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Purpose: Professional Identity Formation is the dynamic evolution to "think, act and feel" to become part of a professional community. This document presents the development and the study that aimed to assess the usability of a m-Learning Identity App (MLIA) focused on the formation of professional identity among undergraduate medical students. Design/methodology/approach: MLIA development included four phases: Conceptual, prototype, pilot and implementation, before further deployment. The conceptual model was designed by eight faculty members from three Latin American universities. The prototype was developed and tested with stakeholders. The pilot was performed during 5 weeks before the implementation. Cross-sectional data collected during implementation from 138 medical students who completed a survey to assess the usability of MLIA are presented. During deployment, 977 posts were made on Professional Identity Formation, and examples of these posts are presented. Findings: The prototype and pilot phases demanded improvements. The survey explored (1) Familiarity, (2) Perceived ease of use, (3) Perceived usefulness for Professional Identity Formation, (4) Satisfaction, (5) Intention to reuse (6) Digital aesthetics and (7) Safety. Results from the usability assessment suggest that students perceived MLIA as a secure space with positive aesthetics and ease of use. Research limitations/implications: Important limitations of the present study include, firstly, that it does not provide information on the effectiveness of the MLIA in shaping professional identity in medical students, it focuses exclusively on its development (conceptual model, prototype, pilot and implementation) and usability. Secondly, the study design did not consider a control group and, therefore, does not provide information on how the App compares with other strategies addressing self-reflection and sharing of meaningful experiences related to professional identity. Originality/value: MLIA introduces a different approach to education, simulating a secure, easy-to-use, social media with a friendly interface in a safe environment to share academic and motivational moments, transitioning from being to becoming a professional.

Introduction: The objective of this work is to present the results of the adaptation and validation process of the Motivated Scale Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) in university students in Colombia. Method: The research is framed in the so-called instrumental studies, which seek to adapt, validate and analyze the psychometric properties of an instrument. The adapted and validated version is called the Learning Motivation Questionnaire (CMA). The data was obtained from a convenience sample of 2,067 students from all over the country for the exploratory phase and 660 students for the confirmatory phase. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. For this, SPSS version 25 and AMOS version 24 software were used. The statistical techniques used to determine the confirmatory validity of the instrument are structural equations (SEM). The process developed in each phase of the investigation and the final SEM model, represented in a Path diagram, are presented. In addition, the convergent and discriminant validity analysis was carried out, based on the Composite Reliability (CR), Cronbach's Alpha and the Omega Coefficient, average variance extracted (AVE), and a predictive validity analysis. Results: The result is a 19-item instrument, divided into five subscales, with a goodness-of-fit model, adequate to the thresholds proposed by the theory, where the Learning Control Beliefs (CCA) dimension was eliminated from the model in the process of analysis. factorial analysis. The new questionnaire is valid and reliable; presents low prediction of academic performance Discussion and Conclusions: The questionnaire, adapted and validated, provides information to those who can use MSLQ in the country to understand the results of their investigations. In addition, it offers the international community new empirical evidence on the psychometric properties of the MSLQ Motivation Scale.

The main objective of this study was to identify 6th to 11th grade students' beliefs about their English class in a public institution in Armenia, Colombia. By means of interviews, drawings, and focus groups with 30 students, four beliefs were established. It was found that students' beliefs are attached to the experiences they have lived in their English class; the discipline, the monotony, the lack of interesting material, and the impact of foreign language learning are the main related aspects. Implications and recommendations for further research are proposed based on the necessity of giving students a voice in the development of current national policies of language learning and also in the debate about the effectiveness of these policies and their impact inside schools.

