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Since 2021, China's promotion of common prosperity has captured global attention and sparked considerable debate. Yet, scholarly examination of the Chinese public's attitudes toward this policy, which is crucial for guiding China's strategic directions, remains limited. To address this gap, this paper collects 256,233 Sina Weibo posts from 2021 to 2023 and utilizes text mining methods such as temporal and trend analysis, keyword analysis, topic analysis, and sentiment analysis to investigate the attitudes and emotions of the Chinese people towards common prosperity. The posts holding negative sentiments are also analyzed, so as to uncover the underlying reasons for the dissatisfaction among Chinese citizens regarding common prosperity. Our analysis reveals that China's strategy for promoting common prosperity is primarily focused on economic development rather than wealth redistribution. Emphasis is placed on enhancing education, achieving regional balance, implementing market-oriented reforms, and improving livelihoods. Notably, there is increasing public dissatisfaction, particularly with issues such as irregularities in financial and real estate markets, growing wealth inequality, exploitation by capital, generation of illicit income, and regional development imbalances. These challenges necessitate urgent and effective policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to investigate bone metastasis induced by Notch signalling pathway dysregulation and to demonstrate that SPARC is a potential therapeutic target in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) with Notch dysregulation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 144 AdCC patients. RNA‐sequencing and enrichment analyses were performed using 32 AdCC samples. Osteonectin/SPARC and the Notch activation indicator Notch intracellular domain (NICD) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation and migration assays were conducted using stably NICD over‐expressing cells. The effect of SPARC on osteoclast differentiation in NICD cells was investigated using western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and resorption assays. Results: RNA‐sequencing analysis showed that genes down‐regulated in Notch‐mutant AdCCs, such as SPARC, were enriched in ossification and osteoblast differentiation. Most (75/110, 68.2%) Notch1‐wild‐type AdCCs showed SPARC over‐expression, whereas 30 out of 34 (88.2%) Notch1‐mutant tumours showed low SPARC expression. SPARC over‐expression was then found negatively to be correlated with NICD expression in 144 AdCCs. NICD over‐expression promoted cell growth, migration and osteoclast differentiation, which could be partly reversed by exogenous SPARC. Conclusions: Notch activation in AdCC contributes to bone metastasis through SPARC inhibition. The study results suggest that SPARC may represent a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China aims to peak carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Currently, 9% of China's CO 2 emissions come from the transportation sector. Transportation decarbonization is important for China to achieve carbon neutrality. By representing the transportation sector with nine segments and 20 modes in Global Change Analysis Model, this study explores China's transportation decarbonization and potential role of electricity and hydrogen at the segment-mode level under three illustrative scenarios – policy scenario (PS), 2060 carbon-neutrality scenario (CN60), and 2050 carbon-neutrality scenario (CN50). The PS reflects the continuation of current low-carbon policies and trends, while the CN60 and the CN50 represent China's pursuit of net-zero emissions before 2060 and 2050, respectively. Results in the PS show a gradual saturation of service demand and an increasingly efficient modal structure for China's future transportation. Compared to the PS, the two carbon neutrality scenarios specifically emphasize the importance of decarbonizing transportation fuel structure after 2030. In the CN60, China's transportation emissions peak in 2035 and fall to 0.36 GtCO 2 in 2050; electricity and hydrogen provide 43% and 12% of transportation energy in 2050, respectively. The CN50 features further penetration of low-carbon fuels to reduce transportation carbon intensity, with transportation emissions peaking in 2030 and declining to only 0.21 GtCO 2 in 2050. In 2050 of the CN50, the share of electricity and hydrogen in China's transportation energy increases to 53% and 16%, respectively, with near-zero emissions being achieved in urban, rural and business passenger segments, as well as in car and bus; hydrogen provides 17% and 26% of China's airplane and ship energy consumption, respectively. • A segment-mode analysis of China's transportation decarbonization is conducted. • Three scenarios inform transportation decarbonization effort for carbon neutrality. • Transportation emissions peak in 2030–2035 and fall to 0.21–0.36 GtCO 2 in 2050. • Car could be 94% electrified and achieve near-zero emissions in 2050. • Hydrogen could provide 17% and 26% of airplane and ship energy consumption in 2050. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general equilibrium trade model is constructed to study the issue of income redistribution between the state sector and the private sector induced by a tariff reduction in the transforming Chinese economy. The analysis is conducted in the presence of price control, tariff protection, and the coexistence of state and private sectors. It is shown that the way in which income levels of the two sectors are affected by the tariff reduction depends on (i) the way in which the price of nontradables is affected, (ii) the degree of privatization, and (iii) the extent of price control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for assessing the relative importance of price increases and strengthened individual incentives due to the introduction of the responsibility system for the post-1978 increase in China's agricultural productivity. Data on post-1978 Chinese agricultural performance suggest that a little over three-quarters of the measured productivity increase is due to payment system changes and the remainder to price increases. We also use our method to calculate incentive indices, giving an estimate of the fraction of their marginal product that peasants received under the pre-1978 regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The role of indirect network effects on EV penetration was investigated. • A three-stage sequential game theoretical model for EV diffusion was developed. • 40% subsidy can be saved with consideration of indirect network effects. • The subsidy trade-off strategy under phasing out EV subsidies was proposed. • Charging infrastructures subsidy can mitigate EV sales shrink caused by subsidy cuts. This study analyzes the indirect network effects between electric vehicle (EV) sales and EV charging infrastructure constructions with consideration of the phasing out EV subsidies in China. A three-level Stackelberg game model is proposed to analyze the interactions among the government, the charging infrastructures investors and EV consumers. The closed-form solutions for government subsidies, charging price, charging infrastructures quantity and EV market share are derived from the theoretical model. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the role of indirect network effects on EV penetration and government subsidies. The results show that ignoring indirect network effects can easily lead to an EV market failure and greatly increase the financial burden for EV penetration. While about 40% subsidy can be saved with consideration of indirect network effects. With phasing out EV subsidies, the government is suggested to shift the purchasing subsidy to the charging infrastructure subsidy. The subsidy strategy derived from the proposed model outperforms the other possible solutions in terms of social welfare maximization. A scenario analysis for the environmental impact of EVs shows that EV promotion should be coordinated with clean electricity generation development. The impact of energy price fluctuations on EV diffusion is also discussed, indicating that the gasoline price significantly influences EV adoption. Specifically, when the gasoline price increases from 3.8 USD/gal to 5.7 USD/gal and 7.6 USD/gal, the EV market share will increase by 25% and 42%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decarbonizing road transport is important for China to achieve carbon neutrality. Road transport decarbonization requires rapid deployment of new energy vehicles, especially electric vehicles, expanding demand for critical battery minerals including lithium, cobalt, and nickel. By constructing a novel bottom-up framework that combines Low Emissions Analysis Platform and Vehicle Critical Mineral Demand model, this study assesses China's road transport decarbonization pathways and critical battery mineral demand under three illustrative scenarios. Results show China's vehicle stock peaking at 528 million in 2045 and remaining saturated through 2060. Except for diesel-fueled trucks, China's internal combustion engine vehicles are completely phased out around 2050–2055. Share of oil-derived fuels in China's road transport energy declines, while share of electricity and hydrogen increases significantly, with electricity and hydrogen together accounting for 57–88% in 2060. China's road transport CO 2 peaks at 977–1,083 Mt in 2028–2032, declining to 62–282 Mt in 2060, with private vehicles, light- and heavy-duty trucks as core mitigation areas. Cumulative demand for lithium, cobalt, and nickel from electric-vehicle batteries is estimated at 16.1–19.6 Mt LCE, 0.4–0.55 Mt and 3.3–4.3 Mt by 2060, respectively, indicating a challenge for China's local mineral supply. Recycling reduces cumulative demand for primary lithium, cobalt, and nickel resources by over 30%, 60% and 60%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cadonilimab is a bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, which has shown substantial clinical benefits in advanced cervical cancer. In the COMPASSION-16 trial, we aimed to evaluate the addition of cadonilimab to first-line standard chemotherapy in persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer., Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, women aged 18-75 years across 59 clinical sites in China with previously untreated persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive cadonilimab (10 mg/kg) or placebo plus platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab every 3 weeks for six cycles, followed by maintenance therapy every 3 weeks for up to 2 years. Randomisation was performed centrally through an interactive web-response system. Stratification factors were the use of bevacizumab (yes or no) and previous concurrent chemoradiotherapy (yes or no). The dual primary outcomes were progression-free survival as assessed by blinded independent central review and overall survival in the full analysis set. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04982237; the study has completed enrolment and is ongoing for treatment and follow-up., Findings: 445 eligible women were enrolled between Sept 11, 2021, and June 23, 2022. Median progression-free survival was 12·7 months (95% CI 11·6-16·1) in the cadonilimab group and 8·1 months (7·7-9·6) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·62 [95% CI 0·49-0·80], p<0·0001); median overall survival was not reached (27·0 months to not estimable) versus 22·8 months (17·6-29·0), respectively (hazard ratio 0·64 [0·48-0·86], p=0·0011). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events were decreased neutrophil count, decreased white blood cell count, and anaemia., Interpretation: The addition of cadonilimab to first-line standard chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival with a manageable safety profile in participants with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. The data support the use of cadonilimab plus chemotherapy as an efficacious first-line therapy in persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer., Funding: Akeso Biopharma., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests TL, DLu, MHu, ZMW, BL, and MX are employees of Akeso Biopharma. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Background and Objectives: Danhong injection is the most commonly prescribed adjuvant drug applied for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. Ceftriaxone is usually prescribed along with Danhong injection to elderly patients with complications. However, the pharmacokinetic interactions between these two medications have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Danhong injection influences the pharmacokinetic profile of ceftriaxone in old rats when these two medications are used in combination., Methods: The animal experiment protocol was designed according to the clinical data. Ten-month-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were dosed with ceftriaxone through intravenous administration for 1 or 7 days in the presence or absence of Danhong injection. The combinations were divided into 1-day, 7-day, and 14-day combined-treatment groups in which Danhong injection was administered for 1, 7, or 14 days and ceftriaxone was given for 1, 7, or 7 days, respectively. The plasma concentration of ceftriaxone was determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS) on a BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.4% formic acid-water. The chromatographic method was validated and found to be simple, rapid, and stable., Results: Danhong injection significantly increased the plasma clearance of and decreased systemic exposure to ceftriaxone. In the 1-day combined-treatment group, the plasma clearance of ceftriaxone increased by 52.69%, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ceftriaxone was decreased by 32.54% (P < 0.01). In the 7-day combined-treatment group, the rate of plasma clearance increased by 52.49% and the area under the concentration-time curve decreased by 31.15% (P < 0.01). For the 14-day combined-treatment group, the plasma clearance of ceftriaxone increased by 26.73%, and the area under the concentration-time curve decreased by 21.44% (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: In old male rats, systemic exposure to ceftriaxone decreased when used concomitantly with Danhong injection, which may be because Danhong injection increased the plasma clearance of ceftriaxone. Further investigations should be carried out to clarify the mechanism for the influence of Danhong injection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone.