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Background: Minimal research has been done to determine how well European nursing students understand the core principles of academic integrity and how often they deviate from good academic practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out what educational needs nursing students have in terms of academic integrity. Research design: A quantitative cross-sectional study in the form of a survey of nursing students was conducted via questionnaire in the fall of 2020. Participants: The sample was composed of 79 students in the BScN and MScN programs at Zürich University of Applied Sciences. Ethical considerations: An application for a non-competence clearance was approved by the Ethics Committee in Zurich (BASEC No. Req-2020-00868). The survey was anonymous, and informed consent was obtained prior to participation. Results: The participants had a high level of confidence in their own knowledge but were in many cases unable to correctly identify clear-cut examples of misconduct and to differentiate them from questionable practices. About 13% of the participants admitted that during their university education they had copied shorter passages from other sources into their own text without marking them as quotes. Conclusions: The study documents extensive knowledge gaps among nursing students regarding both academic misconduct and questionable practices and indicates a need for improved academic integrity training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In the treatment of colorectal cancer, classic chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, trifluridine, and tipiracil have played a crucial role. Through the analysis of the top 100 most influential articles, we examined the evolution in research and current relevance, confirming the continued significance of this group of drugs despite the emergence of new treatments. The research reveals global collaboration among institutions, countries (primarily the United States, China, and Europe), and researchers, with three main themes driving the study: pharmacogenetics, new pharmaceutical formulations, and the use of adjuvants. In the landscape of colorectal cancer treatment, classical chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, trifluridine, and tipiracil have historically played a pivotal role. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most influential articles focusing on these classic chemotherapy drugs in the management of colorectal cancer. With this, we shed light on their current importance, despite the emergence of new therapeutic targets and treatments in the field of oncology. Systematically evaluating research outputs, this analysis reveals a prevalence of co-authorship among institutions, countries (led by the United States, China, and Europe), and researchers highlighting the global and collaborative nature of efforts in research, utilization, and development of these drugs. Three thematic axes lead the research: pharmacogenetics, the development of new pharmaceutical forms, and the use of adjuvants. This research serves as a foundation for future endeavors, aiding researchers, clinicians, and policymakers in making informed decisions about the direction of research and development in the dynamic field of colorectal cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze nearly 3,300 submissions to International Tax and Public Finance from 2010–2020 to identify trends in authorship, content, and the overall performance of the journal. Doing so reveals several things. First, in terms of authorship and data sources, there is a clear predominance of OECD countries, especially the US and Europe. These locations particularly dominate publications; while non-OECD authors are on 40% of submissions, they only make up 24% of publications. Second, 90% of submissions have a male coauthor. There is not, however, any significant correlation between author gender and the acceptance rate. Third, issues of tax evasion have become ever more prominent in both submissions and publications. Finally, there is a shift in research towards empirical analysis, especially that using disaggregated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of international and collaborative publication trends in prominent behavior‐analytic journals has been a topic of interest for behavioral researchers. This paper focuses on publication trends from 1997 through 2020 in three prominent journals: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), and Perspectives on Behavior Science (PBS). The variable of interest was the percentage of articles published per geographical category—Australasia/East Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America, and Africa. The results showed that 79, 96, and 87% of the published articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were conducted by researchers with a North American affiliation. Furthermore, 12, 4, and 4% of the articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were coauthored by at least two researchers from different geographical categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Personnel Review (PR) is a leading human resource management journal. The article endeavors to provide a retrospective of the journal to commemorate the journal's 50th anniversary. Design/methodology/approach: The article employs a variety of bibliometric analysis techniques such as performance analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling, and negative binomial regression to provide a retrospective of PR. Findings: The performance analysis suggests that PR has grown steadily in PR's publications and citations. Though most of PR's contributions originate from Europe, a geographical shift toward global contributions has been witnessed in recent years. Besides that, a culture of collaboration among PR authors has manifested and proliferated over time. Though a third of European studies are qualitative and more than 90% of Asian studies are quantitative, PR studies, as a whole, are moving away from conceptual and qualitative to empirical and quantitative research. Next, the bibliographic coupling of the PR corpus indicates five major themes—namely, human resource management policies and practices; personnel competency, experience, and well-being; career management and employee engagement; strategic human resource management; and organizational culture and workplace environment. Finally, the negative binomial regression reveals that article age, abstract and article length and number of keywords and references significantly drive PR citations. Originality/value: The article represents the inaugural retrospective of PR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and perception of scientific misconduct in infectious diseases (ID) and clinical microbiology (CM), as reported by the ID/CM community., Methods: An anonymous online European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases survey circulated among society members from October 2023 to June 2024; the questionnaire included data on participants' views on their own and their colleagues' scientific misconduct in the last 5 years., Results: The survey received 220 responses. Responders were 73% ID physicians, 52% men, 56% aged 35-54 years, and represented 48 countries, mainly European (126 participants). The vast majority of participants (78%) reported that they did not personally commit scientific misconduct, whereas 54% reported