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Background: The gut microbiota significantly influences the health and growth of red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara), a well-known commercial marine fish from Fujian Province in southern China. However, variations in survival strategies and seasons can impact the stability of gut microbiota data, rendering it inaccurate in reflecting the state of gut microbiota. Which impedes the effective enhancement of aquaculture health through a nuanced understanding of gut microbiota. Inspired by this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota of wild and captive E. akaara in four seasons. Results: Seventy-two E. akaara samples were collected from wild and captive populations in Dongshan city, during four different seasons. Four sections of the gut were collected to obtain comprehensive information on the gut microbial composition and sequenced using 16S rRNA next-generation Illumina MiSeq. We observed the highest gut microbial diversity in both captive and wild E. akaara during the winter season, and identified strong correlations with water temperature using Mantel analysis. Compared to wild E. akaara, we found a more complex microbial network in captive E. akaara, as evidenced by increased abundance of Bacillaceae, Moraxellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. In contrast, Vibrionaceae, Clostridiaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae were found to be more active in wild E. akaara. However, some core microorganisms, such as Firmicutes and Photobacterium, showed similar distribution patterns in both wild and captive groups. Moreover, we found the common community composition and distribution characteristics of top 10 core microbes from foregut to hindgut in E. akaara. Conclusions: Collectively, the study provides relatively more comprehensive description of the gut microbiota in E. akaara, taking into account survival strategies and temporal dimensions, which yields valuable insights into the gut microbiota of E. akaara and provides a valuable reference to its aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The mantle source of Huangshandong and Erhongwa have different contribution of slab-derived fluids. • Erhongwa has experienced early sulfide saturation and removal during emplacement. • High oxygen fugacity and water content of Erhongwa is due to assimilation of hydrous materials. • Evolution in deep magma chamber is favorable for magmatic sulfide mineralization in convergent margin setting. Numerous Permian mafic-ultramafic intrusions are situated in the eastern Tianshan Orogen at the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. These intrusions demonstrate a diverse range of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization. Notably, the Huangshandong intrusion hosts a large Ni-Cu sulfide deposit, whereas the Erhongwa intrusion lacks any economically significant sulfide mineralization. Both intrusions exhibit similar lithologies and mainly consist of lherzolite, gabbro, gabbronorite and diorite. To elucidate the controlling factors influencing the disparity in mineralization between two intrusions, analyses were conducted on the compositions of olivine, spinel, pyroxene and amphibole. Olivine grains from the Erhongwa lherzolite have lower Ni (361–943 ppm) contents than those from Huangshandong layered lherzolite (Ni 684–864 ppm) and Huangshandong massive lherzolite (Ni 1218 to 1878 ppm). This discrepancy may be attributed to early sulfide separation occurring at greater depths. Modeling results indicated that for the Huangshandong mantle source, 1 % slab-derived melts and 2 % slab-derived fluids were incorporated; conversely, for the Erhongwa mantle source, approximately 2.5 % slab-derived melts and 0.5 % slab-derived fluids were added. Parental magmas of the Erhongwa intrusion exhibit higher oxygen fugacity and water contents than those of the Huangshandong intrusion. Specifically, the magma of the Erhongwa intrusion undergoes magma evolution within a shallow magma chamber, whereas the magma of the Huangshandong intrusion gains sulfide saturation within a deep magma chamber. This research suggests that factors including mantle source features, suitable timing for sulfide separation, and depth of magma chamber are essential for Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization in mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abrupt drought–flood alternation (T1) is a meteorological disaster that frequently occurs during summer in southern China and the Yangtze river basin, often causing a significant loss of rice production. In this study, the response mechanism of yield decline under abrupt drought–flood alternation stress at the panicle differentiation stage was analyzed by looking at the metabolome, proteome as well as yield and physiological and biochemical indexes. The results showed that drought and flood stress caused a decrease in the yield of rice at the panicle differentiation stage, and abrupt drought–flood alternation stress created a synergistic effect for the reduction of yield. The main reason for the decrease of yield per plant under abrupt drought–flood alternation was the decrease of seed setting rate. Compared with CK0 (no drought and no