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Nonetheless, the photovoltaic (PV) system's reliability performance remains a major challenge. The factors that affect the reliability of a PV system include the location of the plant, its environmental conditions, and the type of equipment that it uses. Researchers noted that the performance of a PV inverter is dependent on the environment variations like mission profile. Hence to understand the impact of environmental conditions on the system's performance, mission profile analysis is required. The objective of this study is to perform reliability oriented lifetime assessment of a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHMI) considering the mission profile to account for the factors that affect its performance. CHMI consists of a large number of switches and DC-link capacitors which increases the probability of failure. So, a lifetime assessment of CHMI is required. A test case of 3 kW 1-phase CHMI based PV system is considered and modelled in PLECS. To determine the effect of the installation site on the lifetime of the cascaded H-bridge multilevel PV inverter (MLPVI), real-time mission profiles for one-year recorded in South India and Denmark are considered. With this mission profile from installation locations, system-level reliability assessment of MLPVI is carried out based on the loss model and thermal model of the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and DC-link capacitors. The results reveal that environmental conditions have a considerable impact on the reliability performance of PV inverter. • System-level reliability assessment of cascaded H-bridge multilevel PV inverter considering mission profile • The reliability assessment is carried out based on the loss model and thermal model of the IGBTs and DC-link capacitors. • The system-level reliability of the PV inverter has been strongly influenced by the mission profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine senior leadership behaviors across samples of Chinese, Indian, and Western chief executive officers (CEOs). Design/methodology/approach – In this exploratory study, 101 CEOs from three different business contexts were interviewed to understand the leadership demands of widely different business and cultural contexts and the competencies associated with effective performance. The specific situations addressed by leaders were identified. Findings – The authors found some common characteristics of outstanding CEOs across contexts, such as results orientation/achievement drive and forward thinking. There are also distinctive competencies manifested in the three cultures. While Indian CEOs are more likely to display consideration of the welfare of their nation in business decisions, Chinese CEOs uniquely influence for mutual benefit as well as criticizing themselves. Western CEOs, use interpersonal understanding and talent management. Research limitations/implications – Although the competencies observed are linked to performance by comparisons within each group of outstanding leaders, the authors were unable to obtain contrast groups of more typical leaders in India or China. The Western group was less rigorously defined, perhaps accounting for the less focused nature of their competencies and situations. This study nevertheless suggests that the cultural context is an important variable in leadership. Practical implications – Leaders may use the paper's insights to suggest how they might expand their own repertoires, either in their own context or in dealing with organizations from other cultures. Originality/value – This study contributes to the understanding of cross-cultural management by identifying competencies that are unique to particular business contexts, as well as some that are common to the role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]