Aim/Purpose: This study aimed at recognizing and analyzing the trends of ICT use (hardware, software, and digital educational resources) by higher education professors in the Antioquia region (Colombia), and characterizing this population according to their context. Background: The inexorable growth of ICT and the convergence of networks have produced great changes in human culture, and particularly in the educational environment. As a result, the development of appropriate technological competencies and the study of the trends of ICT use to meet this requirement become necessary. Methodology: The study follows a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental and correlational design. The sample consisted of 97 professors from different universities of the Antioquia region (Colombia), age between 21 and 60 years old, selected in a non-aleatory way, to fill in an online survey. Contribution: A contribution is the identification and characterizing of an active population in higher education and the trends in use of digital resources in the classroom from the professors' perception that allows recognizing the pedagogical potential of these resources to enrich the process of social and educational appropriation of ICT in higher education institutions (HEI). Findings: Findings show the level of use (low and high) of ICT (hardware, software, and digital educational resources) by university professors, identifying those that still maintain a predominant use (e.g., desktop PC); those that are innovative (e.g., laptop, smartphone), and those that appear with low frequency (e.g., apps, digital blackboard, clickers). These results show some factors that may influence the development of these trends, such as technological infrastructure, HEI support, teachers' training, the accessibility and availability of resources, and preference for digital open resources. Recommendations for Practitioners: According to the results, universities should provide technological resources and suitable connectivity necessary for educational innovation to professors. Besides, it is suggested to strengthen the pedagogical use of ICT by training according to the trends of use and professors' competency levels. Recommendation for Researchers: This study made evident professors' great preference of using storage, display, and sound devices, among them the desktop PC and the laptop continue being the key tools to boost the educational process, in contrast to the low use of tools to detect plagiarism, social networks, and apps to boost activities with emergent technologies. Considering the potential and richness these tools may offer in the educational processes, it should be interesting to carry out studies on factors or motivations that influence the little inclination to use them. Impact on Society: The analysis of the trends of ICT use from the perspective of university professors about hardware, software, and digital educational resources may suggest greater attention to the permanent training to take advantage of the pedagogical and technological potential of these tools. Future Research: This study allows thinking of other ways and lines of research that are the base to develop future proposals exploring the reality of new generations of professors. It also could be the base to carry out comparative studies in other regional contexts, which permit to compare, contrast and enrich professors' diversity. On the other hand, this research also shows the importance of carrying out mixed studies that offer a greater level of comprehension, analysis, and reflection about the target population and the trends of use of ICT.

Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) is the most limiting disease in this crop. The phytosanitary emergency caused by FWB since 2019 in Colombia has required the development of ecofriendly control methods. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of microbial-based biofungicides against FWB caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc R1) and correlate such effect with plant physiological parameters. Five Trichoderma (T1 to T4 and T9) and four Bacillus (T5 to T8)-based biofungicides were evaluated in pot experiments. In vitro, dual confrontation tests were also carried out to test whether the in vitro effects on Foc growth were consistent with the in vivo effects. While Trichoderma-based T3, T4, and T9, and Bacillus-based T8, significantly reduced the growth of Foc R1 in vitro, Trichoderma-based T1, T3, T4, and T9 temporarily reduced the Foc population in the soil. However, the incidence progress of FWB was significantly reduced by Bacterial-based T7 (74% efficacy) and Trichoderma-based T2 (50% efficacy). The molecular analysis showed that T7 prevented the inner tissue colonization by Foc R1 in 80% of inoculated plants. The T2, T4, T7, and T9 treatments mitigated the negative effects caused by Foc R1 on plant physiology and growth. Our data allowed us to identify three promising treatments to control FWB, reducing the progress of the disease, delaying the colonization of inner tissue, and mitigating physiological damages. Further studies should be addressed to determine the modes of action of the biocontrol agents against Foc and validate the utilization in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Dehydration and hyperhydration impact athletes' performance. Exploring the fluid balance concerning body composition might help estimate individual hydration requirements. This area of research, particularly regarding sodium losses, has been relatively understudied. We evaluated the sweat rate (SR), sweat sodium losses, and their relationship with body composition in professional soccer players in Cali, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male players, aged 24.3 (±5.2) years, from the Colombian main soccer league, underwent high-intensity training at 32 °C (with a relative humidity of 79%). The outcome variables included SR, calculated using weight loss and fluid intake; forearm sweat sodium concentration (FSCC), measured through the direct