flood), the net photosynthetic rate and soluble sugar content of T1 decreased significantly and its hydrogen peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity increased significantly. The identified differential metabolites and differentially expressed proteins indicated that photosynthesis metabolism, energy metabolism pathway and reactive oxygen species response have changed strongly under abrupt drought–flood alteration stress, which are factors that leads to the rice grain yield reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Eutypellol A (1), the first norsesquiterpenoid of sequicarene family, as well as eutypellol B (2), a rare 7-methyl oxidized 2-carene derivative, and one new natural product 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propanoic acid (3), along with eight known terpenoids, were isolated from the marine sediment-derived fungusEutypella scopariaFS46 collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds1–3were evaluated for their antibacterial activities againstStaphylococcus aureusand cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 tumor cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is an important economic breeding species along the southeast coast of China. As a crustacean, molting is critical for growth and reproduction. At each molting, a new external cuticle of mud crab is inherently regenerated, but along with molting the crabs are easily susceptible to pathogenic infection that might result in a low survival rate particularly at juvenile stages. To elucidate the potential response mechanism of juvenile mud crabs infected with bacteria in the molting process, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were applied and the hormones, associated-hormone genes or immune genes modulated by challenge with Staphylococcus aureus or Vibrio alginolyticus were analyzed. The omic analysis showed that S. aureus or V. alginolyticus infection caused decreases in steroid hormones (cortisol, cortodoxone, cortisone, deoxycorticosterone) and fatty acid-derived hormones (prostaglandin A2, Δ17–6-keto prostaglandin F1α, 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-tetranor prostaglandin F1α, prostaglandin B2, 2,3-Dinor-11β-prostaglandin F2α, thromboxane B2, and 11-Dehydro thromboxane B2). Correspondingly, transcriptomic analysis revealed that both S. aureus and V. alginolyticus infection downregulated the expression levels of fatty acid-derived hormone synthases. In addition, both bacterial infections caused upregulation in Toll, IMD, the Jak/Stat pathway, antimicrobial peptide, and the prophenoloxidase system. The study provides a new insight into the effects of bacteria on the juvenile crab molting process in vivo that lead to the modulation of both immune-associated genes and hormones. • Bacterial infection upregulated many immune genes during the molting process. • Steroid hormones and fatty acid-derived hormones were reduced during the molting process with bacterial infection. • Cortisol were significantly reduced after infection with both S. aureus and V. alginolyticus. • Many peptide hormones of mud crab were upregulated after bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Experimental studies have shown that disinfection byproducts (DBPs) including haloacetic acids (HAAs) can cause liver toxicity, but evidence linking this association in humans is sparse., Objectives: We aimed to explore the associations between HAA exposures and liver injury., Methods: We included 922 women between December 2018 and January 2020 from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort study in Wuhan, China. Urinary HAA concentrations including trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and serum indicators of liver function, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured. Liver injury was defined as if any of serum indicator levels were above the 90th percentile. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations of urinary HAA concentrations with the risk of liver injury and liver function indicators. Stratified analyses by age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, and passive smoking were also applied to evaluate the potential effect modifiers., Results: There is little evidence of associations of urinary TCAA concentrations with liver injury risk and liver function indicators. However, urinary DCAA concentrations were associated with a higher risk of liver injury [odds ratios (OR) for 1-interquartile range (IQR) increase in natural log (ln) transformed DCAA concentrations: 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.98]. This association was observed only among nondrinkers ( p interaction = 0.058 ). We also found that a 1-IQR increase in ln-transformed DCAA concentrations was positively associated with ALT levels (percentage change = 6.06 % ; 95% CI: 0.48%, 11.95%) and negatively associated with AST/ALT (percentage change = - 4.48 % ; 95% CI: - 7.80 % , - 1.04 % ). In addition, urinary DCAA concentrations in relation to higher GGT levels was observed only among passive smokers ( p interaction = 0.040 )., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that exposure to DCAA but not TCAA is associated with liver injury among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13386.

