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Carbonate deposits formed in Roman aqueducts provide a window onto the environment and water management in antiquity. These laminated archives precipitated over a period of decades to centuries and are a potential high-resolution source of unwritten history. However, their use as environmental archives is hampered by local and partial removal during maintenance work in some aqueducts. This apparent problem, however, creates a unique opportunity to study Roman water management. We present the discovery of traces of regular maintenance in carbonate deposits of the Roman aqueduct of Divona (Cahors, France). The main objective of this study is to determine the periodicity of local carbonate removal and repairs in this aqueduct. Traces such as tool marks, calcite deformation twins, debris from cleaning and repairs are attested in the deposits as proof of periodic manual carbonate removal by Roman maintenance teams. The δ18O profile, recording at least 88 years of deposition, shows that maintenance work was done at intervals of 1–5 years. The undisturbed periodicity of the δ18O profile indicates that work was carried out rapidly and never in summer, consonant with the advice of the Roman author Frontinus about maintenance of the aqueducts of the city of Rome. Maintenance intervals lengthened and cleaning became less frequent close to the final years of the aqueduct. This change in maintenance policy gives insight into changing local population and socio-economic dynamics in late antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a queer (re)reading of Jean de Beaubreuil's Roman tragedy Regulus ([1582] 1999). The study begins with an exploration of the author's trip to Rome and his visit with Marc-Antoine Muret, a renowned humanist who fled France in 1554 due to charges of heresy and sodomy. It then reads queerly two key passages from the play to suggest that the tragedy's most strikingly queer elements include the intimate friendship formed between the main dramatis personae (Atilie and Manlie), their ritual of unity before battle that resembles a clandestine marriage ceremony, the mythological and historical references evoked during this ritual, and the replacement of Regulus's legendary wife and children with Manlie. The article concludes with an analysis of the tensions between the hero's public persona (Regulus) and private identity (Atilie), which invites the reader to reconsider the modalities of male–male amity in sixteenth-century France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reconsiders the possible statuary of the Pantheon in Rome, both in its original Augustan form and in its later phases. It argues that the so-called ‘Algiers Relief’ has wrongly been connected with the Temple of Mars Ultor and is in fact evidence of the association of the Divus Julius with Mars and Venus in the Pantheon of Agrippa, a juxtaposition which reflects the direction of Augustan ideology in the 20s b.c. and the building's celestial purpose. This triple statue group became the focus of the later Pantheon, and its importance is highlighted by the hierarchized system of architectural ornament of the present building. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the persecution of Saint Lawrence, archdeacon of the church of Rome, who was martyred in Rome in the year 258. Topics discussed include controversy regarding the persecution of Lawrence by burning him on a grill as ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian, stained glass windows in the cathedral of Bourges, France illustrating Lawrence's death, and references of Lawrence's martyrdom in various works of literature like St. Ambrose of Milan's "De officiis ministrorum."

Père Marie-Benoît was a French Capuchin priest who helped rescue thousands of Jews in Marseille, Nice, and Rome during the Holocaust. Unlike most non-Jewish rescuers, however, he worked regularly with courageous, dynamic Jewish men who became close personal friends. This article examines his cooperation with his first Jewish associate, Joseph Bass, who set up the Service André for Jewish rescue in Marseille. With Bass and his assistants, Père Marie-Benoît hid Jews in small units throughout the region; created networks to supply fugitives with food, documents, money, and moral support; enlisted help from sympathetic local bureaucrats; and avoided dependence on large Jewish assistance organizations. Working together, the Jews and non-Jews were much more effective than either group could have been alone. Père Marie-Benoît later applied these techniques to rescue activities in Rome. This article also examines why Père Marie-Benoît became involved in Jewish rescue in the first place, and shows that his wartime experiences determined his subsequent lifelong dedication to Jewish-Christian reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A history of France from the fall of the Roman Empire to the French Revolution employed population theories of secular cycles, cultural evolution, and collective learning. It is a Big History project supervised by the founder of the discipline, David Christian, and it is written in collaboration with several theorists from the natural sciences. It uses population-thinking to search for broad trends that might explain historical events, the rise and fall of empires, and technological progress. It maps a trajectory of historical processes from the birth of France to the modern age, and takes the controversial step of attempting to predict where that trajectory may be going in the future. This may be of direct use to those who will face population pressure and environmental crises in the later twenty-first century. It challenges many prejudices the historical discipline currently holds against collaboration between the human and natural sciences, and encourages specialists to place their work in a wider context. The history itself is chronological, and follows the periods of rise and decline in France, and explains various phenomena in human development for which there is currently no clear explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A report is offered from a November 24-26, 2011 conference in Regensburg, Germany on urban life in the Middle Ages. Topics of presentations given included the excavation of the extinct city of Miletus, Turkey, the decline of the Roman Empire, and research on the urbanization of Paris, France in the Middle Ages.

