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Purpose: University-industry collaboration studies have placed greater emphasis on intrinsic motivators that drive academic researchers to pursue collaboration. This paper explores the relationship between spiritual motivation and collaboration intentions mediated the antecedents of university-level collaboration through theories of self-determination and planned behaviour. This study was conducted to validate the proposed relationship between spirituality and academic researchers in the field of engineering affiliated with higher educational institutions in India. Design/methodology/approach: This study surveyed 242 participants and utilised structural equation modelling. Research has found that the beneficial relationship between spiritual motivation and collaboration intentions is mediated by attitudes and perceived behavioural control. This study represents a quantitative investigation within the realm of university-industry collaboration, which aims to document the ways in which spiritual motivation can augment collaboration with industry. The study employs self-determination theory and the theory of planned behaviour to elucidate the underlying mechanism to support entrepreneurial debate. Findings: This study identified attitude and perceived behavioural control as mediators in the relationship between spiritual motivation and collaboration intentions. Originality/value: The results of this study provide additional support for existing theories and present a diverse perspective on the intrinsic motivation of academic researchers to adopt UIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the self-determination theory of motivation to examine the impact of tourists' motivations on their intention to attend mega sporting events held in a developing nation such as India. The present study utilized partial least square-based structural equation modeling to examine the proposed hypotheses. The data for this study were collected from a sample of 348 international visitors who visited India in January 2023 to attend the fifteenth edition of the Hockey World Cup. The results of this study have validated that the two elements of extrinsic motivation, specifically perceived benefit and perceived risk, exert a substantial influence on visitors' propensity to visit India. Similarly, the intrinsic travel motivation elements of cultural experience and self-accomplishment are found to positively influence the visit intention of international tourists seeking to partake in the Hockey World Cup in India. On the other hand, the cosmopolitanism dimension of intrinsic drive does not have a statistically significant impact on the intention of these tourists to visit India. This study additionally verified that the perception of a country strongly influences the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors and the tourist's intention to visit India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The researchers aim to investigate the role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in facilitating intrinsic motivation and goal-commitment among employees at the workplace, affecting outcome variables, namely, in-role and extra-role job performance. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 640 employees working in the information technology sector of India. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings: Analysis revealed a significant positive impact of PsyCap on the two behavioral facets of job performance. Intrinsic motivation and goal-commitment were found mediating the influence of PsyCap on the two facets of job performance. Practical implications: The information technology sector is characterised by continuous change. It requires voluntary prosocial behavior from employees, where the employees are expected to display multifaceted job performance behaviors, where they go beyond their job duties to cater for the dynamics of the IT sector. The present study provides means by which intrinsic motivated and goal-committed behavior are facilitated for both the in-role and extra-role job performance. Originality/value: The present study is among the few preliminary studies that have provided evidence that intrinsic motivation and goal-commitment are the two variables which aid PsyCap in predicting both the prescribed and voluntary job performance behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovations in the formal sector are by and large motivated by extrinsic rewards. However, such motives are not explored much in the informal sector innovations. Using effectance motivation theories, some previous research on grassroot innovators in India has found that much of these innovations are initially driven by 'intrinsic motivations', while the motivations shift to extrinsic factors during the innovation process. Thus, the primary objective of the paper is to understand the nature and determinants of grassroot innovators' motivations and their shifts, using econometric modelling. This research is exploratory in nature and based on primary data. It first identifies a set of socio-economic, demographic and psychological factors, which drive grassroot innovations in India. Furthermore, it explores how these factors explain the shifts in motivations from 'intrinsic' to 'extrinsic' in the course of the innovation process. The empirical results show that the socio-economic factors of innovators affect the grassroots innovation process significantly. Their effect on motivation varies at different stages of innovation. To the extent, roughly speaking, 'intrinsic' and 'extrinsic' motivations draw parallel with 'pro-social' and 'pro-market' motivations, respectively. These results may contribute to the growing body of policy research on the informal sector innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of self-initiated professional expatriates about their subjective/intangible and objective/tangible successes in both home and host countries. Design/methodology/approach: This is an empirical study using a survey methodology that included a sample of 211 (Male = 120 and Female = 91) employed professionals from India. Structural equation modeling, ANOVA and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: This study is unique in examining a sample from a homogeneous