ion-selective electrode method; and estimated the predicted whole sweat sodium loss (PWSSL) in mmol. Predictor variables (body mass, fat, and muscle masses) were estimated using the Deborah Kerr anthropometry method. The association between predictors and outcomes was assessed using linear regression. Results: The mean FSCC, PWSSL, and SR were 26.7 ± 11.3 mmol/L, 43 ± 15.9 mmol/L, and 1.7 ± 0.5 L/h, respectively. Body mass positively predicted FSCC in unadjusted and age/fat-mass-adjusted models [Beta 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–2.18, p = 0.006], and continued related to FSCC after adjustment for muscle mass with marginal significance [Beta 0.85, 95% CI −0.02 to 1.73, p = 0.056]. Muscle mass was associated with the PWSSL in unadjusted and age/fat-mass-adjusted models [Beta 2.42, 95% CI 0.58–4.26, p = 0.012] and sustained an association with marginal statistical significance after adjustment for body mass [Beta 1.86, 95% CI −0.35 to 4.09, p = 0.097]. Conclusions: Under hot tropical weather conditions, FSCC was relatively low among the players. Body mass was better associated with the FSSC, and muscle mass better related to the PWSSL. Body and muscle masses could be regarded as potential factors to be explored in the estimation of individual sodium needs. However, further studies are required to validate and contrast our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Juan de Acosta, Atlántico, a city located on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, is home to the world's second-largest HD pedigree. Here, we include 291 descendants of this pedigree with at least one family member with HD. Blood samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. We quantified the HTT CAG expansion using an amplicon sequencing protocol. The genetic heterogeneity was measured as the ratio of the mosaicism allele's read peak and the slippage ratio of the allele's read peak from our sequence data. The statistical and bioinformatic analyses were performed with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. We found that the average HTT CAG repeat length in all participants was 21.91 (SD = 8.92). Of the 291 participants, 33 (11.3%, 18 females) had a positive molecular diagnosis for HD. Most affected individuals were adults, and the most common primary and secondary alleles were 17/7 (CAG/CCG) and 17/10 (CAG/CCG), respectively. The mosaicism increased with age in the participants with HD, while the slippage analyses revealed differences by the HD allele type only for the secondary allele. The slippage tended to increase with the HTT CAG repeat length in the participants with HD, but the increase was not statistically significant. This study analyzed the genetic and molecular features of 291 participants, including 33 with HD. We found that the mosaicism increased with age in the participants with HD, particularly for the secondary allele. The most common haplotype was 17/7_17/10. The slippage for the secondary allele varied by the HD allele type, but there was no significant difference in the slippage by sex. Our findings offer valuable insights into HD and could have implications for future research and clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia is a biodiverse country with 1,486 protected areas covering almost 50 million hectares, yet little is known about the biodiversity they harbor, particularly in terms of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones). This study provides a comprehensive updated summary of the armored harvestmen (Laniatores) species found in Colombia with a list of 173 nominal species, focusing on the Laniatores fauna found in protected areas and its diversity is detailed and analyzed. Maps with all records associated with ecoregions and protected areas in Colombia are presented. Additionally, three new Laniatores species are described here: Phalangodus andresi sp. nov. from the department of Cundinamarca, and Ventrifurca phallaina sp. nov. and Ampycella fortunata sp. nov. from the department of Valle del Cauca; and a new family assignment is proposed for Paraphalangodus Roewer, 1915, placing it in the family Nomoclastidae. Information available on Laniatores in the National System of Protected Areas is still scarce and promoting strategies to facilitate the regulatory procedures for collecting specimens in these areas and increasing investment in basic science projects, are suggested to improve the understanding and study of the Laniatores fauna and other invertebrates in Colombia. Finally, a chronicle and timeline set of figures of species of Laniatores from Colombia, described by various authors during three periods, is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few cases of insects as parasites of the Order Opiliones have been recorded so far, most of them involving Diptera. Only three cases have been recorded of phorids as parasitoids of the harvestmen family Gonyleptidae. Seven first-time events of Phoridae immatures on harvestmen (Cranaidae) are reported here. The cases describe puparia of Phoridae on adults of five Andean species from Colombia and Ecuador, belonging to Bucayana Mello-Leitão, 1942, Neocranaus Roewer, 1913, Phareicranaus Roewer, 1913 and Ventrivomer Roewer, 1913 (all cranaid genera). Two distribution patterns of the puparia on the harvestmen's body were observed and described. Our data could suggest that the flies herein studied have specificity in their host choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. identify the presence of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in poultry farms and backyard chickens from Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and Methods. Blood and feather samples were taken from laying chickens; in each farm, three birds of six different ages (1, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old) were chosen randomly. Backyard chicken samples were also obtained near the research farms. We used serology and molecular techniques to analyze the samples. Results. By PCR, the 84% of the birds were positive in whole blood and 66% were positive in feather samples. The 60% 2/12 Rev MVZ Córdoba. 