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China's approach to air pollution control has been shown successful in East Asian countries and even elsewhere in the world. The analysis of the evolution and control of air pollution in China over the past 75 years can be used as a reference for developing countries suffering from air pollution resulting from urbanization. Based on the sorting and mining of relevant indicators, data and policy texts from the areas of population, economy, space and social urbanization, the findings suggest that the presence of air pollution and its changing forms indeed have complex interactive relationships with the process of urbanization. Specifically: (1) the feature of air pollution has changed from "single pollutant and pollution source to multiple pollutants and pollution source, local pollution to regional pollution, light pollution to heavy compound pollution" as a result of urbanization, the emphasizing of construction and the neglect of governance, the emphasizing of economics and the neglect of ecology, and the emphasizing of immediate interests over long-term interests; (2) the interactive relationship between air pollution and urbanization has also gone through three stages from being irrelevant each other to "urbanization determines air pollution" and then "air pollution restricts urbanization"; (3) this has forced air pollution control to shift from the traditional "treating symptoms" to "high-quality urbanization", thus promoting air pollution and urbanization to move "from confrontation to unification". Therefore, air pollution control is not a simple technical issue; one of the keys lies in exploring how to adjust the urbanization model, so as to achieve the "win–win" of urbanization and air pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-cultural ethnography explored the global student mobility patterns of international students from English-speaking countries in China and asked research questions about (a) their motivational factors and acculturation expectations before arrival; (b) linguistic factors influencing their acculturative stressors in the host group community's culture and its academic, social, and public systems after arrival; and (c) their reflections on intergroup ideologies with the host community after graduation, based on looking ahead. This study collected data through fieldwork by observing and interacting with approximately 80 individuals from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand in university towns in East China during the academic years from 2012 to 2023. In turn, 17 individuals who graduated before 2021 were selected as the final sample to conduct in-depth interviews. The study placed the concepts of acculturation expectations and intergroup ideologies at the nexus of linguistic hegemony, symbolic power, and social space. The overarching findings showed that despite positive motivations to visit China, language barriers led participants to express confusion, culture shock, anxiety, and perceived discrimination in their academic, social, and public domains. However, some participants who remained in China after graduation expressed their authentic voices regarding changes in attitude toward the host community culture and their heritage language. Therefore, this study focused on a different dimension of acculturation and linguistic ideology by examining how a linguistically and culturally dominant cohort faced acculturative challenges and negotiated to cope with their stressors in power dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tsinghua Journal of Education is the property of Tsinghua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In December 2022, the dynamic zero-COVID control policy came to an end, marking the conclusion of a three-year pandemic that affected 1.4 billion Chinese people. The pandemic and related policies created a unique, temporary, and historic social ecosystem where walking became more crucial than ever before. The pandemic not only severely restricted people's movement in public spaces but also exposed the longstanding contradictions between human bodies, modern mobility, and urban space. Over the three years of the pandemic, walking became an aesthetic survival attempt by Chinese people to cope with their limited freedoms under the pandemic. As the pandemic stagnated and worsened over time, walking-dominant activities gradually became a widespread social phenomenon that encouraged urban residents to participate in rebuilding society across various fields such as politics, art, nature, etc. The development of walking as an artistic form during this period represents a new aesthetic strategy and political awakening while reflecting humans' need to reconnect with land, social space, and their own bodies. This paper reviews how walking art has evolved historically through three periods – before, during, and after the pandemic – aiming to highlight both the public value of walking art and challenges within China's social ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a sociological perspective on understanding rights in China, examining the interplay between multiple myths of rights, rights abuses, and the politics of rights within various social and physical spaces. It highlights competing myths of rights held by the state, ordinary citizens, rights activists, and legal professionals. The article examines how rights abuses contribute to rights consciousness and mobilization across different human rights domains in a repressive political context. By analyzing the politics of rights in interconnected spaces, such as the street, the legal system, the global arena, and cyberspace, it emphasizes the importance of continuous engagement between domestic and overseas actors in shaping China's human rights future. The article encourages social science researchers to thoroughly examine the myths, abuses, and politics of rights before making normative judgments about China's human rights conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neighbourhood social cohesion has emerged as a prominent concern in urban governance worldwide. As the primary domain of residents' daily activities, the community life circle contributes to neighbourly interaction and social cohesion. This study investigates the role of space use within the community life circle in promoting social cohesion in Chongqing, China. Through an in-depth activity diary survey and structural equation model analysis, we empirically examine the interplay between community space use, neighbourly interaction, and social cohesion. Our findings suggest that the 15 min community life circle plays a crucial role in residents' daily lives, particularly among senior residents. However, the contribution of community space use to social cohesion is fully mediated by neighbourly interaction. Furthermore, not all patterns of community space use contribute to social cohesion equally; space