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Summary : In Canada, trauma patients often present initially to non-trauma hospitals without vascular surgeons on site. Local surgeons need skills and support for damage-control vascular surgery. Canadian training programs in general surgery should equip trainees with skills in this area, including resuscitation, identification of vascular injury, hemorrhage control, and temporizing measures (e.g., shunts, ligation). Caring for trauma patients is a multidisciplinary endeavour; understanding local/regional skill sets and from whom to seek help is vital. Opportunities for skills maintenance should also be encouraged for surgeons practising at sites where acutely injured patients present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media are critical to election campaigns, but they also expose candidates to incivility and abuse. While there is a growing literature on online incivility faced by politicians, little is known about how campaign teams interpret and respond to it. To address that gap, we analyze in-depth interviews with 31 candidates and campaign staff from the 2019 federal election in Canada. We find that campaign teams interpret incivility according to the intensity of messages' content, but also their frequency, source, and target. They use these criteria to assess potential harms in three areas: security and psychological wellbeing, strategic campaign activities, and inclusive democratic discourse. Based on these assessments, campaign teams use a limited set of platform affordances to ignore, monitor, engage, or block uncivil voices. Our analysis shows that interpretations of incivility are more nuanced and multi-dimensional than most scholarship recognizes. We also reveal the often-hidden labor that campaign teams devote to content moderation, as they try to balance protecting themselves, defending their campaign messaging, and creating space for civil discussion. By paying closer attention to campaign teams' mediation and moderation of online incivility, scholars can better understand its consequences for democratic political participation in elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Homeless and unstably housed individuals face barriers in accessing healthcare despite experiencing greater health needs than the general population. Case management programs are effectively used to provide care for this population. However, little is known about the experiences of providers, their needs, and the ways they can be supported in their roles. Connect 2 Care (C2C) is a mobile outreach team that provides transitional case management for vulnerable individuals in a major Canadian city. Using an ethnographic approach, we aimed to describe the experiences of C2C team members and explore their perceptions and challenges.Methods: We conducted participant observations and semi-structured interviews with C2C team members. Data analysis consisted of inductive thematic analysis to identify themes that were iteratively discussed.Results: From 36 h of field observations with eight team members and 15 semi-structured interviews with 12 team members, we identified five overarching themes: 1) Hiring the right people & onboarding: becoming part of C2C; 2) Working as a team member: from experience to expertise; 3) Proud but unsupported: adding value but undervalued; 4) Team-initiated coping: satisfaction in the face of emotional strain, and; 5) Likes and dislikes: committed to challenges.Conclusions: A cohesive team of providers with suitable personal and professional characteristics is essential to care for this complex population. Emotional support and inclusion of frontline workers in operational decisions are important considerations for optimal care and program sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police search and rescue (SAR) teams play a vital part in the successful location of lost and missing persons; however, they remain an understudied policing component. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve and deepen scholarly knowledge of the police SAR aspects of missing persons cases. Specifically, this article aims to provide first insights into the roles and function of SAR teams in Canadian police services. With this research, we can begin to formulate a better understanding of their utility in police missing persons work. Through a thematic analysis of 34 in-depth, qualitative interviews with police SAR team members from 13 police services across Canada, we explore how SAR teams operate within police services and outline the varying roles police personnel comprise in these teams. Results reveal that police SAR teams operate with several distinct roles that have different functions within the larger police hierarchy. Furthermore, findings show that police SAR personnel are fulfilling a host of responsibilities in these teams while operating as a secondary duty, yet are called upon at any time and are required to respond immediately. These findings and their implications for police missing persons work are then discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragility fractures (FFs) are low-energy trauma fractures that occur at or below standing height. Among FFs, hip fractures are associated with the greatest morbidity, mortality and cost to Canadian health care systems. This review highlights the current state of medical care for hip fractures in Canada, with specific focus on the role of the multidisciplinary team. Gaps in care exist, as FFs represent a unique challenge requiring both acute and chronic management. Furthermore, there is a lack of ownership of FFs by a medical specialty. These gaps can be addressed through the use of multidisciplinary teams, which have been shown to be efficacious and cost-effective. This model of care also addresses numerous patient-identified barriers to treatment, including inadequate patient counselling. However, there is still room for improvement in both the identification of patients at risk for hip fracture and patient adherence to therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of workplace violence and its relation to health and safety regimes in human service organizations is currently experiencing a conceptual renaissance. These terms are now broadly encompassing various intra- and inter-personal factors within the workplace. This study explores how staff in publicly-administered human services experience and perceive workplace violence between staff and health and safety at a team level, and how it can be prevented within these contexts. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with staff (n=85) in various publicly-administered human service departments across one province in Canada. Data were analyzed following a qualitative approach to conceptualize violence prevention at a team level. Respondents provide insights that help to develop a conceptual representation of positive intra-personal team dynamics and positive inter-personal team dynamics, which are elaborated to include specific factors under each of these themes. Findings support a model for building effective health and safety regimes that consider the influence of team-level dynamics in human service organizations. These findings support the development of highly effective and safe human service organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospital trauma teams consist of a diverse spectrum of health care professionals who work together to deliver quality care. Although the qualities of a well-performing trauma team are often believed to be self-evident, there is little objective information about the most desirable personal and professional characteristics associated with quality trauma care. The aim of this study was to determine the traits and characteristics deemed of greatest value for a trauma team leader and a trauma team member in the adult trauma care setting.Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with trauma team leaders and trauma team members at a tertiary Canadian trauma centre. Standard qualitative research methodology was used. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed via an inductive analysis approach.Results: Thematic saturation was achieved after 5 interviews, and 6 further interviews were conducted to ensure that a breadth of trauma care disciplines were included. Six attributes were identified to be of greatest value for trauma team leaders: communication, role clarity, experience, anticipation, management and decisiveness. Four attributes were identified to be of greatest value for trauma team members: engagement, efficiency, experience and collaboration. We further characterized the language defining the ranking of performance for each of these attributes.Conclusion: Results of this qualitative study involving an experienced and diverse spectrum of trauma team practitioners provide insight into the characteristics that are critical to establishing a “good” trauma team. These findings can be used to inform future determinations of the quality of trauma teams, the education of trauma practitioners and continuing medical education training and assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CanMars Mars sample return (MSR) analogue mission was conducted as a field and operational test for the Mars 2020 sample cache rover mission and was the most realistic known MSR rover analogue mission to-date. A rover — similar in scale to that of rover planned for NASA's Mars 2020 mission — was deployed to a scientifically relevant Mars-analogue sedimentary field site with remote mission operations conducted at the University of Western Ontario, Canada; the mission aim was to inform on best practices and optimal approaches for sample acquisition modeled on the Mars 2020 rover mission. The daily operational procedures of the CanMars Science Team were modeled on those of current missions (i.e., Mars Science Laboratory tactical operations), serving as a study of known operational workflows and as a testbed for new approaches. This paper reports on the operational results of CanMars with best-practice recommendations. CanMars was designed as a Mars 2020 mock mission and thus carried similar science objectives; these included (1) advancing the understanding of the habitability potential of a subaqueous sedimentary environment through identifying, characterizing, and caching drilled samples containing high organic carbon (as a proxy for preserved ancient biosignatures) and (2) advancing the understanding of the history of water at the site. The in situ science investigations needed to address these science objectives were guided by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group goals. Effective and efficient Science Team operational procedures were developed – and many lessons were documented – through daily tactical planning and science investigations employed to meet the sample acquisition goals. In addition to the documentation of the CanMars operational procedures, this paper provides a brief summary of the science results from CanMars with a focus on recommendations for future analogue missions and planetary sample return flight missions, providing specific value to operational procedures for the Mars 2020 rover mission. • Rover mission operations management, procedures, and workflows were vetted. • We document the complex Science Team interactions relevant to operational workflows. • An intentional operational structure must be employed for optimal use of very limited mission time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to community demand, The Office of the Coordinator of Health Sciences at the University of British Columbia in Canada developed a two-day Interprofessional Team Building workshop and piloted it twice. The workshops included faculty and students with clinical experience from nine different health and human service programmes. The design of the workshop was drawn from team-building theory and exercises used in business education. It was augmented by clinical examples and case-based discussions. The purposes of the workshop were: to expand a student's knowledge of other disciplines, to develop skills that enable optimal performance within a team, and to provide an opportunity for students from a variety of disciplines to learn from and about each other. The workshops were highly successful and provide a model for introducing interprofessional education into traditionally segregated university curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CanMars Mars Sample Return Analogue Deployment (MSRAD) was a closely simulated, end-to-end Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission scenario, with instrumentation, goals, and constraints modeled on the upcoming NASA Mars 2020 rover mission; this paper reports on the post-mission validation of the exercise. The exercise utilized the CSA Mars Exploration Science Rover (MESR) rover, deployed to Utah, USA, at a Mars-analogue field site. The principal features of the field site located near Green River, Utah are Late Jurassic inverted, fluvial paleochannels, analogous to features on Mars in sites being considered for the ESA ExoMars rover mission and present within the chosen landing site for the Mars 2020 rover mission. The in-simulation ("in-sim") mission operations team worked remotely from The University of Western Ontario, Canada. A suite of MESR-integrated and hand-held spectrometers was selected to mimic those of the Mars 2020 payload, and a Utah-based, on-site team was tasked with field operations to carry out the data collection and sampling as commanded by the in-sim team. As a validation of the in-sim mission science findings, the field team performed an independent geological assessment. This paper documents the field team's on-site geological assessment and subsequent laboratory and analytical results, then offers a comparison of mission (in-sim) and post-mission (laboratory) science results. The laboratory-based findings were largely consistent with the in-sim rover-derived data and geological interpretations, though some notable exceptions highlight the inherent difficulties in remote science. In some cases, available data was insufficient for lithologic identification given the absence of other important contextual information (e.g., textural information). This study suggests that the in-sim instruments were largely adequate for the Science Team to characterize samples; however, rover-based field work is necessarily hampered by mobility and time constraints with an obvious effect on efficiency but also precision, and to some extent, accuracy of the findings. The data show a dearth of preserved total organic carbon (TOC) – used as a proxy for ancient biosignature preservation potential – in the fluvial-lacustrine system of this field site, suggesting serious consideration with respect to the capabilities and opportunities for addressing the Mars exploration goals. We therefore suggest a thorough characterization of terrestrial sites analogous to those of Mars rover landing sites, and in-depth field studies like CanMars as important, pre-mission strategic exercises. • We present a field geological assessment of the CanMars analogue mission field site. • Characterization of terrestrial, analogous Mars landing sites is crucial for mission success. • In-depth field studies allow an understanding of how to address habitability potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]