witnessing misconduct by colleagues in their field. The most commonly committed misconduct by both responders and their colleagues was misconduct of authorship rules, 14% and 41%, respectively. Overall, 18% reported witnessing misleading reporting and 14% reported witnessing nonaccurate reporting of conflict of interest. Nevertheless, the majority (>60%) of responders reported high confidence in the integrity of published work in the field of ID/CM. Approximately one-third of responders were not aware of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ethics advisory committee as an authority to which members can report misconduct., Discussion: Scientific misconduct, mostly related to violation of authorship rules, seems to be common in ID/CM. Efforts to improve scientific integrity should be made to keep trust in the scientific process., (Copyright © 2024 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Study Design: Bibliometric review.Objective: This study aims to understand the worldwide research productivity trends in spine-related research over the past five decades.Summary Of Background Data: Research productivity in the field of spine surgery has increased tremendously over the past decades. However, knowledge regarding the detailed regional disparity is limited.Methods: We evaluated original research articles published in four prestigious journals on spine research (European Spine Journal, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Spine, and The Spine Journal) from 1976 to 2020. For 1 year of each decade, the origin of the first and the senior author was assigned to their region of origin. For the year 2020, a detailed analysis of countries and states of origin was performed, and the number of articles was normalized by registered MDs per country (per 10,000 population).Results: We included a total of 4436 articles and 8776 authors for analysis. From 1976 to 2020, the percentage of publications originating from North America decreased (77%-38%). In contrast, Asian contributions drastically increased (3%-36%), whereas articles originating from Europe only slightly raised (20%-22%). In 2020, the United States was the most productive country worldwide (34% with most articles from New York (19%), followed by China (16%) and Japan (10%). After normalization to registered MDs (per 10,000 population), the United States proved to have the highest number of articles. Besides this, India now ranked fourth and Egypt eighth in terms of the most productive countries per MDs.Conclusion: North America contributed the largest share of all articles published in the last five decades. Asia, which ranks second in 2020, has overtaken Europe. Normalization to registered MDs can be a helpful tool to reflect a country's research productivity more accurately.Level of Evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews 1,406 research articles published between 2016 and 2020 in the European Journal of Social Work (EJSW), the British Journal of Social Work (BJSW) and Research on Social Work Practice (RSWP). It assesses the proportion and complexity of quantitative research designs amongst published articles and investigates differences between the journals. Furthermore, the review investigates the complexity of the statistical methods employed and identifies the most frequently addressed topics. From the 1,406 articles, 504 (35.8 percent) used a qualitative methodology, 389 (27.7 percent) used a quantitative methodology, 85 (6 percent) used the mixed methods (6 percent), 253 (18 percent) articles were theoretical in nature, 148 (10.5 percent) conducted reviews and 27 (1.9 percent) gave project overviews. The proportion of quantitative research articles was higher in RSWP (55.4 percent) than in the EJSW (14.1 percent) and the BJSW (20.5 percent). The topic analysis could identify at least forty different topics addressed by the articles. Although the proportion of quantitative research is rather small in social work research, the review could not find evidence that it is of low sophistication. Finally, this study concludes that future research would benefit from making explicit why a certain methodology was chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports in the literature have proposed and analyzed several minimally invasive techniques for caries removal in recent decades. In light of recent events surrounding the ongoing epidemiological context, concerns have been raised regarding the generation of aerosols during dental procedures. The aim of our research was to provide an overview of the scientific literature on the topic of chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) methods, focusing on two products (Carisolv, BRIX3000), commercially available in Europe. A bibliometric analysis was used to investigate the scientific articles included in Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database, published from January 2010 to December 2020. We analyzed the co-occurrence of all keywords (Author Keywords and the KeyWords Plus section), co-authorship and co-citation, using the free software VOSviewer. Our bibliometric analysis revealed a worldwide interest in the subject of chemo-mechanical methods of caries removal, which has transcended the area of pediatric dentistry. The analyzed studies have been conducted mainly in high-income countries that have developed sanitary policies regarding prevention and early treatment of carious lesions as a health priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The gender gap in the authorship of scientific research may affect career advancement. Our aim was to assess the potential gender gap in gastrointestinal (GI) journals., Methods: A systematic review was performed of the GI literature and ongoing research in the period 2020-2022. A total 10 GI journals and ongoing research on clinicaltrials.gov were selected for review. The gender gap in first and senior authorship was evaluated for each article and ongoing research project. Associations between the gender gap and possible predictors were measured and results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CI., Results: The number of first female authors (FFAs) and senior female authors (SFAs) in published articles were 1408/4207 (33.5%) and 911/4207 (21.7%), respectively. There were 781/2654 (29.4%) female principal investigators (PI)s for the ongoing research. On comparison of non-endoscopic vs. endoscopic topics, the latter were associated with the gender gap (hepatology, OR 2.15 [95%CI 1.83-2.55]; inflammatory bowel disease, OR 2.12 [95%CI 1.60-2.45]; upper and lower GI, OR 1.31 [95%CI 1.18-1.73]); as well as the type of article (original article vs. editorial, OR 1.92 [95%CI 1.58-2.33]). The type of research was also associated with the gender gap (clinical vs. preclinical studies, OR 0.88 [95%CI 0.66-0.91])., Conclusion: Our results demonstrated a correlation between the gender gap and the design and topic of the research. Future strategies for improving equity in career development in GI endoscopy should focus on closing the gender gap in equity of authorship., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The article focuses on conference notes on Stephen Harding as the sole author of the Carta Caritatis. Topics include Stephen's authorship later became one of his saintly attributes; Stephen has never been nearly as popular as Saint Bernard, whom he welcomed as a novice; and Stephen is absent from the books that were truly popular in medieval Europe.

