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There are limited studies involving the relationship between preschool teachers' job burnout and their professional engagement and career development aspirations. This study classified latent profiles according to job burnout indices for Chinese preschool teachers and examined the characteristics of each profile and how they affect professional engagement and career development aspirations. A cluster sample of 1000 preschool teachers (54 males and 946 females; average age = 30.93, SD = 9.91) was recruited to complete questionnaires regarding job burnout, professional engagement and career development aspirations. Results indicated that preschool teachers' job burnout can be divided into four latent classes: 1) low burnout (9%); 2) exogenous burnout (42%); 3) endogenous burnout (44%) and 4) high burnout (5%). The demographic variables such as gender, marital status, working years, preschool location and job category have a significant impact on the potential categories of preschool teachers' job burnout. Furthermore, the four categories of job burnout show significant differences in the level of professional engagement and career development aspirations and its dimensions, except the leadership aspiration dimension.

Background: Associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle factors vary greatly by geographic location. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Hunan cohort of central China and analyze the associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle factors in different occupations. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants who received an annual physical examination were invited. Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by the 13 C-urea breath test. Self-reported physical examination questionnaires were used to analyze participants' demographic information, diet, exercise status, and sleep situations. Results: 23254 participants finished this study. The Helicobacter pylori infection rate in the Hunan area was 25.8%, with the lowest prevalence in students (8.5%) and the highest prevalence in business managers (29.9%). The risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection were marital status (divorced or married) (OR:1.16, 95%CI:1.090–1.234), overeating (OR:1.105, 95%CI: 1.001–1.220), and consumption of eggs (OR:1.047, 95%CI:1.004–1.092), animal viscera (OR: 1.077, 95%CI:1.014–1.144) and coffee (OR:1.074, 95%CI:1.019–1.132). Participants' education level (OR:0.911, 95%CI:0.881-0942), consumption of midnight snack (OR:0.926, 95%CI:0.877–0.977), and vegetable (OR:0.927, 95%CI: 0.884–0.972) were protective factors against Helicobacter pylori infection. Whether participants exercised regularly or had sleep problems had no significant effect on Helicobacter pylori infection. Different professionals showed significant differences in the rates of overeating, eating three meals on time, midnight snack, and consuming coffee, eggs, animal viscera, and vegetables > 3 times/week (P values < 0.05). Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection showed a significant relationship with dietary factors, but not significantly with sleep and exercise factors. Different occupations showed different dietary tendencies related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The design of an occupation-based Helicobacter pylori screening and prevention program is supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressive symptoms have a considerable negative impact on mental health. This study aimed to understand the relationship between the protein-enriched and anti-inflammatory dietary index scores, modified healthy lifestyle index scores (Modified HLIS), and depressive symptoms. This study used convenience sampling to conduct a single-center cross-sectional survey. From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020, a total of 287,945 Chinese adults from a health management center of a general hospital completed an online self-reported health questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics, the Dietary Diversity Scale, the Modified Healthy Lifestyle Index Scores and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The higher anti-inflammatory dietary index scores (POR = 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.86–0.87; p < 0.001), moderate modified healthy lifestyle index scores (POR = 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.75–0.78; p < 0.001) and sufficient modified healthy lifestyle index scores (POR = 0.53; 95 % CI: 0.52–0.54; p < 0.001) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while the higher protein-enriched dietary index scores (POR = 1.01; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.02; p < 0.001) was positively correlated with depressive symptoms. This study demonstrated that protein-enriched and anti-inflammatory dietary index scores, and multiple healthy lifestyles are associated depressive symptoms in adults. • Multiple healthy lifestyles are associated depressive symptoms in adults. • The higher protein-enriched dietary index was positively correlated with depressive symptoms in adults, while the higher anti-inflammatory dietary index was negatively associated with them. • Factors affecting depressive symptoms include age ≥ 45 years, married, female, ethnic minority, BMI <30.0 kg/m2 and smoking history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst areas are widespread in China and can be divided into southern karst and northern karst based on the geographical boundary of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River. In northern karst regions, karst springs are the predominant landform. Previous studies on karst springs have predominantly focused on macroscopic perspectives, such as water chemistry characteristics, with less attention given to the microscopic characteristics of springs. Therefore, this study focused on the Jinan Baotu Spring area, representative of a typical northern karst region, and investigated the natural nanoparticles present in different aquifers at various depths from a microscopic point of view. Through the observation of nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA), numerous nanoparticles were identified in the groundwater samples. The particle size range of the particles contained in groundwater is mainly concentrated in the range of 150–500 nm, and the particle concentration is mainly concentrated in the range of 1.5–5.0 × 105 Particles/L. The microstructure, chemical composition, and element distribution of these nanoparticles were analyzed using TEM-EDS techniques. The results unveiled the presence of Ti-bearing nanoparticles in various groundwater layers, including both crystalline and amorphous states, as well as nanoparticles exhibiting the coexistence of crystal and amorphous structures. By comparing the measured lattice spacing with PDF cards, the crystalline Ti-bearing nanoparticles were identified as rutile, brookite, anatase, ilmenite, pseudorutile, and ulvospinel. Furthermore, the main components of the amorphous Ti-bearing nanoparticles predominantly consisted of Ti or a mixture of Ti and Fe. EDS analysis further indicated that the Ti-bearing nanoparticles carried additional metal elements, such as Zn, Ca, Mn, Mo, Cr, and Ni, suggesting their potential role as carriers of metal elements during groundwater transportation. This discovery provided new insights into the migration of metal elements in groundwater and underscores the capacity of nanoparticles to enhance the mobility of inorganic substances within the water environment. Notably, brookite was detected in three different areas, including the direct discharge area, indirect recharge area, and discharge area, which may indicate that some special natural nanoparticles could serve as natural mineral tracer particles in the process of groundwater migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substantial challenge posed by inherent hydrological forecasting uncertainty has critical implications for the optimization of real-time reservoir operations. In response, this study introduces a stochastic framework explicitly devised to comprehensively quantify the ramifications of hydrological forecasting uncertainty, notably its temporal correlations, on the outcomes of real-time reservoir optimization and risk assessment. Furthermore, this framework seeks to delineate the pivotal influence of incorporating or neglecting these temporal dynamics on the eventual results, while concurrently elucidating the underlying mechanisms governing these discernible influences. The framework adopts a comprehensive approach to simulating hydrological forecast uncertainty through ensemble forecasts and scenario trees, employing three methods (two Monte Carlo sampling-based methods and one Gaussian copula method) to generate inflow forecast ensembles. To improve the adaptability to uncertainties in inflow forecasts, the framework incorporates a transformation of the generated ensembles into scenario trees, serving as input for a stochastic optimization model that derives the final optimal decision based on optimizing the expected value of the objective function for all scenarios. Additionally, a parallel differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the stochastic optimization model efficiently. Risk assessment is performed to capture the uncertainty and corresponding risk associated with the reservoir optimal decision. The proposed framework is demonstrated in a flood control reservoir system in China, where several numerical experiments are conducted to explore the effect of forecast uncertainty level and temporal correlation on real-time reservoir optimal operation. Results show that the temporal correlation of inflows must be considered in both inflow stochastic simulation and reservoir stochastic optimization to avoid overestimating or underestimating operational risk, potentially leading to operation failures. By examining the risk simulation surface, reservoir operators can evaluate the robustness of operational decisions and make more reliable final decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a member of the genus Begomovirus, and causes devastating disease in the world. In recent years, ToLCNDV was rapidly spreading in China and induces severe economic losses in agriculture. