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We have systematically investigated the chemical constituents of E. lathyris from Hebei Province. Consequently, a new ingenane-type diterpenoid (1) was isolated, together with 17 known diterpenoids (2–18). The structures of these compounds were established by NMR spectra and comparison with the literature. The anti-HIV activity of ethanol extracts of the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris from different origins was evaluated. The results showed that all the ethanol extracts exhibited significant anti-HIV activity. The anti-HIV activity of the 18 compounds was determined, but all of the compounds were inactive against HIV viral replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is the first study of rhizobia nodulating faba bean in Hebei Province, China. • R. sophorae , R. changzhiense , R. indicum and R. leguminosarum species complex were identified. • R. sophorae was found as the dominant species. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a major introduced grain-legume crop cultivated in China. In this study, rhizobia that nodulated faba bean grown in soils from three sites in North China (Hebei Province) were isolated and characterized. Firstly, isolates were categorized into genotypes by ribosomal IGS PCR-RFLP analysis, then representatives of the different IGS genotypes were further identified by phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA, housekeeping (atpD , recA) and nodulation (nodC) gene sequences. Rhizobial distribution based on the IGS genotype was related to the different soil physicochemical features by redundancy analysis. IGS typing and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and concatenated housekeeping gene sequences affiliated the 103 rhizobial strains isolated into four Rhizobium species/genospecies. A total of 69 strains of 3 IGS types were assigned to R. sophorae , 20 isolates of 5 IGS types to R. changzhiense and 9 isolates of 3 IGS types to R. indicum. The representative strain of the five remaining isolates (1 IGS type) was clearly separated from all Rhizobium type strains and was most closely related to defined genospecies according to the recently described R. leguminosarum species complex. Rhizobium sophorae strains (67% of total isolates) were common in all sites and shared an identical nodC sequence typical of faba bean symbionts belonging to symbiovar viciae. In this first study of rhizobia nodulating faba bean in Hebei Province, China, R. sophorae was found to be the dominant symbiont in contrast to other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]