Introduction: Given the need to increase female representation in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery, as well as the need to increase the academic pipeline of women in this subspecialty, we sought to characterize the prevalence of female authorship in the HPB literature. In particular, the objective of the current study was to determine the proportion of women who published HPB research articles as first, second, or last author over the last decade.Methods: All articles pertaining to hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery appearing in seven surgical journals (Annals of Surgery, British Journal of Surgery, JAMA Surgery, Annals of Surgical Oncology, HPB (Oxford), Surgery, and Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery) were reviewed for the years 2008 and 2018. Information on sex of author, country of author's institution, and article type was collected and entered into a computerized database.Results: Among the 1473 index articles included in the final analytic cohort, 414 (28%) publications had a woman as the first or last author, while the vast majority (n = 1,059, 72%) had a man as the first or last author. The number of female first authors increased from 15.6% (n = 92/591) in 2008 to 25.7% (n = 227/882) in 2018 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the proportion of second (n = 123/536, 23.0% vs n = 214/869, 24.6%, p = 0.47) or last (n = 44/564, 7.8% vs n = 88/875, 10.1%, p = 0.15) authors. Women were more likely to publish papers appearing in medium-impact journals (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.88) and articles with a female author were more likely to be from a North American institution (referent: North America, Asia OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.31-0.59 vs Europe OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.87).Conclusion: Women first/last authors in HPB research articles have increased over the past 10 years from 22 to 32%. Women as last authors remain low, however, as only 1 in 10 papers had a senior woman author. These data should prompt HPB leaders to find solutions to the gap in female authorship including mentorship of young female researchers and surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers updates on issues related to the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) as of December 2019. Topics covered include the United Nations High Level meeting on Universal Health Coverage in September 2019, a strategy adopted by EUPHA to strengthen its role as a partner for European public health, and information on the 16th World Congress on Public Health in Rome, Italy.

The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of professional excellence in all aspects of cardiovascular imaging. The mission of the EACVI is to promote excellence in clinical diagnosis, research, technical development, and education in cardiovascular imaging with a particular focus on education, training, scientific initiatives, and research. The EACVI established the Scientific Initiatives Committee (SIC) in December 2018. This committee has responsibility for surveys among imagers, patients' surveys and surveys including data from clinical practice. The current document describes the aims of the EACVI SIC and the creation of the international EACVI survey network. This document summarizes the EACVI's standards for the survey questions and standards for writing the papers with the results of the surveys. These are in accordance with previous recommendations and were approved by the EACVI SIC and the EACVI Board in 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we examine automated language‐independent authorship verification using text examples in several representative Indo‐European languages, in cases when the examined texts belong to an open set of authors, that is, the author is unknown. We showcase the set of developed language‐dependent and language‐independent features, the model of training examples, consisting of pairs of equal features for known and unknown texts, and the appropriate method of authorship verification. An authorship verification accuracy greater than 90% was accomplished via the application of stylometric methods on four different languages (English, Greek, Spanish, and Dutch, while the verification for Dutch is slightly lower). For the multilingual case, the highest authorship verification accuracy using basic machine‐learning methods, over 90%, was achieved by the application of the kNN and SVM‐SMO methods, using the feature selection method SVM‐RFE. The improvement in authorship verification accuracy in multilingual cases, over 94%, was accomplished via ensemble learning methods, with the MultiboostAB method being a bit more accurate, but Random Forest is generally more appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The assessment of bone age and skeletal maturity and its comparison to chronological age is an important task in the medical environment for the diagnosis of pediatric endocrinology, orthodontics and orthopedic disorders, and legal environment in what concerns if an individual is a minor or not when there is a lack of documents. Being a time-consuming activity that can be prone to inter- and intra-rater variability, the use of methods which can automate it, like Machine Learning techniques, is of value. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this paper is to present the state of the art evidence, trends and gaps in the research related to bone age assessment studies that make use of Machine Learning techniques. METHOD: A systematic literature review was carried out, starting with the writing of the protocol, followed by searches on three databases: Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science to identify the relevant evidence related to bone age assessment using Machine Learning techniques. One round of backward snowballing was performed to find additional studies. A quality assessment was performed on the selected studies to check for bias and low quality studies, which were removed. Data was extracted from the included studies to build summary tables. Lastly, a meta-analysis was performed on the performances of the selected studies. RESULTS: 26 studies constituted the final set of included studies. Most of them proposed automatic systems for bone age assessment and investigated methods for bone age assessment based on hand and wrist radiographs. The samples used in the studies were mostly comprehensive or bordered the age of 18, and the data origin was in most of cases from United States and West Europe. Few studies explored ethnic differences. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear focus of the research on bone age assessment methods based on radiographs whilst other types of medical imaging without radiation exposure (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging) are not much explored in the literature. Also, socioeconomic and other aspects that could influence in bone age were not addressed in the literature. Finally, studies that make use of more than one region of interest for bone age assessment are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of Europe's key research missions, with gender equity a major policy pillar. To benchmark how well European countries perform for gender balance in cancer research, high quality intelligence is required. For cancer research papers in Europe (EUR31; the 28 EU Member States plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) from two specific years (2009 and 2019), we evaluated the numbers of female authors overall and then the female last-author presence, as a proxy of female cancer research leadership. Overall, female authorship increased from 42% to 49%. In 2009, females represented 50% or more of cancer research authors in only five EUR31 countries. By 2019, that number had risen to 17. In Eastern European (EE) countries, females were more likely to be in the majority. The presence of female cancer research authors in the last (senior) author position increased from 24% to 34%. Five of the top six countries for female authorship in 2019 were from EE, whereas disappointingly four central European countries (Austria (AT), Czechia (CZ), Germany (DE) and Switzerland (CH)) were below the 25th percentile. A number of European powerhouses of cancer research (UK, DE, CH) underperformed in terms of female cancer research leadership. However, when cancer researchers from these countries worked abroad (e.g. Scandinavia, USA) the percentage of females was similar to that of their host countries. A factor potentially influencing female cancer research participation was availability and relative cost of child-care, which is more favourable in Scandinavia and EE