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of ToLCNDV isolates from melon plants showing leaf curling and stunting symptoms in Jiangsu Province of China. We constructed a full-length infectious cDNA clone of ToLCNDV, which could induce systemic infection with typical symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, Citrullus melo, and Citrullus lanatus plants through agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. Further experimental evidence demonstrated that the virions produced in plants infected with the infectious clone of ToLCNDV are biologically active and sap-transmissible. We also evaluated the resistance of commercial melon cultivars to ToLCNDV and found all testing melon cultivars were susceptible to ToLCNDV. Collectively, the reverse genetic system developed herein will facilitate further research on biological functions of proteins encoded by ToLCNDV and plant-ToLCNDV interactions, which might provide new insights into breeding resistance germplasm in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental nanoparticles are known to be present in various aquatic environments, exerting significant influences on water quality, particularly in water distribution systems. However, there has been a notable dearth of research on the presence and impact of environmental nanoparticles in mineral water, a unique water resource. In this study, we employed Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and conducted High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) to address this research gap. This groundbreaking study represents the first comprehensive exploration of environmental nanoparticles within natural mineral water from Zibo City, Shandong Province, China. The results of the NTA showed that the concentration of the particles was 5.5 × 105 particles/mL and the peak diameter of the size distribution was 180 nm. The HRTEM showed that the nanoparticles were granular, pinniform, rodlike, and flakey in shape, and some of the nanoparticles existed in aggregation. The energy-dispersive spectrometry results showed that most of the nanoparticles contained O, Mg, Ca, Si, Fe, Ti, and P, and some of them also contained F, V, S, and Mn. When combined with the characteristics of the selected area electron diffraction pattern, the nanoparticles were confirmed to be Ca-bearing nanoparticles, attapulgite nanorods, MnO2 nanosheets, and TiO2 nanoparticles. These findings shed light on a novel manifestation of elemental compositions in mineral water. Furthermore, considering the chemical and physical attributes of both the nanoparticles and mineral water, it is highly plausible that these environmental nanoparticles result from the weathering of minerals. The presence of these nanoparticles within mineral water offers a unique opportunity to advance our comprehension of nanoparticle behavior across diverse systems. Significantly, the realm of environmental nanoparticle science holds paramount importance for ongoing endeavors in ensuring water safety, enhancing treatment processes, and facilitating effective remediation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of the U.S. FDI in China on the rise of the U.S. right wing. We constructed the instrumental variables of the U.S. FDI in China and took deindustrialization as an intermediary variable to investigate the mechanism. On one hand, the U.S. FDI in China had a promotion effect on the rise of the U.S. right wing. On the other hand, the positive effect was indirectly caused by deindustrialization. Although the U.S. FDI in China contributed to the rise of the U.S. right wing, the rise of right wing should not be solely blamed on China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-terminal acetylation (N -acetylation) is one of the most common protein modifications and plays crucial roles in viability and stress responses in animals and plants. However, very little is known about N -acetylation of viral proteins. Here, we identified the Thr residue at position 2 (Thr-2) in the βC1 protein encoded by the betasatellite of tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNB-βC1) as a novel N -acetylation site. Furthermore, the effects of TYLCCNB-βC1 N -acetylation on its function as a pathogenicity factor were determined via N -acetylation mutants in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. We found that N -acetylation of TYLCCNB-βC1 is critical for its self-interaction in the nucleus and viral pathogenesis, and that removal of N -acetylation of TYLCCNB-βC1 attenuated tomato yellow leaf curl China virus-induced symptoms and led to accelerated degradation of TYLCCNB-βC1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our data reveal a protective effect of N -acetylation of TYLCCNB-βC1 on its pathogenesis and demonstrate an antagonistic crosstalk between N -acetylation and ubiquitination in this geminiviral protein. • N-terminal acetylation (N -acetylation) is one of the most common protein modifications and plays crucial roles in viability and stress responses in animals and plants. • The Thr residue at position 2 (Thr-2) in the βC1 protein encoded by the betasatellite of tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNB-βC1) as a novel N -acetylation site. • N -acetylation of TYLCCNB-βC1 is critical for viral pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we identified a new citrus vein enation virus (CVEV) isolate (named CVEV-DT1) through sRNA high-throughput sequencing and traditional sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequences of all known CVEV isolates revealed that CVEV-DT1 was in an evolutionary branch with other isolates from China. Molecular variation analysis showed that the single nucleotide variability along CVEV full-length sequences was less than 8%, with more transitions (60.55%) than transversions (39.43%), indicating a genetically homogeneous CVEV population. In addition, non-synonymous nucleotide mutations mainly occurred in ORF1 and ORF2. Based on disorder analysis of all encoded ORF by CVEV-DT1, we identified that the CVEV-DT1 coat protein (CP) formed spherical granules, mainly in the cell nucleus and partly throughout the cytoplasm, with liquid properties through subcellular localization and photobleaching assay. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the CVEV P0 protein has weak post-transcriptional RNA-silencing suppressor activity and could elicit a strong hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants. Collectively, to the best of our knowledge, our study was the first to profile the genomic variation in all the reported CVEV isolates and reveal the functions of CVEV-DT1-encoded proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Begomoviruses cause significant losses to a wide range of crops worldwide, and a great progress has been made in characterizing some noncanonical proteins encoded by begomoviruses. In the present study, a novel viral protein, C6, was detected in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with tomato leaf curl China virus (ToLCCNV). Sequence analyses revealed that the C6 ORF is on the complementary strand of approximately 36% reported begomovirus sequences with conserved amino acid sequence. ToLCCNV C6 specifically localizes to mitochondria. Analysis of deletion mutants showed that C6 possesses an internal mitochondrial targeting signal. Overall, these data uncover a novel begomovirus-encoded protein targeting distinct plant cell organelles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese listed manufacturing companies face more serious financing constraints. Considering financing constraints and uncertainties, an accurate assessment of the innovation efficiency of China's listed manufacturing industry can provide decision support for China to become an innovation nation. We construct a heterogeneous stochastic frontier model to analyze the overall innovation efficiency, innovation quality efficiency, and innovation quantity efficiency of the Chinese manufacturing industry, using Chinese A-share listed manufacturing companies as a research sample from 2011–2019. The research results show that (1) Financing constraints make enterprises deviate from innovation efficiency, and internal financing significantly reduces enterprise financing constraints and does not bring uncertainty to subsequent financing, commercial credit, and external financing; although it can alleviate enterprise financing constraints, it will increase the uncertainty of subsequent financing constraints and the enterprise size.. (2) Internal financing, commercial credit financing, external financing, and firm size can effectively alleviate the financing constraint for firms to carry out quality innovation activities of invention patents and quantitative innovation activities of utility patents; internal financing, external financing, and firm size can effectively alleviate the financing constraint for quantitative innovation activities of design patents, while commercial credit financing has no significant effect. (3) The influence of factors such as financing constraints makes the real innovation efficiency of China's listed manufacturing industry only about 20%, and enterprises face more serious financing constraints. (4) The heterogeneity results found that the overall innovation efficiency, innovation quality efficiency, and innovation quantity efficiency in the eastern region are the highest, and the innovation efficiency level is higher than the national average, followed by the central and western regions. The overall innovation efficiency, innovation quality efficiency, and innovation quantity efficiency of the central region are higher than the national average, but the innovation quality efficiency and innovation quantity efficiency of the western region are lower than the national average; the overall innovation efficiency, innovation quality efficiency, and innovation quantity efficiency of large-scale enterprises are the highest and even higher than the average value of the whole sample, while the innovation efficiency of medium and small-scale enterprises are lower than the average value of the whole sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Following lung cancer surgery, patients often experience severe symptoms which are not properly assessed at discharge. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical presentation at discharge and the influencing factors of postoperative symptoms in patients who have undergone lung cancer surgery.Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed data from patients who participated in a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients who underwent lung cancer surgery at six tertiary hospitals in the People's Republic of China, from November 2017 to January 2020. Patient symptoms at discharge were measured using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Lung Cancer module. The five core symptoms were defined according to ratings of moderate to severe symptoms (≥ 4 on a 0-10 scale). A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the influencing factors of each symptom at discharge.Results: Among the 366 participants, 51.9% were male and the mean (SD) age was 55.81 (10.43) years. At discharge, the core symptoms were cough (36.4%), pain (28.2%), disturbed sleep (26.3%), shortness of breath (25.8%), and fatigue (24.3%), and more than half of the participants (54.6%) had one to five of the core symptoms, with moderate to severe severity. A low annual income and the use of two chest tubes were significantly associated (P = 0.030 and 0.014, respectively) with higher mean scores of the core symptoms.Conclusion: Though clinically eligible for discharge, more than half of the participants had severe symptoms at discharge after lung cancer surgery. Special attention should be given to patients who have two chest tubes after surgery and those who have a low annual income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poleroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded viruses. In this study, we describe the identification of a novel polerovirus isolated from soybean displaying curled leaves. The complete viral genome sequence was identified using high-throughput sequencing and confirmed using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Its genome organization is typical of the members of genus Polerovirus, containing seven putative open reading frames (ORFs). The full genome is composed of single-stranded RNA of 5822 nucleotides in length, with the highest nucleotide sequence identity (79.07% with 63% coverage) for cowpea polerovirus 2 (CPPV2). Amino acid sequence identities of the protein products between the virus and its relatives are below the threshold determined by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for species demarcation, and this strongly supports this virus' status as a novel species, for which the name soybean chlorotic leafroll virus (SbCLRV) is proposed. Recombination analysis identified a recombination event in the ORF5 of the 3' portion in the genome. Phylogenetic analyses of the genome and encoded protein sequences revealed that the new virus is closely related to phasey bean mild yellows virus, CPPV2 and siratro latent polerovirus. Subsequently, we demonstrated the infectivity of SbCLRV in Nicotiana benthamiana via infectious cDNA clone generation and agroinoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the effect of political networking capability (PNC) and strategic capability on exploratory innovation/exploitative innovation through the mediation of absorptive capability (AC). Design/methodology/approach: Using empirical survey data collected from 153 traditional manufacturing firms (TMFs) in China, the authors apply partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) combined with mediation analyses to test hypotheses. Findings: PNC has a higher impact on exploratory innovation than exploitative innovation through AC. The authors thus provide novel empirical insights into independent variables of firms' ambidextrous innovation and their implementation mechanisms. Research limitations/implications: The authors highlight a unique situation of China and contribute to the literature on PNC and AC. The findings demonstrate that AC plays an important role in configuring government-obtained external resources into new products, thus influencing ambidextrous innovation strategic decisions. Practical implications: TMFs' executives should enhance PNC to obtain more resources to conduct exploratory and exploitative innovation. Government officials and policymakers should strengthen the supervision of TMFs' innovation activities and adopt effective measures to ensure that TMFs could conduct more exploratory innovation as governments expected. Originality/value: This study provides new insights by bridging research gaps in the literature and advances the insights of how TMFs' PNC/strategic capability directly and indirectly fosters exploratory and exploitative innovation via the mediating role of AC in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ilex asprella is a plant from Aquifoliaceae. Its root is commonly used as folk medicinal materials in southern China. The chemical compositions of I. asprella are rich in pentacyclic triterpenoids, which show various biological activities and demonstrate a good prospect for drug development. The elucidation of biosynthesis mechanism of triterpenoids in I. asprella could lay important foundations for the production of these precious plant secondary metabolites by metabolic engineering. Our previous studies have revealed IaAO1 (a CYP716A210 homolog) responsible for the C-28 oxidation of α- and β-amyrin. Herein, we reported the identification of three more cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes IaAO2 (a CYP716A212 homolog), IaAO4 (CYP714E88), IaAO5 (CYP93A220), and a cytochrome P450 reductase gene IaCPR by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae eukaryotic expression system and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among them, the protein encoded by IaAO2 can catalyze the C-28 oxidation of α-amyrin and β-amyrin, IaAO4 can catalyze the C-23 oxidation of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, while IaAO5 is responsible for the C-24 oxidation of β-amyrin. By introducing three genes IaAO1 , IaAO4 and IaCPR into S. cerevisiae. We constructed an engineered yeast strain that can produce C-23 hydroxyl ursane-type triterpenoid derivatives. This study contributes to a thorough understanding of triterpenoid biosynthesis of medicinal plants and provides important tools for further metabolic engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The latest European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer 29 (QLQ-LC29) has been translated and validated in several languages but not yet in simplified Chinese. This study aimed to translate this questionnaire into simplified Chinese and adapt it for use in Chinese patients with lung cancer. Methods: The translation and adaptation process followed the EORTC translation procedure, and consisted of eight steps, namely, translation preparation, forward translations, reconciled translation, back translations, a back translation report, proofreading, pilot testing, and finalisation. The pilot testing included 10 patients with lung cancer. Results: We obtained the permission to perform the EORTC QLQ-LC29 translation work on November 17, 2020. Thereafter, it took 3 weeks to complete the forward translations, reconciled translation, and back translations. After several rounds of discussion with the EORTC Translation Unit, 19 items used the existing translations from the EORTC Item Library (a database of EORTC questionnaire items and their translations), and 10 items were translated from scratch. The 10 patients included in the pilot testing phase had a median age of 64 years (range 31–69 years); five were male, five had an educational level of high school or above, and six had undergone surgery. Eight items received comments from patients (six items by one patient alone and the other two items by three patients). No patients commented on the instructions or the format used for responses. After discussion with the EORTC Translation Unit, we modified the Chinese wording in item 50 to ensure that the meaning of "lifeless" was clear. No changes were made to the remaining items. Conclusions: The simplified Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-LC29 is now available on the EORTC website. This translation may contribute to the application of the EORTC QLQ-LC29 scale in both research and clinical practice in the Chinese population with lung cancer. Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the translated EORTC QLQ-LC29 is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer patients without chief complaints have been increasingly identified by physical examination. This study aimed to profile and compare chief complaints with patient-reported symptoms of lung cancer patients before surgery. Methods: Data were extracted from a multicenter, prospective longitudinal study (CN-PRO-Lung 1) in China from November 2017 to January 2020. A comparison between chief complaints and patient-reported symptoms was analyzed using the Chi-squared test. Results: A total of 201 (50.8%) lung cancer patients without chief complaints were found by physical examination at admission, and 195 (49.2%) patients had chief complaints. The top 5 chief complaints were coughing (38.1%), expectoration (25.5%), chest pain (13.6%), hemoptysis (10.6%), and shortness of breath (5.3%). There were significantly more patients with chief complaints of coughing (38.1% vs 15.0%, P < 0.001) and pain (20.5% vs 6.9%, P< 0.001) than those with the same symptoms rated ≥ 4 via MD Anderson Symptom Inventory‒Lung Cancer (MDASI-LC). There were less patients with chief complaints of fatigue (1.8% vs 10.9%, P< 0.001), nausea (0.3% vs 2.5%, P=0.006), and vomiting (0.3% vs 1.8%, p=0.032) than those with the same symptoms rated ≥ 4 via MDASI-LC. In patients without chief complaints, the five most common moderate to severe patient-reported symptoms were disturbed sleep (19.5%), distress (13.5%), dry mouth (13%), sadness (12%), and difficulty remembering (11.1%). Conclusion: Symptoms of lung cancer patients not included in the chief complaint could be identified via a patient-reported outcome instrument, suggesting the necessity of implementing the patient-reported outcome assessment before lung cancer surgery for better patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been reported to be associated with cholangitis and might possibly be carcinogenic. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the association of PPIs with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Thus, a hospital‐based case‐control study was carried out in China to explore the association between PPIs and CCA. Methods: In this study, 1468 CCA cases (826 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and 642 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC)) were included, which were observed at Beijing Friendship Hospital, from February 2002 to October 2018. We retrospectively extracted PPI use and other possible risk factors from clinical records, followed by an investigation of the relationship with CCA via calculation of odds ratios (ORs), adjusted odds ratios (AORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis. Results: PPIs were used by 135 (9.2%) CCA cases and 173 (5.9%) controls. We found that PPI use was associated with a 1.61‐fold elevated CCA odds (P <.001) (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.28‐2.05; P <.001). After stratification by CCA subtypes, the AORs of PPIs were consistent for both CCA subtypes, with ORs of 1.36 (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.83; P =.003) and 1.95 (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.46‐2.62; P <.001) for ICC and ECC respectively. Our results also showed that PPI use was slightly linked to the odds of CCA in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion: PPI use was correlated with a significant 61% increased odds of CCA, particularly in the ECC. However, the retrospective design and observational nature cannot establish causation. Larger scale, multi‐centre prospective studies are required for further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cost of hydrogen production by PEMWE in China was calculated and forecasted. • The capital cost and electricity cost were calculated in three scenarios respectively. • The capital cost of PEM electrolyzer system reduces from 4450 $/kW to 812 $/kW. • The calculated cost of hydrogen production reduces from 7.26 $/kg to 2.60 $/kg. • 2.60 $/kg will show a cost advantage when the carbon tax of gray hydrogen is imposed. The production and utilization of green hydrogen is of utmost importance to achieve the dual carbon national strategy of China, i.e., carbon peaking in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. The proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), with the advantage of the fast dynamic operation adapting to the non-uniformity and intermittency of renewable energy, is capable of producing hydrogen with higher purity. To calculate hydrogen production costs from 2020 to 2040, we used the bottom-up method to determine the capital cost of PEM electrolyzers, which is brought into the H2A model along with electricity price predicted for China. In 2040–2060, the learning curve was used to predict the decline of the capital cost of the electrolyzer. We analyzed two scenarios during this period, considering whether the operational performance of the electrolyzer such as voltage and current density is improved. The calculated cost of hydrogen production will reduce from 7.26 $/kg to 2.60 $/kg mainly because of the capital cost reduction of the electrolyzer system from 4450 $/kW to 812 $/kW and the decline of the electricity cost. The capital cost and electricity cost account for 47.6% and 34.7% of the current total cost, respectively, while the electricity cost is projected to be the dominant and will account for 56.4% of the total cost in the scenario of 2040–2060. The cost price of 2.60 $/kg will show an advantage when the carbon tax of 78.82 $/t CO 2 eq. for coal gasification and 107.48 $/t CO 2 eq. for steam-methane reforming are imposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for complications in pregnancy associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and to develop a logistic regression model to predict cardiac outcomes.