population from one country with one segment deciding to be SIEs while the other segment decided to return to their home country. The application of personal initiative (PI) theory and the theory of intrinsic motivation to SIEs is also relatively new. The focus on female professional SIEs from an emerging market to an advanced economy adds value to this study. The results have implications for employers and policy makers as well as US universities. Originality/value: This study is unique in examining a sample from a homogenous population from one country with one segment deciding to be SIEs while the other segment deciding to return to their home country. The application of personal initiative (PI) theory to SIEs is also relatively new. The focus on female professional SIEs from an emerging market to an advanced economy adds value to this study. The results have implications for employers and policy makers as well as to US universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the lens of spiritual leadership and self-determination theories, the current study tested a mediation model that examined the direct and indirect effects of spiritual leadership on work-unit productivity through work-based basic psychological needs (need of autonomy, need of competence, and need of relatedness). Work-based basic psychological needs (WBBPNs) were used as the mediating variables in the study. The data was collected from 317 full-time employees serving in India's service sector and analyzed through AMOS's structural equation modeling. The results revealed that spiritual leadership was a significant predictor of work-unit productivity while work-based basic psychological needs served as partial mediators. The current research added to the literature on spiritual leadership and identified it as a source of intrinsic motivation for the employees. The unique finding of this study enriches the literature on spiritual leadership theory, self-determination theory, work-based basic psychological needs, and work-unit productivity. This study also provided the importance of adopting spiritual leadership in the organization and highlighted the managerial benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer-to-Peer accommodation (P2PA) has drastically transformed the traditional form of tourism and has become a worldwide phenomenon. There are few studies that have investigated the determinants of participation in peer-based accommodation from the residents' perspective. This study fills this gap by identifying the factors that influence residents' intention to become P2PA hosts based on Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) theory. Adopting a quantitative approach, a pan-India survey was conducted to collect 230 valid responses. For analysis, both convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs using PLS-SEM was examined, along with the reliability of all the measurement scales. Empirical evidence validates that extrinsic motivation (economic benefits) does not have a direct impact whereas intrinsic motivation (social relationships); opportunity, ability, and trust have a significant impact on residents' intentions to host. Finally, the paper recommends strategies for the policymakers and platform service providers to encourage residents to take up hosting to foster sustainable consumption and build relationships with tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research develops and tests a model for organizational identification (OID) in a sample of knowledge workers in India. It calls attention to the relational antecedents of OID that are often overlooked in existing literature. Strong theoretical arguments are also built for context-specific outcome behaviors such as intrinsic motivation (IM) and innovative work behavior (IWB) that are relevant to knowledge work. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 357 IT industry employees in India. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses and the path model. Findings: Strong support was found for relational antecedents of OID and the outcome variable IWB. The findings indicated that OID impacts IWB through the mediating mechanism of IM. Overall, the model demonstrated strong predictive power. Practical implications: The findings suggest that social and relational variables could be strong managerial levers to increase the feeling of belongingness experienced by knowledge workers in India. In turn, OID can impact IWB, which is a significant outcome for knowledge work. Originality/value: The study finds strong support for hypothesized relationships that have been unexplored or underexplored in mainstream OID literature. Relational antecedents were found to be strong predictors of OID in this sample. Also, the relationship between OID and IWB, an outcome behavior that is specifically relevant to knowledge-driven businesses, has not been explored earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition in governmental approach towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) from voluntary to mandatory has received much attention in the recent literature, mainly because the delegation of its role in social development has rarely been provided. In this context, the questions we raise are: Does mandatory CSR leads to higher expenditure? How does it affect business leaders' intrinsic motivation to spend on CSR? The case of India's section‐135 of Companies Act, 2013 shows that mandatory CSR has made companies more responsible by raising the level of CSR expenditure and positively affecting business leaders' intrinsic motivation to incur CSR expenditure. However, this gain has come at a cost as CSR expenditure has become more sensitive to profit, which is undesirable from society's perspective. The study uses instrumental theory and motivation‐crowding theory to explain the CSR behavior of NIFTY 100 companies from financial year 2009–2010 to 2018–2019. Overall, results of the present study suggest that government should prefer the approach of mandatory CSR with some precautions to instrumentalize the rising success of corporate sector for addressing the environmental and social issues in country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research seeks to establish the roles of marketer-driven relationship-building strategies – relationship-marketing orientation and knowledge sharing with customers on intrinsic customer motivation and the continued usage of mobile banking apps. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey was conducted among 342 m-banking users in India. Data were analyzed and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Findings: Relationship-marketing orientation was found to have a positive and significant influence on customer intrinsic motivation and knowledge sharing with customers. Customer intrinsic motivation was found to play a dual role as a driver of continued mobile banking usage and as an intervening mechanism between relationship-marketing orientation and continued usage of mobile banking. Research limitations/implications: This research was conducted only in one country. It was therefore not possible to consider varying regulations across markets and their effects on continued usage of mobile banking. Originality/value: First time in the m-banking literature, this research establishes the pivotal role of intrinsic customer motivation in the continued usage of mobile banking. While evaluating drivers of continued usage of m-banking, most studies considered various aspects of the technology itself. This research instead evaluates consumer-centric and marketer-led antecedents in driving the continued usage of mobile banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present examination aims to comprehend the connection between the large five elements of personality and scholastic motivation. Likewise, the accompanying variables are mulled over; sex, age and type of instructive investigations. This examination explores the effect of understudies' motivation and personality attributes on their scholastic presentation in on the web and mixed learning conditions. It was led with understudies going to a required introductory data technology course given in a college in India. Results indicated that scruples anticipated both of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, however receptiveness to experience anticipated just intrinsic motivation. Besides, true to form, scholastic motivation mediated the connection between receptiveness to experience and reliability with scholarly execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion is a powerful force that holds a special and pertinent place in the lives of those who adhere to it. A myriad of studies have indicated the positive and favourable outcomes associated with religious participation and involvement. The present study was formulated to unravel the relationship of Religious Orientation with Selfefficacy within the Indian context. It was further aimed to determine the dominant religious orientation within the sample. The present study adopted a correlational, cross-sectional research design. The desired sample of 108 young adults falling in the age bracket of 21-25 years in India was obtained by employing convenience sampling. Allport and Ross's Religious Orientation Scale was employed to determine participant's approach to religion, in addition Schwarzer and Jerusalem's General Self-efficacy Scale was also used for data collection. The paired t-test indicated extrinsic religious orientation as dominant within the sample (p < .001). Moreover, no significant correlation was found between religious orientation and self-efficacy. These findings are somewhat consistent with the previous literature and further support the notion that intrinsic orientation is a healthier and mature approach to religion in comparison to extrinsic orientation. It can thus be implied that the sample might have a higher likelihood of developing any psychopathological state due to its extrinsic religious orientation if coupled with other circumstances. The findings can be further used to design interventions which focus on imbibing religion as selfreliant on its own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group‐based micro‐credit initiatives, as part of the broader social and solidarity‐based finance initiatives, have gained prominence over the past decade, especially in developing economies like India. Lending to the poor, especially women, through micro‐credit groups, are significantly associated with the utilization of commons. Apart from their financial operations, self‐help groups promote social empowerment activities and collective action following a dual bottom‐line approach. However, the causal role of the group's motivation towards pursuing social objectives has not been explored in the past. The present study, therefore, investigates the interlinkages between the group's intrinsic motivation and efficiency using an innovative two‐stage double bootstrapped DEA‐based methodology. Results from the study affirm that apart from traditional factors like maturity, accessibility and group management, the motivation of the group is a crucial determinant of social efficiency. Additionally, the group's loan‐to‐savings ratio and receipt of cash payments significantly affect its long‐term financial sustainability. Micro‐credit groups cannot contribute sustainably as a viable alternative to traditional means of access to credit if it merely offers innovative forms of financing and consumption. They need to be socially aligned to serve the community better and contribute to the group's overall performance and galvanize community‐based resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The growing recognition of the role of teacher innovative behavior in educational improvement has led to more systematic assessment of teacher-driven innovations, usually through expert panels. Innovative peer-teachers may be more closely aligned with the correlates of teacher innovative behavior than experts, and hence their participation in such panels might make the process more robust. Hence, the authors ask, "Do expert and peer assessments relate to individual-related correlates of innovative teacher behavior differently?" Design/methodology/approach: Innovations of 347 teachers in India were assessed by an expert panel and a peer-teacher panel using the consensual technique of rating innovations. Structural equation modeling was used to study the relationships of the ratings with the innovative teachers' self-reported creative self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, learning orientation