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With rapid industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between the human exploitation of land production and living functions and natural ecosystem service functions has intensified. The issues of how to coordinate the exploitation and conservation functions of land and guide the rational distribution of human activities have become important for global sustainable development, especially considering the realization that multifunctional land use is an effective way to relieve land pressure and improve land use efficiency, that land multifunction has significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity, and that there is a mutual promotion and stress relationship between multifunctional land use. However, few existing studies have discussed the decoupling relationship among land use functions. In this study, a system of 10 sub-functions and 25 indicators was established based on the production function (PDF), living function (LVF), and ecological function (ELF) for 59 cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). There are both subjective and objective procedures employed to determine the weights, while an exploratory spatial data analysis is used to analyze the time-based and territorial changes in various functions of land use in the study area from 2000 to 2020. The decoupling relationship between the three functions is detected utilizing the theoretical foundation of the decoupling analysis. The results show that land use is multifunctional, LUFs develop unevenly, and their spatial distribution varies substantially. The results of the decoupling analysis demonstrate that the predominant types of correlations among the land use ELF and PDF and LVF over the research period are strong decoupling and strong negative decoupling correlations, with the former being a dilemma and the latter being a sustainable type of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat is a prevalent soil-borne disease worldwide and poses a significant threat to the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China, with F. pseudograminearum being the dominant pathogen. Currently, there is a shortage of biocontrol resources to control FCR induced by F. pseudograminearum, along with biocontrol mechanisms. In this study, we have identified 37 strains of biocontrol bacteria displaying antagonistic effects against F. pseudograminearum from over 8000 single colonies isolated from soil samples with a high incidence of FCR. Among them, QY43 exhibited remarkable efficacy in controlling FCR. Further analysis identified the isolate QY43 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on its colony morphology and molecular biology. In vitro, QY43 significantly inhibited the growth, conidial germination, and the pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. In addition, QY43 exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities against several plant pathogens. The genomics analysis revealed that there are genes encoding potential biocontrol factors in the genome of QY43. The experimental results confirmed that QY43 secretes biocontrol factor siderophores and pyocyanin. In summary, QY43 exhibits a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities and the capacity to produce diverse biocontrol factors, thereby showing substantial potential for biocontrol applications to plant disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Soybean is one of the most economically important crops worldwide and an important source of unsaturated fatty acids and protein for the human diet. Consumer demand for healthy fats and oils is increasing, and the global demand for vegetable oil is expected to double by 2050. Identification of key genes that regulate seed fatty acid content can facilitate molecular breeding of high‐quality soybean varieties with enhanced fatty acid profiles. Here, we analysed the genetic architecture underlying variations in soybean seed fatty acid content using 547 accessions, including mainly landraces and cultivars from northeastern China. Through fatty acid profiling, genome re‐sequencing, population genomics analyses, and GWAS, we identified a SEIPIN homologue at the FA9 locus as an important contributor to seed fatty acid content. Transgenic and multiomics analyses confirmed that FA9 was a key regulator of seed fatty acid content with pleiotropic effects on seed protein and seed size. We identified two major FA9 haplotypes in 1295 resequenced soybean accessions and assessed their phenotypic effects in a field planting of 424 accessions. Soybean accessions carrying FA9H2 had significantly higher total fatty acid contents and lower protein contents than those carrying FA9H1. FA9H2 was absent in wild soybeans but present in 13% of landraces and 26% of cultivars, suggesting that it may have been selected during soybean post‐domestication improvement. FA9 therefore represents a useful genetic resource for molecular breeding of high‐quality soybean varieties with specific seed storage profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of water quality contributes to the intelligent management of water resources. Water quality indices have time series characteristics and nonlinearity, but the existing models only focus on the forward time series when long short-term memory (LSTM) is introduced and do not consider the parallel computation on the model. Owing to this, a new neural network called LSTM-multihead attention (LMA) was constructed to predict water quality, using long short-term memory to process time series data and multihead attention for parallel computing and extracting feature information. Additionally, water quality indices have the issues of multiple data types and complex data correlations, as well as missing data and abnormal data problems in water quality data. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes a water quality prediction model called GRA-LMA-based linear interpolation, gray relational analysis and LMA. Two experiments are carried out to verify the predictive performance of the GRA-LMA with the water quality data of the Huaihe River Basin as a case study sample. The first experiment focuses on data processing, including the processing of missing data and abnormal data of water quality data, and the correlation analysis of water quality indices. Linear interpolation is adapted to process the missing data, while a combination of boxplot and histogram is adopted to analyze and eliminate the abnormal data, which is then repaired the abnormal data with linear interpolation. The gray relational analysis is adopted to calculate the correlation between different water quality indices, and water quality indices with high correlation are retained to determine the input variables of the water quality prediction model. The data processing results demonstrate that repairs can be made using linear interpolation without altering the pattern of data change and the model by using the gray relational analysis to reduce the quantity of data it needs as input. In the second experiment, the predictive capacity of GRA-LMA and existing models such as backpropagation neural network (BP), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gate recurrent unit (GRU) was evaluated and compared using different numerical and graphical performance evaluation metrics. Comparative experimental results show that the mean square error of pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen of GRA-LMA is reduced to 0.05890, 0.40196, 0.32454, 0.04368, 14.71003, 8.13252, 0.01558, and 0.14345. The results indicate that GRA-LMA has superior adaptability for predicting various water quality indices and can significantly lower the induced prediction error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local land use carbon budget (LUCB) balance is an important factor in achieving regional carbon neutrality. As the basic unit of China's economic development and social governance, the county level is an important part of the realization of the "double carbon" goal. This paper focuses on 1069 county units within the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). It utilizes data on land use, nighttime light, energy consumption, and social and economic factors to construct carbon emission models. The spatiotemporal characteristics of LUCB in these county units are analyzed using standard deviational ellipse (SDE) and spatial autocorrelation methods. Additionally, a zoning study is conducted by examining the economic contribution coefficient (ECC) of carbon emissions, the ecological support coefficient (ESC), and their coupling relationship. The results show that (1) the total land use carbon emissions (LUCE) increased significantly during the research period, and the total carbon sink was relatively stable. (2) The LUCB is spatially high in the east and low in the west, with the center of gravity moving to the southwest as a whole. (3) The LUCB shows positive spatial autocorrelation and has significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, which are mainly high–high and low–low regional agglomeration types. (4) The ECC is high in the east and low in the west, the ESC is high in the west and low in the east, and the coordination and coupling degrees of the two are low. (5) According to the ECC and ESC, the county unit is divided into a low-carbon conservation area, an economic development area, a carbon sink development area, and a comprehensive optimization area. This study is helpful in promoting the sustainable development of carbon neutrality and low carbon in the YREB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the effect of sex on the short-time prognosis in two different age subgroups (≤55 years old and >55 years old). Methods: From January 2009 to 2019, 1522 patients with DeBakey I acute aortic dissection (AAD) underwent frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement at a Tertiary Center in China were divided into female group (n = 324) and male group (n = 1198). The demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, management, short-term outcomes were described in the different sex groups. The risk factors of 30-days mortality for females and males were identified by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Then, random Forest regression was used to analyze the association between age and 30-days mortality in the different sexes groups. The cut-off age for 30-days mortality in females was then identified as 55 years. The patients were divided into two subgroups: young patients (≤55 years old) and elderly patients (>55 years old). Clinical prognosis between different sex groups was further compared in the age subgroups. Results: Approximately four-fifths of the patients were males. Males with DeBakey I AAD were younger than females (47 vs 52 years; p < 0.01). The proportion of males gradually declined with age. The cut-off age for 30-days mortality in females and males was identified as 55 years old and 63 years old, respectively. In young patients (≤55 years old), the 30-days mortality rate for females was lower than males (hazard ratio [HR, 2.02, p < 0.05). Following adjustment using the multivariable Cox regression analysis, females were identified as an independent protective factor for 30-days mortality (HR, 2.24, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Our study showed that females present with DeBakey I AAD less frequently than males and they tend to present with DeBakey AAD later in life. In young patients, females had better early outcomes despite similar time for symptom onset to diagnosis and surgical technique than males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flowering time and active accumulated temperature (AAT) are two key factors that limit the expanded production especially for soybean across different regions. Wild soybean provides an important germplasm for functional genomics study in cultivar soybean. However, the studies on genetic basis underlying flowering time in response to AAT especially in wild soybean were rarely reported. In this study, we used 294 wild soybean accessions derived from major soybean production region characterized by different AAT in Northeast of China. Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified 96 SNPs corresponded to 342 candidate genes that significantly associated with flowering time recorded in two-year experiments. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis suggests that the pathways of photosynthesis light reaction and actin filament binding were significantly enriched. We found three lead SNPs with -log10(p-value) > 32 across the two-year experiments, i.e., Chr02:9490318, Chr04:8545910 and Chr09:49553555. Linkage disequilibrium block analysis shows 28 candidate genes within the genomic region centered on the lead SNPs. Among them, expression levels of three genes (aspartic peptidase 1, serine/threonine-protein kinase and protein SCAR2-like) were significantly differed between two subgroups possessing contrasting flowering time distributed at chromosome 2, 4 and 9, respectively. There are 6, 7 and 3 haplotypes classified on the coding regions of the three genes, respectively. Collectively, accessions with late flowering time phenotype are typically derived from AAT zone 1, which is associated with the haplotypic distribution and expression levels of the three genes. This study provides an insight into a potential mechanism responsible for flowering time in response to AAT in wild soybean, which could promote the understanding of genetic basis for other major crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spatiotemporal patterns and impact factors of LUCE were studied at the county level. • The center of gravity of China's county LUCE was constantly moving to the northwest. • LUCE showed positive spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial agglomeration. • Stable path dependence and spatial locking were observed in county-level LUCE. • The main factors influencing LUCE in China's counties were GDP and carbon intensity. Counties play a foundational role in China's economic progress and the governance of society. Studying land use carbon emissions (LUCE) at the county level is crucial for meeting China's dual carbon targets, which facilitate the decomposition of national emission reduction targets, thereby enabling more refined management and control and enhancing the precision and effectiveness of local-level emission reduction measures. However, prior research into LUCE has mainly concentrated on national and provincial levels. In this study, we calculated the LUCE of China's counties using data for nighttime light, land use, and energy consumption. Based on this foundation, we studied the spatiotemporal patterns and impact factors of LUCE in Chinese counties from 2000 to 2020. The research findings were as follows: (1) LUCE continued to increase over the study period, and its center of gravity (CGY) continued to move to the northwest. (2) There was a positive spatial autocorrelation of LUCE with an obvious spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration. (3) LUCE's local spatial pattern remained stable, with strong spatial integration and dependence, and its spatial correlation was relatively stable, with obvious path-locking characteristics. (4) LUCE was primarily influenced by GDP and carbon intensity. The study's findings have implications for China's carbon reduction strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Previous studies on initial public offerings (IPOs) in mature stock markets have documented that high‐reputation underwriters primarily work with high‐quality firms and vice versa—that is, they are paired through a quality‐matching mechanism. We propose that in a nascent stock market, a pricing mechanism may also play a role, through which pricing (the underwriting fee) sets the pairing. We examine these two mechanisms in the context of China's ChiNext stock exchange, which was launched in 2009 and experienced dramatic regulatory improvements in 2012–2013. With data on IPOs in 2009–2017, we find evidence to support the pricing mechanism's effect before the regulatory improvements and the quality‐matching mechanism's effect after the improvements. We contribute to the literature by developing an evolutionary view on the pairing mechanisms between important capital market participants. Managerial Summary: In a mature stock market, underwriter reputation signals the underlying quality of initial public offering (IPO) firms to external investors because high‐reputation underwriters primarily work with high‐quality IPO firms and vice versa. We find that in a nascent stock market before the market experiences regulatory improvements, underwriters and IPO firms are paired through a pricing mechanism. That is, underwriters with higher reputation charge higher underwriting fees, and IPO firms with lower quality pay higher fees. Since the pricing mechanism rather than the quality‐matching mechanism sets the pairing, underwriter reputation does not have a signaling effect. Instead, we find that higher underwriting fees signal lower quality of IPO firms. Our findings shed important insights on how market participants are paired in other nascent markets, nascent technology fields and industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is having a dramatic effect on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Upon the emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Chinese government dispatched about 42 000 HCWs to Wuhan City and Hubei Province to fight this pandemic. This study briefly examines front‐line nurses who experienced burnout, with the main objective of investigating the mediating roles of positive and negative affect in the relationship between resilience and burnout in Wuhan hospitals at the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A total of 180 front‐line nurses voluntarily participated via a social media group. They completed the online questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC), demographics, and work‐related characteristics. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine the mediating effect of positive and negative affect on the relationship between resilience and burnout. The total prevalence of burnout was 51.7%, of which 15.0% were severe burnout. These preliminary results revealed that positive and negative affect fully mediated the effects of resilience on burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment of front‐line nurses. It is necessary to know the impact of resilience on HCWs with burnout through the positive and negative affect of individual backgrounds and situations, and how policymakers can deploy resilience interventions to support front‐line HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate the substitution effect between formal and informal institutions based on a natural experiment in China, i.e., the targeted reserve requirement ratio cut (TRRRC) policy. TRRRC creates a large and persistent discontinuity affecting loan availability for small and micro‐enterprises (SMEs) with sales below specific cut‐offs. Using the regression discontinuity design, we show that the trade credit of SMEs is significantly lower for firms with sales below the cut‐offs, indicating a substitution effect of banking loan on trade credit. Our findings are more pronounced for firms with poor product market performance, weak mortgage capability, young age, and poor financial environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts (TRRRCs) on tax avoidance among small and micro enterprises (SMEs) with operating revenues below specific cutoffs in China. Using a regression discontinuity design, we causally show that, by increasing loan availability, TRRRCs significantly alleviate the financial constraints and cash dependence of SMEs and consequently reduce tax avoidance. This is especially the case among firms with lower market power and higher entertainment and travel costs. Our findings provide evidence for the real effect of TRRRCs on corporate tax avoidance and show the inclusive effect of TRRRCs on SMEs. In doing so, we indirectly reveal a rent-seeking channel underlying bank lending, thus offering clear policy implications for regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum and are newly emerging diseases of wheat in China. In this study, we characterized FpPPR1 , a gene that encodes a protein with 12 pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. The radial growth rate of the Δ Fpppr1 deletion mutant was significantly slower than the wild type strain WZ-8A on potato dextrose agar plates and exhibited significantly smaller colonies with sector mutations. The aerial mycelium of the mutant was almost absent in culture tubes. The Δ Fpppr1 mutant was able to produce spores, but spores of abnormal size and altered conidium septum shape were produced with a significant reduction in sporulation compared to wild type. Δ Fpppr1 failed to cause disease on wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves using mycelia plugs or spore suspensions. The mutant phenotypes were successfully restored to the wild type levels in complemented strains. FpPpr1-GFP signals in spores and mycelia predominantly overlapped with Mito-tracker signals, which substantiated the mitochondria targeting signal prediction of FpPpr1. RNAseq revealed significant transcriptional changes in the Δ Fpppr1 mutant with 1,367 genes down-regulated and 1,333 genes up-regulated. NAD-binding proteins, thioredoxin, 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster binding domain proteins, and cytochrome P450 genes were significantly down-regulated in Δ Fpppr1 , implying the dysfunction of mitochondria-mediated reductase redox stress in the mutant. The mating type idiomorphic alleles MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2 , and MAT1-1-3 in F. pseudograminearum were also down-regulated after deletion of FpPPR1 and validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, 21 genes encoding putative heterokaryon incompatibility proteins were down-regulated. The yellow pigmentation of the mutant was correlated with reduced expression of PKS12 cluster genes. Taken together, our findings on FpPpr1 indicate that this PPR protein has multiple functions in fungal asexual development, regulation of heterokaryon formation, mating-type, and pathogenesis in F. pseudograminearum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common complication and the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accelerated atherosclerosis is a pathophysiological process that is vital to the occurrence of cardiovascular complications associated with CKD. Abnormal platelet activation is not only the leading cause of atherosclerosis but also plays a critical role in the occurrence of thrombotic events. Currently, antiplatelet drugs are commonly used as a secondary prevention strategy for high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease and can reduce the risk of CVD in the susceptible population. However, the benefits and evidence of using antiplatelet agents in patients with CKD remain controversial. This study aimed to determine whether antiplatelet therapy can safely prevent atherosclerosis in patients with CKD in the primary care setting.Methods/design: The ALTAS-CKD study is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 554 adult patients with stage 3-5 non-dialysis-dependent CKD recruited from 10 territory medical centers in China. A secured web-based computer randomization system will be used to administer aspirin 100 mg once daily or a matching inactive placebo for 36 months. The primary endpoint will be the occurrence of atherosclerosis, as measured by carotid ultrasonography. The secondary endpoints will be combined cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and 50% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate. TRIAL REGISTRATION {2A}: Current controlled trials number: ChiCTR1900021393 . Registered on 18 February 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the development process of the construction of soil environmental quality standards in China is reviewed, and the construction situation of soil environmental quality standards in typical developed countries is introduced. According to characteristics of soil environment and practice of soil environment management in China, the relevant suggestions are discussed, thereby further perfecting construction work of soil environmental quality standards in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine how intercommunity relationships affect the growth of organizational communities. Using a unique panel dataset on 53 technology development communities in China spanning 1988–2000, we found that regional community density, a community's geographic proximity to the nearest community and its domain overlap with the nearest community have an inverted U-shaped relationship with the community's growth. These non-monotonic results suggest that adjacent communities have both mutualistic and competitive effects on each other. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon the resource-based view and transaction cost economics, this study aims to examine how various types of managerial resources (i.e., political networking and functional experience) can be beneficial to new ventures in a transition economy. Using survey data from a sample of new ventures in China's high-technology industries, we demonstrate that managers' political networking and functional experience are positively related to new venture performance. We also find that the positive relationship between functional experience and new venture performance is moderated by the type of ownership of the ventures and the level of dysfunctional competition in their environments. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a strong normative bias toward the inherent value of trust among both marketing researchers and practitioners. Yet there is little empirical evidence of a positive impact of trust on performance. Indeed, scholars suggest that the sources of trust may provide opportunities for its abuse. Following this line of thinking, the authors investigate the dual roles of sales controls and supervisor behaviors as antecedents of salespeople's belief in the benevolence of the supervisor (i.e., supervisee trust). The authors then examine these antecedents as moderators of the relationship between supervisee trust and sales performance in the context of selling new products. Data on field salespeople from high-technology firms in China and the United States suggest that factors such as supervisor accessibility engender supervisee trust but do not necessarily enhance its impact on sales performance. In the Chinese sample, supervisee trust enhances sales performance when output control is adopted, when the supervisor has a higher level of achievement orientation style, and when the salesperson has higher role ambiguity. Furthermore, the results suggest that the supervisee trust-sales performance relationship is negative when supervisor accessibility is high. With the exception of achievement orientation and supervisor accessibility, these effects are negative or nonexistent in the U.S. sample. The authors discuss theoretical and practical implications of the study's findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the effect of product innovation strategy on the performance of new technology ventures in China, we found the innovation-performance link was contingent on both environmental factors, including environmental turbulence and institutional support, and the relationship-based strategies of the ventures, such as strategic alliances for product development and political networking. Our results suggest the need for simultaneous consideration of environment- and relationship-based strategy factors as moderators in the discourse on product innovation strategy among new technology ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is the most common life-threatening disorder, and MMP-2 is involved in TAD pathogenesis. Our purpose is to systematically evaluate the association of the MMP-2 gene with TAD risk in Chinese Han population.Methods: In our case-control study, we recruited 755 unrelated participants: 315 case participants with TAD and 440 controls. Twenty-two tag SNPs were selected from MMP-2 gene and were genotyped. Genotype data were analyzed by logistic regression.Results: Although we did not find any significant association for MMP-2 SNPs using single-marker analysis, we identified many windows with haplotype frequencies significantly different between case participants and control participants using a variable-sized sliding-window strategy. In particular, the most significant association was shown by a 2-SNP window consisting of rs2241145 and rs9928731 (omnibus test: asymptotic Pasym = 7.48 × 10 (-5) and empirical Pemp = 0.001867). There were two protective haplotypes: CT (Pasym = 0.00303; odds ratio [OR], 0.403) and GC (Pasym = 0.000976; OR, 0.448).Conclusions: MMP-2 haplotypes are associated with genetic susceptibility to thoracic aortic dissection in Chinese Han population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research and the articles included in this special issue demonstrate that in emerging markets in general and in China in particular, knowledge spillovers exist between foreign firms and domestic firms. As domestic markets become more sophisticated, and competition between domestic firms and foreign firms becomes stronger, knowledge is flowing to and being sourced in many different directions: from overseas head offices to foreign firms then on to domestic firms; from domestic firms to domestic firms; and from domestic firms to foreign firms, and back to the multinational corporations' head offices in the form of reverse spillovers and reverse innovation. We propose that knowledge spillovers, search, and creation in an emerging market are a dynamic and reciprocal process with knowledge flowing between and among foreign and domestic firms. This represents a fertile field for future research and we have identified a number of areas ripe for study. 摘要 以往的研究以及收录在本期特刊的研究证明，在新兴市场尤其是在中国，知识在外国公司和国内公司之间存在相互溢出。特别是，随着国内市场变得更为复杂，国内公司和外国公司之间的竞争变得更为激烈，知识正在向不同的方向流动和溢出：从跨国公司海外总部到海外子公司（这里统称为外国公司)再进而至国内公司，从国内公司到国内公司，再从国内公司到外国公司，最后以一种反向的回溢和回溯创新的形式重新回到跨国公司的总部。