Growing evidence suggests that fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) likely increases the risks of dementia, yet little is known about the relative contributions of different constituents. Here, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study (2000 to 2017) by integrating the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse database and two independently sourced datasets of high-resolution PM 2.5 major chemical composition, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO 3 - ), sulfate (SO 4 2- ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), and soil dust (DUST). To investigate the impact of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 constituents on incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), hazard ratios for dementia and AD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, and penalized splines were used to evaluate potential nonlinear concentration-response (C-R) relationships. Results using two exposure datasets consistently indicated higher rates of incident dementia and AD for an increased exposure to PM 2.5 and its major constituents. An interquartile range increase in PM 2.5 mass was associated with a 6 to 7% increase in dementia incidence and a 9% increase in AD incidence. For different PM 2.5 constituents, associations remained significant for BC, OM, SO 4 2- , and NH 4 + for both end points (even after adjustments of other constituents), among which BC and SO 4 2- showed the strongest associations. All constituents had largely linear C-R relationships in the low exposure range, but most tailed off at higher exposure concentrations. Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 is significantly associated with higher rates of incident dementia and AD and that SO 4 2- , BC, and OM related to traffic and fossil fuel combustion might drive the observed associations.

Objectives: To develop the birth weight curves of the Chinese Han (26-41 weeks of gestation) and Zhuang (28-41 weeks of gestation) singleton neonates in 11 cities of China, as well as the birth weight means of full-term neonates of 14 Chinese ethnic groups., Methods: The live singleton neonates who were born in 11 maternal and child health care hospitals from 11 cities of China between January 2017 and December 2020 were classified according to the mother's ethnic group. Birth weight means were calculated for the full-term neonates of each ethnic group. For the Han and Zhuang singleton neonates with a large sample size, the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method was used to establish the birth weight percentile curves of the Han and Zhuang singleton neonates with different gestational ages., Results: A total of 105 365 live singleton neonates were included, among whom the Han neonates had the highest number of 84 851 (26-41 weeks of gestation), followed by the Zhuang neonates (12 803 neonates with a gestational age of 28-41 weeks). The neonates of the other Chinese ethnic groups enrolled were live full-term singleton neonates, with a sample size of more than 100 neonates for each ethnic group. The 3rd-97th percentile curves of birth weight were established for the Han singleton neonates with a gestational age of 26-41 weeks and the Zhuang singleton neonates with a gestational age of 28-41 weeks. The birth weight curves of the Han singleton neonates at each gestational age were higher than those of the Zhuang singleton neonates. Birth weight means (3 199-3 499 g) and standard deviations were determined for 14 Chinese ethnic groups, i.e., Li, Mulao, Zhuang, Yao, Dong, Miao, Han, Buyi, Mongolian, Tujia, Yi, Hui, Man, and Korean ethnic groups. The Li ethnic group had the lowest birth weight, followed by the Mulao, Zhuang, Yao, Dong, Miao, Han, Buyi, Mongolian, Tujia, Yi, Hui, Man, and Korean ethnic groups., Conclusions: The 3rd-97th percentile curves of birth weight are developed for the Han (26-41 weeks of gestation) and Zhuang (28-41 weeks of gestation) singleton neonates in 11 cities of China, and birth weight means are determined for the full-term neonates of 14 Chinese ethnic groups in 11 cities of China, which provides a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of neonates in these ethnic groups.

Objectives: To develop the birth weight curve of twin neonates with a gestational age of 25-40 weeks, and to investigate the regional differences of the birth weight curve., Methods: A total of 11 maternal and child health care hospitals with more than 7 000 neonates delivered annually were selected in 11 cities of China (Haikou, Guangzhou, Liuzhou, Guilin, Quanzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu, Changsha, Ningbo, and Lianyungang), and all live twin neonates delivered in the 11 hospitals from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled for the development of birth weight curves., Results: A total of 17 256 twin neonates with a gestational age of 25-40 weeks from the 11 cities were included in the study. The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of twin neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities in China were established, and the birth weight percentile curves were drawn. The birth weight curve level of twin neonates in Liuzhou was lower than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of twin neonates in Ningbo was higher than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of twin neonates in Lianyungang was obviously higher than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of twin neonates in other 8 cities was almost the same as the average level of the 11 cities., Conclusions: The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of twin neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities are developed, which can be used as a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of twin neonates in the region. The level of intrauterine growth of twin neonates in some cities is different from the average level of the 11 cities of China.

Objectives: To develop the birth weight curve of singleton neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks, and to investigate the regional differences of the birth weight curve., Methods: A total of 11 maternal and child health hospitals with more than 7 000 neonates delivered annually were selected in 11 cities of China (Haikou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Liuzhou, Guilin, Quanzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Changsha, Ningbo, and Lianyungang), and all live singleton neonates delivered in the 11 hospitals from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled for the development of birth weight curves., Results: A total of 93 720 singleton neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks from the 11 cities were included in the study. The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of singleton neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities were established, and the birth weight percentile curves were drawn. The birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Shenzhen and Quanzhou was almost the same as the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Haikou, Guangzhou, Guilin, and Liuzhou was slightly lower than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Chongqing, Chengdu, and Changsha was slightly higher than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Ningbo and Lianyungang was higher than the average level of the 11 cities. The average birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in the 11 cities were very close to that of China Neonatal Cooperation Network in 2011-2014., Conclusions: The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of singleton neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities are developed, which can be used as a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of singleton neonates in the region. The level of intrauterine growth of neonates in some cities is different from the national level.

A total of 79 rice materials containing Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff. ) backcross lines (Dwr)/Xie-qingzao B (Xqz B)//Xqz B and their parents were chosen as the test objects to study the relationships between the drought resistance of these materials and the 31 drought resistance indices at germinating stage, seedling stage, booting stage, and mature stage. The results showed that the drought resistance index or the drought resistance coefficient of these materials were significantly correlated to the relative germination energy (RGE) under 15% PEG-6000 drought stress, the germination drought resistance index (GDRI) and relative germination energy (RGE) under 20% PEG-6000 drought stress, and the relative value of maximum root length (MRL), seeding height (SH), fresh root mass (FRM), dry root mass (DRM), root relative water content (RRWC), wilting rate (WR), leaf soluble sugar content (LSSC), leaf proline content (LPC), leaf MDA content (LMDAC), leaf relative water content (LRWC), level of rolling leaf (RL), plant height (PH), tiller number per plant (TNP), productive tiller number per plant (PTNP), filled spikelets per panicle (FSP), panicle density (PD), seed setting rate (SR), and 1000-grain mass (TGM) under water stress. Through stepwise regression analysis, nine drought resistance indices including the RGE under 20% PEG-6000 drought stress and the relative values of DRM, RRWC, LSSC, LPC, LMDAC, ETNP, SR, and TGM under water stress were selected. Base on these indices and their partial correlation coefficients, the drought resistance evaluation equation (D value) and evaluation system were established, which could well assess the drought resistance of the Dongxiang common wild rice backcross lines at different growth stages.