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Modern timber structure buildings are green, low-carbon, and have strong environmental adaptability. In recent years, they have been continuously developing and have broad prospects. The history of timber structures in China's harsh and cold regions (hereinafter referred to as cold regions) is long, but the development of building systems is slow due to technological limitations. In this article, the timber structure buildings in Hulunbuir region were taken as the research object, the development history, structural forms, and selection of building materials of timber structure buildings under cold climate conditions in the region were explored, their construction characteristics and techniques were analyzed and summarized. The research results can provide guidance for the development of timber structure buildings in cold regions of China, which is conducive to the inheritance and protection of traditional skills. At the same time, theoretical and practical references were provided for the design of modern timber structure buildings in the new era, and the sustainable development of wooden structure buildings was promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bell tower of Nanking University, built in 1888, is a milestone of modern educational architecture in Nanjing. It fully introduced Western architectural concepts and is an important historical witness to the cultural exchange between China and the West. At present, there are few studies on the conservation and reuse of the building, so the authors conducted the project. In this paper, we conducted research by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative analysis includes analyses of historical maps, photos, text, surveys, mapping of buildings, and a comparative analysis. The quantitative analysis includes statistics on the distribution of the urban school architectural heritage, the number of buildings at Nanking University, and China's school building design standards. Through the historical research and value analysis of the building, we explore its real information from the aspects of architectural style, space, structure, material, and construction technology, and propose a reasonable conservation method. According to the current urban planning policy and architectural heritage data, the functional upgrading and renovation of the building will be carried out. This paper explores authenticity and integrity-based restoration methods, as well as the adaptive-reuse strategy for China's architectural heritage, which can provide a paradigm for regional development and historic campus renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Super-long span bridges demand high design requirements and involve many difficulties when constructed, which is an important indicator to reflect the bridge technical level of a country. Over the past three decades, a large percentage of the new long-span bridges around the world were built in China, and thus, abundant technological innovations and experience have been accumulated during the design and construction. This paper aims to review and summarize the design and construction practices of the superstructure, the substructure, and the steel deck paving of the long-span bridges during the past decades as well as the current operation status of the existing long-span bridges in China. A future perspective was given on the developing trend of high-speed railway bridge, bridge over deep-sea, health monitoring and maintenance, intellectualization, standard system, and information technology, which is expected to guide the development direction for the construction of future super long-span bridges and promote China to become a strong bridge construction country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liziping Tunnel is located in the southwestern mountainous area of China. The majority of the support structures in the tunnel have failed shortly after construction completion. The goals of this study are to reveal the failure cause of the given support structure, and to develop a quantitative analysis method to optimize scheme of support design. According to the parallel model, the deformation-load relation function of combined support structure (CSS) of anchor bolt-spray are derived from the bearing arch mechanism. Through numerical simulations, the ground reaction curve (GRC) of country rock is obtained, along with the longitudinal deformation profile (LDP) reflecting influences of both installed supports structure and construction technology. The stability factors of the installed support structure under various envisaged construction schemes are estimated by using the convergence-confinement method (CCM). The results indicate that it is possible to avoid the failure of the given support structure if the construction technology is slightly adjusted during construction. Derived from the above research, the empirical method based on the rock mass classification is expanded to be a quantitative analysis approach and can consider more contributing factors than ever, through embedding the convergence-confinement algorithm into the empirical design method of support scheme and with the help of simulation computation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional features of Chinese villages are facing a crisis of discontinuity. In the meantime, there exists a problem in architectural heritage conservation that while preservation and renovation is being done, local self-help construction still proceeds out of control. Nowadays, an increasing number of architects have noticed these phenomena and participate in the evolution of villages carrying various architectural practices in the countryside, which has certain influence at the place, whether during or after the construction. In many well-evaluated rural practice cases in the world, architects not only choose appropriate materials and crafts for natives, but also renew local traditions by offering skill training to craftsmen. However, in Chinese villages, similar practices do not seem to be that effective. Therefore, through field research and interviews, this article discusses the reasons that relatively successful architectural practices in Chinese villages fail to exert a positive influence to the inheriting and update of local traditions. These causes include the increase of information sources, the different aesthetic manner, the conception differences, the influence of constructors, and the instructor role that architects play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancement of urbanization in China, a huge amount of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are generated. Recycling CDW into subgrade materials is a promising way to process these wastes, with significant environmental and economic benefits. But very little work has been done in this field. Therefore, based on a CDW subgrade construction case in Beijing, the physical and chemical properties of the CDW materials were analyzed. Then the construction procedures of the CDW subgrade were presented, and a series of tests (compaction degree test, settlement observation, Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer test) were carried out. At the same time, the effects of different loose paving thicknesses, cycles of strong vibration on the subgrade performances were assayed. Subsequently, grading analysis of the CDW particles, plate load test and Beckman beam deflection test were performed to evaluate the construction quality. According to the test results, the construction technologies of the CDW subgrade, such as the optimum loose paving thicknesses and cycles of strong vibration, were determined. And then, the post-construction settlement monitor and radar survey were conducted for subgrades filled with CDW and soil to further analyze the applicability of CDW. The results show that recycled CDW aggregates with proper grading and strict construction technologies perform well. The subgrade filled with recycled CDW has a smaller deformation than that of the soil subgrade. Finally, the life cycle assessments (LCA) of two treating schemes of CDW were conducted to analyze the environmental benifits: recycling utilization as subgrade materials and directly landfilling. If the subgrade is filled with the recycled CDW aggregates, CDW will be consumed in large quantities and the environmental impactions of eutrophication and ecotoxicity can be reduced obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]