2023. Mayo-Agosto; 28(2):e2835 https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.2835Folleco-Villarreal et al - El virus de la anemia infecciosa aviar en Colombia of backyard chickens tested were positive in blood and 40% in feather follicle. By serology, the 22% of the poultry farm birds presented high antibody titers and 19% moderate antibody titers. In the backyard chickens, 43% of them presented high antibody titers and 29% moderate antibody titers. In addition, results from the RFLP test and sequencing showed that the circulating virus found in this study was different from the Cux-1 vaccine strain used in Colombia. Conclusions. CAV is present in Colombia in both commercial and backyard chickens. According to the findings, a high percentage of the birds tested positive for viral detection, whereas the number of birds that tested positive for antibodies was low. Thus, the characteristics of the circulating virus need to be determined to explain the antibody response observed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Propiedad Inmaterial is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Centro de Estudios de la Propriedad Intelectual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Psychology & Education / Revista de Psicología y Educación is the property of Revista de Psicologia de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To describe clinical characteristics and effectiveness of health care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as part of a multidisciplinary care model (MCM) in a specialized rheumatology center, compared with the results of a national registry of RA (NARRA) as evidence of real-world management. Patients and Methods: We conducted a real-world study (July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019) based on an analysis of electronic health records of a cohort of RA patients managed with the "Treat-to-Target" strategy in a specialized rheumatology center in Colombia with an MCM, compared with the NARRA that includes different models of usual care. Results: We have analyzed 7053 subjects with RA treated at a specialized rheumatology center and 81,492 patients from the NARRA. Cohorts were similar in their baseline characteristics, with women in predominance and diagnosis age close to 50 years. At the time of diagnosis, a higher proportion of clinical diagnostic test use and rheumatology consultation access was observed in the specialized rheumatology center than in the national registry (4– 6 per year versus three or less). In addition, higher proportions of patients in remission and low disease activity were reported for the specialized rheumatology center, with a > 40% amount of data lost in the national registry. Pharmacological management was similar regarding the analgesic use. In the specialized center, Certolizumab was more frequently used than in the NARRA registry; also, there were significant differences in methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine use, being higher in the specialized rheumatology center. Conclusion: The MCM of a specialized center in RA can guarantee comprehensive care, with better access to all the services required to manage the disease. It ensures specialist management and evidence-based care that facilitates the achievement of therapeutic objectives. In addition, better patient records and follow-ups are available to evaluate health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fortia, gen. nov., a new genus of Stygnidae with two new Colombian species, is diagnosed and described. Two possibly sympatric species Fortia jedi, sp. nov., and Fortia sith, sp. nov. (both from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia), are described and illustrated. Relationships of the new genus are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology is the property of Editorial of the University of Almeria (Spain) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Isla Grande (Archipelago of Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Colombia) has several peculiarities that justify its investigation. Its environmental wealth and coral, reefs stand out, which is why it has been considered one of the most important national natural parks in the Colombian Caribbean. To this is added that its inhabitants are Afro-descendants and that the ownership of the territory is collective. This entails a particular autonomous local organization process to establish a territorial management and local development model. Tourism has become an opportunity, but it also constitutes a threat to the natural environment. In this way, it has been wanted to plan and manage this activity on the basis of ecotourism and ethnomarketing. In this research there is a commitment from the University of Cartagena de Indias with the environmental sustainability of this unique territory. It has worked with surveys and interviews with natives, tourists and businessmen. Direct observation and participatory workshops have also been important to understand and diagnose tourist activity. This has allowed, among other investigations, to formulate a marketing plan in which the island's ecotourism potential, the ancestral knowledge of the natives, among other aspects, is promoted and made known, and to contribute hand in hand with the actors premises with their environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the most recently published morphological cladistic analysis of the family Agoristenidae, the taxonomic position of an undescribed harvestman species was evaluated. According to the results of an updated phylogenetic analysis, the description of a new monotypic genus is proposed to accommodate this new species. The diagnostic characters of the new genus are: free tergites II and III with three large tubercles, and femora and tibiae of legs II–IV with longitudinal rows of conspicuous tubercles. Muscopilio onod gen. et sp. nov. inhabits Andean rainforests in Cundinamarca department, Central