use engaged with diverse companions on workdays significantly enhances neighbourly interaction and social cohesion. The study enriches the existing literature by deepening our understanding of the role of the community life circle in fostering socially cohesive and sustainable neighbourhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing online exposure of urban public spaces, the new concept of "internet-famous sites" has emerged in China. Social media users are the main contributors to this new phenomenon. To fully understand social media users' preferences in such kinds of public spaces, this article took 27 typical riverfront internet-famous sites (RIFSs) in Changsha City (China) as an example. Through social media platform selection, keyword research, text and image data extraction, visual and emotional symbol coding, and manual calculations of coding frequency, this study investigated social media users' perception of RIFSs, especially on visual and emotional preferences. The online images and review comments were extracted from the popular Chinese social media platform "Xiaohongshu". We found that (1) the popularity of each RIFS had a significant head effect and there were far more positive emotions than neutral and negative emotions in review comments. (2) RIFSs in Changsha were divided into five categories: commercial RIFSs, art exhibition RIFSs, historical and cultural RIFSs, ecological recreational RIFSs, and uncultivated RIFSs. Social media users had different visual focuses on each kind of RIFS. (3) Social media users provided specific reasons for their emotional preferences towards different types of RIFSs. This study can provide a new perspective on improving waterfront vitality and offer a targeted and attractive method for waterfront regeneration that is different from traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart city concept has taken center stage as a paradigm shift in urban governance, promising innovation, sustainability, and strategic upgrades, and drawing the attention of researchers globally. However, existing frameworks for assessing smart cities remain incomplete and simplistic. This paper aims to address the following question: what is the process and current situation of 30 capitals in China after the implementation of smart city construction, especially from the new perspective of social, physical, and informational space development? To this end, we focus on 30 national and provincial capitals in China, proposing a novel, tri-dimensional SPI model—Social, Physical, and Information space—for smart city spatial development assessment. Employing a robust methodological approach, including entropy weighting, coupled coordination degree models, and the Dagum Gini coefficient, we conduct a spatial development and coordination analysis of these cities from 2011 to 2021. In addition, we utilize BP neural networks to evaluate the contribution of each indicator to the spatial coupled coordination. Our findings indicate a steady increase in the spatial coupled coordination development level of smart capitals in China, alongside a narrowing disparity in development speeds across regions, resulting in a staggered spatial distribution pattern. Specifically, the Information space subsystem represents the most influential driver of coupled coordination. The significance of this research lies in its unique tri-dimensional spatial perspective, offering valuable insights into the spatial development and coordination discrepancies in the smart city concept. These insights offer evidence-based support for regional planning and optimization strategies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial space is not only a physical space for human survival and development, but also a social and power space that contains the production and reproduction of social relations. This means that territorial spatial planning is no longer just a technical tool for intervening in spatial production but has become a way of governance that reflects national will and government goals. As a public policy, legalization is the necessary route for territorial spatial planning to obtain legitimacy and is also an important way to prove the legitimacy of public power intervening in private rights. The essence of the legalization of territorial spatial planning is 'good laws and good governance.' 'Good laws' are characterized by systemic integrity, scientific content, and guiding functions, while 'good governance' requires a holistic territorial spatial planning governance that is horizontally linked and a 'pressure-feedback' territorial spatial planning governance that is vertically transmitted. The legalization of territorial spatial planning in China is facing multiple challenges, including a lack of top-level design, a weak legal foundation for planning, and an unclear allocation of central and local authority, which are constrained by both internal and external factors. Rights and power inherent in territorial spatial planning and their complex relationships determine that the structuralism of Faquan (the unity of rights and power) centered on 'rights-power' has a more comprehensive explanatory power. The legalization of territorial spatial planning should follow the logic of 'spatial power-spatial rights.' Spatial power is the foundation for the legal construction of territorial spatial planning. The power system of territorial spatial planning includes the provision of spatial development rights, the allocation of spatial planning power, and the establishment of spatial management power. The allocation of power should reflect the requirements of integrity, correspondence, and publicness. The goal of the legalization of territorial spatial planning is the achievement of spatial rights. The spatial rights in territorial spatial planning include compound spatial rights consisting of spatial rights in the narrow sense (spatial property rights) and spatial human rights. The compound attributes of spatial rights and the lack of corresponding laws, as well as the difficulty of appealing for territorial spatial planning as an administrative action, imply that constructing a relief system for spatial rights with 'legislative relief-administrative relief-judicial relief' at its core is practical and necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on three types of domestic alcohol practices: drinking at home, accommodating alcohol products, and crafting alcohol drinks. It explores how Chinese young people associate their emotional, creative, and embodied experiences with domestic alcohol consumption and how the social and material space of home shapes their alcohol-related practices, drawing on a qualitative analysis. We argue that domestic alcohol practices shaped by diverse dwelling patterns can (re)produce the socio-cultural structures and multiplex spatiotemporalities of home. This article can contribute to geographies of alcohol in the domestic