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This study is a qualitative research with case study strategy that aims to describe the understanding of Mathematics teacher about the learning process based on 2013 Curriculum (K13) 2017 Revision. The subjects of this study are a Mathematics teacher who has status as a Civil Servant and Honorary at SMAN 1 Wuryantoro, Wonogiri Regency. The result of this study is generally, the understanding of the two Mathematics teachers about the learning process based on K13 2017 Revision have been appropriate to the guidelines K13 2017 Revision by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia. However, the Honorary teacher's understanding of the learning process has not been appropriate to the Assessment Guidelines by Educators and the High School Education.

This development research aimed to develop a learning module for students of Computer Science, to determine the feasibility of the module, and to determine the students' response towards the module. This study used Research and Development (R&D) type of ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The module was developed based on the results of the research. The results of the feasibility of the module showed the following points: (1) the material expert and the lecturer of the Computer Science Department gave percentage of 69,63% under the range of 66.67%

This qualitative study examines examples of multicultural attitudes in pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It employs focus group discussions (FGD), in-depth interviews and participatory observations research methods to figure out multicultural life at Pesantren Darul Istiqamah (DI), a non-denominational pesantren in Maros, South Sulawesi--Indonesia. The research subjects were ustad (teacher), students (santri), and kyai (religious leaders) of the pesantren. The data were analyzed, contrasted and compared systematically through an inductive qualitative approach. The researcherss conclude that pesantren have their own perspectives about multiculturalism derived from the holy Koran without adopting Western theories. Their views fundamentally reflect an opinion that human beings are created with differences, so, diversities in language, race, and religion are inevitable and therefore people should respect each other. This philosophy underpins curriculum, teaching-learning process and interactions inside/outside of the pesantren which are inclusive and equally valued all diversity.

Family law has been a fundamental issue in the negotiation of the relationship between the state and religion at the national level. For more than 50 years, the everyday functioning of the administration of Muslim marriage has depended on intermediating roles played by informal religious leaders. During the last decade, the central government perceived the practice of receiving informal fee for bedolan (marriage outside the office) as illegal gratification. The central government, therefore, launched reform in some ways. It made marriage ceremony free of charge and abolished bedolan fee. It removed informal religious leaders from marriage functionaries. In practice, Muslims do value the religious aspect of a marriage ceremony and regard the administrative one as a complement. It is informal religious leaders who can meet this perception. This article investigates how intermediaries play roles in marriage administration and delves into local relations between state-promoted officials and informal religious leaders to understand why the reform did not affect the latter's position. In day-to-day practice of Muslim marriage, the co-existence of different authorities handling marriage is continuously negotiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: The emergence and rapid increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in pig farms has become a serious concern and reduced the choice of effective antibiotics. Objective: This study analyzed the phylogenetics and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and molecularly identified the source of ARGs in antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from pig farms in Banten Province, Indonesia. Methods: Forty-four antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates from fecal samples from 44 pig farms in Banten Province, Indonesia, were used as samples. The samples were categorized into 14 clusters. Sequencing was performed using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform, with barcoding before sequencing with Nanopore Rapid sequencing gDNAbarcoding (SQK-RBK110.96) according to manufacturing procedures. ARG detection was conducted using ResFinder, and the plasmid replicon was determined using PlasmidFinder. Results: Three phylogenetic leaves of E. coli were identified in the pig farming cluster in Banten Province. The E. coli isolates exhibited potential resistance to nine classes of antibiotics. Fiftyone ARGs were identified across all isolates, with each cluster carrying a minimum of 10 ARGs. The ant(3")-Ia and qnrS1 genes were present in all isolates. ARGs in the E. coli pig farming cluster originated mainly from plasmids, accounting for an average of 89.4%. Conclusions and Relevance: The elevated potential for MDR events, coupled with the dominance of ARGs originating from plasmids, increases the risk of ARG spread among bacterial populations in animals, humans, and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can have a notable impact on the psychological and physical well-being of individuals, which in turn affects the management of the condition. Men and women experiencing stress and adopting distinct coping strategies. However, research focusing specifically on T2DM in men is still limited. Purpose: The present study intends to investigate the distress and coping strategies adopted by male T2DM outpatients in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design and conducted indepth interviews to 24 male T2DM outpatients. The interview guidelines were formulated using the Indonesian version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS17) questionnaire, which comprised four domains: physician-related distress, emotional burden, regimen-related distress, and interpersonal distress. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the results gathered during the research and compile them into a final report. Results: The study revealed that individuals diagnosed with T2DM experienced a range of emotional and practical difficulties, including feelings of fear, anxiety, and a lack of understanding. Disease burden, a lack of understanding of both diabetes and healthcare services, difficulties managing their diet, routine medication, financial concerns, and fatigue also contributed to the distress. To cope with distress, the informants identified eight distinct coping strategies. Of these, the most effective strategy was receiving support from family members, followed by acceptance, self management, positive attitude, understanding of their illness, joining the diabetes community, spirituality, and getting more information about T2DM. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that men experience eight distinct types of stress and utilise comparable coping strategies associated with T2DM. Emotional distress represents the predominant pressure, while family support constitutes the primary coping strategy. These results are important for nurses and other healthcare professionals in supporting patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological product in the form of an application usable in education. The implementation of AI, specifically in the teaching and learning process in Higher Education, not only broadens students' scientific knowledge academically but also facilitates awareness about current technological developments. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the improvement of English writing skills through the integration of AI into reading practices and provision of adequate feedback for skills enhancement. Also, students' attitude toward the use of AI in the teaching and learning process served as the intervening variables. This study was conducted at Higher Schools in Makassar City, Indonesia, and data were collected from 80 students through questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that (1) Students' attitude toward the use of AI played a mediating role in explaining the effect of reading and feedback on writing skills, (2) Reading had an indirect effect through attitude on writing skills improvement, and (3) Lecturers feedback had an indirect effect through attitude on writing skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Family resilience is strongly influenced by religious coping and spiritual/religious well-being (RW). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, this study intends to investigate the relationship between religious coping, spiritual well-being, and family resilience. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (n = 242) was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 in Indonesia. The Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale-Chinese version, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Family Resilience Assessment Scale were used for data collection. Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) software (version 3.2.7) was used to analyze the data. Results: Most respondents aged range from 46 to 55 years-old (30.9%). Also, most of them were having senior high school educational level (47.7%), earn <3 million rupiah (90.5%), and jobless (66.7%). Family resilience to COVID-19 has been influenced by the relationship between RW and existential well-being (EW) (81.2%) (β =0.901, t = 24,836, P = 0.001). Religious Non-coping (RNC)- Religious well-being(RW) is 0.124, which indicating that RNC affecting RW by 12.4%, and it also impacting on family resilience to COVID-19 (β = -0.310, t = 3.275, P = 0.001, f 2 = 0.085; minor). Conclusion: Religious coping, RW, and EW are all important factors influencing family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has ended. However, with the dynamic development of world health, an outbreak may occur in the future, so the findings of this research will be helpful in providing a warning about spiritual factors that significantly influence family resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-speed trains designed and constructed in Indonesia will use Aluminum alloy Al 6061-T6 as a structural material. Aluminum alloys are prone to fatigue failure due to the absence of endurance limit of the material, hence fatigue life prediction has to be carried out. Fatigue cracks could initiate at the defects of welded joints. Analyzing the fatigue load spectrum of critical locations in the train structures is crucial to predicting fatigue life. These critical locations are selected from areas with high static stress and stress concentration. The loads are analyzed using the multibody dynamic with rigid body assumptions and track roughness following UIC Standard Code 518. The finite element method is used to calculate the stresses from the loads generated by the multibody dynamic. The load sequence is further analyzed with rainflow counting method, and the load exceedance curve can be constructed. Finally, the Miner Linear Cumulative Damage Model is used to predict fatigue life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of global stock exchanges indices--the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) index, and the Nikkei 225 (N225) index--and macroeconomic variables (exchange rate and inflation) on the movement of the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI). Method -- The data analysis method used in this study is quantitative causality with the GARCH model technique. The samples include the JCI, global stock exchanges (DJIA, SSE, N225) indices, and macroeconomic variables (exchange rate, inflation) based on monthly secondary data from 2017 to 2022, encompassing 72 months of observation. Result -- The results showed that the global stock market variables of the DJIA and the SSE indices had a significant positive effect, while the N225 index had a significant effect on the JCI. Regarding macroeconomic variables, the exchange rate had a significant negative effect, whereas inflation did not affect the JCI. Novelty -- The novelty of this research, compared to previous studies, lies in the more recent research period, which spans from 2017 to 2022, and the inclusion of inflation variables, which have not been explored in prior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Indonesian government's policy response under the PEN (National Economic Recovery) programme aimed at assisting MSMEs during the COVID-19 crisis. The findings show that the scheme significantly benefited the enterprises. Credit restructuring and interest subsidy programmes offered critical assistance to the beneficiaries and improved their access to credit options. Moreover, the Productive Government Assistance for Micro Businesses (BPUM) initiative enabled the beneficiary enterprises to address emergency working capital needs required during the pandemic. However, this study also identifies several hurdles that reduced the effectiveness of the PEN programme. These challenges could have been overcome by striking a balance between banked and unbanked MSMEs, maintaining reliable databases for targeted recipients, and strengthening coordination between the various agencies involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities is the property of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aim: Livestock waste in the form of feces and liquid represents an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Because many ARGs can be horizontally transferred to other pathogens, livestock waste plays an essential role in the emergence and transmission of various ARGs in the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to detect and assess the diversity of tet genes in Escherichia coli isolated from pig farm waste in Banten province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Solid waste (feces) and wastewater were collected from 44 pig farms in Banten province. The isolation and identification of E. coli referred to the Global Tricycle Surveillance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli World Health Organization (2021) guidelines. tet genes were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after dividing pig farms in the province into four clusters based on their adjacent areas and characteristics. Results: tetA, tetB, tetC, tetM, tetO, and tetX were detected in solid waste and wastewater from pig farms, whereas tetE was not detected in either sample type. tetX (100%) and tetO (75%) were the most dominant genes in solid waste, whereas wastewater samples were dominated by tetA, tetM, tetO, and tetX (prevalence of 50% each). Furthermore, eight tet gene patterns were found in pig farm waste (prevalence of 12.5% each). Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of tetO and tetX in solid waste and wastewater from pig farms in Banten province. This significant prevalence and diversity indicated the transmission of tet genes from pigs to the environment, posing a serious threat to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an agrarian country with potential in agriculture that aligns differently from the possibility of supporting human resources. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce agriculture from an early age. Early childhood learning programs with an agricultural perspective can teach children the importance of agriculture and basic skills such as caring for, watering and planting plants. This research aims to understand the significance of agriculture-based learning in early childhood education environments. This research method uses Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyze Extensions for scoping reviews using three databases, namely Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Sage journals. The literature reviewed from the scoping study obtained eight articles that used qualitative and quantitative or mixed methods. The types of journals produced are primarily children's education journals, environmental education journals for children, and journals about nutrition for children. Many research subjects also centre on children's intelligence, scientific and nature-friendly attitudes, and cognitive, language, and social skills that children can acquire from gardening or agriculture-based learning. From data collection and preparation of literature material, benefits from agricultural-based learning programs are obtained. This benefit is the basis for the importance of agriculture-based learning in kindergarten children. The benefits of agricultural learning-based activities in Early Childhood Education (ECE) include increasing early childhood knowledge and love of farming activities, increasing children's naturalistic intelligence, promoting healthy food in early childhood, environmentally friendly attitudes, and cognitive intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akademika is the property of Akademika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maintenance of the Fishing vessel's main engine by a risk assessment of critical components in the system is a crucial factor for operating fishing vessels. This article analyzes the main engine's risk level using the fuzzy-FMEA model. The system components and their failure modes were obtained by direct observation of eight fishing vessels in Batam, Indonesia. The evaluation resulted in a ranking of critical components in a row using C-RPN analysis, namely the injector (200.61), injection pump (159.94), and fuel filter (95.09). In comparison, the F-RPN analysis resulted in changes in the values of the critical components, respectively, namely the injector (454.80), injection pump (358.42), and fuel tank (293.48). The F-RPN value in the investigated analysis is more accurate because in evaluating the data entered, the risk parameter index of the evaluation results. The fuzzy-FMEA model has the advantage of accurately assessing the level of component failure risk on the main engine of fishing vessels because it has accuracy in getting the value of potential risk on C-FMEA in entering risk parameter indicator data. Fuzzy-FMEA model contributes to the existing knowledge of maintenance planning by using risk analysis on critical components of the main engine of fishing vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Slaughterhouses and their effluents could serve as a “hotspot” for the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. This study aimed to understand the distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from the floor surface and effluent samples of pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Ten samples, each from floor surface swabs and effluents, were collected from 10 pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province. Escherichia coli strains were isolated and identified by referring to the protocol of the Global Tricycle Surveillance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli from the WHO (2021). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the tet genes. Results: The tetA, tetB, tetC, tetM, tetO, and tetX genes were distributed in the isolates from the floor surface samples, and the tetA, tetC, tetE, tetM, tetO, and tetX genes were distributed in the isolates from the effluent samples. The tetO gene (60%) was the most dominant gene in the isolates from floor surface samples, while the tetA gene was the dominant one in the isolates from the effluent samples (50%). The tetA + tetO gene combination was the dominant pattern (15%) in the E. coli isolates. Conclusion: The high prevalence and diversity of the tet genesin floor surface and effluent samples from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province indicated that the transmission of the tet genes had occurred from pigs to the environment; thus, this situation should be considered a serious threat to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational leadership research has been more oriented toward western theories and contexts, ignoring the contextual conditions that shape leadership styles and characteristics. Whereas recent research found that leadership is inseparable from context and is more appropriate according to the setting of a particular society. This study aims to avoid bias when interpreting leadership patterns by finding a concept of Islamic leadership in the field of Education. Indonesia is predominantly Muslim, where Islamic-based education has been facilitated by the state and included in the policy system. This research was conducted using a qualitative case study research approach. The participants of the study were two principals and five academic staffs in two nationally-accredited "Excellent" Islamic senior high schools. Data collection technique employed interviews, observations, online surveys, and documentation complemented by triangulation at data sources level. Study results showed that the principal's leadership pattern implemented Islamic religious values and the context of the society. so the findings can be considered when carrying out educational management based on Islamic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The image of development in Indonesia is getting worse when development progress is felt by the upper class. The segmentation of the upper and lower levels of society is reflected in the gap between life in the village and the city. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of income inequality based on the classification of villages, cities, and between villages and cities in Indonesia. The data analysis method used is panel data regression which is an analytical technique that is observed over a certain period. The data used is annual secondary data from 2016-2020 in 34 provinces of Indonesia. Inequality analysis is carried out by calculating the Gini index based on household expenditure data. Economic growth, population, human development index, domestic investment, technology development index, and employment opportunities are independent variables. The results of this study found that there was a significant negative relationship the technology development index and positive relationship population in city and between village and city areas. Then the variable employment opportunity have a significant negative relationship to income inequality in the village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: In 2020, Indonesia, which has the highest global production of edible bird's nest (EBNs), exported up to 1312.5 tons of this product at a value of USD 540.4 million. Recently, food safety aspects related to EBNs, including contamination with heavy metals, have become a serious concern. However, data on the presence and concentration of heavy metals in EBNs in Indonesia are not yet available. This study aimed to determine and compare the presence and concentrations of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and tin (Sn) in EBNs originating from several primary Indonesian islands. The study also analyzed the effect of washing on the heavy metal content in EBNs. Materials and Methods: A study on 44 swiftlet farmhouses (SFHs) was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in EBNs. The number of samples from the SFHs was allocated proportionally to the main EBN-producing islands in Indonesia, that is, Kalimantan, Sumatera, Sulawesi, and Java (22, 13, 7, and 2, respectively). The concentrations of the above five elements in the samples before washing (raw-unclean EBNs) and after washing (raw-clean EBNs) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Washing was conducted according to the general procedures at an EBN processing plant. Results: The raw-unclean EBNs from the four islands contained As, Pb, Cd, and Sn at varying concentrations. However, Hg was not detected in the raw-unclean EBN samples from Sulawesi. The raw-unclean EBNs from Kalimantan had lower concentrations of Pb and Cd compared with the other islands. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Sn in the EBNs decreased significantly after washing with clean water. Conclusion: Heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Sn) were detected at a low level in most of the raw-unclean EBNs originating from the main Indonesian island where they were produced. The concentrations of all the heavy metals reviewed in the raw-unclean EBNs samples decreased significantly after washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial statements are information on how a company is performing. In order for the company's performance to look good and attract investors, managers may perform dysfunctional behavior on financial statements. Factors that can trigger dysfunctional behavior are conditions of profitability, solvency, liquidity and firm size. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether the condition of the company can affect the manager’s dysfunctional behavior. The population in this study are transportation companies that "go public". The sample was determined based on a purposive technique consisting of 10 Indonesian transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2016-2020 period. Data testing is done by using logistic regression. The results showed that partially Profitability, Solvency, Liquidity, and Firm Size had no significant effect on managers' dysfunctional behavior.Managers of companies that have high or low profitability, solvency and liquidity perform (not perform) dysfunctional behavior. Likewise, managers of large and small companies both may engage in (not engage in) dysfunctional behavior. Therefore, investors need to be careful in investing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trade balance is an accounting record that has relation with the value of export transactions and imports of goods of a country. The export component of goods is a very important activity to increase the trade balance surplus, therefore every nation will strive to produce goods and services that are able to compete in the international market. Trade relations between country have been started by Indonesia for a long time with many countries in the world, including with the State of Afghanistan. both have a close bilateral cooperation relationship since 1955. Despite frequent conflicts in Afghanistan, trade relations between the two countries continue, including the export and import of a number of commodities. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Taliban control on the trade balance of Indonesia and Afghanistan with descriptive methods with a comparative approach. Between Indonesia and Afghanistan there was no problem in trade relations after the Taliban came to power. The Taliban continues to maintain relations with its business partners to achieve common interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: RGL mandarin is one of the important mandarin citrus varieties in Indonesia. The tolerance of RGL mandarin citrus to water deficit can be induced by the rootstock. This study aimed to characterize the physiological responses and transcriptional gene expression of RGL mandarin citrus grafted onto three rootstock genotypes during the dry and the rainy seasons. Methods: Three-years-old mandarin citrus trees cv. Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) grafted onto three citruses (JC, Cit and K) were planted at the experimental field of the ICISFRI. The experiment was conducted with a randomized block design and each scionrootstock combination contained five replications. All of the physiological and relative gene expression parameters observed were conducted at the last of the dry season (September 2019) and the mid of the rainy season (January 2020). Water deficit was induced by no watering plants during the dry season. Result: The results of physiological responses and relative gene expression analyses showed that RGL-Cit combination had better than RGL-JC combination and RGL-JC combination had better than RGL-K combination. RGL-Cit combination showed less wilt than RGL-JC and RGL-K combinations. The RGL-Cit combination had the highest stomatal density, stomatal aperture, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate in the dry season. Different plant combinations showed different gene expressions. RGL-JC and RGL-K combinations were upregulated in almost all the primers related to drought responses tested in the dry season. RGL-Cit combination only upregulated the PIP1, PIP2 and ACS2 and unregulated the others in the dry season. Therefore, citrumelo seems to be a valuable type of rootstock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present study attempts to identify the hidden ideology of the Indonesian Presidents’ speeches in the postnew order. By using an amalgamation of analytical tools, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) incorporates with Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), especially Martin and White's (2005) The subtypes of Appraisal system, Attitudinal analysis (Abiog, E. B., & David, R. 2020) to uncover the ideological stance inside the presidential speech texts. This paper has two main objectives. Firstly, it is to identify the most frequent distribution of the social actor as being targeted in the speeches. Secondly, it is to uncover ideological stance realized through lexical choices of utterances toward social actors. The research data was selected from two prominent presidential speeches of President Susilo Yudhoyono (henceforth, SBY) 3386 words and President Jokowi Widodo (henceforth, Jokowi) 3386 words. This present research was designed qualitatively. The results showed judgmental subcategory surpassed the other two attitudinal categories by a large margin in the speeches of SBY and Jokowi with more than 54 % (81 instances) of attitudinal choices. The exceeding judgmental category was used to identify how SBY and Jokowi evaluated the selected actors (Government, People, and Politician). The exceeding of tenacity resources upon the other subtypes of Judgment by a small margin with 15 instances exceeded SBY by a split gap with 14 instances. The most frequent subtype of tenacity was to evaluate the social actors indicated someone is dependable to overcome their obstacles. Thus, SBY and Jokowi evaluated the people of Indonesia as the dependable actors positively inscribed evaluation of tenacity to give stress to the audiences since they delivered explicitly to avoid misunderstanding between the presidents with audiences. Real support from the people urgently needed to build good power relations. This study was concluded SBY and Jokowi evaluated the people of Indonesia using positively inscribed evaluation toward the people of Indonesia to describe their positive value toward the people of Indonesia as the dependable people to work hard with their strength. This was done by both presidents to obtain the public's trust to support their power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper examines the Indonesian government's new microcredit programme, the Ultra Microcredit (UMi) scheme, designed to provide cheap, hassle-free loans to micro businesses (MBs) owned by the poor and vulnerable. Based on UMi's loan disbursement, the number of participating non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), the number of borrowers and its impact on the borrowers' business performance, this paper shows that the programme has so far been significantly promising in supporting the development of MBs. This study not only highlights the ways in which UMi has addressed various problems that MBs face, but also details the scheme's limitations in achieving its large-scale anti-poverty objectives. The results show that UMi's main policy challenges can be overcome by: first, shifting its distribution away from Jakarta and towards the less prosperous provinces of the country; second, improving business facilitation services; and third, complementing the scheme with other non-financial programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air quality in the Maritime Continent, which worsens particularly during peatland fire periods, causes climate and environmental concerns. The occurrence of peatland fire haze has been related to the interannual variations of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, and inter‐seasonal monsoon cycle. However, the factors affecting the region's air quality on subseasonal timescales have not been clearly identified. We investigated the role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), which has a 30–90‐day cycle, in air quality using a long‐term observation data set from Malaysia. The results show that in MJO Phase 3, during which the region is covered by convective clouds, only accounted for 4 ± 2% of high PM10 concentration days (daily average PM10 concentration at site X > average + standard deviation of daily average PM10 concentration at site X) among all active MJO periods. In contrast, the corresponding values were considerably higher in MJO Phases 1 and 5–8. The MJO also modulated CO and ozone concentrations. This study shows that the MJO influences air quality during both fire and non‐fire seasons, demonstrating that variations in wildfire activity are not the only cause of air quality changes. Other factors, such as precipitation, also need to be considered to better understand the relationship between the MJO and air quality. Plain Language Summary: The Maritime continent, which includes Malaysia and Indonesia, have been experiencing air quality issues. For instance, the region has been experiencing prolonged haze during peatland fire events, which typically happens during El Niño years. However, the controlling factors of the air quality in the region has been unclear at the subseasonal time scale. By analyzing a long‐term ground‐based observation dataset, we found that the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the key factor for modulating the concentrations of PM10, CO, and ozone in the region. MJO is likely regulating atmospheric chemistry of the subtropical and tropical Pacific, as the air quality of Middle and South America are also known to be influenced by the process. Key Points: A long‐term air quality (PM10, CO, and ozone) monitoring data set from Malaysia was analyzedThe Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) was found to modulate the air quality of the region on subseasonal timescalesThe magnitude of the variations induced by the MJO was comparable to that caused by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The spread of several types of diseases, including COVID-19, is influenced by location or spatial factor. The purpose of this research was to examine the spatial relationship among