The article discusses the representation of power in the 16th century French painting "Les Massacres du Triumvirat/Massacres of the Triumvirate," by Antoine (who is also referred to as Anthoine) Caron, which is held at the Musée du Louvre in Paris, France as of January 2012. An overview of the relationship between power and violence throughout the Wars of Religion is provided. An overview of the essay "Une peinture d’Antoine Caron," by the French critic and ethnographer Michel Leiris is also provided. The depiction of ancient Rome in "Massacres of the Triumvirate" is discussed.

This article claims that the territorial structure of government results from a tension between scale and community. The benefits of scale arise from the nature of public goods, and include economic exchange, political power and protection against external shocks. Communities are double-edged in that they are characterized by parochial altruism. Altruism and social solidarity facilitate government within communities, but parochial attachments constrain government among communities. Scale and community, as theorized here, provide a setting for strategic choice. Both are in flux as patterns of human interaction change, and government itself shapes those patterns. Evidence is drawn from the five largest polities in the history of western Europe: the Roman Empire, the Frankish Empire, Napoleonic France, the Third Reich and the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mariée à Flavio Orsini en 1675, Marie-Anne de La Trémoille, plus connue sous le nom de princesse des Ursins, parvint à faire de son salon à Rome un haut lieu de la culture française, dans la lignée des salons parisiens comme l'Hôtel de Rambouillet au sommet de sa gloire. À Rome, le fonds Orsini de l'Archivio Storico Capitolino et le fonds Lante della Rovere de l'Archivio di Stato contiennent deux séries de lettres, négligées jusqu'à aujourd'hui, qui offrent des informations nouvelles sur la place de la musique, de la poésie et des divertissements dans la vie sociale des Orsini, très attachés à la monarchie française. Ces lettres attestent l'existence d'un salon littéraire à la française dans le palais Orsini, fondé sur l'activité de la conversation, qui englobait elle-même divertissements poétiques et musicaux. Le salon de la princesse des Ursins, perçu à Rome comme le lieu d'un 'vivere alla francese', constitue un cas de transfert culturel qui mérite d'être étudié. En exploitant le versant politique de la galanterie, Marie-Anne de La Trémoille réussit à mettre en place un lieu influent, qui participait au prestige de la nation française. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on adaptive reuse and the Roman Coliseum at Arles in Southern France. The building which was once a major center of Roman power in France, Arles was significantly reduced in size and importance as the Roman Empire fell. Increased isolation and safety risks reportedly forced citizens of the town to move into the abandoned Roman Coliseum at its center and the figure of the open space at the center of the arena became the ground for the new town.

The article offers information on the history of France from the time of Roman Empire until the New Millennium. It says that France has been colonized by ancient Romans, which influenced the country's form of Christianity and low Latin language. It mentions the dynasties that reigned in France like the Capetian in the Middle Ages as well as the World War I. It adds that Nicolas Sarkozy's campaign on unemployment, immigration, and healthcare issues led him win the presidency in May 2007.

focuses on the category of archetype as an alternative to the idea of type. Four examples - the axial streets of Renaissance Rome, the 17th-century Parisian place, the 19th-century independent block in Berlin and the 20th-century Viennese superblock - are explored here to describe the emergence of modern urban forms that explicitly embody power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Theory of the Cycle of Governments, going back to Polybius, even Aristotle, experienced something of a revival in early modern European political thought, more particularly in the works of Machiavelli, Seyssel and Le Roy in the sixteenth century, and Boxhorn, Harrington, Neville and Temple in the seventeenth. At the turn into the eighteenth century we find Giambattista Vico conceiving of a constitutional anacyclosis running from (patriarchal) one-man rule to the (monarchical) one-man rule of his own time, but there was barely any resuscitation of the theory thereafter. This paper considers what glimmerings of it are to be found in certain French political thinkers from Montesquieu to the Revolution. Following Montesquieu, central characters in the discussion are Turpin, Rousseau, Robespierre and De Maistre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public values are still considered by some authors to be universal, that is, applicable to all settings and constant through time. Despite this, a growing number of publications have appeared indicating that they are in fact quite context dependent, highly mutable over time, subject to modification, and thus far from universal. This article focuses on the latter temporal aspect and demonstrates how technological competency, political structures, and availability of economic resources affect the institutionalization of public values by molding citizen/consumer preferences and expectations. The salience and indeed the existence of public values pertaining to infrastructure have varied quite considerably over the past 2,000 years in Western Europe, although commonalities emerge in cognate institutional settings. This article develops a line of thought as to how public values and the systems through which these are delivered are institutionalized following societal demand, which in turn is based on specific technological, political, and economic contexts. To demonstrate this argument, we have selected two policy areas in which public values can be recognized (transport infrastructure and access to foodstuffs) in four different Western European historical settings (the Roman Empire, Medieval England, 18th-century France, and Industrial England). We do not make any claim to completeness or representativeness, but aim to demonstrate how different public values have been conceptualized and institutionalized in different eras, and how wider societal forces color this institutionalization process. The article concludes with lessons for the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract  During the exploitation of an archæological geographical information system, experts need to evaluate the anteriority in pairs of dates which are uncertain and inaccurate, and consequently represented by fuzzy numbers. To build their hypotheses, they need to have an assessment, taking value in [0, 1], of the relation “lower than” between two FNs. We answer the experts’ need of evaluation by constructing an anteriority index based on the Kerre index. Two applications, which constitute a step in the evaluation of the evolution of Reims during the domination of the Roman Empire, illustrate the use of the anteriority index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies a period of "sede vacante," or vacancy of the Holy See, during 1676 between the death of Pope Clement X and the selection of Pope Innocent XI as his successor. It characterizes this period as extremely challenging for relations between the declining Spain of King Carlos II and the hegemonic France of King Louis XIV. The article describes intense friction, negotiation and diplomatic maneuvering between competing interests as Spanish cardinals Everardo Nithard and Luis Manuel Fernández Portocarrero were considered to succeed Pope Clement X.