than in central/western Europe. Our data show that Horizon Europe's Cancer Mission must ensure gender equity in its future research programmes and support the enhancement of female cancer research leadership opportunities. • First paper of its kind to evaluate gender inequity in cancer research in Europe. • Highlights significant gender bias in female cancer research leadership in Europe. • Gender inequity more pronounced in some of Europe's powerhouses of cancer research. • Female cancer research leadership more favoured in Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. • Cancer research leadership may be influenced by availability and cost of childcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author revisits works produced during the time of socialist Yugoslavia to assess the historiographical literature on the German occupation regimes there. He concludes that since Yugoslavia's demise there has been hardly any evolution towards a more solid nor more differentiated historiography such as would meet international standards. To be sure, significant new research has been produced, but it has been hampered by the narrow and often difficult academic frameworks that have existed in the last twenty-five years. Scholars have been expected to respond to the new nationalized agendas of the successor states, and have seen few structural incentives to link their work to international research networks, or to the work of their colleagues in neighbouring countries. The author's focus is the German occupation of Serbia, but he includes some examples of scholars whose focus is German-occupied Slovenia, or the Independent State of Croatia, and he keeps in perspective the wider (Southeast) European contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse on gender diversity tends to overlook differences across levels of hierarchy (e.g., students, faculty, and editors) and critical dimensions (e.g., subdisciplines and geographical locations). Further ignored is its intersection with global diversity-representation from different countries. Here we document and contextualize gender disparity from perspectives of equal versus expected representation in journal editorship, by analyzing 68 top psychology journals in 10 subdisciplines. First, relative to ratios as students and faculty, women are underrepresented as editorial-board members (41%) and-unlike previous results based on one subfield-as editors-in-chief (34%) as well. Second, female ratios in editorship vary substantially across subdisciplines, genres of scholarship (higher in empirical and review journals than in method journals), continents/countries/regions (e.g., higher in North America than in Europe), and journal countries of origin (e.g., higher in American journals than in European journals). Third, under female (vs. male) editors-in-chief, women are much better represented as editorial-board members (47% vs. 36%), but the geographical diversity of editorial-board members and authorship decreases. These results reveal new local and broad contexts of gender diversity in editorship in psychology, with policy implications. Our approach also offers a methodological guideline for similar disparity research in other fields.

We aimed to characterize the existing knowledge of cerebral palsy (CP) prevalence globally and identify any existing publication disparities that may impact our understanding of the global burden of CP. To identify existing publications on CP prevalence, PubMed and Web of Science were searched in May 2021 with the following strategy: "cerebral palsy"[title] AND (rate OR prevalence OR epidemiology). This search yielded 2720 results on PubMed and 2314 on Web of Science. Studies published in English, Spanish, or Japanese and which were available in full text were included. Studies that did not report a CP prevalence statistic were excluded. We identified 94 studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 94 studies, 69 (73.4%) studies came from Europe, North America, and Australia with the remaining 25 (26.6%) from Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. No studies from Latin America were identified. CP prevalence estimates ranged from 0.8 to 4.4 per 1000 live births. Studies from Europe are cited more than studies from other regions, ranging from 7.61 citations/year since publication for European studies to 2.1 citations/year for Middle Eastern studies. Studies from Western countries are written almost exclusively by Western authors (99.69%-100%), while studies from Africa consist of a lower proportion of African authors (31.06%). Our results highlight geographical disparities in our knowledge of CP epidemiology. Existing literature from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East are relatively undercited by the field. To better grasp the true impact of CP globally, we must support institutions and researchers in underrepresented regions of the world., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article explores the cultural characteristics of three open access ( OA)-friendly disciplines (physics, economics, and clinical medicine) and the ways in which those characteristics influence perceptions, motivations, and behaviors toward green OA. The empirical data are taken from two online surveys of European authors. Taking a domain analytic approach, the analysis draws on Becher and Trowler's (2001) and Whitley's (2000) theories to gain a deeper understanding of why OA repositories ( OAR) play a particularly important role in the chosen disciplines. The surveys provided a unique opportunity to compare perceptions, motivations, and behaviors of researchers at the discipline level with the parent metadiscipline. It should be noted that participants were not drawn from a stratified sample of all the different subdisciplines that constitute each discipline, and therefore the generalizability of the findings to the discipline may be limited. The differential role of informal and formal communication in each of the three disciplines has shaped green OA practices. For physicists and economists, preprints are an essential feature of their respective OAR landscapes, whereas for clinical medics final published articles have a central role. In comparing the disciplines with their parent metadisciplines there were some notable similarities/differences, which have methodological implications for studying research cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim was to evaluate the use of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) and STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) methods in reviews, clinical trials and observational studies, respectively, which were published in European journals within the field of Public Health (PH). Methods Papers published between 2010 and 2013 in seven PH journals were evaluated. The presence of the words PRISMA, STROBE and CONSORT was considered in the search criteria. (Results In total, 2355 of 3456 retrieved articles were included: 1.5% appeared to follow the guidelines. The boundaries within which the criteria were applied are 0-100% for CONSORT, 0-0.6% for STROBE and 0-37% for PRISMA. Conclusions A strong heterogeneity in the application of guideline statements was observed. A common agreement among journals regarding research-reporting methodologies could improve the quality of PH research publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparativ: Leipziger Beiträge zur Universalgeschichte und Vergleichenden Gesellschaftsforschung is the property of Leipziger Universitaetsverlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The editorial note unfolds the main aims and the particular working conditions of the project that has led to the specific publication. Syros: a bet on the potentiality of cooperation (2013) was organized as a co-writing encounter among performance artists and theorists from all over Europe. During an eight-days long writing residency the participants shared their individual topics of interest regarding contemporary performance as well as their distinct writing practices. Following that process, they also suggested an alternative mode for the creators of this publication, based not on a common topic (as is often the case) but on the 'topos', the place of encounter of its writers, which is seen as a 'bet on the potentiality of cooperation' (Laermans). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the accepted posters for the 2014 American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) Annual Conference in Memphis, Tennessee. These include studies on improvement recommendations to the 510(k) program, medical writing strategies for global teams, and a systematic process for creating high-quality developmental strategy update reports.