sphere by a deep investigation of the relationship between people, the socio-material space of home, alcohol-related practices, and the plural meanings of domestic lives from a non-Western perspective. It can also develop the relational geographies of domestic lives through a nuanced understanding of Chinese young people's relational knowledge, imaginaries and practices that constitute the interplay between alcohol practices and the social, material and atmospheric aspects of home-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon notions of a global higher education policy field and recently theorised conceptions of 'global-local' imbrications in social space, this article explores the complex tensions that characterise the enactment of internationalisation policies in Chinese higher education (HE) and their contrasting effects upon domestic and international students. Ten domestic Chinese and ten international students attending an elite university in China were interviewed. The article reveals that although the Chinese government and universities ostensibly sought to introduce internationalisation policies that 'managed' domestic and international students 'similarly', comparisons of domestic and international students' experiences revealed different ways of recruiting, educating, and hosting domestic and international students; these left the former feeling the system was inequitable and encouraged lower standards, and the latter feeling the system was opaque and difficult to navigate. The study cautions that the political imperative to increase the number of international students as a measure of internationalisation adversely influences efforts to develop sustainable international HE in China, even as the limitations of this approach are increasingly recognised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically understood through a universal-statist framework, modern schooling in contemporary China often contributes to the disenchantment of ethnic students. Based on year-long research in a Tibetan-serving secondary school, we provide additional insight in this discussion. We argue that to treat disenchantment as a fixed state ignores the space-temporal quality of human action. The school's social process is multiple and momentary in nature and often undermines the seemingly linear educational programming. Under the rigid school setting emerge social spaces that expand beyond academic lessons. In those spaces, students continue to interact among themselves and with teachers, where withdrawal and marginalization happen alongside negotiation, appropriation, and participation. While disenchantment anchors the classroom experience of many, it interpenetrates and enmeshes with other aspects of student lives and is interwoven over time. By considering this complex interplay of disenchantment we upend the notion of disenchantment as a singular state, and illustrate this idea through two examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban villages in China are the spatial manifestation of urban informality. Previous research has attributed the proliferation of urban villages to a lack of state regulation or the inability of the state. This research seeks to reconsider state regulation of urban villages in light of a new conception of informality resulting from state action. Through a case study of urban transformation in Shenzhen, this research argues that the state is perpetually (re)producing new urban spaces to serve the evolving capital accumulation regime. Such efforts meet resistance when residents' living areas are affected. Resulting from negotiations and compromise between the local authority and affected residents, informality arises during the social creation of space. To support the ever-changing accumulation regime, the state's policies on urban villages constantly evolve, oscillating between tolerance and exclusion. The state defines which activities are formal versus informal, as well as which informality will flourish versus fade into the background of spatial production. Instead of a binary classification, urban village governance should be viewed as an ongoing process that relies on the state's political-economic objectives and the greater urban process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing costs, including rent, have become a significant economic burden for millions of floating population families in urban China, affecting their living standards and influencing migration decision-making. Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2012 and 2017, this study analyzes the spatial patterns of rent, family income, and the rent-to-income ratio among different regions, cities, and groups. Results show that rent and the rent-to-income ratio have an inverse correlation with the regional economy, with lower ratios observed in eastern coastal areas compared to the central and western regions, especially the northeast. High-level cities record higher incomes, higher rents, and higher rent-to-income ratios, and groups with higher educational levels and occupational characteristics exhibit higher affordability. Rent plays a role in the flow and changes of the floating population, and the housing burden has become a key constraint for long-term residence or migration. Developed provinces and municipalities in the eastern region and high-level cities remain major destinations for migrants, but rising house prices impede permanent settlement through commercial house purchases. The government should consider migrants' demands for housing and increase the supply of subsidized housing, such as public rental housing, for the floating population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the spatial differentiation and driving mechanism of labor flow can effectively promote the flow of urban and rural factors and provide a basis for rural revitalization. This paper used the theory of push and pull for reference to explain the role of push and pull in the process of labor migration. On this basis, the paper analyzed the social space characteristics of labor in Longxi County and explored the impact mechanism of local quality on labor migration. It was found that the characteristics of labor migration in Longxi County had a distance attenuation effect and gravitational effect, and the spatial agglomeration of labor attributes was obvious. This was closely related to local quality differences. The labor migration was conducted under the comprehensive effect of the local quality of the source and destination. The local quality of the source was the basic power of the labor migration. The difference in the local quality between destinations was the main reason for the spatial difference in the number and attributes of the labor force. Specifically, the degree of interconnection and cooperation affected the labor migration distance, and the relatively poor employment income-generating capacity and regional livability in