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 249 women with PH, who were followed at the Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, from January 2012 to March 2015. All pregnancies were recorded. Overall, 214 cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension were identified. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the risk factors occurring during or after pregnancy in women with PH. Ultimately, six independent risk factors for cardiac events were determined.Results: There were 70 cases of cardiac complications (28.1%) with PH, including 7 cases of maternal death (2.81%). Independent risk factors were rapid progression of symptoms [OR=3.044, 95%CI (1.042-8.895), P<0.05], brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma levels ≥300pg/mL [OR=5.543, 95%CI (1.403-21.896), P<0.05], severe pulmonary hypertension (PAP≥80mmHg, 1mmHg=0.133kPa) [OR=6.769, 95%CI (2.748-16.677), P<0.05], World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) III-IV [OR=6.053, 95%CI (2.638-13.886), P<0.05], PH pre-pregnancy [OR=5.434, 95%CI (1.298-22.738), P<0.05], and delivery ≥28weeks gestation [OR=10.876, 95%CI (3.957-29.893), P<0.05].Conclusions: Early advice on contraception for patients with PH, and the need for patients to undergo a comprehensive assessment of cardiac function pre-pregnancy are suggested from the results of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative disorders are a heterogeneous group of chronic progressive diseases and have pathological mechanisms in common. A certain causative gene identified for a particular disease may be found to play roles in more than one neurodegenerative disorder. We analyzed the GGGGCC repeat expansions of C9orf72 gene in patients with SCA3/MJD from mainland China to determine whether the C9orf72 gene plays a role in the pathogenesis of SCA3/MJD. In our study, there were no pathogenic repeats (>30 repeats) detected in either the patients or controls. SCA3/MJD patients with intermediate/intermediate or short/intermediate genotype (short: <7 repeats; intermediate: 7-30 repeats) of the GGGGCC repeats had an earlier onset compared with those with short/short genotype. The presence of the intermediate allele of the GGGGCC repeats in the patients decreased the age at onset by nearly 3 years. Our study firstly demonstrate that the development of SCA3/MJD may involve some physiological functions of the C9orf72 gene and provide new evidence to the hypothesis that a specific mutation identified in one of the neurodegenerative disorders may be a modulator in this class of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A total of 40 samples of domestic and imported soy sauces with the greatest diversity were investigated for the presence and contents of deoxynivalenol (DON) by using GC–MS after pre-column derivatisation. Results showed that 97.5% of samples investigated were contaminated with DON, and there was a remarkable variation in the DON contents across soy sauce samples. The average incidence rate of DON in domestic soy sauces was 97.1% (range 4.5–1245.6 μg/l, average value 141.5 μg/l), while for those imported from Japan was 100% (range 30.5–238.3 μg/l, average value 113.7 μg/l). Manufacturing process and quality grade were found to have significant influences on the levels of DON in soy sauces. Generally, domestic soy sauces produced with low salt solid state fermentation and with higher quality grade exhibited higher DON contents. The present results also indicated that the exposure to DON from the consumption of soy sauces is at a very low risk level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between dietary diversity and clinical depressive symptoms in adult women, and influencing factors of clinical depressive symptoms. This longitudinal study included a total of 22,385 participants, each of whom underwent at least two data collections. We used convenience sampling to recruit women from a health management center of a general hospital in southern China from April 2015 to December 2021. They completed an online self-reported health questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics, lifestyle information, the Dietary Diversity Scale (DDS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. New-onset depressive symptoms and low dietary diversity were observed in this study among 1285 and 3223 participants, respectively. Negative associations were observed between baseline low dietary diversity and new-onset depressive symptoms (P < 0.05) and between baseline depressive symptoms and low dietary diversity (P < 0.001). Cross-lagged panel analysis indicated that dietary diversity negatively and prospectively predicted depressive symptoms, but vice versa (P < 0.05). Strong evidence of a nonlinear association between DDS scores and incident depressive symptoms was found (P nonlinear < 0.05) regardless of whether the variables were adjusted. Besides, age, menarche age, physical activity, sleep duration, longer sedentary behavior and other lifestyle factors were influencing factors of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). The present study identified bidirectional associations between dietary diversity and depressive symptoms, and the associations were found to have a non-linear pattern. Adherence to dietary diversity and a healthy lifestyle could be effective non-pharmacological preventive measures to reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms. • This longitudinal study included 22,385 female adults, each of whom underwent at least two data collections. • We identified bidirectional associations between dietary diversity and depressive symptoms, and the associations were found to have a non-linear pattern. • Higher age, late menarche age, physical activity, proper sleep duration, longer sedentary behavior and other lifestyle factors were influencing factors of depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Depression is the leading cause of mental health-related disease burden. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among dietary diversity, physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women.Method: Based on the WHO guidelines on physical activity, subjects who meet moderate-intensity aerobic physical exercise of 150-300 min per week were qualified or otherwise unqualified. The dietary diversity scores (DDS) were developed according to the balanced diet pagoda and assessed the consumption of nine food groups. The total scores ranged from 0 to 9 and could divide into three levels: insufficient [DDS-1] (score of 1-5), moderate [DDS-2] (score of 6-7), and sufficient [DDS-3] (score of 8-9).Results: An age at menarche ≥12 years old (OR = 0.94; 95 % CI: 0.89-1.00; p < 0.05), a higher dietary diversity score [DDS-3] (OR = 0.59; 95 % CI: 0.55-0.63; p < 0.001), drinking coffee (OR = 0.88; 95 % CI: 0.84-0.92; p < 0.001), and qualified physical activity (OR = 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.66-0.72; p < 0.001) were protective factors for depressive symptoms, while an age at first birth ≤20 years old (OR = 1.23; 95 % CI: 1.12-1.36; p < 0.001) or ≥30 years old (OR = 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.11-1.26; p < 0.001), eating late-night snacks (OR = 1.44; 95 % CI: 1.36-1.52; p < 0.001), drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 1.15; 95 % CI: 1.06-1.24; p < 0.001), and overeating (OR = 2.30; 95 % CI: 2.069-2.56; p < 0.001) were risk factors.Conclusion: This study suggested that dietary diversity and physical activity are associated with depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. To improve dietary diversity, attention should be given to dietary patterns and dietary habits, instead of simply increasing the amount of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophyte overgrowth in eutrophic lakes can hasten the decline of shallow water bodies, yet the impact of macrophyte deposition on sediment phosphorus (P) accumulation in the ice-on season remains unclear. Comparative analyses of P variations among 13 semi-connected sub-lakes in Wuliangsu Lake in China, a typical MDE lake, considered external flow and macrophyte decomposition as driving forces. Sediment P fractions and water total phosphorus (TP) were analyzed at 35 sampling points across three ice-on season stages, along with macrophyte TP content to assess debris contributions. Our findings reveal that phosphorus accumulation occurs during the ice-on season in the MDE lake, with an average TP content increase of 16 mg/kg. However, we observed a surprisingly small sediment nutrient accumulation ratio (ΔTP/ΔTN=0.006) compared to macrophyte nutrient levels before decomposition. Further analysis of the dominant species, Potamogeton pectinatus , indicates that a significant portion (55%) of macrophyte phosphorus is released before the ice-on season. This highlights the critical importance of timing macrophyte harvesting to precede the phosphorus leaching process, which has implications for lake management and ecosystem restoration efforts. Additionally, our research demonstrates similar transformations among different sediment fractions as previously reported. Macrophyte debris decomposition likely serves as the primary source of Residual P (Res-P) or TP accumulation. In addition, Ca-bound P (Ca–P) generally showed a decrease, which mainly caused by its transformation to Fe/Al-bound P (Fe/Al–P), Exchange-P (Ex-P), and sometimes to Res-P. However, we emphasize the significant impacts of flow dynamics on Ca–P transport and transformations. Its hydrodynamic action increases water dissolved oxygen, which accelerates the transformation of Ca–P to more easily