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The article presents information about a library science project run between 2004 and 2008 in Germany. The project was centered on the digitization of the ancient Roman poem "The Aeneid" in editions published between 1502 and 1840, especially in editions containing at least one illustration of the text.

In this second article about work at a refugee centre for unaccompanied minors in Berlin, the author discusses his encounter with Syrian and Afghani adolescents who were enrolled in the program. Issues around adaptation to a new culture are explored with attention to the dynamics of conformity and marginalization. The questions of what happens to adolescent refugees separated from their families, and how their identity formation is shaped by this burden is explored in relation to the author's meeting with a Syrian adolescent living in Berlin. To illustrate the long reach of a missing father who has been left behind, characters from Virgil's Aeneid are discussed to amplify heroic and spiritual aspects within father-son relationships. The interplay between needing help and allowing for resilience is explored as an important aspect of refugees' transitions, while also considering variables such as dependence and independence, foreign and familiar, being with or without family, and adjusting to the present and/whilst relating to the past; tensions between these alternatives can create various psychosocial challenges for adolescent refugees., (© 2019, The Society of Analytical Psychology.)

This article considers two manuscript lute tablatures—PL-WRk 352 and A-Wn Mus. Hs. 18827, both of which circulated in southern Germany and northern Italy in the 1530s and 40s—from the perspective of their function as performing manuscripts and portable travelling notebooks. The focus is on the transfer of Italian lute practices to the German regions, based on the study of notation. The analysis of prescriptive and descriptive notation, and also of the scribes' manner of working with tablature prints and other manuscripts as models, demonstrates the coherence of print and manuscript culture at the time, as well as a flexible approach to the interaction of improvised playing and detailed notation. This continuity can be shown for the period from about 1500 to the 1540s. The two German manuscripts were based on northern Italian lute practices: not merely in the repertory itself, but also in its treatment and in the manner of recording it in the form of copies or prescriptively notated music entries. These results significantly expand and enrich our ideas about early lute practice in southern German regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the summer of a.d. 122, Hadrian (a.d. 117–38) visited Britain as part of his first major journey. It is broadly accepted that the construction of Hadrian's Wall was inaugurated on this occasion. Following recent advances in Upper Germany where the limes palisade is now known to have been under construction when Hadrian visited the province, this paper re-examines the various strands of evidence for the early chronology of the Wall. It is argued that work started well before a.d. 122 and that it was in fact the 'fort decision' which resulted from the imperial visit. The revised sequence offers a fresh perspective on several classic Wall problems and prepares the ground for a new understanding of unique features like the milecastles and Vallum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bavarian town of Regensburg was a library travel destination during the European Enlightenment. With at least 26 collections, the number and variety of its private, governmental, school, and religious libraries rivaled that of much larger cities and figured in the bibliographic travel accounts of Johann Keyssler, Christoph Nicolai, Carl Oelrichs, Filippo Argellati, Georg Zapf, Friedrich Hirsching, Adalbert Blumenschein, and many others. The firsthand descriptions of these repositories are unique primary sources for the study of library history. Having been accessible to researchers largely in published forms, many were designed to serve as bibliographic aids for informing scholars about the locations of specialized subject collections and some individual works. The journals, letters, guidebooks, and texts also reflected the evolving scholarly and scientific nature of their cultural period. Overall, this case study of Regensburg's libraries illustrates the particular value of contemporary travel literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the early benefit assessment of new drugs in Germany, medical writers are involved in the preparation of dossiers submitted by pharmaceutical companies to the main decision-making body of the German statutory healthcare system, the Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, G-BA). These dossiers are generally assessed by the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, IQWiG). The present article summarises the documents that are publicly available to guide dossier preparation and to ensure transparency. These documents detail the requirements for the structure and content of the dossier, procedures for dossier submission, assessment by IQWiG, and decision-making by the G-BA. Medical writers should adhere closely to the available guidance to help ensure that the submitted dossiers fulfil the formal and content requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Enlightenment witnessed the rise of a public whose role as sovereign arbiter of operatic taste irreversibly changed the processes by which fame and renown were bestowed upon composers. The public sphere – a conceptual space in which texts (including music) were disseminated and debated – emerged as an expansive intellectual forum in which composers, performers and works could be evaluated. In spite of opera's long-standing association with fame and renown, its role in the processes leading to ascriptions of musical value and fame in the Enlightenment public sphere is a significant dimension of canon formation that has yet to be fully investigated. This article offers a case study of Electress Maria Antonia of Saxony (1728–1780), whose mutually beneficial relationship with the Breitkopf firm, coupled with its redesigned ‘movable type’ in 1755, prompted a new mode of opera criticism, one that focused sharply on the music itself. Maria Antonia's Il trionfo della fedeltà (1754) and Talestri (1762) were the first operas to receive reviews featuring in-text musical examples, fuelling the public's quest to monumentalise Maria Antonia as celebrated composer. Ultimately, the inclusion of musical excerpts in opera criticism was an important step toward the construct of the work as separate from individual localised performances. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In adapting Rinuccini’s Dafne, German poet Martin Opitz (1597–1639) sought to establish a degree of cultural independence from his Italian model, both by developing a prosodic approach uniquely fitted to the German language and by subtly imbuing his text with a German moralistic hue. The later adaptation of Opitz’s libretto by two 17th-century Italians—Giovanni Andrea Bontempi and Marco Gioseppe Peranda—for the same Dresden court (though for a different Elector) that witnessed the 1627 premiere of Opitz and Heinrich Schütz’s Dafne thus offers important insights into both the desire for German cultural independence and the power of Italian influence to moderate such a desire. This article attempts to draw out some of the distinctive features of Opitz’s adaptation and then examine what Bontempi and Peranda retained, added and altered with respect to Opitz’s aims. Their opera points to changing tastes at the Dresden court under Johann Georg II, and, as a stylistic hybrid, also stands as an early exemplar of a particular line of development in the broader history of German opera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the memorial practices at the tenth-century Saxon community of canonesses at St. Servatius, Quedlinburg, to consider what is gained-and what lost-in the remembrance of key figures of the Ottonian dynasty. A memorial foundation established by Queen Mathilda of Saxony in honor of her husband, King Henry I, this community provides a particularly effective way to explore the relationship between memory, gender, and power in Ottonian culture, since the architecture, ritual practices, institutional rules, daily and intellectual life of the inmates, and literary works possibly produced by them function together as a complex memorializing machine. Reading this community's contributions to the constitution of dynastic memory through Michel Foucault's notion of power, the essay considers the effects of memorializing practices on women in Saxony at the time, who, I argue, never come to be fully present and therefore leave their successors, women writers to come, a legacy of loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers information on the German nihilism by Leo Strauss. According to the author, the lecture has been divided into three parts such as the ultimate, non-hilistic motive under-lying German nihilism, the situation in which non-hilistic motive led to nihilism and his analysis of Rauschning. He added that Strauss frames the political difference between Germany and Britain in relation to Bergson's distinction between open and closed societies. Furthermore, Strauss continues to blend rhetoric with impressive mastery of colloquial Anglicisms as he points the contrast between English moderation and German radicalism.