and proactive personality. Findings: Expert ratings were significantly related to creative self-efficacy beliefs (β = 0.53, p < 0.05), whereas peer ratings were not. Peer ratings were significantly related to learning orientation (β = 0.19, p < 0.05), whereas expert ratings were not. Also, expert ratings were found to be indirectly associated with teachers' proactive personality and intrinsic motivation via creative self-efficacy beliefs; peer ratings were not associated with proactive personality. Originality/value: The paper, through a robust methodology that relates expert and peer assessments with individual-related correlates of innovative behavior, makes a case for educational innovation managers to consider mixed panels of experts and innovative teacher-peers to make the assessment process more robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Integrating the behavioral theory of leadership, the componential theory of creativity and the self-determination theory (SDT), the study tests the relationships between leadership, work motivation (intrinsic motivation, integrated extrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation) and employee-level innovation (innovative work behavior and innovation outcomes) in a work setting. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected using a survey questionnaire from 493 scientists working in India's largest civilian research and development (R&D) organization. The structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to test the hypothesized relationships between the study variables. Findings: The study found evidence for positive relationships between leadership, employee autonomous motivation (intrinsic and integrated extrinsic motivation) and employee-level innovation. The study shows that extrinsic motivation is positively related to innovation only when the value of rewards is integrated to one's sense of self (integrated extrinsic motivation). Extrinsic motivation, otherwise, is not related to innovation. Research limitations: The study was cross-sectional, so inferences about causality are limited. Practical implications: First, while extrinsic motivation is considered bad for innovation, the study provides evidence that integrated extrinsic motivation complements intrinsic motivation and encourages employee-level innovation. Second, the study shows that leaders can aid the process of development of autonomous motivation by displaying positive behaviors. Third, the study validates the mediating role of autonomous motivation for the leadership–innovation relationship. Originality/value: The study provides an insight into the underlying process through which leaders can impact innovation at the workplace. To the best of the author's knowledge, such a study is the first of its kind undertaken in an organizational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While literature cites several distinct studies on workforce diversity and employee well-being (EWB), attention to their combined significance has been limited. Extant work highlights cognitive outcomes of diversity, while its impact on affect-related outcomes is underexplored. The purpose of this paper is to examine how employee perceptions of diversity (based on surface and/or knowledge attributes) influence their well-being and how perception of inclusion mediates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 248 full-time employees from large organizations across varied industries in India have participated in this survey-based study. Findings: Structural equation modeling results indicate surface and knowledge diversity to significantly impact EWB. Surface diversity adversely affected well-being, while knowledge diversity had favorable impact. Besides, inclusion was found to be a significant mediator between knowledge diversity and well-being but not between surface diversity and well-being. Research limitations/implications: Present study explores the diversity–well-being link through the lens of perceived inclusion. Future research should consider contextual factors that will influence these relationships. Practical implications: Managerial nudging can enhance employee self-control, intrinsic motivation and well-being. Further, managers should note how knowledge diversity aids in well-being toward constructive cross-functional synergy building. Originality/value: Study conceptualizes diversity from Indian social and employment perspectives, while incorporating inclusion as a contextual factor currently under-researched empirically in the Indian context. Further, the authors contribute to the limited literature on affect-related effects of diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 has gripped India leading to increased screen time and sedentary lifestyle among IT professionals. Online health portals are now platforms to provide a positive autonomy supportive environment for a healthy lifestyle. The current study was conducted to assess the association of perceived competence and perceived autonomy support from online health professionals for self-care behavior of dieting and exercising among IT employees during COVID19. Snowball sampling was used to collect data from 274 IT employees through google forms after assurance of confidentiality and informed consent. Based on responses to standardized questionnaires, strong correlation between health care behaviors, perceived competence, and perceived autonomy support of health care professionals and significant group differences in gender were found. Perceived self-competence and autonomy support of health care professionals has a significant positive impact on self-regulated health care behavior of dieting and exercising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate how Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) enforce Code of Conduct (CoC) policies, as well as how they affect suppliers' motivation to engage them in managing CoC compliance mechanisms of monitoring, enforcement and transparency in the Indian apparel industry. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey was conducted using face-to-face surveys. Overall, 210 usable data points were collected and analyzed by use of structural equation modeling. Findings: Study findings highlighted that hard power strategies currently used by MNEs in the apparel Indian market were primarily coercive in nature. A clear power imbalance between MNEs and suppliers from India was evident. Results suggested that when MNEs attempted to use their powerful position to advance compliance goals, higher level of CoC monitoring was required and suppliers were only extrinsically motivated. Lack of intrinsic motivation in suppliers' resulted in under-developed suppliers' transparency mechanisms. Therefore, findings suggested that MNEs should use hard powers consciously considering the long-term and unintended consequences. Originality/value: The paper proposes a buyer-supplier power-motivation interaction model that clarifies what MNEs can do to motivate apparel suppliers to implement CoCs successfully in the apparel supply chain. This relationship has not previously been empirically tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community health workers (CHWs) play major roles in delivering primary healthcare services, linking communities to the formal health system and addressing the social determinants of health. Available evidence suggests that the performance of CHW programmes in low- and middle-income countries can be influenced by context-dependent causal mechanisms such as motivation to perform. There are gaps regarding what these mechanisms are, and what their contribution is to CHW performance. We used a theory-driven case study to characterize motivational mechanisms among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in Bihar, India. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with CHWs and focus group discussions with beneficiary women. Data were coded using a combined deductive and inductive approach. We found that ASHAs were motivated by a sense of autonomy and self-empowerment; a sense of competence, connection and community service; satisfaction of basic financial needs; social recognition; and feedback and answerability. Findings highlight the potential of ASHAs' intrinsic motivation to increase their commitment to communities and identification with the health system and of programme implementation and management challenges as sources of work dissatisfaction. Efforts to nurture and sustain ASHAs' intrinsic motivation while addressing these challenges are necessary for improving the performance of Bihar's ASHA programme. Further research is needed to characterize the dynamic interactions between ASHAs' motivation, commitment, job satisfaction and overall performance; also, to understand how work motivation is sustained or lost through time. This can inform policy and managerial reforms to improve ASHA programme's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to test the impact of intrinsic motivation on academic performance (API Score) of management teachers with special reference to Dr. A P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. Respondents were drawn from different management institutions of NCR affiliated to Dr. A P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. A questionnaire was distributed to 300 teachers and data collected for analysis. Total 20 questionnaires were rejected due to incomplete information and analysis was performed on 280 respondents. The findings suggest that the intrinsic motivation factors of management teachers affect their academic performance (API Score) significantly. The two most important limitations, which are discussed in more detail at the end of the paper, are the micro cultural dissimilarities and the reliance on selfreported questionnaire data The results support the view that intrinsic factors of individuals are major indicator of their academic performance. Despite the importance of motivation among teachers, there is little empirical research on intrinsic motivation of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Recent decades have seen growing emphasis on enhancing public participation and accountability in governance processes. Yet the valence of these discussions has focused almost entirely on the character of citizen engagement itself, with little attention to the ways in which citizens’ agency is constituted in relation to changing forms of public authority. In this paper, I advance a theoretical account of political representation, a concept that is central to analysis of democracy, but which has seen only limited attention in the scholarship on democratic decentralization. I draw on two contrasting models—selection and sanction—to elaborate an understanding of representation that recognizes both mechanisms that enable citizens to hold their leaders to account as well as the character of leaders’ own intrinsic motivations. Through a qualitative account of three decades’ political change from a locality in the Indian Himalayas, I document a gradual process of institutional and social change that has enabled a new generation of more diverse elected leaders to ascend to positions of elected authority, including many from historically marginalized sections of society. By examining the experiences of three such individuals in detail, I demonstrate the importance of understanding who leaders are and what they do—their skills and aspirations, their identity and affiliations, and the kinds of representative relationships that they embody. Placing the selection and sanction models in dialog reveals new and productive avenues to explore the interplay between external incentive structures and leaders’ intrinsic motivations in shaping broader process of political change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationships between academic motivation—intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation—and mathematics achievement among 363 Indian adolescents in India and 355 Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation were not statistically significantly related to mathematics achievement among Indian adolescents in India. In contrast, both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation were statistically significantly related to mathematics achievement among Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada. While intrinsic motivation was a statistically significant positive predictor of mathematics achievement among Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada, extrinsic motivation was a statistically significant negative predictor of mathematics