released Fe/Al–P and Ex-P. Furthermore, hydrodynamic transport also leads to upstream Ca–P transport to downstream. This underscores the necessity of considering flow dynamics when estimating phosphorus variations and formulating phosphorus restoration strategies. [Display omitted] • Phosphorus (P) cycle in macrophyte-dominated eutrophic lakes remain understudied. • Comparatively analyzing P variations among 13 sub-lakes during ice-on season. • Residual P contributes to the P accumulation caused by macrophyte decomposition. • Fifty-five percent macrophyte P have been leached before the ice-on season. • Macrophyte harvesting remains necessary but should be done before P leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Low sodium and high potassium intake is reported to be a risk of hypertension. However, it is uncertain whether these associations can be generalized to those without hypertension. This study is to evaluate the associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) with estimated urinary sodium excretion (eUNaE), estimated urinary potassium excretion (eUKE) and their ratio (Na/K ratio) among hypertensive, normotensive, and hypotensive Chinese individuals.Methods and Study Design: A large institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha between August 2017 and November 2018. Spot urine samples were collected to test urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretions for each participant. The Kawasaki formula was used to estimate 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretions.Results: A total of 26,363 eligible subjects were used to analyze the associations of blood pressure with eUNaE, eUKE, and their ratio. 27.3% (n=7,201) of participants were diagnosed with hypertension, 5.4% (n=1,427) were diagnosed with hypotension, and the remaining of 17,735 participants were normotensive. A significant increase in SBP and DBP was related to the Na/K ratio increase in hypertensive and normotensive subgroups (all ptrend<0.01), but the association was not significant for DBP among hypotensive individuals (ptrend=0.58). Stronger associations of SBP with the Na/K ratio were observed in older people (pinteraction<0.01) and females (pinteraction<0.0001), but the same trend was not observed for DBP (pinteraction=0.10 and 0.88, respectively).Conclusions: High potassium and low sodium intake were further confirmed to reduce blood pressure in hypotensive, normotensive, and hypertensive individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Excessive salt intake is a major public health problem in several countries, especially in China. However, few people are aware of their salt intake. The purpose of this study is to carry out salt intake test in routine physical examination, and to explore the salt intake of different populations and their correlation with diet.Methods and Study Design: Spot urine sample was collected to test urinary sodium and creatinine excretions for each participant recruited from physical examinations at the Third Xiangya Hospital. The Tanaka formula was used to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion, which reflects salt intake. In addition to physical and laboratory examination, information including personal details, health-related habits, and selfreported disease histories was obtained from the National Physical Examination Questionnaire.Results: In total, 26,406 people completed the salt intake evaluation. After data cleansing, the average salt intake was 8.39±1.80 g/d. Male, middle-aged, overweight and obese, hypertensive, and dyslipidaemic populations, as well as those with non-cardiovascular diseases were more likely to have excessive salt intake. Dietary sources had an effect on salt intake. Salt intake was lower in those who consumed more milk and fruit (both p and p trend<0.01) but was higher in those who consumed more lean meat (both p and p trend<0.05), fatty meat (both p and p trend<0.01) and animal organs (both p and p trend<0.01).Conclusions: The salt intake in this population far surpasses the recommended amount. We strongly recommend salt intake assessment as routine test into physical examination center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fractal dimension analyses of PSD and soil porosity were determined for the 0–20cm soil layer representing different plant communities and land management in the Yimeng mountainous region of mid-eastern China. The soil types in this area are typically comprised of coarse sand and gravel. The results show that, compared with the protected forest preserve areas, soil physical properties in commercial Chinese chestnut groves (CM), cropland (ZM) and mixed shrub–grass lands (SH) were more sensitive to soil degradation under their respective long-term management strategies. In general, amounts of silt and clay decreased under CM, ZM, and SH land practices, while fine sand content increased, resulting in lower values for soil total porosity and capillary porosity. For protected forest, soil physical properties were enhanced due to litter decomposition and plant root development under long-term preservation measures. Considering the different plant communities, the overall fractal dimensions of PSD ranged from 2.141 to 2.526, with the fractal dimensions of ZM, SH and CM being far lower (2.141 to 2.166) than the mean value (2.395) of the protected forest land. The relationships between fractal dimension and PSD and soil porosity were also examined. There were significant correlations found between fractal dimension and the amount of silt and clay (R 2 =0.83), and fine sand (R 2 =0.64), with increasing fractal dimension values corresponding to higher silt and clay contents and lower sand content. There also existed strong linear relationships between fractal dimension and soil porosity with R 2 values ranging from 0.74 to 0.91. Correlations of D m with capillary porosity, in association with the type of plant community, provided strong evidence that vegetation management affects small scale aggregation which influences the water-holding capacity of the soil, thus implying that D m may be considered a good measure for quantifying aggregation and the effects of vegetation management on soil quality or soil degradation. This study demonstrates that fractal dimension analysis may be used to better quantify differences in PSD and soil porosity associated with soil degradation caused by anthropogenic disturbance of plant community environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Caesium-137 (137Cs) has no natural source and is commonly employed in establishing the chronology of recent lake sediments in the Anthropocene epoch. Because of their location in the northern mid-latitude Westerlies circulation region, downwind of the Chernobyl accident and their proximity to the Lop Nur Chinese Nuclear Testing (CNT) site, lake sediments in NW China record a137Cs fallout maximum of global atmospheric thermonuclear weapon tests (GTWT) in 1963–1964 Common Era (CE), with probably local fallout subpeaks due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986 CE and CNT in 1976 CE. This complexity means that the use of 137Cs fallout maximum in lake sediments as a time marker in NW China is thus far not well constrained, impeding assessment of recent and future changes in paleoclimate and human activities. To identify the 137Cs time marker and provide a reliable chronology of surface lake sediments for investigating paleoclimatic changes and for defining the Anthropocene epoch in NW China during the last 50–100 years, here we describe chronologies of 6 near-surface sediment cores from NW China based on 137Cs and 210Pb activities, and review the chronology of 23 lake sediments and 10 ice cores from NW China and central Asia based on 137Cs, 210Pb, 239+240Pu, 3H, 241Am, and beta-activity dating methods, and annual layer counting, as well as 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratios. Based on the potential influence of radioactivity transport from the Chernobyl accident and CNT, and the comparison with deposition records of 26 European lake sediments and 5 Alpine ice cores, we propose that the 137Cs fallout maximum of lake sediments in NW China and central Asia is primarily attributable to GTWT and that there is no unambiguous evidence to confirm the Chernobyl- and CNT-derived 137Cs local-fallout subpeaks. Taking into account the approximately one-year delay between injection of 137Cs into the atmosphere and its incorporation in lake sediment records, we conclude that the 137Cs fallout maximum in lake sediments of NW China provides a reliable GTWT time marker for 1964 CE. • 137Cs fallout maximum in NW China is attributable to the global atmospheric thermonuclear weapon tests in 1963–1964 CE. • There is no unambiguous evidence to confirm the Chernobyl- and Chinese Lop Nor-derived 137Cs local-fallout subpeaks. • A delay of ∼1 year between injection of 137Cs into the atmosphere and its incorporation in lake sediment records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with a high degree of salt sensitivity (SS) have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether SS fosters CVD by influencing metabolomics homeostasis remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of the SS-related metabolomics signature in the development of CVDs, based on the MetaSalt study, which was a dietary salt-intervention trial conducted at four centers in China in 2019. A total of 528 participants were recruited and underwent 3 days of baseline observations, a 10-day low-salt intervention, and a 10-day high-salt intervention. Plasma untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and BP measurements were scheduled at each stage. Participants were grouped into extreme SS, moderate SS, and salt-resistant (SR) individuals according to their BP responses to salt. Linear mixed models were used to identify SS-related metabolites and determine the relationship between the SS-related metabolomics signature and arterial stiffness. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were applied to establish the causal pathways among the SS-related metabolites, BP, and CVDs. Among the 713 metabolites, 467 were significantly changed after the high-salt intervention. Among them, the changes in 30 metabolites from the low-salt to the high-salt intervention differed among the SS groups. Of the remaining nonsalt-related metabolites, the baseline levels of 11 metabolites were related to SS. These 41 metabolites explained 23% of the variance in SS. Moreover, SS and its metabolomics signature were positively correlated with arterial stiffness. MR analyses demonstrated that the SS-related metabolites may affect CVD risk by altering BP, indicating that the increase in BP was the consequence of the changes in SS-related metabolites rather than the cause. Our study revealed that the metabolomics signature of SS individuals differs from that of SR individuals and that the changes in SS-related metabolites may increase arterial stiffness and foster CVDs. This study provides insight into understanding the biology and targets of SS and its role in CVDs., (© 2024. Science China Press.)