the western underdeveloped regions affected the labor quantity. The young and middle-aged labor force was greatly affected by the regional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork on young white-collar women training bodies after work in Shanghai, I demonstrate that core muscles serve as visual indexes of discipline and hard-work, and that women create social spaces to collectively cultivate such dispositions. The socially sanctioned value of core muscles is connected to the discourse of 'having it all' increasingly popular among professional women in corporate, urban China. This paper elaborates on how bodily training transposes dispositions of work ethics beyond the workplace and on women's anxieties about their bodies at the intersection of productive and reproductive demands from the society. This paper builds on and critiques existing approaches to the body, and attends not only to the woman's body at the intersection of production and reproduction but also to the social aspect of bodily training in spaces between home and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the burgeoning development of urbanization in China, the low-income groups have received attention recently. By applying a linear regression model and utilizing the date from the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey, this study has explored the effects of urban environments on the community trust in low-income groups, paying particular attention to the difference between local residents and migrants in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The empirical findings suggest the following: (1) community trust in low-income groups is influenced by social environment dimension, urban space dimension, and sociodemographic characteristics. Specifically, urbanization rate, population density, POl density, land development intensity, social contact, self-rated health, and age have significant effects on the community trust of low-income groups. (2) For local residents, social environment dimension (social contact), urban space dimension (urbanization rate), and sociodemographic characteristics (political status, hukou status, age, and self-rated health) have significant effects on community trust. (3) In the case of migrants, only the sociodemographic characteristics (working in private enterprises or organizations and in agriculture) have a significant impact on community trust. According to the empirical results, the optimization of physical space and social space should consider low-income groups' needs in livable community planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Promoting the social integration of ecological migrants and identifying the key constraints to their integration are significant issues for social governance and transformation. Most previous studies have not systematically analyzed the level of social integration of migrants from the perspective of spatial ternary dialectics or systematically analyzed physical, social, and spiritual spaces. Based on space production theory, this study used principal component analyses to evaluate the ternary spatial integration level of physical, social, and spiritual spaces of ecological migrants in a specific resettlement area in Yinchuan City, China, and the Tobit regression model was used to identify the key constraint factors. The results demonstrate that the overall socio-spatial integration levels of ecological migrants in Yinchuan City are lower than that of the overall migrant population nationwide, and the levels of their spatial adaptation and spatial practice integration lag behind that of spatial belonging and spatial identity integration. Meanwhile, length of residency, occupation type, monthly income, and household type have facilitating effects on the ecological migrants' social integration, while gender, age, ethnicity, and education levels have insignificant effects. In particular, occupation type is a key factor in promoting social integration and improving employment among ecological migrants. It is concluded that upgrading production skills and raising employment for ecological migrants can foster sustainable social space production patterns, facilitate virtuous cycles, and eliminate inhibiting factors such as lagging spatial practices, regional cultural differences, and socio-spatial deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial system of rural residential areas is a key carrier to support the high‐quality development of rural residential areas. The effective identification of the space quality and its coordinated characteristics of rural residential areas are helpful to provide scientific basis for rural revitalization. From the perspective of space, the high‐quality development of rural residential area may be seen as a state of spatial coordination aiming at rural revitalization under the high‐level development of material space and social space. Taking Ningjin County of Shandong Province as the research area, this paper discusses the quality characteristics of rural residential areas in plains areas through representative case studies. For this purpose, the quality of material space and social space of these areas, and their coordinated development patterns, are obtained using the entropy weight TOPSIS, the mutual exclusivity matrix, and the coordinate quadrant method. Finally, the paper provides an identification of barriers by the obstacle degree diagnosis model and then proposes some quality improvement strategies for rural revitalization. The results show that: (a) The quality of material space and social space of rural residential areas in Ningjin County are medium and high. (b) The coordinated development patterns of material‐social space of rural residential areas in Ningjin County are characterized by medium‐quality‐led, low‐quality second‐class, high‐quality less. (c) The obstacle factors of high‐quality development of rural residential areas in Ningjin County are mainly reflected in the four dimensions of living space, production space, cultural space, and communication space. (d) Rural revitalization in Ningjin County can be achieved through the coordinated optimization of high‐quality development patterns, the focused improvement of medium‐quality development patterns, and the comprehensive consolidation of low‐quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional village is the most basic social space for the inheritance of China's traditional culture, and the social space for the sustenance of nostalgia culture. The traditional village covering valuable tangible culture and intangible culture is a non-renewable traditional cultural heritage. However, with the further development of China's urbanization, traditional villages and the traditional culture carried by traditional villages are gradually disappearing, under the influence of modern production method and lifestyle. How to balance the development of traditional villages with social