Although historians of modern literacy acknowledge the presence of ‘scribes’, they leave several questions unanswered: Who had recourse to ‘scribes’? For what specific purposes did delegated writing take place? Who were the ‘scribes’? What was their relationship with authors? In offering some answers, I draw on what we already know about delegated writing in nineteenth and early twentieth-century Europe, supplemented by original research on the writing of ordinary people in the First World War and in the age of mass migration. In identifying the main types of delegated writing – namely, the local notable, the family member or close colleague and the professional writer – I stress the power of the writer. Delegated writing was not a mechanical process of dictation, but a collaborative project, in which the ‘scribe’ deployed stock phrases, censored and gave advice. Calling on a ‘scribe’ inevitably implied a partial surrender of authorial autonomy. In conclusion, I outline ways in which the ‘scribe’ has made a comeback since the late twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This essay uses the Viennese remigré writer and journalist, Friedrich Torberg (1908–1979), his Austrian Jewish cohort, and their invented “Central Europe” and “Austrian Literature” to argue for a paradigmatic shift in émigré historiography. The cosmopolitan narrative predominating in émigré historiography has marginalized traditional Judaism. By shifting the focus from the German to the Austrian émigrés, and from the European nation state to the Austrian Empire, historians can reclaim traditional Jewish culture and pluralize the hegemonic narrative. Late imperial Austria, constitutionally federalist and ethnically and culturally diverse, made room for a Jewish national culture in ways that Germany did not. The Austrian émigrés shaped visions of Central Europe that foregrounded Jewishness and provided wider space for Jewish life than comparable visions of leading German émigrés. Yet, even Austrian émigré visions remained largely incognizant of rabbinic culture, the core of traditional Jewish life. To make traditional Jews agents of Jewish European history, European historiography must now move to incorporate rabbinic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Austrian Studies is the property of Modern Humanities Research Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Female physicians in medicine are increasing, but disparities in female authorship exist. The aim of this study was to characterise factors associated with female first (FF) and female senior (SF) authorship in later phase systemic oncological clinical trials in biliary tract cancer (BTC) and identify any changes over time., Setting: Embase/Medline identified trial publications in BTC (2000-2020) were included. χ 2 tests and log regression were used (assessed factors associated with FF and SF authorship, including changes over time (STATA V.16))., Primary Outcome Measure: FF and SF authorship in later phase systemic oncological clinical trials in BTC., Secondary Outcome Measure: Any changes over time?, Results: Of 501 publications, 163 met inclusion criteria. The median percentage of female author representation in publications was 25%; there were no female authors in 13% of publications. Geographic location of the home institution of the first and senior authors was Asia (42%/42%), Europe (29%/29%), USA (24%/22%) and other (4%/6%), respectively. Overall, FF and SF author representation was 20% and 10%, respectively. The median position of the first female author was second in all the publication author lists. The phase of trial, journal-impact factor, industry funding or whether the study met its primary endpoint did not impact FF/SF author representation. More SF authors had home institutions in 'other' geographic locations (40% in 10 trials) (p=0.02) versus Asia (6%), Europe (8%) and USA (14%). There were no significant changes in FF/SF representation over time (p=0.61 and p=0.33 respectively)., Conclusions: FF and SF author representation in later phase systemic clinical trial publications in BTC is low and has not changed significantly over time. The underlying reasons for this imbalance need to be better understood and addressed., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests; all outside of this submitted work: MGM has received research grant support from Servier, Ipsen, and NuCana. She has received travel and accommodation support from Bayer and Ipsen and speaker honoraria from Pfizer, Ipsen, NuCana, and Mylan. She has served on advisory boards for Incyte, Celgene, Ipsen, Sirtex, Baxalta and Astra Zeneca; all outside this submitted work. JB has received honoraria from Merck Serono, Roche, Sanofi, and Bayer; all outside this submitted work. LG has received research funding (to institution): Agios, Adaptimmune, Bayer, Merck, Macrogenics, Genentech, Novartis, Incyte, Loxo Oncology, Relay Therapeutics, QED, Taiho Oncology, Leap Therapeutics, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Nucana. Scientific Advisory Committee (to self): Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Alentis Therapeutics AG, H3Biomedicine, Incyte Corporation, QED Therapeutics, Sirtex Medical Ltd, Taiho Oncology Inc; Consulting (to self): Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Alentis Therapeutics, Genentech, Exelixis, Incyte Corporation, QED Therapeutics, Sirtex Medical Ltd, Taiho Oncology Inc; DSMC (to self): AstraZeneca; all outside this submitted work. ADW has received educational grant support from Roche, and honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Servier Suisse, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bayer, EMD Serono, Lilly, Sanofi, Celgene, Astra Zeneca, AbbVie, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, SHIRE and Pfizer; all outside this submitted work. DG receives indirect research funding from Amgen, Celgene, and Pfizer and is on a data safety monitoring board for Sun Biopharma and has received honorarium from Astra Zeneca; all outside this submitted work. RS has received research funding from Merck, Exelis Pharmaceuticals, Pieris, Taiho, Rafael Pharmaceuticals and has served on advisory boards for Merck, Seattle Genetics, Exelis Pharmaceuticals, QED therapeutics, Debipharm, Agios, Clovis and Incyte; all outside this submitted work. MM receives research funding from Bayer and Lilly; all outside this submitted work. ML has received honoraria from Roche, Agios, Novartis, Astra-Zeneca; all outside of this submitted work. TB-S has received research funding (to institution): Agios, Arys, Boston Biomedical, Bayer, Amgen, Merck, Celgene, Lilly, Ipsen, Clovis, Seattle Genetics, Array Biopharma, Genentech, Novartis, Mirati, Merus, Abgenomics, Incyte, Pfizer, BMS. Consulting (to institution): Ipsen, Array Biopharma, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, Bayer, Genentech, Incyte and Merck. Consulting (to self): AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Eisai, Daichii Sankyo, Natera, TreosBio, Celularity, Exact Science, Sobi, Beigene, Astra Zeneca and Foundation Medicine. IDMC/DSMB (to self): Astra Zeneca, Exelixis, Lilly, PanCan and 1Globe; all outside this submitted