the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Secondary data is used from the Indonesian Ministry of Health website. The data analyzed was the cumulative number of positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia until October 19[sup th], 2020. Spatial Autocorrelation, Moran's Index, and Local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were used to examine these relationships. Geoda software was used in performing spatial statistical analysis. The spread of the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia is spatially related, with a Moran's Index value of 0.251. Four provinces have significant LISA scores, namely South Sumatra, Banten, West Java, and South Sulawesi. South Sumatera is relatively safe since it is located in the an area with relatively low COVID-19 cases. West Java is perilouse with high COVID-19 cases and surrounded by an area with a high number of cases. Banten needs to be vigilant of the high number of cases' possibility since the surrounded area can be the main influence. South Sulawesi has a very high number of COVID-19 cases, which can be the new source of infection for the surrounding areas. The Indonesian government needs to act on a regulation in order to decrease COVID-19 distribution by limiting people's commute between provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify the relationships among self-efficacy, health literacy, self-care and glycemic control in older people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Design/methodology/approach: This study was a descriptive analytics correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling method was purposive sampling involving 68 older people with type 2 DM. Findings: The results showed that self-efficacy, health literacy and self-care correlated with glycemic control at significant levels of p = 0.020, p = 0.002 and p = 0.022, respectively. Practical implications: Nurses should help older people with type 2 DM in maintaining their self-efficacy and self-care and increasing their health literacy to ensure their glycemic control is in normal state. Originality/value: This study showed that self-care, self-efficacy and health literacy had a significant correlation with glycemic control in older people with type 2 DM. It indicates that the better self-care, self-efficacy and health literacy of patients, the more likely the patients' blood HbA1C level to be in the normal range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of central obesity has been increasing rapidly in recent decades. Central obesity, measured by waist circumference, is the most dangerous type of obesity since it is closely related to chronic diseases, metabolic complications, and high COVID-19 infection rates. The objective of this study was to identify the dominant factor of central obesity among the adult population. The study used secondary data from a 2017 cross-sectional study conducted at Bojong Gede Public Health Center, Bogor Regency, Indonesia. A total of 85 men and women aged 25–64 years old were selected through purposive sampling and included in the analysis. The association between risk factors and central obesity were measured through chi-square bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression multivariate analysis using IBM SPSS application version 22. The prevalence of central obesity was 70.6%. The results showed that sex (women), total blood cholesterol level (hypercholesterolemia), energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake (>110%personal nutritional needs) were significantly associated with central obesity (p-value < 0.05). Hypercholesterolemia was the most dominant risk factor for central obesity (p-value = 0.032; OR = 4.21; 95%CI = 1.131–15.667) adjusted for confounders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background and Aim: Campylobacter species have been recognized as the most frequently identified bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis. The aims of this study were to identify Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species isolated from chicken meat and to analyze the differences in the melting curve patterns of both species. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 chicken meat samples collected from slaughterhouses and retailers in six provinces in Indonesia were examined for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. A total of 56 positive isolates of Campylobacter spp. were analyzed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and high resolution melting method. Results: The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat was found to be 61.9%. Regarding the identification, 23 isolates (41.07%) were C. jejuni, 22 (39.29%) were C. coli, six (10.71%) were a mix between C. jejuni and C. coli, and five isolates (8.93%) were Campylobacter spp. All the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates produced varied melting curve patterns. Conclusion: The high prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken meat in Indonesia indicates a high risk of the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical extraction of impacted third (odontectomy) may cause complications such as pain, swelling and trismus. Thereby affecting the quality of life of patients. Acupuncture has proven beneficial for the management of dental pain postsurgery in patients with impacted third molars. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of electroacupuncture and medications after surgical extraction of impacted third molar. A total of 44 patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction were randomly divided into two groups (n = 22 each) based on the type of treatment: experimental (electroacupuncture and medications) and control (sham electroacupuncture and medications). The experimental group received low intensity stimulations on points ST6 and ST7 on the side to be operated, and LI4 and LR3 bilaterally, for 20 minutes at a frequency of 3/15 Hz. In the control group, electroacupuncture was performed by placing the needles on the tape at the same points without penetrating the skin or turning the electrostimulator. Mefenamic acid (3 x 500 mg) and amoxicillin (3 x 500 mg) were provided to the patient after surgery. The pain-free time interval was assessed shortly after surgery. Assessment of visual analog scale (VAS) score was performed on days 1, 3, and 7 postsurgery while an interincisal-distance assessment was performed on days 3 and 7 post-surgery. Significant differences in the pain-free time interval, VAS score, and interincisal-distance were noted in the treatment group when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia contains large areas of peatland that have been drained and cleared of natural vegetation, making them susceptible to burning. Peat fires emit considerable amounts of carbon dioxide, particulate matter (PM) and other trace gases, contributing to climate change and causing regional air pollution. However, emissions from peat fires are uncertain, due to uncertainties in emission factors and fuel consumption. We used the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry and measurements of PM concentrations to constrain PM emissions from Indonesian fires during 2015, one of the largest fire seasons in recent decades. We estimate primary PM 2.5 (particles with diameters less than 2.5 µ m) emissions from fires across Sumatra and Borneo during September–October 2015 were 7.33 Tg, a factor 3.5 greater than those in the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINNv1.5), which does not include peat burning. We estimate similar dry fuel consumption and CO2 emissions to those in the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4s, including small fires) but PM 2.5 emissions that are a factor of 1.8 greater, due to updated PM 2.5 emission factors for Indonesian peat. Fires were responsible for an additional 3.12 Tg of secondary organic aerosol formation. Through comparing simulated and measured PM concentrations, our work provides independent support of these updated emission factors. We estimate peat burning contributed 71 % of total primary PM 2.5 emissions from fires in Indonesia during September–October 2015. We show that using satellite-retrieved soil moisture to modify the assumed depth of peat burn improves the simulation of PM, increasing the correlation between simulated and observed PM from 0.48 to 0.56. Overall, our work suggests that peat fires in Indonesia produce substantially greater PM emissions than estimated in current emission inventories, with implications for the predicted air quality impacts of peat burning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mercury-containing tailing waste from public gold mines in Indonesia is generally deposited on soil without treatment. This research aimed at determining the amount and composition of mercury species in the tailing, and testing the effect of sulfur and sulfide on mercury stabilization. Samples were collected from a tailing pile at different depths in a public gold mine in Kulon Progo, Indonesia. The samples were characterized according to the mercury concentrations and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. Mercury speciation was carried out using nitrogen gas flow into tailing samples, which were placed in three test tubes. The released mercuric species was entrapped in KCl and KMnO4 solutions. The mercury stabilization was carried out using sulfur and sodium sulfide. TCLP test was performed to the stabilization products. The mercury concentrations were measured using a mercury analyzer. The results showed that the mercury in the tailings were dominated by elemental Hgo, the concentrations of which in the tailing piles of 30, 60, and 90 cm depths were 74.7%, 71.6%, and 76.5% respectively. Those of ionic Hg2+ form were 25.3%, 28.4%, and 23.5%, respectively. Additions of sulfur powder and sodium sulfide solution produced stable black-colored mercury sulfide. When compared to sulfide, sulfur was more recommended for stabilizing mercury in the tailing waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive relations are presented for peak ground acceleration and 5% damped response spectral acceleration at frequencies of 1, 2 and 5 Hz for subduction-zone earthquakes in Java Island. The dataset includes 1825 strong-motion recordings from 152 subduction-zone earthquakes of moment magnitude (M) 4.8-8.6 that occurred between 2008 and 2013. The data include 42 additional events from Sumatra subduction zones. The predictive relations are developed for both interface and in-slab events on rock sites (B and C class) and soil sites (D and E class). These relations are important because Java Island is a seismically active and densely populated region in Indonesia and no region-specific ground-motion relations have been developed yet for the island. The available relations (i.e., Atkinson and Boore in Bull Seismol Soc Am 93:1703-1729, 2003; Youngs et al. in Seismol Res Lett 68(1):58-73, 1997) were found to be unreliable in predicting previously recorded subduction events in Java Island. Thus, we undertook this study to develop ground-motions relations specific to Java Island. Our predictions are generally lower than those predicted by Youngs et al. (Seismol Res Lett 68(1):58-73, 1997) and significantly higher for moderate events than those of Atkinson and Boore (Bull Seismol Soc Am 93:1703-1729, 2003. Predicting ground shaking is a key step in anticipating earthquake effects in the region. The ground-motion predictive relations developed in this study can be used in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment studies in Java Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the multidrug resistance extended spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC (ESBL/AmpC producing) Escherichia coli ( E. coli) isolated from the environment of Bogor slaughterhouse, Indonesia. Methods A total of 35 samples from 7 locations in slaughterhouse i.e. , source of water, slaughtering floor, swab of carcass area floor, swab of evisceration area floor, untreated waste water, treated waste water, drinking water for cattle were collected from March to April 2016. Presence of ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli and susceptibility testing against 8 antimicrobial agents (penicillin G, streptomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and polymyxin B) were detected by disk diffusion test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli were identified in 14.3% (5/35) of the collected samples from the environment of Bogor slaughterhouse. ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates were detected in untreated waste water ( n = 3), slaughtering floor ( n = 1), and carcass area floor ( n = 1). Most of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates (80%) showed multidrug resistance phenotypes against at least three classes of antibiotics. The highest incidence of antibiotics resistance was against penicillin G (100.0%) and streptomycin (100.0%), followed by gentamicin (60.