Riau province, Indonesia, from April to June 2001. Interviewers collected demographic, lifestyle, and medical data from 1058 participants aged 21 years or over. Symptoms of dry eye were assessed using a six item validated questionnaire. Presence of one or more of the six dry eye symptoms often or all the time was analysed. Presence of pterygium was documented. Results: Prevalence of one or more of the six dry eye symptoms often or all the time adjusted for age was 27.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 24.8 to 30.2). After adjusting for all significant variables, independent risk factors for dry eye were pterygium (p<0.001, multivariate odds ratio (OR) 1.8; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.5) and a history of current cigarette smoking (p=0.05, multivariate OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2). Conclusions: This population based study provides prevalence rates of dry eye symptoms in a tropical developing nation. From our findings, pterygium is a possible independent risk factor for dry eye symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]