At the dawn of the modern, rational critic of mythology and the mythological mentality, myth was tolerated and even embraced by the educated people, due to its roots in the classical tradition of Greece and Rome. Some argued for its profane coexistence in a society filled with sacramental rituals, as seventeenth-century France was. Their argument was mainly that, though depicting false events, myth was nevertheless true, allegorically translating a forgotten truth or simply being of a different essence than the facts to which the regular true-false distinction applied. In his writings, Dominique Bouhours, a preeminent teacher and man of taste of the seventeenth century, argued mostly for the latter opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last quarter of the eleventh century, the Roman Church had a capable ruler and defender in Pope Gregory VII (1073–85). Despite his otherwise charismatic authority, however, Gregory's ability to extend his influence beyond the papacy's more immediate control of Rome and the Campagna was limited. Filling this administrative and legal gap was the emerging office of legation, developing ad hoc under Gregory VII in matters of reform and law. Papal legates such as the French representative, Bishop Hugh of Die (later archbishop of Lyons), became crucial figures in the machinery of papal government. They assumed a vital role in the transmission of reforming legislation north of the Alps while effectively widening Gregory VII's ‘friendship network’ to encompass influential members of the local and regional clerical and lay elite. With the assistance of this ecclesiastical office, moreover, the papacy significantly enhanced its opportunity for social contacts, thereby strengthening its hold on the more distant provinces of Western Christendom. By focusing on existing and growing social networks in late eleventh-century France, this article examines Hugh of Die's role as an instrument of church reform, and assesses this legate's impact on the larger papal reform initiative in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the relationship of France and Rome. It notes that Rome has improved its relationship with France in order to regain the Latin origin for redefinition of their culture. It cites that Latinity is one of the reason why Romanians had shifted to French culture. It discusses how the relationship directly affected the cultural and national identity of Romanians. It cites that Romanians have increased their effort to learn more about France through traveling and publications.

This article presents a non traditional point of view of the Bolivar's way of thinking. In that sense, this job tries to show how Bolivar was not influence by the French revolutions ideas as many traditional scholars show, but I defend the idea that Bolivar's thoughts come from the period of the Roman Republic as well as Maquiaveli and Rousseau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are facing a transformation of the political order in which cities are becoming more and more important, partly in the field of economic development but also regarding security questions, specifically after 9 September 2001, such as cultural diversity, social cohesion, and sustainable development. The institutional conditions of governability have evolved during the last two decades. Cities develop strategies at the global level and promote different kinds of collective value. In this paper we aim to analyse these international strategies, their elaboration, and their implementation by using a comparison of Montreal, Paris, and Rome. The various strategies are analyzed as the outcome of dominant political coalitions between the political institutions and very specific segments of civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on issues related to the biosocial behavior of the individuals buried in the Aldaieta cemetery in Basque Country, France. The cemetery serves as an excellent site to analyze the relationships between biology and culture. On one hand, the cemetery presents cultural material whose origins lie in the Northern Pyrenean Frankish kingdom, on the other hand it reveals greater genetic affinity to the present-day populations of the northern Iberian Peninsula. These characteristics question of the degree of influence exercised by the large European kingdoms that emerged with the fall of the Roman Empire over the populations of their expansion.

Discusses the contrasting aesthetic values associated with Paris and Rome. Image of man in literature; Details on themes of arabesques; Description of carnival motifs in the chronotope of reading.

The article discusses the author's view on the genesius of Rome and genesius of Arles. He states that George Herfeld could well have been right when he indicated that the text edited by Ruinart, reprinted in Acta Sanctorum was the source for the entry on Genesius of Rome in the Old English Martyrology (OEM). Having considered the various Latin texts at a length determined by the hagiographers' discussion of these, I am forced to say that the type of text used by the composer of OEM turns on a singular or plural, which itself may be a scribal variation. That Genesius was a mimus of the emperor Dioclecian, that he undoubtedly sang obscene songs and played shameful plays and that he read divine writings.

Discusses insights that letters written by writer Fenimore Cooper from Paris and Rome give on events in Europe and European civilization. Absence of assembled letters or written papers of Cooper after his death; Revelation of journeys made by Cooper after 1826; Views of Cooper on European civilization found in his letter to friend Charles Wilkes; Letter from Cooper to poet Samuel Rogers dated January 19, 1931.