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60.0%), tetracycline (40.0%), ciprofloxacin (40.0%), enrofloxacin (20.0%), and polymyxin B (0.0%). Conclusions The transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria into the environment may be a potential risk for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the first stage of the Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) programme, the guaranteed microcredit programme for supporting the development of SMEs in Indonesia. KUR is a partial credit guarantee programme that helps to fulfil the collateral requirement hindering SMEs from accessing credit. By gaining access to credit, SMEs are expected to develop while also creating employment and generating income for the poor and near poor. Based on KUR's loan disbursement, its number of participating banks, and its number of borrowers, this paper shows that the implementation of the programme attracted millions of SMEs. This paper then highlights the ways in which KUR has or has not addressed market failures in the credit market for SMEs. This paper also shows that KUR's role in accelerating poverty reduction is still questionable as there are many poor households unable to access the programme. Hence, the main policy challenges are: first, improving the design of KUR to reduce information asymmetry; second, ensuring that KUR meets its anti-poverty objectives by reaching the right sectors and the right regions; and third, strengthening the KUR Policy Committee's oversight and ability to coordinate across key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia region which has approximately 83 active volcanoes are a source of wealth of this region. The last five years, active volcanoes in Indonesia, Mount Merapi, Kelud and Sinabung eruption issuing experiencing the abundant material. A volcanic ash from the eruption of volcanic material can be used as soil stabilization. Volcanic ash is a pozzolanic material which can be used as a soil stabilizing agent. However, it should be done the first step characterization testing of chemical properties, mineralogy and morphology volcanic ash from different sources. Accordingly, this paper presents results of a test chemical characteristics, mineralogy and morphology of volcanic ash in Indonesia derived from the Mount Merapi, mount Sinabung and mount Kelud using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Based on specific gravity test results on some volcanic ash in Indonesia, it can be classified in light material category. Merapi, kelud and Sinabung volcanic ash has a different shape morphology. Merapi is a form of fibrous glass particles Contain elongated vesicles. While, the texture Sinabung is a berry-like glass particles show angular blocky forms and texture kelud are sponge like glass. The SEM-EDS test obtained Si content of the three types of volcanic ash ranges 45-60% and elements of Al ranges 14-20%. This can be a reference for further research on the utilization of materials of volcanic ash as a pozzolanic material in soil stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we quantified carbonaceous PM2.5 in Malaysia through annual observations of PM2.5, focusing on organic compounds derived from biomass burning. We determined organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon and concentrations of solvent-extractable organic compounds (biomarkers derived from biomass burning sources and n-alkanes). We observed seasonal variations in the concentrations of pyrolyzed OC (OP), levoglucosan (LG), mannosan (MN), galactosan, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid (VA) and cholesterol. The average concentrations of OP, LG, MN, galactosan, VA and cholesterol were higher during the southwestern monsoon season (June-September) than during the northeastern monsoon season (December-March), and these differences were statistically significant. Conversely, the syringaldehyde concentration during the southwestern monsoon season was lower. The PM2.5 OP = OC4 mass ratio allowed distinguishing the seven samples, which have been affected by the Indonesian peatland fires (IPFs). In addition, we observed significant differences in the concentrations between the Indonesian peatland fire (IPF) and other samples of many chemical species. Thus, the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Malaysia appeared to be significantly influenced by IPFs during the southwestern monsoon season. Furthermore, we evaluated two indicators, the vanillic acid = syringic acid (VA= SA) and LG =MN mass ratios, which have been suggested as indicators of IPFs. The LG =MN mass ratio ranged from 14 to 22 in the IPF samples and from 11 to 31 in the other samples. Thus, the respective variation ranges partially overlapped. Consequently, this ratio did not satisfactorily reflect the effects of IPFs in Malaysia. In contrast, the VA= SA mass ratio may serve as a good indicator, since it significantly differed between the IPF and other samples. However, the OP = OC4 mass ratio provided more remarkable differences than the VA= SA mass ratio, offering an even better indicator. Finally, we extracted biomass burning emissions' sources such as IPF, softwood/hardwood burning and meat cooking through varimax-rotated principal component analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Java region is one of the most seismically active regions in Indonesia. Each year, the region experiences an average of more than 20 medium-to-large magnitude earthquakes. Hence, reliable hazard analysis is necessary for the region, and we undertook this study in order to conduct a probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis to estimate and map peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral response at 0.2 and 1 s periods, with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years corresponding to the return period of 475 years. Maps presented in this study are intended for regional purposes only and may be useful for emergency response planning and urban development. The database used in this study is compiled from the Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. The compiled catalog covers an area between latitude 5°-12° S and longitude 105°-115° E and includes moment magnitude 5 and greater from 1900 to February 2011. We used a standard logic-tree approach that included systematic allowances for various seismicity models. Because a region-specific empirical ground-motion model is lacking, we used Next Generation Attenuation ground-motion relations. We calculated PGA and spectral response at 0.2 and 1 s periods for all cities across Central Java. We found that the city of Pati is subject to the highest seismic hazard with a PGA of 0.45g, and the city of Kendal has the lowest hazard with a PGA of 0.13g. This study provides a basis upon which to design maps for building codes and emergency planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on local firms' productivity in Indonesia. We found evidence of increased local firms' productivity associated with the presence of FDI. Our estimate shows that intra-industry and forward linkage mechanisms have a positive effect on local firms' productivity. This suggests that FDI may have stimulated emulation in the domestic firms through demonstration effect and inter-firm worker mobility within the same type of industry, which will in turn result in an improvement of the productivity of the domestic firms. However, despite those positive effects, we argue that Indonesia has not been successful in maximizing the benefits from the presence of FDI. In particular, FDI does not contribute to the development of local supporting industries as it failed to promote backward linkage spillover. For this reason, Indonesia needs to provide the right incentives to encourage FDl for the development of domestic supporting industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]