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Names are an important part of the intangible cultural heritage that our language represents and placenames are an important source for many subjects such as language research, geography, history, archaeology etc. Therefore, it is an important task to provide knowledge about place-names in a form that can be used widely. This knowledge can be found in the book series Danmarks Stednavne ('Place-Names of Denmark'), and in 2022, it is one hundred years since the first volume of the series was published. In this article, we present the editorial history of the series and describe the process in the development of the volumes, each standing on the shoulders of its predecessors. The series' chosen form of production based on a land-registration system, which today can be considered obsolete, is explained, along with the variation regarding which classes of place-names have been treated in each volume and the varying inclusion of settlement-historical presentations based on the place-name evidence. While such issues have changed, the series has upheld a consistent focus on listing historical forms of the place-names and interpreting their etymology. The presentation of the publishing process and changed editorial principles in the course of time are rounded off with the current editorial plans for the future of Danmarks Stednavne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacies in Europe have undergone considerable changes in their regulation over the last decades, also regarding nonprescription medicines (NPMs). In 2001, selected NPMs were released for sale outside pharmacies in Denmark. To ensure consumer safety, it was decided that NPMs must be stored behind the counter. In 2018, an amending act came into force, which allowed self-selection of NPMs. The purpose of this study was to examine the rationales and related arguments, including their validity and relevance, behind the policy on self-selection of NPMs in Denmark. Methods: A qualitative study design, combining document analysis and individual interviews with key stakeholders, was used. Legislative documents were retrieved from the Parliaments' homepage. Interviewees were recruited through purposeful sampling. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis. Rationales and supporting arguments were identified, thematized and analyzed as to their validity and relevance. Results: In total, 24 stakeholders (including political parties) were represented in the documents, whereof 7 were interviewed. Ten supported the new policy and 13 were against; 1 was on both sides. Six rationales and 9 supportive arguments were found. The advocates' main rationale was increased accessibility and arguments related to freedom of choice and discretion. The opponents' main rationale for not adopting the policy was consumer safety and arguments related to perception of NPMs and counseling. The validity and relevance were questionable in both advocates' and opponents' arguments, yet slightly better in the case of the opponents'. Although not mentioned in the documents, economic interests were probably behind some stakeholders' position. Conclusion: The formal rationale behind the adoption of self-selection of NPMs was increased accessibility. However, bearing in mind the rationales and their supporting arguments, economic interests and previous changes within the sector, it could be argued that an underlying rationale behind adopting the policy was to liberalize the Danish pharmacy sector even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Cardioprotective medication use is an important secondary preventive treatment after cardiovascular events. Patients with schizophrenia have excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but no studies have investigated whether taking recommended cardioprotective medication can reduce this excess mortality.Objective: To assess the association of exposure to secondary cardiovascular treatment with all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction among patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population.Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationwide cohort study included individuals admitted with first-time myocardial infarction in Denmark from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2015. The cohort was dichotomously divided by a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data on the prescription of guideline-recommended cardioprotective medication, including antithrombotics, β-blockers, vitamin K antagonist, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins, were obtained from the nationwide registries.Exposures: Time exposed to cardioprotective medication.Main Outcomes and Measure: Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for the association between treatment exposure and all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction between patients with and without schizophrenia.Results: The cohort included 105 018 patients with myocardial infarction, including 684 patients with schizophrenia (0.7%; 483 male [70.6%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 57.3 [10.6] years) and 104 334 general population patients (99.3%; 73 454 male [70.4%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 61.0 [10.6] years), with a total follow-up of 796 435 person-years and 28 059 deaths. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who did not receive cardioprotective treatment had the highest mortality rate (HR, 8.78; 95% CI, 4.37-17.64) compared with the general population treated, with treated patients diagnosed with schizophrenia having an increased HR of 1.97 (95% CI, 1.25-3.10). The analyses of the associations of different cardiac therapy strategies with mortality rates revealed that patients with schizophrenia who were treated with any combination of triple therapy had mortality rates similar to those observed in the general population (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.43-2.52) in the multivariable analysis.Conclusions and Relevance: Cardioprotective medication after myocardial infarction should be carefully managed to improve prognosis. The study results suggest that some of the increased cardiac mortality among patients with schizophrenia can be reduced if these patients are efficiently administered combinations of secondary preventive treatments after cardiac events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the clinical and procedural coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) treatment results in a Nordic PCI centre during the implementation of a CTO treatment program.Design: In a retrospective registry study, we assessed; (1) indication for the procedure, (2) Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina pectoris score (CCS)/New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure score, (3) lesion complexity and (4) adverse events during hospital stay and three months following the index procedure.Results: The study cohort included 503 patients (594 lesions). From 2010 to 2013 96% of procedures were performed with antegrade wire-escalation technique and 4% performed using retrograde techniques, from 2013-2016 the corresponding numbers were 83% and 17.0%. The procedural success rate was 69%, increasing from 64% before to 72% (p = .06) after routinely using the retrograde approach. No individual patient characteristic, lesion variable or score was strongly associated with procedural success or failure. There were 4% serious procedure related complications. In patients with PCI of a CTO lesion only, 87% were in CCS or NYHA functional class ≥2 before the index procedure vs. 22% at follow-up.Conclusions: Routine use of retrograde techniques tended to increase the procedural success rate. Clinical results after three months were acceptable, but the complication rate was higher than for non-CTO PCI. Individual patient and lesion characteristics had a low predictability for procedural success. Therefore, clinical symptoms, objective signs of myocardial ischemia and procedural risk should be focus points in coronary chronic total occlusion treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented which discusses open access rights to fishing grounds in Denmark. It focuses on the relationship between the rights of a fisherman to set up eel traps and the property rights of coastal land owners. It proposes that the Danish government set up a tax wherein the land owner, fisherman, and government all receive parts of the fishing profit. Also included is an exploration of the overfishing, labor waste, and the economic concept of the law of diminishing returns.