work. RKK has received research funding (to institution): Adaptimmune, Agios, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Merck, Novartis, Partner Therapeutics, QED, Taiho. Consulting (to institution): Agios, Astra Zeneca, BMS. IDMC/DSMB (to self): GNE/Roche. Scientific Advisory Board (to self): GNE/Roche, Gilead, Exact Sciences, Ipsen; all outside this submitted work. JF has received research funding (to institution): Ono Pharmaceutical, MSD, Sumitomo Dainippon, J-Pharma, Yakult Honsha, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Bayer, Pfizer, NanoCarrier, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharma, Sanofi, Takeda, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Astellas Pharma, Eli Lilly Japan, and honoraria from Eisai, Bayer Yakuhin, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Yakult Honsha, Teijin pharma, Shionogi, EA pharma, Eli Lilly Japan, Takeda, Chugai Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Nihon Servier, Sanofi, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical, Nobel pharma, Pfizer, Sawai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Sumitomo Dainippon, Merck Bio, Nippon Kayaku, MSD, Shire, Kyowa Hakko Kirin; all outside this submitted work. LR had received consulting fees from Amgen, ArQule, AstraZeneca, Basilea, Bayer, BMS, Celgene, Eisai, Exelixis, Genenta, Hengrui, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, MSD, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Roche, Sanofi; lectures fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Eisai, Gilead, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, Roche, Sanofi; travel expenses from Ipsen; and institutional research funding from Agios, ARMO BioSciences, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Eisai, Exelixis, Fibrogen, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, MSD, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Roche, Zymeworks; all outside this submitted work. CM received grants from ONO Pharmaceutical, grants and personal fees from Yakult Honsha, grants from Eisai, grants and personal fees from MSD K.K., grants and personal fees from J-Pharma, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, grants from Merck biopharma, personal fees from Teijin Pharma, grants and personal fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Abbvie; all outside this submitted work. AL has received travel and educational support from Ipsen, Pfizer, Bayer, AAA, Sirtex, Novartis, Mylan and Delcath. Speaker honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Ipsen, and Incyte. Advisory honoraria from EISAI, Nutricia Ipsen, QED, and Roche. Member of the Knowledge Network and NETConnect Initiatives funded by Ipsen; all outside this submitted work. RH has served on advisory boards for Roche, BMS, Eisai, Celgene, Beigene, Ipsen, BTG. He has received speaker fees from Eisai, Ipsen, Mylan, PrimeOncology and has received travel and educational support from Bayer, BMS and Roche; all outside this submitted work. JK has received research funding (to institution) from AstraZeneca, Merck, Roche, Ipsen. Advisory board (to self) received from Pfizer, Merck, Celgene, AstraZeneca, Roche, EISAI, Lilly, BMS; all outside this submitted work. JV has had a consulting or advisory role for Agios, AstraZeneca, Delcath Systems, Keocyt, Genoscience Pharma, Incyte, Ipsen, Merck, Mundipharma EDO, Novartis, PCI Biotech, Pfizer, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, QED, and Wren Laboratories; Speakers’ Bureau for Imaging Equipment Limited, Ipsen, Novartis, Nucana; and received Travel Grants from Celgene and Nucana; all outside this submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

In innovation strategy, a type of Schumpeterian competitive strategy in business administration, "intra-individual diversity" has attracted attention as one factor for creating innovation. In this study, we redefine "framework for identifying researchers' areas of expertise" as "a framework for quantifying intra-individual diversity among researchers. Note that diversity here refers to authorship of articles in multiple research fields. The application of this framework then made it possible to visualize organizational diversity by accumulating the intra-individual diversity of researchers and to discuss the innovation strategy of the organization. The analysis in this study discusses how countries are promoting research on the topics of artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, which are at the core of Industry 4.0, from an innovation perspective. Note that Industry 4.0 is a technological framework that aims to "improve the efficiency of all social systems," "create new industries," and "increase intellectual productivity." For the analysis, we used 19-year bibliographic data (2000-2018) from the top 20 countries in terms of the number of papers in AI, big data, and IoT technologies. As the results, this study classified the styles of cross-disciplinary fusion into four patterns in AI and three patterns in big data. This study did not consider the results in IoT because of only small differences between countries. Furthermore, regional differences in the style of cross-disciplinary fusion were also observed, and the global innovation patterns in Industry 4.0 were classified into seven categories. In Europe and North America, the cross-disciplinary integration style was similar to that between the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Italy, Canada, and France. In Asia, the cross-disciplinary fusion style was similar between China, Japan, and South Korea., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Whiplash injury is a common diagnosis and causes substantial economic burden. Numerous papers have been published to provide new insights into whiplash injury. However, so far there has not been a comprehensive analysis of the most influential publications on whiplash injury. This study aimed to determine the 100 most cited publications on whiplash injury and analyze their characteristics. A keyword search was conducted using the Web of Science database. The top 100 cited publications relevant to whiplash injury were gathered. The main characteristics including title, year of publication, citation, authorship, journal, country, institution, and topic were generated. The number of citations of the top 100 cited publications ranged from 82 to 777. Fifteen countries contributed the top 100 publications. Australia had the largest number of publications (26), followed by the United States (21), and Canada (12). The majority of the publications were from Europe (40) and North America (33). A total of 19 institutions and 17 authors published more than one publication. The University of Queensland (16) and the author Sterling M (7) had the leading publication record. This is the first citation analysis to identify and characterize the highest impact researches on whiplash injury. The present analysis provides the most influential studies on whiplash injury, and reveals the leading journals, counties, institutions, and authors with special contributions in this filed. The list may serve as an archive of historical development of whiplash injury and a basis for further research., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