achievement among Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada. Amotivation was not statistically significantly related to mathematics achievement among Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada. Implications of the findings for pedagogy and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the mediational role of academic motivation in the association between school self-concept and school achievement among 355 Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada and 363 Indian adolescents in India. Surveys were administered among Grades 9-12 students in Canada and India to assess their academic self-concepts, academic motivation, and academic achievement. Bootstrapped tests of simultaneous multiple indirect effects were conducted to determine the unique ability of each putative mediator-intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation-to account for the effect of school self-concept on overall school GPA for Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada and Indian adolescents in India. Mediational analyses revealed the mediational roles of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the association between school self-concept and school achievement for Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada, while intrinsic motivation solely mediated the relations between school self-concept and school achievement for Indian adolescents in India. Amotivation was not a significant mediator for both the Indian immigrant and Indian adolescents. Implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the level of academic (intrinsic and extrinsic) motivation and locus of control among engineering students of Salem. It also aimed to find the relationship between academic motivation and locus of control and the gender difference in the two variables. The tools used were Academic motivation scale AMS-C28 (1992) and Rotter's locus of control scale(1966). The randomly selected sample constituted of 470 first year engineering students among which 292 were male and 178 were female. The collected data was analyzed using correlation and ANOVA technique. The results indicated that academic motivation and locus of control had no significant relationship with each other and there was no gender difference in these two variables [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has indicated that Hole In The Wall Education Limited (HiWEL) learning stations provide an opportunity for children to pick up necessary skills to operate a computer and self-instruct themselves to learn new things on their own. This clearly indicates that children in the age range 8 to 14 years using HiWEL learning station are self – regulated learners. The very nature of the learning station encourages children to organize themselves and form groups to use the learning station. As there is no teacher/instructor at these learning stations, children are self – motivated to work at the learning stations. They decide when and how to use the learning station. They use meta-cognitive strategies such as elaboration, rehearsal, etc to work at these stations. The question now is to ascertain whether HiWEL learning station acts as a catalyst in increasing the self-regulatory behavior among HiWEL users. This paper is an attempt to find out whether school-going children who are exposed to the HiWEL learning station are higher on self regulatory behavior as compared to school going children who are not exposed to HiWEL learning station. Though, this study is exploratory and is a smaller part of a larger study, yet the results are very encouraging and point in the direction that HiWEL learning station plays a vital role in enabling children to become self-regulated learners. In this paper, due acknowledgement is given to 'Motivated Strategy Learning Questionnaire' (MSLQ) which has been adapted in the context of HiWEL Learning stations to measure self regulation among children. Interestingly, it also throws light on the fact that some parameters in self –regulatory are more prominent and these parameters are critical to a HiWEL users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships among intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and academic achievement for the Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada in comparison to their counterparts in India. Descriptive discriminant analysis indicated that the Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada had higher intrinsic motivation and academic achievement than their peers in India. By contrast, the Indian adolescents in India had higher extrinsic motivation than their counterparts in Canada. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed the positive predictive effects of intrinsic motivation on academic achievement for both the Indian immigrant and Indian adolescents. While extrinsic motivation had a negative predictive effect on academic achievement for the Indian immigrant adolescents in Canada, it was not a significant predictor of academic achievement for the Indian adolescents in India. Implications of the findings for policy and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the influence of speaking strategies in developing the oral skills of Other Backward Classes (OBC) undergraduate students in the arts and science colleges affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University in Tirunelveli, India. Several factors are said to influence the Spoken English skill, including environmental, sociological, and an intrinsic motivation or interest. The possible methods of improving the spoken English of these students are explored.