Colombia. Remarkably, almost all individuals collected in the field had at least three families of bryophytes, including mosses (Leucomiaceae) and liverworts (Plagiochilaceae, Lejeuneaceae), growing on their legs, and suggesting a mutualistic relationship between epizoic organisms and harvestmen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Leptostygnus Mello–Leitão, 1940, Leptostygnus yarigui sp. nov. from Colombia (Santander department) is described and illustrated. Photographs of Leptostygnus leptochirus Mello-Leitão, 1940 (type species of the genus) and L. marchantiarum (González-Sponga, 1987), a map with geographical distribution and a key to the species of the genus are given. The first SEM images of a penis of a Leiosteninae member are shown with comments about the genital morphology in the subfamily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Policing—order-making practices to discipline society and tackle crime—goes beyond the typical work of constabulary forces. There is a plurality of policing actors, rationales, and interests within a larger security assemblage, and multiple configurations of those elements according to specific contexts. This paper presents the phenomenon of batidas militares—military raids with the purpose of enforced conscription—carried out by the Colombian army as an informal policing practice. Through a combination of spatial analysis and fieldwork, including interviews with policing operators and young people involved in documented cases, I explain how the systematic execution of batidas created invisible, yet identifiable, urban borders, and how batidas operated as complementary preemptive security devices imposing a militarist order on the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the effectiveness of laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) surgery, no case series details the use and advantages of laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) without use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) failure. Therefore, we present a case series regarding our success with LCBDE in managing CBD stones (CBDSs) using laparoscopic technique without IOC. Materials and Methods: We performed a descriptive retrospective observational study. Patients with CBDSs, alone or along with gallbladder stones, were treated through LCBDE with primary CBD closure after failed ERCP. Results: All patients underwent LCBDE with choledocotomy and primary duct closure. Patients with gallbladder stones underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (78%). All procedures were successful, and no conversions occurred. Surgery duration averaged 106 minutes. Intraoperative bleeding averaged 15 cc, and no mortalities occurred. No patients required additional surgery or intensive care unit admission. Hospitalization duration averaged 5 days. Conclusions: Therefore, a laparoscopic approach with primary CBD closure after failed ERCP for complex CBDSs is safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring trends in the extinction risk of species is important for tracking conservation effectiveness. The Red List index (RLI) reflects changes in aggregate extinction risk for sets of species over time (a value of zero means that all species are extinct, a value of one means that all species are categorized as Least Concern). We calculated the first national RLI for birds in Colombia for the period 2002–2016, and disaggregated indices by ecosystems, regions, and species groups. Overall, the status of birds in Colombia has moderately deteriorated during 2002–2016, declining by 0.0000714% per year (the global RLI for birds declined by 0.0297% per year). High Andean forest, paramo, and freshwater are the ecosystems in worst condition. The two regions with the greatest avian diversity contrasted: the Andes has the lowest RLI, and the Amazon the highest. Among species groups, gamebirds, parrots, large frugivores, and forest raptors are the most threatened. Habitat loss from expansion of illicit crops and population declines from hunting were the most important threats. Agricultural expansion, invasive alien animal species, illegal logging and illegal mining are significant threats for some species. Tracking species' extinction risk is important in a country with the highest bird species richness in the world, dynamic spatial patterns of habitat loss, and high levels of endemism. Recent developments provide reasons for both hope and despair. In 2016, a peace agreement ended 50 years of armed conflict. New opportunities for biodiversity conservation, local development based on bird-watching tourism, and advancement in scientific knowledge of birds now occur alongside dramatic increases in deforestation. These new conservation opportunities and challenges provide strong motivation to take advantage of the fact that the overall risk of extinction of birds in Colombia is still relatively low and stable. Effective action is urgently needed while there still is the opportunity to prevent extinctions and safeguard species, particularly those in higher risk categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Two new species of short-tailed whip-scorpions (schizomids),Calima emberasp. nov. andCalima nutabesp. nov. are described based upon collected material from the Natural Park Planes de San Rafael, Risaralda department, and the Natural Reserve El Romeral, Antioquia department, Colombia, increasing the number of known species for the genus to four; an identification key and a distribution map forCalimaspecies, are provided. The voluminous spermathecal lobes in females and the presence of a small dorsal eminence basal toDm4in the male flagellum of some species, could represent diagnostic characters forCalimaand are therefore included in its diagnosis. The microsetae of the male flagellum of Hubbardiinae, continues be excluded from the setal homologies; we suggest that they must be taken into consideration in a future homology proposal.