development and progress has become a problem demanding prompt solution. Taking Mulu Village in Shangri-la City as the example, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the current status of traditional village conservation, and proposes the corresponding development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's massive internal migration is no longer simply rural–urban and circular, but increasingly diversified. Hence, we overview current research into the emerging transition in China's internal migration, present a critique of salient existing studies, and outline how a China variant of Zelinsky's mobility transition theory might, with new sophistication and analytical power, account for the distinctive Chinese features of that momentous transition: its spatio-temporal patterns, and its causes and effects. The proposed thesis will show how parallels and distinctive differences that mark China's internal circular migration have evolved over the last decade. We argue that factors adapted to Chinese circumstances should incorporate appropriate perspectives on demographic transition, social space, trans -locality and multi-locality in migration, socio-spatial inequality, and new-style urbanisation. We highlight also the need for more sophisticated methods, and propose the use of 2020 China Census and longitudinal and time-series survey datasets to analyse the scale, processes, causal mechanisms, and outcomes of the transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Location-based social media data can offer useful insights on the spatial and temporal dynamics of public attitudes. In this study, we aim to investigate the gendered attitudes toward transit services in China, utilizing the case of Shenzhen. We collected 44,257 Weibo microblogs, a major source of social media data in China, and applied a series of text mining and visualization techniques to examine the gender differences among our focused themes. The microblogs reveal a distinct gender gap in terms of quantity, as nearly 74% are posted by women. While women tend to be more concerned about the comfort of transit environment (e.g., temperature, crowdedness, and safety, especially at night), men tend to be more interested in transit systems' e-payment services and reporting traffic incidents. Overall, this study presents a methodological framework and empirical case study about how we can utilize certain social media mining techniques to investigate gendered, subjective travel experiences, providing researchers and practitioners with an innovative way to gather customer service feedback and build more inclusive service systems. • Women's voices are often neglected or suppressed in traditional transport planning. • We examine social media data from Weibo to understand gendered perceptions. • We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to extract latent "topics" from the posts. • Women differ from men regarding the perceived safety concerns and comfort levels. • Gendered perceptions toward transit services vary across space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basic tendencies of enterprises' innovative development management have been considered from the perspective of postfordist tranformations. It has been determined that mobility is a specificity of postfordist industrial management. Mobility provides dispersion of structural subdivisions all over the world, it doesn't need any governmental support and strict control. Total diversification of the kind allows to implement «high» technologies through global data revolution practically into all spheres of social life. The evolution of social relations types from feudalism up to Post-Fordism has been provided and their specifics defined. Analytical studies carried out have enabled to discover formed world innovative centres and – from global economic perspective – those of half-peripheral countries with low level of innovative development. The directions of China management of innovative development, whose combined innovation level steadily increases, have been described. It has been determined that a great many of world countries is not currently being on the postfordist stage, since an industrial labour is characteristic for them which defines their type as traditional or early industrial pre-modern. We've also found that innovation development governance at the global level through the prism of postfordist transformations manifests itself in looking for niche, strict subordination to global market mechanisms, decentralization under control of transnational corporations; at the national level: in decentration of social space and thinking, marginalization of urban population, migration; at the meso level: in orientation on consumer needs, considerable mobility of production, individualization under global standardization; at the micro level: in project approach, faster time to market, cost minimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How ruling elite arrange and maintain their power-sharing is key to our understanding of authoritarian politics. We analyze the dynamics of elite power-sharing in authoritarian regimes using a network framework that embeds actors onto a low-dimensional space. We also introduce a novel dataset tracking appearances of elite Chinese Community Party (CCP) members at political events. Our framework and data allow us to disentangle three key aspects of CCP elite power-sharing: (1) who are in charge, (2) who do I work with, and (3) who are my friends. Using a latent factor network analysis of approximately 10,000 appearance records of over 200 top CCP elites from 2013 to 2017, we empirically assess these three questions by computing elites' total appearances, dyadic coappearances, and their distance in a latent social space. We test how well these three indicators fare at predicting elites' appointments to the leading small groups (LSGs) of the CCP Central Committee and the Central Government, and from that analysis are able to highlight the need to account for the indirect ties elites share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various "rich lists" indicate that China now has one of the highest percentages of super rich people worldwide. However, very little is known about their sociopolitical profiles. Based on the annual Hurun China Rich Lists from 2000 to 2018, we created a new dataset of China's super rich that combines information from various sources. Using a multiple correspondent analysis, we reveal that the social spaces of China's super rich are derived from their political, cultural, and social capital. The Chinese super rich are mainly distinguished by their cultural and political capital, while their social capital is not fully independent from political capital. We also identify a division among the super‐rich who first appeared on the rich list during different periods. These divisions can inform the understanding of the emergence of the