The question of whether it is appropriate to attribute authorship to deceased individuals of original studies in the biomedical literature is contentious. Authorship guidelines utilized by journals do not provide a clear consensus framework that is binding on those in the field. To guide and inform the implementation of authorship frameworks it would be useful to understand the extent of the practice in the scientific literature, but studies that have systematically quantified the prevalence of this phenomenon in the biomedical literature have not been performed to date. To address this issue, we quantified the prevalence of publications by deceased authors in the biomedical literature from the period 1990-2020. We screened 2,601,457 peer-reviewed papers from the full text Europe PubMed Central database. We applied natural language processing, stringent filtering and manual curation to identify a final set of 1,439 deceased authors. We then determined these authors published a total of 38,907 papers over their careers with 5,477 published after death. The number of deceased publications has been growing rapidly, a 146-fold increase since the year 2000. This rate of increase was still significant when accounting for the growing total number of publications and pool of authors. We found that more than 50% of deceased author papers were first submitted after the death of the author and that over 60% of these papers failed to acknowledge the deceased authors status. Most deceased authors published less than 10 papers after death but a small pool of 30 authors published significantly more. A pool of 266 authors published more than 90% of their total publications after death. Our analysis indicates that the attribution of deceased authorship in the literature is not an occasional occurrence but a burgeoning trend. A consensus framework to address authorship by deceased scientists is warranted., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Aims: The geographic representation of investigators and participants in heart failure (HF) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may not reflect the global distribution of disease. We assessed the geographic diversity of RCT leaders and explored associations with geographic representation of enrolled participants among impactful HF RCTs., Methods and Results: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for HF RCTs published in journals with impact factor ≥ 10 between January 2000 and June 2020. We used the Jonckheere-Terpstra test to assess temporal trends and multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations between predictors and outcomes. There were 414 eligible RCTs. Only 80 of 828 trial leaders [9.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8-11.8%] and 453 of 4656 collaborators (9.7%; 95% CI: 8.8-10.6%) were from outside Europe and North America, with no change in temporal trends and with greater disparities in large RCTs. The adjusted odds of trial leadership outside Europe and North America were lower with industry funding [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.75; P = 0.008]. Among 157 416 participants for whom geography was reported, only 14.5% (95% CI: 14.3-14.7%) were enrolled outside Europe and North America, but odds of enrolment were 10-fold greater with trial leadership outside Europe and North America (aOR: 10.0; 95% CI: 5.6-19.0; P &lt; 0.001)., Conclusion: Regions disproportionately burdened with HF are under-represented in HF trial leadership, collaboration, and enrolment. RCT leadership outside Europe and North America is independently associated with participant enrolment in under-represented regions. Increasing research capacity outside Europe and North America could enhance trial diversity and generalizability., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

Modern literary history was born, together with the European nation states, in the early 19th century, encapsulating the emerging idea of literature as an articulation of the national mentality. In tandem with other national histories of art, politics, language, religion, culture and nature, literary history took part in the creation of a national identity, as did the literary texts it interpreted and canonized along a historical trajectory with the nation state as its teleological culmination. Literature and literary histories have always been a form of cultural intervention, not just texts. This is still the case, but in a modern transnational and globalized cultural environment, inherited historical paradigms are obsolete as scientific and didactic models. Nevertheless, they still play a dominant role in our educational institutions on all levels. This article discusses the resilience of the national paradigm, points to the institutional and conceptual obstacles for imposing alternative frameworks, but also exemplifies how new historiographical routes may be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent advances in craniofacial surgery have occurred in conjunction with a global proliferation of research. Although previous studies have examined geographic publication trends, little is known about these trends in the craniofacial literature., Methods: All craniofacial articles published from 2000 to 2020 in 3 premier craniofacial surgery journals were evaluated in 5-year increments. Geographic origin, manuscript type, and authorship characteristics were collected. Changes in publication output, geographic origin, and content were analyzed., Results: In total 3864 articles were analyzed, with the United States (U.S.) (33.46%) accounting for the majority, followed by Asia (27.04%), the Middle East (16.23%), and Europe (14.65%). The proportion of articles from the U.S. decreased significantly in the in the 20-year span (48.28% versus 33.53%, P < 0.001), whereas those originating from Asia and the Middle East increased significantly (18.62% versus 31.41% and 10.34% versus 15.66%, respectively, P < 0.001). After stratifying and selecting for regions with the greatest changes in publication output, the authors observed significant trends for the number of original investigations from 2000 to 2020 in the U.S. (Odds Ratio [OR] 1 versus 2.4, P < 0.001) and in Asia (OR 1 versus 1.8, P = 0.0052). Additionally, a significant trend in editorial/correspondence publications originating in the U.S. (OR 1 versus 0.74, P = 0.0102), Europe (OR 1 versus 0.38, P = 0.0186), and Asia (OR 1 versus 0.48, P = 0.0051) was observed., Conclusions: Despite rising craniofacial publications over the past 2 decades, there has been a diminishing proportion originating from the U.S., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The essay discusses an authorial loss of control over the interpretation of the satirical pamphlet "The Isle of Pines; or, A late Discovery of a fourth Island in Terra Australis Incognita," by Henry Neville. While intended as a satirical text concerning English government, publishers and translators were able to ascribe different meanings to the work and alter its reception in Continental Europe due to a lack of international copyright laws.