Background: The Recombinant Omicron BA.4/5-Delta COVID-19 Vaccine (ZF2202-A) is primarily designed for the Delta and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. Our objective was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of ZF2202-A in Chinese adults., Methods: A total of 450 participants aged ≥ 18 years, who had completed primary or booster vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine more than 6 months prior, were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial. Participants in the study and control groups were administered one dose of ZF2202-A and ZF2001, respectively. Immunogenicity subgroups were established in each group., Results: At 14 days after vaccination, the seroconversion rates of Omicron BA.4/5, BF.7, and XBB.1 in the ZF2022-A group were 67.7 %, 58.6 %, and 62.6 %, with geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies at 350.2, 491.8, and 49.5, respectively. The main adverse reactions (ARs) were vaccination site pain, pruritus, fatigue, and asthenia in both the ZF2022-A group and ZF2001 group., Conclusions: The novel bivalent vaccine ZF2202-A demonstrated satisfactory immunogenicity and safety against Omicron variants as booster dose in adults with prior vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Little has been done to establish biobanks for studying the environment and lifestyle risk factors for diseases among the school-age children. The Minhang Pediatric Biobank (MPB) cohort study aims to identify factors associated with health and diseases of school-aged children living in the urban or suburban area of Shanghai., Methods: This population-based cohort study was started in all sub-districts/towns of Minhang district of Shanghai in 2014. First-grade students in elementary school were enrolled during the time of their routine physical examinations, with self-administered questionnaires completed by their primary caregivers. Additional information was extracted from multiple health information systems. Urine and saliva samples were collected during the baseline survey and follow-up visits., Results: At the end of 2014 academic year, a total number of 8412 children and their parents were recruited, including 4339 boys and 4073 girls. All the participants completed the baseline survey and physical examination, and 7128 urine and 2767 saliva samples were collected. The five most prevalent childhood diseases in this population were dental caries, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and overweight/obese., Conclusions: The MPB cohort has been successfully established, serving as a useful platform for future research relating to the genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for childhood diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background and Objective: Neutrophil elastase has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and Sivelestat is a selective, reversible and competitive neutrophil elastase inhibitor. This study was designed to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and neutrophil elastase inhibitory effects of Sivelestat in healthy Chinese subjects., Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single- and multiple-dose escalation clinical trial was carried out. Briefly, healthy volunteers in twelve cohorts with 8 per cohort received 1.0-20.2 mg/kg/h Sivelestat or placebo in an intravenous infusion manner for two hours, and healthy volunteers in four cohorts received two hours intravenous infusion of 2.0-5.0 mg/kg/h Sivelestat or placebo with an interval of twelve hours for seven times. The safety and tolerability were evaluated and serial blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetics and neutrophil elastase inhibitory effects analysis at the specified time-point., Results: A total of 128 subjects were enrolled and all participants completed the study except one. Sivelestat exhibited satisfactory safety and tolerability up to 20.2 mg/kg/h in single-dose cohorts and 5.0 mg/kg/h in multiple-dose cohorts. Even so, more attention should be paid to the safety risks when using high doses. The C max and AUC of Sivelestat increased in a dose dependent manner, and T max was similar for different dose cohorts. In multiple-dose cohorts, the plasma concentrations reached steady state 48 h after first administration and the accumulation of C max and AUC was not obvious. Furthermore, the C min&#95;ss of 5.0 mg/kg/h dose cohort could meet the needs of clinical treatment. For some reason, the pharmacodynamics data revealed that the inhibitory effect of Sivelestat on neutrophil elastase content in healthy subjects was inconclusive., Conclusion: Sivelestat was safe and well tolerated with appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters, which provided support for more diverse dosing regimen in clinical application., Clinical Trial Registration: www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn identifier is CTR20210072., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Jing-wen Tang is a full-time employee of Shanghai Huilun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The other authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium ) is an important ornamental and medicinal plant suffering from many viruses and viroids worldwide. In this study, a new carlavirus, tentatively named Chinese isolate of Carya illinoinensis carlavirus 1 (CiCV1-CN), was identified from chrysanthemum plants in Zhejiang Province, China. The genome sequence of CiCV1-CN was 8795 nucleotides (nt) in length, with a 68-nt 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 76-nt 3'-UTR, which contained six predicted open reading frames (ORFs) that encode six corresponding proteins of various sizes. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length genome and coat protein sequences revealed that CiCV1-CN is in an evolutionary branch with chrysanthemum virus R (CVR) in the Carlavirus genus. Pairwise sequence identity analysis showed that, except for CiCV1, CiCV1-CN has the highest whole-genome sequence identity of 71.3% to CVR-X6. At the amino acid level, the highest identities of predicted proteins encoded by the ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5, and ORF6 of CiCV1-CN were 77.1% in the CVR-X21 ORF1, 80.3% in the CVR-X13 ORF2, 74.8% in the CVR-X21 ORF3, 60.9% in the CVR-BJ ORF4, 90.2% in the CVR-X6 and CVR-TX ORF5s, and 79.4% in the CVR-X21 ORF6. Furthermore, we also found a transient expression of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) encoded by the ORF6 of CiCV1-CN in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a potato virus X-based vector, which can result in a downward leaf curl and hypersensitive cell death over the time course. These results demonstrated that CiCV1-CN is a pathogenic virus and C. morifolium is a natural host of CiCV1.