super‐rich in an economy that has only recently embraced capitalism and can help predict their evolution in an increasingly glocalized system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the visions, careers, and companies of Jack Ma of Alibaba and Geng Le of Blue City. Jack Ma is a well-known business leader and visionary, whereas the less well-known Geng Le only began to receive more attention since launching a successful gay dating app in 2012. The article focuses on the personal narratives and visions of these two IT entrepreneurs. It provides new perspectives on the role of individual entrepreneurs in relation to the Chinese state's global ambitions and vision of creating a "strong internet country." It argues that the commercialisation and platformisation of the Chinese internet, and the growing transnational nature of Chinese IT companies, serve to make them more, not less, co-dependent of the state and its visions. The internet's emancipatory potential is today increasingly conflated with consumption, and online spaces and social relations are subject to both commodification and datafication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Tourism' has been regarded as an essential driving force behind destination changes. On reflection, it is essentially not tourism, but the mechanisms underlying destination development process that lead to the changes. However, very few studies have explored these mechanisms with the majority of work simply comparing the pre- and post-tourism stages to conclude the effects of tourism on destinations. The current study builds on Lefebvre's social space production epistemology to establish a conceptual framework to decipher the mechanisms. It was illustrated using the context of the Muslim community in Sanya, Hainan Province, China. Results demonstrate that the dynamic relationship between capital, culture and power initiated the production of the community space. Capital facilitated the production of 'spatial practices', which interacted with the 'representations of space' dominated by the (administrative) power and the 'representational space' produced by the Muslim culture. Theoretical implications of the framework for social changes are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban redevelopment in China has opened up new spaces for the articulation of social distinction, as well as new configurations of social inequality. This article offers a historical, conceptual and theoretical approach to understanding these configurations, based on the continuation of socialist-era inequalities and the emergence of new inequalities based on neoliberalism. Using insights from Pierre Bourdieu, I argue that suzhi, as well as the institutional legacies of the hukou and danwei systems, can help us understand how, and why, the benefits of redevelopment are unequally distributed amid changes to the built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the linguistic landscape (LL) signs of an "urban village" inhabited by rural–urban migrant workers in suburban Beijing. Migrant workers have moved to urban centers for low-skill low-income jobs on a massive scale over past decades as China has undergone rapid economic changes. Some of them start to invest their time and energy in building a new workers' community and in constructing urban workers' identities through linguistic and semiotic practices. Producing and displaying LL signage is part of this identity construction process. In this study, I present three examples to analyze the relationship between space, LL signs and identity construction. Ethnography allows me not only to observe the LL signs as semiotic resources but also to approach the authors and the audience and to find out their uptake of the signs. The results show that the LL signs shape social meanings of the space and the space in turn is agentive in constructing its inhabitants' identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper examines the potential role of Chinese outbound tourism as a catalyst of change for the Macanese identity. There is an emerging trend to have a new identity amongst Macanese residents to valorize cultural and heritage assets. By using Bourdieu's concept of habitus, it proposes that the social media space is built to voice concerns of language, place attachment and induced public participation. The study utilizes a mixed method approach comprising a survey for netizens and content analysis of online discussions, in order to fully understand changes due to Chinese outbound tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Focus on community work for the betterment of floating children. • Use social network analysis within a Bourdieusian lens. • Analyse social groupings and the structures behind them. • Look at "small things" that are sociologically meaningful for social change. Drawing on Bourdieu's sociology, the concept of space in particular, this paper discussed the positions and dispositions of floating children in the urban space. It used social network analysis to test the homophily hypothesis that socially similar agents are physically proximate. Data were collected from 45 floating children and urban children in a community school in China. The results rejected the homophily hypothesis, calling for collective activism for small-scale but sociologically meaningful change to disrupt the correspondence between the physical and social distance established through the "site effects" of the hukou (household registration) system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Civilisations is the property of Institut de Sociologie - ULB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The analysis in this paper reveals that on the individual level, the institutional framework continues to exert a profound impact on social organizations' forms and civic engagement in China. The CGSS2012-based analysis leads to the following findings. For a start, political party members and danwei employees demonstrate a higher degree of social organizational involvement and civic engagement. In the meanwhile, the party members' role in promoting civic engagement is achieved to some extent through mediating effect of social organizations. Next, various types of social organizations have significantly increased civic engagement on a practical level. Finally, income plays a large role to increase the individuals' organizational involvement, albeit with no obvious influence on civic engagement in practice. These findings are significant in the following ways. First, from an empirical perspective, the current institutional design for social organizations to participate in social governance has delivered the expected results. Second, it confirmed the existence of activists with distinct features in social life as well as the integration of multiple governing networks in social space at grassroots level. Third, in theory, this paper noted that apart from institutional environment