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This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in preventing myopia shift and myopia onset in premyopic children. A prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, and crossover trial was conducted over 13 months. Sixty premyopic children aged 6–12 years with cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) > − 0.75 D and ≤ + 0.50 D in both eyes were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one drop of 0.01% atropine or placebo once nightly for 6 months (period 1), followed by a 1-month recovery period. Then, the 0.01% atropine group was crossed over to the placebo group, and the latter was crossed over to the 0.01% atropine group for another 6 months (period 2). The primary outcomes were changes in SER and axial length (AL), and the secondary outcomes were the proportion of myopia onset (SER ≤ − 0.75D) and fast myopic shift (change in SER ≤ − 0.25D) in the two periods. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model performed a statistically significant treatment effect of 0.01% atropine compared with placebo (pSER = 0.02, pAL < 0.001), with a mean SER and AL difference of 0.20D (− 0.15 ± 0.26D vs. − 0.34 ± 0.34D) and 0.11 mm (0.17 ± 0.11 mm vs. 0.28 ± 0.14 mm) in period 1, and 0.17D (− 0.18 ± 0.24D vs. − 0.34 ± 0.31D) and 0.10 mm (0.15 ± 0.15 mm vs. 0.24 ± 0.11 mm) in period 2. The GEE model showed that the proportion of myopia onset (p = 0.004) and fast myopic shift (p = 0.009) was significantly lower in the 0.01% atropine group than that in the placebo group. The period effect was not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). A total of 0.01% atropine significantly prevented myopic shift, axial elongation, and myopia onset in premyopic schoolchildren in central Mainland China. Conclusion: Within the limits of only two consecutive 6-month observation period, 0.01% atropine eye drops effectively prevented myopic shift, axial elongation, and myopia onset in premyopic children. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2000034760). Registered 18 July 2020. What is Known: • Minimal studies on interventions for pre-myopia, despite the International Myopia Institute stating that preventing myopia is an "even more valuable target" for science and practice than reducing progression after onset. What is New: • A total of 0.01% atropine eye drops may safely and effectively reduce the proportion of myopia onset and fast myopic shift in premyopic schoolchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of beddings varies greatly in shale reservoirs. The influence of beddings on hydraulic fracture propagation has often been studied using simplified geological models, i.e., uniformly distributed bedding models. However, the propagation processes of hydraulic fractures in shale reservoirs with complicated distributed beddings remains unclear. In this research, an outcrop-data-based bedding model of a continental shale formation in the Ordos Basin, China, is built. A mathematical model for fracture propagation is built using the discrete element method and is then verified by a hydraulic fracturing experiment. Reservoir-scale simulations are employed to investigate the influence of geological factors and engineering factors on fracture geometry. The study finds that beddings have significant inhibitory effects on fracture height growth; hydraulic fractures have difficulty in breaking through zones with densely distributed beddings. If a hydraulic fracture encounters a bedding plane with a larger aperture, it is more likely to be captured and expand along the weak interface. High vertical stress difference and a high fluid injection rate can promote the vertical penetration of hydraulic fractures through beddings and activate the bedding system to yield a complex fracture network. Increments in fluid viscosity can increase the resistance of fracture propagation, thereby reducing fracture complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor air quality is a critical factor influencing athletic performance, particularly in professional sports settings, yet its impact remains underexplored. This study utilizes a panel dataset from 2516 Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) matches across 20 cities in China between 2014 and 2019. We integrate daily air pollution metrics with player efficiency ratings (PER) to investigate the effects of air quality on individual performance. We find that a 10% increase in the air quality index (AQI) corresponds to a 1.4223 decrease in PER, indicating a strong negative effect of poor air quality on player productivity. Different pollutants have varying effects, with some exacerbating the decline in both overall performance and precision in tasks. Notably, older players and international players exhibit greater resilience to air pollution. These insights contribute to the development of a comprehensive index for assessing work efficiency under varying air quality conditions and suggest targeted strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of air pollution in competitive athletic settings. • Uses technical statistics from players in the Chinese Basketball Association. • The data is mixed with the air quality readings taken every day. • Air pollution impacts productivity by decreasing both overall production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multiple criteria analysis method is proposed to compare renewable energy and traditional solutions for off-grid island power supply. • Life cycle cost is used to build the economic model. • The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to quantify the risk level. • A simulation platform is built to obtain the energy utilization. • Applied to the actual project to verify the feasibility of the method. Renewable energy microgrids are a new option for powering remote islands. To explore the feasibility of constructing island microgrid in China, based on the failed Dongfushan Island Demonstration Microgrid Project caused by equipment failure, low economic benefits, low residents' satisfaction, and poor power supply stability, this paper compares two power supply methods, microgrid and submarine cable. A systematic multiple criteria analysis method is established to compare these two methods, including economic analysis, risk assessment, energy spilled and energy shortage. Net present value and the life-cycle cost method are used to establish the economic cost model. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to establish the risk assessment model. Additionally, the simulation using PVsyst software is used to calculate the energy spilled and energy shortage. Furthermore, future trends are predicted with data to provide suggestions for decision-makers. Multiple criteria analysis results showed that energy spilled and shortages are inevitable for the use of microgrid on seasonally tourist islands like Dongfushan Island, with energy spilled and shortages rate as high as 50.11% and 37.57% in the worst case. The microgrid risk level is relatively low risk, higher than the lowest risk level for submarine cables. At full capacity, the cost of microgrid (34.03 million yuan) is comparable to submarine cables (30.31 million yuan), making the latter more suitable for power supply due to its better reliability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility of urban fire services is a critical indicator in evaluating fire services and optimizing fire resource allocation. However, previous studies have mainly concentrated on measuring the spatial accessibility of fire services, and little, if any, consideration has been paid to exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of the accessibility of urban fire services. Therefore, we used real-time travel time to extend an existing spatial accessibility method to measure the spatiotemporal accessibility of fire services in a case study of Nanjing, China. The results show that (1) the overall accessibility of fire incidents and fire stations in Nanjing, China, is uneven, with relatively high accessibility in the southwest and northeast of the city center; (2) the number of fire incidents with low-level accessibility apparently increases in rush hours (i.e., 07:00-09:00 and 17:00-19:00 h) in the southeast and north of the city center, and the fire incidents with medium-level and high-level accessibility easily change to lower levels under the influence of traffic congestion, with fire incidents with medium-level accessibility being affected the most; (3) the accessibility of fire stations changes over time with an obvious W pattern, with lower accessibility during rush hours than at other times, and several fire stations in the city center present an asymmetric W pattern; (4) the accessibility decline ratio for fire stations in rush hours is greater in the city center than in urban suburbs, and the decline ratios are strongly related to the travel time increase and the percent increase in uncovered fire incidents during rush hours. The results and findings demonstrate that our method can be used to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of the accessibility of fire services, and so can guide policymakers in improving fire services.