Extrinsic motivations like intellectual property protections and fiscal incentives continue to occupy the centre stage in debates on innovation policies. Joseph Schumpeter had, however, argued that the motive to accumulate private property can only explain part of innovative activities. In his view, 'the joy of creating, of getting things done' associated with the behavioural traits that 'seek out difficulties...and takes delight in ventures' stand out as the most independent factor of behaviour in explaining innovation and economic development, especially in early capitalist societies. Taking the case of 'grassroot' innovators in India, we re-examine the motivations behind innovative behaviour. Drawing upon the theory of effectance motivation we construct operational indicators of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to innovate. Interestingly, we find that pure extrinsic forms of motivation drive only a fraction of individual innovative behaviour. A large amount of innovative behaviour is motivated either by intrinsic motivations or by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Also, conceptualising innovation as a three stage process involving idea generation, experimentation and application, we find evidence of motivation- shifts. The importance of intrinsic motivation is comparatively greater during the early stage, when uncertainty about innovation is high. The importance of extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, increases when innovation is complete, awaiting application. We then outline a few implications of these findings for policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A company needs employees working towards its goals for its success. Employees should also have a desire to remain in the company. Such commitment comes from motivation. Motivation has a direct effect on performance. Motivation is of two types—intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes from within and is self-satisfying. External motivators like monetary and nonmonetary rewards cause extrinsic motivation. We used a questionnaire-based survey to examine the intrinsic motivational state of the employees working in companies from the manufacturing sector (both private and public) in India. The respondents of the survey include males and females, married as well as unmarried, in the age group of 20 to 62 years, with varying qualifications. Three intrinsic motivators: perceived competence, perceived autonomy and perceived relatedness were chosen for the study. There are two dimensions of employee performance at the workplace-in role and extra role. In the study, in-role performance has been taken as a measure of overall motivation of employees. Descriptive statistics as well as regression analysis were used to find the effects of intrinsic motivators on the performance of the employees. Our study suggests a strong link between intrinsic motivators and the performance of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper provides insight into the self - regulatory learning strategies adopted by children working at Minimally Invasive Education (MIE) Learning Stations. Previous research has clearly indicated that children in the age groups of 8-14 years learn by themselves in groups and construct their own environment. This learning takes place due to self - motivation, intrinsic goal orientation, rehearsal and elaboration which results in school going children learning computer literacy on their own and doing well in academics or out-of-school children joining formal schooling. The paper describes the process of self-regulatory learners. It has been observed that children, if exposed to a situation where learning is not induced, actively construct their own knowledge and develop critical insights into how they think. These traits of self-regulation allows a child to consciously reflect on what might be the most effective way to master the learning goal and chooses an appropriate strategy to accomplish the goal. MIE captures the curiosity and self-organizing behavioural traits of the children which drives their interest towards further education. Hence, schools are not the only privileged sites of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Internet is an inevitable part and there is increasingly centered effect on the part of Government, Education Ministry to fulfill the special needs of the students. The extent and pattern of usage of the Internet amongst students in Annamalai University is the primary focus of this study. This study investigates the relationship between motivational variables (intrinsic and extrinsic), demographic variable and the Internet usage activities (messaging, downloading, browsing and purchasing). The finding also shows that perceived usefulness is an important driver of Internet usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsustainable food choice and dietary behaviors put pressure on ecosystems and supply chain structures worldwide. Knowledge on the intrinsic values driving food consumption behavior are, therefore, essential in order to foster sustainability on a global, national and community based level. This study aims at exploring the relationship between different food consumption related behaviors and the intrinsic value shaping constructs of spirituality and mindfulness. Online questionnaire data on self-reported dietary behavior, self-reported food choice behavior, spirituality, and mindfulness were drawn from a population subsample in India and the United States of America. Factorial relationships between spirituality and mindfulness traits were explored using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of the derived factor structures on different food choice and dietary behavior variables. The EFA resulted in 4 factors, of which two each frame spirituality and mindfulness. These factors are: (1) supernatural spirituality, (2) natural spirituality, (3) supportive mindset, and (4) scattered mindset. In both country data sets, factors 2 and 3 had significant adverse effects on the consumption of convenience foods and a positive effect on the consumers' dietary awareness. Even though ambiguities exist concerning important dietary sustainability measures, e.g. the consumption of animal-protein based foods, this research reinforces the value of spirituality and spiritual practice measures for sustainability research, especially for consumer sciences. Further elaboration and application of these concepts may proof valuable for various stakeholders involved as they point to a more integral aspect of human psychology and behavior. • Data on mindfulness, spirituality, food choice, and diet were collected among the broader society of India and the USA. • Identification of four factors: supernatural spirituality, natural spirituality, supportive mindset, and scattered mindset. • Natural spirituality and supportive mindset were the major factors influencing different food choice and dietary behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]