of technical governance by bureaucratic government, institutional framework constitutes an important institutional foundation for the development of social organizations, giving rise to the need of further discussions about the interaction mechanism between political parties and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As tourists from China account for a larger and larger share of Nepal's tourism economy, Jyatha—a small neighborhood in Kathmandu—has absorbed a substantial portion of the Chinese businesses catering to this booming demographic. Its landscape is heavily populated with Chinese businesses, leading Nepalis (and others) to increasingly refer to the space with the English term "Chinatown." Drawing on Low's (2000) and Chuang and Trémon's (2013) conceptual frameworks of space, this article analyzes three central dimensions to the emergence of a Chinatown in Jyatha. First, it describes the social production of Chinatown space, the physical conversion of the material landscape. Specifically, I analyze the prevalence and prominence of commercial signs as a proxy for quantifying the degree of Chinese incursion into Jyatha. Second, the article turns to the social construction of Chinatown space, or the way in which the material space of Jyatha gets encoded with ambivalent meanings. Nepali narrations of the neighborhood highlight local anxieties regarding cultural autonomy and, more acutely, differential economic advantage. Third, the article discusses the social situation of Chinatown space, or the way in which the site of Jyatha gets discursively rescaled to address regional and global concerns. Nepalis frequently understand Jyatha to embody broader geopolitical narratives—regarding China's ascendance on the world stage, and especially as this relates to the Nepal's regional center of gravity vis‐à‐vis India. These three aspects—production, construction, and situation—converge in Jyatha. Through such practices, Nepalis simultaneously reiterate and contest the emergence of Chinatown. In so doing, they discursively challenge sociopolitical, economic, and spatial inequality at several scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes Wujing Township of Shanghai as a typical case to examine the process and dynamics of the production of rural space in China. Although Shanghai has generally become more urbanised and globalised than ever, the rural area in Shanghai is relatively marginalised. Production of space, as a social theory focusing on interactions between capital, power and class and their impacts on urbanisation, is applied into one such micro-scale case of community development. There are three categories of social space separations in Wujing. The main driving force of producing these separations is power: top-down policymaking represses bottom-up community self-organising. Rising housing prices driven by capital not only makes the locals only care for benefit from housing demolition, but also enlarges the gap between the locals and the migrants. It is the increasing strength of capital and power and weakened local voices that undermine community-based social space in Wujing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Foreign language education could provide generative spaces for social transformation and justice through cultivating students' political and ethical responsibilities. • Pedagogies of discomfort and empathy could be robustly enacted in a higher education setting in China with explicit teacher guidance for students to engage in difficult socio-political issues using literature and arts. This paper explores a project-based inquiry designed to foster EFL learners' critical global thinking in a higher education setting in mainland China. Embedded in the conceptualization of foreign language education through pedagogies of discomfort and empathy, the purpose of this qualitative study with 25 university EFL learners is to sensitize students about issues of global human rights violation and nurture intercultural empathy, empowerment, and hospitality beyond national borders. In this way, foreign language education could provide generative spaces for social transformation and justice through cultivating students' political and ethical responsibilities. This paper shows how this conceptualization was robustly enacted in a higher education setting in China with explicit teacher guidance for students to engage in difficult socio-political issues using literature and arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resettled rural communities are a product of China’s rapid urbanisation and associated top-down planning. For local governments, relocating farmers from natural villages into new, concentrated residential neighbourhoods serves the dual purpose of implementing national directives on farmland conservation and integrated urban–rural planning. For resettled residents, however, the transition process is fraught with livelihood, social and cultural contest. This paper explores how such residents in a Chinese city, Zhenjiang, exercise agency to reconstruct community and public space in their new neighbourhood. Keeping alive patterns and practice of thoughts acquired during their rural lives, habitus, resettled residents have deployed their new spatial situation in creative ways. Pre-existing social fabric and mutual benefit-sharing provide the foundation for spatial adaptation and transformation, allowing residents to achieve a sense of normalcy or even to recreate village life. Theoretically, our analysis highlights the importance of situating spatial agency within the context of shifting regime of property rights and its effect on the maintenance of habitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the banner of integrated urban-rural development in China, increasingly more rural population is being concentrated into large, new residential areas. For resettled residents, the rural-urban transition is rapid and affects multiple facets of their lives. This paper explores the effects of the transition on residents' social relations, drawing on the experience of resettled villagers in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. It addresses three research questions. First, how are such effects manifested in residents' social interactions and sources of social support? Second, how are these effects vary by socioeconomic attributes of residents? Third, in what ways have residents deployed the spaces of social interaction to enhance their own wellbeing? We show that for resettled rural residents, both the scope and composition of social relations have widened. In particular, those with higher income, increased household assets, or workplace located within the neighborhood are experiencing larger scope of social relations and more diverse subjects of interaction. Our analysis also points to less desirable consequences, as reflected in limited social engagement by residents with fewer financial resources and