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Public health edicts necessitated by COVID-19 prompted a rapid pivot to remote online teaching and learning. Two major consequences followed: households became students' main learning space, and technology became the sole medium of instructional delivery. We use the ideas of "digital disconnect" and "digital divide" to examine, for students and faculty, their prior experience with, and proficiency in using, learning technology. We also explore, for students, how household lockdowns and digital capacity impacted learning. Our findings are drawn from 3806 students and 283 faculty instructors from nine higher education institutions across Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. For instructors, we find little evidence of a digital divide but some evidence of a digital disconnect. However, neither made a difference to self-reported success in transitioning courses. Faculty instructors were impacted in a myriad of diverse ways. For students, we show that closure and confinement measures which created difficult living situations were associated with lower levels of confidence in learning. The digital divide that did exist among students was less influential than were household lockdown measures in undermining student learning.

"Experience design" is a term that has risen to the forefront in a variety of professional fields and has relevance for the field of park and recreation. Park and recreation professionals are primarily focused on providing experiences and thus could naturally consider themselves experienced designers. Surprisingly, experience design is not a topic often discussed within park and recreation publications or curriculum. This absence is at least in part attributable to the fact that experience design is an emerging field that has grown independently out of multiple disciplines. Consequently, the fields of park and recreation and experience design overlap in a variety of mutually beneficial ways which deserve further consideration. The purpose of this paper is to provide leisure educators a brief introduction to the practice of experience design and present information drawn from experience designers across a variety of fields about the skills, certifications, and resources necessary to become an experienced designer.

• In ten countries 2,301 residents mapped 28,878 ecosystem service (ES) benefits. • Outdoor recreation, aesthetic values and social interaction are key ES benefits. • Settlement areas are ES benefit hotspots in multifunctional rural landscapes. • Many ES are also related to forests, waters and mosaic landscapes. • ES benefit perception links to relationship with and accessibility to a landscape. Rural development policies in many Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries promote sustainable landscape management with the intention of providing multiple ecosystem services (ES). Yet, it remains unclear which ES benefits are perceived in different landscapes and by different people. We present an assessment of ES benefits perceived and mapped by residents (n = 2,301) across 13 multifunctional (deep rural to peri-urban) landscapes in Europe. We identify the most intensively perceived ES benefits, their spatial patterns, and the respondent and landscape characteristics that determine ES benefit perception. We find outdoor recreation, aesthetic values and social interactions are the key ES benefits at local scales. Settlement areas are ES benefit hotspots but many benefits are also related to forests, waters and mosaic landscapes. We find some ES benefits (e.g. culture and heritage values) are spatially clustered, while many others (e.g. aesthetic values) are dispersed. ES benefit perception is linked to people's relationship with and accessibility to a landscape. Our study discusses how a local perspective can contribute to the development of contextualized and socially acceptable policies for sustainable ES management. We also address conceptual confusion in ES framework and present argumentation regarding the links from services to benefits, and from benefits to different types of values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors present their thoughts on why agroforestry should be promoted in Europe as an ecosystem service provision through the common agricultural policy (CAP). They discuss how the CAP can be revised to maximize the productivity of land where agroforestry could be adopted as part of rural development programs.

Abstract: Lymphoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions in ferrets in the United States and in Europe. Despite the high frequency of occurrence, ferret lymphoma is poorly understood and is considered to be one of the more difficult diseases to diagnose accurately and successfully treat in these animals. An update on ferret lymphoma will be provided, along with a proposal to standardize a classification system for this common disease presentation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: The European Working Time Directive (EWTD) poses challenges for out of hours management of the acute urological patient. With the introduction of the “Hospital at Night” team or cross specialty cover, there may be limited onsite urological experience out of hours. One of the commonest urological emergencies is acute stone colic. For the on call team to provide a safe and quality service, the BAUS Section of Endourology has produced guidelines for the emergency management of urolithiasis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]