The article focuses on the implications of the aborted decision of bringing the German emperor to trial. The trial of Kaiser, charged by the five victor Powers who was to be judged by a Tribunal made up of representatives of the five accusing Powers. It is stated that there was no source of law which considers the actions of the emperor a criminal act. The Article 227 of the treaty contains the confession that there is no norm which states the presumed crime.

In his magisterial Lagrime di San Pietro (1595) Orlando di Lasso composed a cycle of 20 madrigals on texts by Luigi Tansillo on the theme of St Peter's denial of Christ and his subsequent remorse, capped by a Latin motet ('Vide homo') representing the rebuke of the crucified Christ. The Lagrime may be seen as a penitential gesture on Lasso's part, but a textual and musical analysis also suggests numerous parallels with contemporary Catholic spiritual exercises, particularly those of Ignatius of Loyola and Luis of Granada. The cycle thus takes its place in a broader Counter-Reformation discourse of meditation and penance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a speech by Ernest R. House, a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder, delivered at the 2004 European Evaluation Society Conference in Berlin, Germany. He discusses issues concerning democracy and evaluation in Europe and argues the role of evaluation on politics.

The article gives a broad historical overview from the early beginnings of multimodal analysis to currently burning issues and future perspectives in the study of multimodality. In contrast to other publications, the historical beginning of multimodality research is seen with Lessing's Treatise on Laocoon (1766), so what we see today is the revival of a debate that was partly already discussed among the German classicists. A fervently discussed topic today is how modes relate as sub-modes to other modes and within different media. The meaning potential of a mode changes according to the salience of the mode within a semiotic construct as well as through the loss or gain of meta-functional meaning in the technological development of the mass-media. This is exemplified for typography. New topics and trends in current multimodality research are portrayed, and recent findings in a range of studies in applied research fields, such as translation in hospitals, hypertext design, museum design, film sub-titling and comics translation are presented and reviewed. Finally, future perspectives on how to put multimodality research on a more empirical basis, e.g. through multimodal corpus analysis, are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scholarly revival accelerated by the 1965 celebrations commemorating Seneca's death in A.D. 65 was accompanied in Germany by a remarkable surge of literary interest in the Roman philosopher. This article, beginning with a mid-century example, surveys the stages of that interest and analyzes the reasons accounting respectively for each. A postwar generation of Christian humanists in West Germany focused on Seneca as a proto-Christian while a younger generation of Marxist writers in the East saw in him primarily the model for a life of freedom and dignity under tyranny. The most recent generation in a unified Germany shares with Seneca the radical ethical criticism of his society. Günter Grass's novel örtlich betäubt (1969), the most immediate response to the 1965 celebrations and anticipating the stage of ethical criticism, constitutes a shrewd analysis of the responses to Seneca in three generations of West Germans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Carolingian's war history. Carolingian was a Frankish dynasty, founded by Pepin the Short. Paul the Deacon, whose four years in Francia, Spain 782-786, were one of the positive consequences of the Lombard kingdom's annexation, spent his first Christmas there with Charlemagne at Thionville. The next year, however, the king and his armies wintered in Saxony, Germany. Apparently, in a lost letter, Paul was summoned to join him--and declined to go: as a verse reproach composed for the king by some poet who was with him reveals, Paul had declared that the frightfulness of war was not for him, his right hand was effective neither in defence nor attack.

The article focuses on the biography of the King of Franks, Charles the Great Charlemagne. In 1233, a precise, relics and the text of the liturgical office for Charlemagne had been brought from Aachen, Germany. The justification, or perhaps more simply the stepping-off point, for these and related developments is a "descriptio" of the church's possessions compiled probe ably in the disturbed first half of the tenth century: the claim here, which may or may not have been true, is that in part they were gifted to the church in the Emperor Charles's time; and in the middle years of the twelfth century.

Involuntary eye movements at the onset of sleep are mentioned in Virgil's Aeneid (19 BC). "Nystagmus" in relation to states of lowered consciousness was painstakingly catalogued by Sauvages (1768). Sporadic studies of eye behavior during sleep were recorded during the 19th century and were associated with disorders of brainstem physiology, culminating in von Economo's observations during the encephalitis lethargica epidemic of the 1920s.