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1D3A97A4-29A6-46E2-AD78-EE6C7036D251 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2006, Colombia's constitutional court overturned a complete ban on abortion, liberalizing the procedure. Despite a relatively liberal new law, women still struggle to access safe and legal abortion services. We aimed to understand why women are denied services in Colombia, and what factors determine if and how they ultimately terminate pregnancies. Methods: We recruited women denied abortion at a private facility in Bogota. Twenty-one participants completed an initial interview and eight completed a second longer interview. Two researchers documented themes and developed and applied a codebook to transcripts using ATLAS.ti. Results: Participants faced barriers, such as lack of knowledge of service availability and delayed pregnancy recognition, leading to denial. Five out of eight participants ultimately received abortions in public hospitals, due to support from partners and a robust referral system; nevertheless, they received poor care. Those who continued pregnancies endured stigmatizing events and inaccurate medical counselling at referral facilities. Several women contemplated illegal abortion though were afraid to attempt it. Conclusion: We propose the following recommendations: 1) increase awareness about availability and legality of abortion services to prevent delay and consequent denial; 2) provide counseling and referral upon denial; and 3) train providers in interpersonal quality abortion care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the discussion about the international legal status of the "Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera" and the legal effects that such status would produce under constitutional law in Colombia. Thus, it analyses the scope of public international law sources with the aim of evaluate if the beforementioned Acuerdo complies with the requierements in order to be considered a legal source under public international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Handicrafts are emblematic symbols of a nation, for which their socio- cultural connotation is rooted to the traditional authentic knowledge and to the regional customs that both produce. This includes intangibles rights, which deserve to be legally protected, in order to facilitate their development as a true economic sector. In this framework, in Colombia, it is most common to protect these goods by using the Collective Trademark and Copyright. However, the appellations of origin not only are an ideal figure that brings protection to both, the handicrafts and their creators, but also promote the cultural identity of a country worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents critical questions for reflection and the major current discussions concerning the survival of one of the most important constitutional for public interest and human rights in Colombia: popular actions. After 13 years of Law 472 issued in 1998 and the results evidenced in the exercise citizen advocacy groups, Colombia is going through a legal situation aimed at dismantling the democratic achievement of different strategies through legislative, administrative and media. In this paper, the result of follow-up investigations developed by the Universidad del Rosario, are evidence of the regressive phase of collective rights and proposes alternatives to try to save an institution that by its historical roots are ancient and their future vision is postmodern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of CIVILIZAR: Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Universidad Sergio Arboleda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Colombia Medica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The GALIL rifle developed by the Israel Military Industries (IMI) is manufactured in Colombia, by the military industry (INDUMIL). This rifle is the standard for Colombian forces. The rifles have night sights that use Gaseous Tritium Light Sources (GTLS) that are imported. An important step for INDUMIL to obtain the required authorizations to handle this radioactive material is to determine the health risk, associated with the use of Tritium in GTLS. The study carried out follows the recommendations of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USA). The study concludes that the risk associated with storing and transporting sights between INDUMIL factories, fitting sights on rifles, using these rifles and discarding sights is very low. A future paper will deal with the risk in case of accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study regarding the implementation and design of the educational computing material based from the development of basic scientific field research for the students of Educational Chemistry Masters at Universidad Pedagógica Nacional in Colombia.

Copyright of Estudios Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Almost one fourth of the energy consumed in the U.S. comes from imported oil and only 6% is produced from renewable sources despite the fact that the U.S. is responsible for 20% of the global pollution with barely 4% of the world population. Biofuels are a promising source of renewable energy for the United States and the rest of the world, with favorable energy and environmental balances. If price conditions are adequate for the basic input producers, biofuels will have an important social impact, as well. Colombia has the possibility to participate in the national and international biofuel substitution markets for gasoline and diesel with ethanol and biodiesel, respectively. Oil Palm, Sugar Cane and Yuca, are the raw materials with the best potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors analyze from the recent thesis of the torts Law of the human rights, the doctrine of the jurisprudence of the Council of State in relation to the facts of the Palace of Justice, when the subversive group M-19 entered violently, taking like hostages to magistrates and employees, on the 6th and 7th of November, 1985, in Bogotá - Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]