我们提出在新兴市场中，知识的溢出、搜索和创新是国内外公司之间知识流动的一种动态过程。这是在未来战略和国际商务研究中颇有前景的领域，我们特别指出了一些重要的研究问题。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers has mainly focused on how the presence of FDI affects the productivity of domestic firms. In this study, we advance the literature by examining the effect of the diversity of FDI country origins on the productivity of domestic firms. We propose that the diversity of FDI country origins can facilitate FDI spillovers by increasing the variety of technologies and management practices brought by foreign firms, to which domestic firms are exposed and that they can potentially utilize. Further, the extent to which domestic firms can utilize these technologies and practices depends upon their absorptive capacity. Using panel data on Chinese manufacturing firms during the period 1998–2003, our results support these propositions. We find that the diversity of FDI country origins in an industry has a positive relationship with the productivity of domestic firms in the industry. This positive relationship is stronger when domestic firms are larger, and when the technology gap between FDI and the domestic firms is intermediate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the relationships between new ventures' ties with service intermediaries (i.e., technology service firms, accounting and financial service firms, law firms, and talent search firms) and their product innovation in the context of a technology cluster. Because service intermediaries sit at the intersection of many firms, organizations and industries, they maintain extensive networks in a cluster. We propose that new ventures' ties with service intermediaries enable the ventures to plug into these networks and contribute to the ventures' product innovation by broadening the scope of their external innovation search and reducing their search cost. Moreover, we argue that the positive relationships between new ventures' ties with service intermediaries and their product innovation will become stronger when search in the networks in the cluster is more important to the ventures' product innovation. Based upon a sample of new ventures in a technology cluster in China, our results support these arguments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does top management team (TMT) conflict influence entrepreneurial strategy making of new ventures? With a sample of new ventures in China’s technology industries, this study examines the conditions under which TMT cognitive conflict and affective conflict are associated with entrepreneurial strategy making. We found that cognitive conflict among TMT members had a positive relationship with entrepreneurial strategy making. Further, the positive relationship between cognitive conflict and entrepreneurial strategy making was moderated by dysfunctional competition and team deftness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which investigated the impact of research and development (R&D)-marketing interaction on new product performance in Chinese high technology firms. Relationship between information exchange and new product performance; Methodology; Results and discussion.

• The contribution of oyster reefs characteristics to the omnivorous fish intestinal microbiota was distinct. • Microbial communities in the oyster reefs and fish intestines showed various predictive functions and unique core indicators. • The microbial diversity in sediments were significantly higher than that in intestines. The habitats of oyster reefs had played various ecological services functions, as an important means of marine ecological restoration and fishery resources conservation, which had been widely used worldwide. And the characteristics of microbial communities would be inevitably affected by habitat of oyster reefs. The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between oyster reefs and the intestinal microbiota of fish (Takifugu ocellatus , Acanthopagrus latus , Clupanodon thrissa , and Mugil cephalus). Here, based on 16S rRNA sequencing, this research analyzed the microbial communities of fishes gut in the oyster reefs from the most crucial estuary economic zone in Southern China. It was significantly lower that the bacterial alpha-diversity in the fish intestines than in the sediments of oyster reefs. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) results showed that intestines microbiota of T. ocellatus and A. latus were more homologous to sediments microbiota, but intestines microbiota of C. thrissa and M. cephalus were more similar to the water microbiota. There were obvious differences in the contribution of oyster reefs habitat to intestinal microorganisms of four fishes. Source tracking analysis as well reached the similar conclusion. For instance, contribution of water to T. ocellatus and A. latus was lesser than sediments, which was related to their benthic habits. Based on the differences in microbial community compositions, the functional prediction analysis had demonstrated that special functional pathways and independent core indicators had been formed separately from oyster reefs and fish intestines. Overall, these findings highlighted the characteristics of microbial diversity and functions from the omnivorous fish living in oyster reefs habitats. This research proposed new insights into the function of oyster reefs habitats, which have enriched the ecological service value of oyster reefs from microbial ecology and provided a reference for the application of oyster reefs habitats in other estuaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multi-dimensional functional space was built to visualize the functional structure. • The functional structure and trait composition of fish in the PRE vary seasonally. • The CWM traits were mainly affected by temperature, DO, chlorophyll-a, and depth. Estuaries are one of the most important ecosystems with high biological productivity. They connect freshwater and marine ecosystems, and the fish community assemblages face intense environmental changes, so estuarine