Background: Anterolateral myocardial infarction (MI) is traditionally defined on the electrocardiogram by ST-elevation (STE) in I, aVL, and the precordial leads. Traditional literature holds STE in lead aVL to be associated with occlusion proximal to the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. However, concomitant ischemia of the inferior myocardium may theoretically lead to attenuation of STE in aVL. We compared segmental distribution of myocardial area at risk (MaR) in patients with and without STE in aVL.Methods: We identified patients in the MITOCARE study presenting with a first acute MI and new STE in two contiguous anterior leads from V1 to V6 , with or without aVL STE. Patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 3-5 days after acute infarction for quantitative assessment of MaR.Results: A total of 32 patients met inclusion criteria; 13 patients with and 19 without STE in lead aVL. MaR > 20% at the basal anterior segment was seen in 54% of patients with aVL STE, and 11% of those without (p = 0.011). MaR > 20% at the apical inferior segment was seen in 62% and 95% of patients with and without aVL STE, respectively (p = 0.029). The total MaR was not different between groups (44% ± 10% and 39% ± 8.3% respectively, p = 0.15).Conclusion: Patients with anterior STEMI and concomitant STE in aVL have less MaR in the apical inferior segment and more MaR in the basal anterior segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischemic heart disease increases mortality in patients with schizophrenia. This nationwide study explored short-term and long-term mortality rates in patients with schizophrenia experiencing myocardial infarction (MI) compared to controls from the general population experiencing MI, as well as patients with schizophrenia and people from the general population not experiencing MI.Method: A Danish nationwide cohort study including incident patients diagnosed with schizophrenia between 1980 and 2015, matched 1:5 on year of birth and gender to controls from the general population. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Data were analysed utilizing Cox regression models, Kaplan-Meier estimates and standardized mortality ratios (SMR).Results: Patients with schizophrenia experiencing MI had an increased mortality rate (Hazard rate ratio (HR) 9.94, 95%CI(8.71-11.35)), as well as schizophrenia controls (HR 4.50, 95%CI(4.36-4.64)) and MI controls (HR 3.27, 95%CI(3.03-3.52)) with controls not experiencing MI serving as reference in a model adjusted for age at entry, gender and calendar year. No difference in 30-day mortality was observed between groups experiencing MI, but increased mortality rates were shown in patients with schizophrenia at 1-year and 5-year follow-up. Trends in SMR declined in MI controls, while patients with schizophrenia showed an unchanged SMR over time.Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia have not experienced a decline in mortality rate following MI compared to the general population in long-term follow-up. This finding highlights the need for research in MI follow-up care for patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Being diagnosed with schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of schizophrenia on all-cause mortality, reinfarction and stroke rates following ACS. The length of hospital stay following admission for ACS and prevalence of cardiac risk factors are also investigated. Methods: Data from three nationwide databases in Denmark were used in this study, including; The Danish Civil Registration System, the National Patient register and the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Patients diagnosed with a first ACS (unstable angina ICD-10 I20.0, NSTEMI ICD-10 I21.4 and STEMI ICD-10 I21.0-I21.3) between 2000-2014 were identified and categorized for an additional diagnosis of schizophrenia ICD-10 F20. The patients were matched 1:2 to a psychiatric healthy control (PHC) population on gender, age and year of first ACS diagnosis. The cardiac risk factors investigated were anemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2) and hyperlipidemia. Results: A total of 1,383 patients diagnosed with any ACS were analyzed (schizophrenia = 461, PHC = 922). The mean age at the time of ACS diagnosis was 61.7 years and 69.0% were males. Having schizophrenia was associated with post-ACS all-cause mortality hazard ratios (HR) of 2.70 (CI 95%: 2.24-3.24) and post-ACS stroke HR of 1.77 (CI 95%: 1.11-2.82). No difference was found in the reinfarction rates between the populations. The length of hospital stays fluctuated from a lowest mean of 7.7 days (CI 95%: 5.4-10.0) to a highest mean of 9.7 days (CI 95%: 5.14-14.2). However, none of the comparisons on LoS resulted in statistically significant differences. Patients with schizophrenia were more likely to have anemia and there were no differences in prevalence of the remaining cardiac risk factors investigated. Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia had increased all-cause mortality and stroke rates following ACS. However, no difference was found in the length of hospital stay between the populations. The only cardiac risk factor with a higher prevalence in the population with schizophrenia was anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]