Background: Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), a key member of the genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae, causes severe viral diseases in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants worldwide. However, information on the mechanisms underlying the response of chrysanthemum plants to CVB is scant., Methods: Here, an integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of chrysanthemum leaves was conducted to explore the molecular response mechanisms of plants to a Chinese isolate of CVB (CVB-CN) at the molecular level., Results: In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN, of which 4097 were upregulated and 837 were downregulated. Gene ontology and functional classification showed that the majority of upregulated SDEGs were categorized into gene cohorts involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolism. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that ethylene pathway-related genes were significantly upregulated following CVB-CN infection, indicating a strong promotion of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, disruption of the ethylene pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant, using virus-induced gene silencing technology rendered them more susceptible to cysteine-rich protein of CVB-CN induced hypersensitive response, suggesting a crucial role of this pathway in response to CVB-CN infection., Conclusion: This study provides evidence that ethylene pathway has an essential role of plant in response to CVB and offers valuable insights into the defense mechanisms of chrysanthemum against Carlavirus., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Hypertension is often observed in patients with diabetes, and the progression of diabetic nephropathy is closely related to blood pressure elevation. Thus, the effects of hypoglycemic drugs on kidney function and pharmacokinetic interactions in combination with antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs are of great clinical value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions between henagliflozin (SHR3824), a new sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor class drug, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker., Methods: A single-center, single-arm, open-label, self-controlled study was conducted in healthy Chinese volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with Phoenix WinNonlin version 7.0, and the statistical analysis was performed with SAS version 9.4. Data on pharmacokinetic parameters (single and/or steady-state) were collected and tabulated for different analytes (valsartan and SHR3824) according to the sampling time specified in the protocol. Continuous attention was paid to the safety of all subjects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of valsartan on the pharmacokinetic behavior of SHR3824 after multiple doses of SHR3824 (C max,ss and AUC τ,ss ) and the effect of multiple doses of SHR3824 on the pharmacokinetic behavior of valsartan (C max , AUC 0-24h , and AUC 0-∞ ). A mixed effect model was used to estimate the point estimation and 90% CI of the geometric mean ratio of the corresponding pharmacokinetic indices at the combined-medication stage (SHR3824 + valsartan) and the single-medication stage (SHR3824 or valsartan)., Findings: Twelve volunteers were screened into this experiment and underwent blood sampling. The pharmacokinetic properties of SHR3824 were evaluated after its administration alone or in combination with valsartan. Point estimates and 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratio of SHR3824 C max,ss and AUC τ,ss were within the conventional bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. The pharmacokinetic properties of valsartan were evaluated after its administration alone or in combination with SHR3824. The geometric mean ratios and 90% CIs of the valsartan C max , AUC 0-24h , and AUC 0-∞ were also within the range of 80% to 125%. Thirty-four mild adverse events were reported, with no serious adverse events or suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions., Implications: This study provides basis for the clinical co-administration of SHR3824 with angiotensin II receptor blockers represented by valsartan. Based on these findings, co-administration of SHR3824 and valsartan seemed to have no effect on the pharmacokinetic properties of either drug. Chinadrugtrials.org.cn Identifier: CTR20180002., Competing Interests: Declarations of Interest None declared., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in host defense against pathogens and are often activated by upstream plasma membrane leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs). ERECTA (ER) is an LRR-RLK that regulates plant developmental processes through activating MAPK cascades. Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) C4 protein interacts with BKI1, stabilizes it at the plasma membrane and impairs ER autophosphorylation through suppressing the dissociation of the BKI1/ER complex, and then inhibits the activation of downstream MAPK cascades, which ultimately creates a favorable environment for TLCYnV infection. This study provides a novel viral strategy to impair MAPK activation., (© 2021 The Authors New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Background: Arterial stiffness is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. However, the association between sodium/potassium intake and vascular stiffness was inconsistent. Therefore, a large community-based cross-sectional study was performed to try and achieve more definitive conclusion., Methods: Urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels were tested in spot urine samples during physical examinations of each recruited participant. The 24-h estimated urinary sodium excretion (eUNaE) and estimated urinary potassium excretion (eUKE) levels were determined using the Kawasaki formula (used as a surrogate for intake). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were measured using ultrasound., Results: In 13,523 subjects aged 18-80 years, the relationships between carotid plaques and IMT with eUNaE, eUKE and their ratios were analyzed. Overall, 30.2% of participants were diagnosed with carotid artery plaques. The ratio of estimated sodium vs. potassium excretion (Na/K ratio) of the individuals with carotid artery plaques was significantly higher than that of participants without plaque (2.14 ± 0.73 vs. 2.09 ± 0.61, P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, and other lifestyle covariates, a significant positive relation was found between carotid plaque and Na/K ratios (OR = 1.06, P < 0.05). In participants without plaque, a similar positive association was observed between Na/K ratios and increased bifurcation carotid IMT (β = 0.008, P < 0.01), especially in the females (P interaction  < 0.01)., Conclusions: In this study, in which sodium intake was estimated on the basis of measured urinary excretion, high estimated excretion levels of urinary sodium and/or low estimated excretion levels of urinary potassium might be associated with an increased presence of carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese individuals.

In this study, we developed a sensitive and efficient analytical approach combining a 96-well plate-based protein precipitation strategy with ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in order to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of sivelestat and its metabolite XW-IMP-A in samples of plasma from ALI/ARDS patients with SIRS. The samples were separated via gradient elution with a C18 column (Phenomenex Kinetex, C18, 2.6 μm, 100 Å, 50 × 2.1 mm) using 0.1 % formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile-methanol (1:1, V:V) (B) as a mobile phase at a 0.6 mL/min flow rate. UPLC-MS/MS spectra were generated in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to detect the following transitions: m/z 435.1 → 360.0 for sivelestat, m/z 469.0 → 394.0 for sivelestat-IS, m/z 351.0 → 276.0 for XW-IMP-A, and m/z 384.9 → 310.0 for XW-IMP-A-IS. This assay was run for 2.5 min in total, and achieved lowest limit of quantitation values of 2.0 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL for sivelestat and XW-IMP-A, respectively, while remaining highly linear from 2-500 ng/mL for sivelestat (r 2 ≥ 0.9900) and from 0.5-125 ng/mL for XW-IMP-A (r 2 ≥ 0.9900). These validated data were consistent with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) acceptance criteria. In addition, this method was successfully applied to the steady-state PK evaluation of ALI/ARDS patients with SIRS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Appropriate Ethics Committee approval has been obtained for the data reported. This work has not been submitted for publication elsewhere either in print or electronically, including on a web site, nor has it been accepted for publication elsewhere or is under consideration by another journal. All of the authors listed on the title page have read and agreed to its submission to Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, have met the criteria for authorship as established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, believe that the paper represents honest work, and are able to verify the validity of the results reported. The authors declare no financial support or compensation has been received from any individual or corporate entity over the past three years for research or professional service and that there are no personal financial holdings that could be perceived as constituting a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Genes of UMOD, HNF1B, MUC1, REN and SEC61A1 were reported to be associated with autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD). 48 probands and their family members (N = 27) were enrolled in this genetic screening study. A combination of methods was employed for comprehensive molecular analysis of both copy number variations (CNVs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs). 35 probands were followed for years. The phenotype-genotype and genotype-outcome correlation were inferred from these datasets. In this cohort, 18 probands were diagnosed with ADTKD, according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline. Moreover, 11 probands were diagnosed with ADTKD-UMOD, one with ADTKD-REN and one with ADTKD-HNF1B, based on molecularly confirmed pathogenic variants. The 11 UMOD variants were mainly located in codons 28 to 289 and half of the variants were found to change the cysteine amino acid. According to the follow-up data, suspected ADTKD individuals had a better prognosis compared to ADTKD individuals (p = 0.029). Individuals with a cysteine substitution in the UMOD gene appeared to have a better prognosis than individuals with other amino acid substitutions (p = 0.015).

Background: Prediabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and often occurs with dyslipidaemia. The present study investigated the association between subclinical atherosclerosis profiles and prediabetes with and without dyslipidaemia., Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 4786 participants (1441 subjects with prediabetes and 3345 healthy controls). Prediabetes was defined by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.6-6.9mmol/L or HbA1c 5.7-6.4% without antidiabetic drugs. Different markers of subclinical atherosclerosis were analysed: the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid plaques (CP), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)., Results: Subclinical atherosclerosis was significantly more prevalent in prediabetic subjects than in normoglycaemic subjects (P<0.001). Only individuals with prediabetes in the dyslipidaemic group had significantly elevated adjusted odds ratios for subclinical atherosclerosis profiles. When stratified by FPG-only, HbA1c-only or both, the three subcategories in combination with dyslipidaemia shared a similarly increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis compared to normoglycaemia without dyslipidaemia (P<0.05). The risk profile increased directionally from FPG-only to HbA1c-only to both overall., Conclusion: Our data suggest that subclinical atherosclerotic changes in the prediabetic state are mainly seen in dyslipidaemic subjects. Thus, strategies to prevent atherogenic changes might focus on persons with prediabetes combined with dyslipidaemia, especially for the prediabetes-both subcategory, because of potential effects on CVD risk., (Copyright © 2020 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: Low sodium and high potassium intake is reported to be a risk of hypertension. However, it is uncertain whether these associations can be generalized to those without hypertension. This study is to evaluate the associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) with estimated urinary sodium excretion (eUNaE), estimated urinary potassium excretion (eUKE) and their ratio (Na/K ratio) among hypertensive, normotensive, and hypotensive Chinese individuals., Methods and Study Design: A large institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha between August 2017 and November 2018. Spot urine samples were collected to test urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretions for each participant. The Kawasaki formula was used to estimate 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretions., Results: A total of 26,363 eligible subjects were used to analyze the associations of blood pressure with eUNaE, eUKE, and their ratio. 27.3% (n=7,201) of participants were diagnosed with hypertension, 5.4% (n=1,427) were diagnosed with hypotension, and the remaining of 17,735 participants were normotensive. A significant increase in SBP and DBP was related to the Na/K ratio increase in hypertensive and normotensive subgroups (all ptrend<0.01), but the association was not significant for DBP among hypotensive individuals (ptrend=0.58). Stronger associations of SBP with the Na/K ratio were observed in older people (pinteraction<0.01) and females (pinteraction<0.0001), but the same trend was not observed for DBP (pinteraction=0.10 and 0.88, respectively)., Conclusions: High potassium and low sodium intake were further confirmed to reduce blood pressure in hypotensive, normotensive, and hypertensive individuals.

Vegetation phenology is highly sensitive to climate change and has a crucial effect on the carbon balance. Prior studies have mainly investigated the effects of mean temperature and precipitation on phenology. The asymmetric and opposing response of phenology to daytime and night-time temperature remains largely unknown. Using the satellite phenology derived from GIMMS NDVI 3g datasets dating back to the 1980s, we show that significantly advanced start of the season (SOS), delayed end of the season (EOS) and prolonged length of growing season (LEN) (P < 0.05) has been taking place in the Yellow River Basin in China. The extension of LEN was more attributed to the advance of SOS than a delayed EOS. The daytime T max and night-time T min had opposite effects on the timing of SOS, MOS, and EOS in 63.1%,40.0%, and 53.5% of the pixels of the study area, respectively. If higher T max leads to an earlier or later transition date, an increase in T min systematically leads to an opposite effect. These opposite effects were obvious in SOS of 70.5%, 66.2%, and 70.6% of shrubland, grassland, and crop fields, respectively. For EOS, the opposing effects accounting for 58.2%,60.2%, and 54.5% of forest land, shrubland, and grassland, respectively. These results reveal different impacts of climate change on the daytime and night-time carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, and such impacts vary with the land surface type. Knowledge of these opposing responses of phenology to daytime and night-time warming may help to understand the feedback of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to climate change, thus to improve the existing terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle model, which is of great significance for climate change and ecology research., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background and Objectives: Excessive salt intake is a major public health problem in several countries, especially in China. However, few people are aware of their salt intake. The purpose of this study is to carry out salt intake test in routine physical examination, and to explore the salt intake of different populations and their correlation with diet., Methods and Study Design: Spot urine sample was collected to test urinary sodium and creatinine excretions for each participant recruited from physical examinations at the Third Xiangya Hospital. The Tanaka formula was used to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion, which reflects salt intake. In addition to physical and laboratory examination, information including personal details, health-related habits, and selfreported disease histories was obtained from the National Physical Examination Questionnaire., Results: In total, 26,406 people completed the salt intake evaluation. After data cleansing, the average salt intake was 8.39±1.80 g/d. Male, middle-aged, overweight and obese, hypertensive, and dyslipidaemic populations, as well as those with non-cardiovascular diseases were more likely to have excessive salt intake. Dietary sources had an effect on salt intake. Salt intake was lower in those who consumed more milk and fruit (both p and p trend<0.01) but was higher in those who consumed more lean meat (both p and p trend<0.05), fatty meat (both p and p trend<0.01) and animal organs (both p and p trend<0.01)., Conclusions: The salt intake in this population far surpasses the recommended amount. We strongly recommend salt intake assessment as routine test into physical examination center.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a polygenic metabolic disorder resulting from oxidative stress, the root cause of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress-related genes ALOX5, ALOX5AP, GPX1, GPX3 and MPO in type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility in the Chinese Han population., Methods: A total of 396 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 678 controls were recruited. The ALOX5 rs10900213, ALOX5AP rs4293222, GPX1 rs1050450, GPX3 rs3828599 and MPO rs2107545 gene polymorphisms were genotyped., Results: We found one single-nucleotide polymorphism in the MPO gene was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility [rs2107545: odds ratio = 1.563 (1.166-2.096); p = 0.003], after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, we also considered the likely complexity of effects of genetic and conventional risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus-related vascular complications, such as carotid plaques. Our analysis revealed that the GPX1 rs1050450 and MPO rs2107545 were significantly associated with increased risk of carotid plaques in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients., Conclusion: Our study presents novel evidence for main effects of MPO gene on type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility. Furthermore, our study supported the association between variants of oxidative stress-related genes ( GPX1 and MPO) and carotid plaques in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, which indicated a modulation of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related vascular complication susceptibility by genetic predisposition.

The coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) influences the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miR-146a (rs2431697 and rs2910164) have been reported to alter the function or expression of microRNA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between miR-146a gene polymorphism and the risk of CAD in the Chinese population. A total of 353 CAD patients and 368 controls were recruited, and SNPs were analyzed by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Sequenom MassARRAY system. The gene frequencies of rs2431697 and rs2910164 were significantly different between the two groups. The mutant type (T allele) of rs2431697 and wild type (C allele) of rs2910164 were more frequent in CAD patients. T allele carriers in rs2431697 had an increased CAD risk, while G allele of rs2910164 decreased the risk of CAD significantly. In conclusion, we found that the T allele of rs2431697 was a risk factor of CAD in the Chinese population. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that the G allele of rs2910164 decreased the susceptibility of CAD.

Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), including the development of PD-associated cognitive impairment. Whether genetic variants of inflammatory cytokine genes influence the risk of cognitive impairment in PD is unknown. In this study, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-10 promoter (rs1800871 and rs1800872) and in the IL-18 promoter (rs1946518 and rs187238) in a Han Chinese cohort (N = 933). PD patients (N = 460) and controls (N = 473) were genotyped. Additionally, 268 PD patients were divided into three subgroups [cognitively normal (PD-NC), mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and with dementia (PD-D)] on the basis of their performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests. No associations were found between the aforementioned polymorphisms and cognitive impairment in PD; thus no confirmatory evidence for the hypothesis of IL-10 and IL-18 alleles modulating the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese PD patients was obtained.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between coping strategies and depression, and the risk factors of depression among Chinese women in infertile couples undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF)., Study Design: Two hundred and eighty-eight women undergoing IVF completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale and the Brief COPE Inventory. Demographic data were collected, hormone levels were tested and oocyte numbers were counted., Results: The incidence of depression was 22.6%. The prevalence of depression was higher among women who had been married for >8 years, women who had been infertile for >6 years and women with a family income ≤3000 CNY/month. High basal follicle-stimulating hormone, oocyte number and denial score were associated with greater risk of depression. High oestradiol (basal and peak), and substance use and humour scores were associated with lower risk of depression., Conclusion: Many women in infertile couples undergoing IVF have depression. Preventive interventions should be provided for women with risk factors of depression, such as long duration of marriage, long duration of infertility, low monthly family income, high basal follicle-stimulating hormone, low serum oestradiol, high oocyte number, and use of denial as a coping strategy., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mean platelet volume (MPV), an indicator of platelet activation, has been shown to be elevated in patients with hypertension. However, data available on the association between MPV level and prehypertension are limited. Prehypertension is also associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional study was performed among 80 545 standardized medical checkup participants <18 years in age without hypertension or diabetes in China between April 2009 and May 2010. Blood pressure was categorized as prehypertensive (systolic blood pressure, 120-140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure, 80 to 90 mm Hg, n= 36 586) and normotensive (systolic blood pressure, < 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure, <80 mm Hg, n=43 959). Mean systolic blood pressure and the prevalence of prehypertension increased significantly with increasing MPV. After adjusting for demographics, body mass index, smoking and serum cholesterol, the odds ratio for prehypertension, when comparing the highest category of MPV (>12.0 fl) with the lowest category (<10.1 fl), was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.13; P for trend=0.014). This association persisted in separate analysis among men but not among women. In nonparametric models, the positive association between MPV and prehypertension appeared to be present across the full range of MPV, without any threshold effect. Increased MPV is associated with prehypertension in a large sample of Chinese adults that are free of cardiovascular disease and hypertension.