employment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecommunication infrastructure that enables mobile communication has penetrated all regions of China with unprecedented speed. Tibetan pastoral regions in the north of Sichuan are no exception. Along with road and urban construction, the enlarged telecommunication system has become part of the landscape. Tibetan pastoralists' mobility patterns and forms of communication have been affected by these developments, and spatial practices have undergone significant transformation. One aspect in which spatial transformations become manifest is in the increased tendency of pastoralists to visit towns. This has contributed to a growth in the number of teahouses and similar gathering places where pastoralists converge. This paper examines how pastoralists embed mobile communication into fixed-place sociability located in towns. It argues that, although mobile communication implies mobility, helping people living in remote areas maintain contact over distance, it is in fact used as a tool of contact and interaction in the centralised location of towns and teahouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between netizens and the Chinese Communist Party by investigating examples of "flesh searches" targeting corrupt officials. Case studies link the initiative of netizens and the reaction of the Chinese state to the pattern of management of social space in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how China's heterogeneous African population contributes to shaping new types of social spaces in Chinese cities. We analyse how their different types of collective ( primary and corporate) agency work in the creation of transient spaces, that is, translocal and transforming spaces in Guangzhou and Foshan, China. A mixed-methods research approach was applied to cover the breadth and depth of African merchants' social spaces in both cities. The results indicate that many African merchants are mobile individuals linked across China and across national borders to their home countries and other countries in which they have lived and worked. Whereas other authors have looked into traders' migration pathways via Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, and Macao to China, our results also stress the importance of previous intermediate stations, particularly in West African states, South Africa, and Dubai. The transiency of the social spaces of Africans is underlined by the high mobility of many of them, including the great inflow of new migrants with trajectories that are often informed by living in or experiencing a variety of other societies, business environments, and living and working conditions. Through their translocal and transnational activities, experiences, and trajectories, African merchants contribute to the emergence of new transient spaces in both cities, as well as to successful business performance, which also benefits the Chinese economy and society. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how urban compactness is linked to ecosystem services is crucial for sustainable spatial planning and allows decision–makers to better assess the strengths and weaknesses of compactness options. Yet it is still unknown whether urban compactness is conducive to supporting various ecosystem services. In this study, urban compactness is conceptualised into physical space, social space, urban function and social activity organisation. Drawing on a case study of the Wuhan metropolitan area in China, we aim to address the impacts of urban compactness on ecosystem services (food production, carbon storage, habitat quality and recreation service) utilising ordinary least squares, geographically weighted regression and multiscale geographically weighted regression models at the grid scale. The results indicate that urban compactness has the highest negative correlation with food production, followed by carbon storage and habitat quality. In contrast, urban compactness is positively correlated with recreation service. In relational interpretation, the geographically weighted regression model effectively identifies spatial heterogeneity and improves the explanatory power compared to ordinary least squares. Furthermore, the multiscale geographically weighted regression model with different bandwidths as the effective method reveals local relationships between urban compactness and ecosystem services, as well as spatially non–stationary associations, which are particularly critical in the investigation of complex and heterogeneous urban landscapes. The contributions of different urban compactness factors to ecosystem services vary considerably. For example, the impacts of building density, information entropy of land use structure, land development intensity and public service density on ecosystem services are on a global scale. In contrast, the bandwidth of the percentage of ecological land in total land is smaller, indicating a higher level of spatial heterogeneity in its impact. These results contribute to decision–making criteria for sustainable urban development policies and urban ecological landscape management. [Display omitted] • Understand the heterogeneity of urban compactness on ecosystem services. • A comprehensive index system to measure urban compactness is proposed. • Their relationship highlights scale effects and non–stationary by various bandwidths. • Effects of various compactness factors on ecosystem services at global/local scales. • Sustainable development balancing compactness and ecosystem services is advocated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abstraction of space in ‘new’ media theory, together with the preoccupation with space in Asian studies, demands a rethinking of the time–space relationship in terms of Asia and digital media. This essay explores how spatiotemporal consciousness is articulated in the locational aesthetics of contemporary Chinese digital media, specifically the thematic interest in examining everyday space; the self-reflexive and experimental aesthetic that locates the media practitioner in the social space; and the creation of the independent artistic space. To accomplish this, this paper scrutinizes the practices of two art/film groups, Big Tail Elephants and u-thèque, in particular a digital documentary projectSanyuanli, for a broader consideration of their narrative experimentations, locational styles, site-specific practices, and negotiations with the spatiotemporality of the so-called Special Economic Zones. Specifically, this paper looks at how the locational aesthetics employed in digital filmmaking confirm and contest spatiotemporal constructions the Special Zones that reinforce the pre-existing urban-rural divide, naturalize the biopolitical management of the migrant workers, and contribute to a new developmental narrative of the state that endorses linear and progressive temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]