fish communities have unique ecological characteristics. With the increase of human activities and the discharge of pollutants, the pressure on the ecosystem of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is intensifying, and its ecosystem functions and services are inevitably affected. To better understand the functional structure of the fish community in the PRE and its response to environmental changes, we analyzed the trait composition of the community and its relationships to environmental factors based on 10 functional traits of 130 fish species collected in the PRE during the summer and winter of 2020–2021. In addition, we built a multi-dimensional functional space to visualize the overall functional structure of the PRE and explore the seasonal variation of the selected traits in the functional space. Our findings suggest that the functional traits of the fish communities in the PRE were mainly affected by temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, and depth. Among them, the effects of dissolved oxygen, temperature, and chlorophyll-a on CWM traits were reflected in seasonal differences, while the effects of depth were reflected in spatial differences. We also found the main trait categories that occupied the most functional space and contributed the most to the seasonal differences in functional space. The results of this study are significant for understanding the seasonal variation of the functional structure in the PRE and how environmental gradients drive the functional traits of fish communities, and also provide insights for effective ecosystem-based management in the PRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute aortic dissection (AD) in pregnancy poses a lethal risk to both mother and fetus. However, well-established therapeutic guidelines are lacking. This study aimed to investigate clinical features, outcomes and optimal management strategies for pregnancy-related AD., Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre cohort study including 67 women with acute AD during pregnancy or within 12 weeks postpartum from three major cardiovascular centres in China between 2003 and 2021. Patient characteristics, management strategies and short-term outcomes were analysed., Results: Median age was 31 years, with AD onset at median 32 weeks gestation. Forty-six patients (68.7%) had type A AD, of which 41 underwent immediate surgery. Overall maternal mortality was 10.4% (7/67) and fetal mortality was 26.9% (18/67). Compared with immediate surgery, selective surgery was associated with higher risk of composite maternal and fetal death (adjusted RR: 12.47 (95% CI 3.26 to 47.73); p=0.0002) and fetal death (adjusted RR: 8.77 (95% CI 2.33 to 33.09); p=0.001)., Conclusions: Immediate aortic surgery should be considered for type A AD at any stage of pregnancy or postpartum. For pregnant women with AD before fetal viability, surgical treatment with the fetus in utero should be considered. Management strategies should account for dissection type, gestational age, and fetal viability., Trial Registration Number: NCT05501145., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

As a common by-product during the production of alcoholic beverages, such as Chinese liquor, ethyl carbamate (EC) poses potential genotoxicity and is associated with the risk of various cancers. Hence, rapidly and accurately measuring the content of EC in liquor is critical to assess the product quality and risks of mass samples during the production process. In this study, a feasible method based on fast gas chromatography photoionization-induced chemical ionization mass spectrometry (FastGC-PICI-TOFMS) was developed for the analysis of EC in Chinese liquor. The rapid separation of EC in Chinese liquor was conducted using FastGC based on a thermostatic column set at 150 °C to eliminate the interferences of matrix effects. The PICI-TOFMS could realize accurate quantification of EC without any sample pre-treatment due to the efficient ionization of EC by the PICI source. As a result, the total analysis time for EC in Chinese liquor was less than 4 min. The limit of detection (LOD) for EC was 4.4 μg L -1 . And the intra-day and inter-day precision were 3.2%-3.7 % and 1.6 %, respectively. Finally, the ability of the proposed method was preliminarily proved by high-throughput and accurate measurement of EC in four different flavors of Chinese liquors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Precise rainfall forecasting modeling assumes a pivotal role in water resource planning and management. Conducting a comprehensive analysis of the rainfall time series and making appropriate adjustments to the forecast model settings based on the characterization results of the rainfall series significantly enhance the accuracy of the forecast model. This paper employed the Mann-Kendall and sliding T mutation tests to identify the mutational components in rainfall between 1961 and 2013 at four meteorological stations located in Henan Province. Wavelet analysis was utilized to determine the periodicity of the precipitation series. The model parameters were adjusted based on the mutation and periodicity findings, and appropriate training and test sets were selected accordingly. Rainfall simulation in Henan Province, China, was conducted using a combination of complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks. The integrated approach aimed at predicting rainfall in the region. The findings of this study demonstrate that the CEEMD-BiLSTM model, coupled with feature analysis, yielded favorable results in terms of prediction accuracy. The model achieved a mean MAE (mean absolute error) of 131.210, a mean MRE (mean relative error) of 0.637, a mean RMSE (root mean square error) of 187.776, and an NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) above 0.910. The data processed according to the feature analysis results and then predicted; Zhengzhou, Anyang, Lushi, and Xinyang stations improved by 39.548%, 14.478%, 11.548%, and 19.037% respectively compared with the original prediction model., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Smart water co-governance (SWCG) is a fundamental driving force to reduce the water crisis and promote the sustainable development of water resources. To explore the applicability and development of SWCG in different regions, the authors of this paper took 31 provinces of China (with the exception Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) as research districts and used the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure and compare the efficiency of smart water governance (SWG) in the government-enterprise-public (G-E-P) mode and without public participation in the government-enterprise (G-E) mode in 2019. Then, the Malmquist model was used to measure the spatio-temporal evolution of the G-E-P mode from 2010 to 2019, focusing on the analysis of the top ten provinces of the China Internet Development Index in 2019. According to the empirical analysis, the following results were obtained: (1) the efficiency of SWCG in the G-E-P mode was significantly higher than that in G-E model, as 13 provinces showed a significant decline and 10 provinces had a small change. In addition, SWCG in the G-E-P mode showed a good development trend in the eastern and southern regions. (2) The governance efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency showed upward trends, but the technological progress index and total factor productivity were still low. Therefore, SWG should vigorously promote public participation and the independent implementation of enterprises under the guidance and restriction of the government. Meanwhile, the construction of an SWG infrastructure and the level of science and technology should be strengthened. In addition, each province should adjust the input-output structure according to its redundancy or deficiency, weigh the suitability of the input level and scale, and strengthen the matching and support of the ability of multi-subjects and factors to ensure that an appropriate input-output scale level is reached and the efficiency of SWCG is improved.

Abstract: Since December 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19 sweeping the world. Understanding the clinical and SARS-CoV-2 dynamic changes of mild and ordinary patients of COVID-19, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19.On February 1st, 2020, 16 SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive patients diagnosed in the same site in Beijing. The patients symptoms, signs, medication, and SARS-CoV-2 results were recorded.Of the 16 patients, 12 were female. Although they were infected at the same time in the same workplace, their clinical processes were very different and can be roughly divided into three different types: persistent sputum positive, persistent stool positive and persistent both positive. In 7 patients with mild clinical manifestations, the median days of SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion in sputum samples were significantly later than those with obvious lung injury (27 days [range: 18 to 36]; 17 days, [range 6 to 25], P = .021). The negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool was significant later than in sputum.There were various clinical manifestations after SARS-CoV-2 infection, even if they were infected by the same source of infection in the same place. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in stool samples was longer than that in respiratory tract., (Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is the most common life-threatening disorder, and MMP-2 is involved in TAD pathogenesis. Our purpose is to systematically evaluate the association of the MMP-2 gene with TAD risk in Chinese Han population., Methods: In our case-control study, we recruited 755 unrelated participants: 315 case participants with TAD and 440 controls. Twenty-two tag SNPs were selected from MMP-2 gene and were genotyped. Genotype data were analyzed by logistic regression., Results: Although we did not find any significant association for MMP-2 SNPs using single-marker analysis, we identified many windows with haplotype frequencies significantly different between case participants and control participants using a variable-sized sliding-window strategy. In particular, the most significant association was shown by a 2-SNP window consisting of rs2241145 and rs9928731 (omnibus test: asymptotic Pasym = 7.48 × 10 (-5) and empirical Pemp = 0.001867). There were two protective haplotypes: CT (Pasym = 0.00303; odds ratio [OR], 0.403) and GC (Pasym = 0.000976; OR, 0.448)., Conclusions: MMP-2 haplotypes are associated with genetic susceptibility to thoracic aortic dissection in Chinese Han population.

The aim of the study was to use the ovine model to evaluate the hemocompatibility and end-organ effects of a newly developed magnetic suspension centrifugal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) by CH Biomedical Inc., Jiangsu, China. The LVADs were implanted in 6 healthy sheep, where inflow was inserted into the left ventricular apex and outflow was anastomosed to the descending aorta. All sheep received anticoagulation and antiaggregation therapy during the study. Hematologic and biochemical tests were performed to evaluate anemia, hepatorenal function, and the extent of hemolysis. The experiments lasted for up to 30 days on the beating hearts. All sheep were humanely killed at the termination of the experiments, and the end-organs were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. Autopsy was performed in all animals and there was no thrombus formation observed inside the pump. The pump's inflow and outflow conduits were also free of thrombus. Hematologic and biochemical test results were within normal limits during the study period. Postmortem examination of the explanted organs revealed no evidence of ischemia or infarction. Based on the in vivo study, this LVAD is suitable for implantation and can provide efficient support with good biocompatibility. The encouraging results in this study suggest that it is feasible to evaluate the device's long-term durability and stability.