Background: Open Access (OA) to scientific information is an important step forward in communication patterns, yet we still need to reinforce OA principles to promote a cultural change of traditional publishing practices. The advantages of free access to scientific information are even more evident in public health where knowledge is directly associated with human wellbeing. Objectives: An OA 'consolidation' initiative in public health is presented to show how the involvement of people and institutions is fundamental to create awareness on OA and promote a cultural change. This initiative is developed within the project NEtwork of COllaboration Between Europe and Latin American Caribbean countries (NECOBELAC), financed by the European Commission. Methods: Three actions are envisaged: Capacity building through a flexible and sustainable training programme on scientific writing and OA publishing; creation of training tools based on semantic web technologies; development of a network of supporting institutions. Results: In 2010-2011, 23 training initiatives were performed involving 856 participants from 15 countries; topic maps on scientific publication and OA were produced; 195 institutions are included in the network. Conclusions: Cultural change in scientific dissemination practices is a long process requiring a flexible approach and strong commitment by all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the issues of the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (JEMS), and its predecessor, New Community, published during the period 1991–2010. Its main focus is on the changing geographical distribution of content, both for the ‘host’ countries of immigrants and the ‘sending’ countries of emigrants. Evidence is presented to show a shift away from a focus on the UK and Europe, with more material on other host-country contexts (North America, Australia); nevertheless, even at the end of the two-decade period, Europe still accounted for three-quarters of the host-country papers. A broadly similar pattern is evident when authors’ countries of institutional affiliation are tabulated. Concerning the geography of sending countries, we find a decline in articles on ‘traditional’ sending regions such as the Caribbean and South Asia, and a rise in the number of articles on the ‘newer’ sending regions—Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa and the Middle East. We also note a progressive feminisation of the authorship of JEMS articles: from two-thirds’ male authorship during the 1990s to parity by the end of the 2000s. The final part of the paper makes selective comparison, based on authors’ geographical affiliation, between published and rejected papers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the copyright law related to the protection of the works of authorship in European countries. It further discusses the concept of originality and creativity, civil law and common law traditions. It then discusses the primary and secondary sources, critical and scientific editions in the public domain. It also focuses on the harmonization of copyright law in national level.

The article offers the author's insights on issues related to the decision by Henrik Ibsen to left Norway in 1864. According to the author, Ibsen left his country and traveled to Europe due to the hostility or misinterpretation of his dramatic writings. The author mentions several works written by Ibsen after he returned in Norway in 1885 including "Ghosts," "A Doll's House," and "The Wild Duck." The author also relates on the development of Ibsen's writing during his travel abroad.

The article presents an online conversation between two poets, one who came from a family of conservative Jewish Baltic origin in Zimbabwe and the other is an associate professor of creative writing at Metropolitan State College of Denver in Colorado. The professor is very concerned about the growing right-wing anti-immigrant movements in Europe. It provides an overview of the novel "The Floating Castle" which was about the story of migration of a Jewish family over three generations.

L'articolo esamina per quale ragione Giovanni Gioviano Pontano (1429-1503) ha spiegato in termini di causalità astrologica l'origine della sua autorità poetica, con lo scopo di illustrare un elemento di continuità tra Medioevo e Umanesimo. I testi presi in esame sono il poema Urania (scritto nel 1475-1494; stampato nel 1505), il dialogo Actius (scritto nel 1495-1499; stampato nel 1507), il commento al Centiloquio pseudotolemaico (scritto nel 1477; stampato nel 1512) e il trattato De Rebus Coelestibus (scritto nel 1475-1495; stampato nel 1512). Si sostiene che l'approccio astrologico all'autorità poetica di Pontano deriva dalla sua interpretazione del primo aforisma del Centiloquio, e che questa scelta era dettata dal tentativo di mettere in questione la teoria del furor poetico di Marsilio Ficino, le cui opere stavano diventando sempre più diffuse nel contesto della Napoli Aragonese alla fine del Quattrocento. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Elias Canetti's mapping of his biography and intellectual development on to a network of cities across Europe and beyond. It interrogates the tension between his assertion of the clear personal significance of certain cities and a fundamental ambiguity that characterizes his recounted engagements with, and retreats from, the potentially overwhelming intensity of modern urban experience. The terms in which cities are described — from Rustchuk to Marrakech, from London to Vienna, from Zurich to Berlin, and so on — are negotiated within an idiosyncratic economy of meaning. Throughout Canetti's non-fictional writings, their significance is repeatedly contested between extremes: between personal and historical association, between the intellect and the senses, between divine and demonic connotation, between the potentials of creativity and destruction, and between narratives of loss and those of personal redemption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's perspectives on the work of Greek historian Polybius in relation to the Ebro Treaty and the Gallic Invasion in 225 B.C.E. in Europe. It primarily explores how Polybius acknowledged the occurrence of the Gallic invasion with Demetrius and the factors that led Rome to sign the Ebro treaty. It also accounts the influence on the works of Polybius on his understanding of Roman policy in the year 220s.

An interview with Argentine author Martín Kohan is presented on the topic of the relationship between literature and history. He discusses how he first began to publish his works in Europe, despite writing on topics that were specifically Argentine, such as the military dictatorship, the Falkland Island War, and local soccer. Kohan is questioned on the the role of women and their feelings in his works and concludes with a description of several of his novels that are to be published.

The series of Creighton memorial lectures, delivered annually since 1907, reflects changing interests and priorities within British historiography. This centenary address seeks to illustrate attitudes to the history of Europe as revealed especially in the lectures, but also in the context of the development of the historical profession in this country as a whole. Many of the issues raised were already adumbrated in the work of Mandell Creighton himself. How far was Britain a part of Europe for historiographical purposes? Did a British perspective involve any particular presuppositions or yield particular insights? And in what ways did the study of individual foreign countries interplay with attitudes to Britain, and to the Continent as a whole? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]