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Client and counselor ratings of student distress were compared with MMPI-2 College Maladjustment (Mt) scale (Butcher, et al; 1989) score for 78 Canadian undergraduate students seeking counseling. Mt scores were consistent with subjective ratings of problem severity and accounted for more variance in client ratings of social and general functioning than did counselors' ratings. (Author)

We discuss our experiences of both racism and its denial in the context of our interactions with research participants, research teams, and academic communities. Greenhill questions scholarly traditions that insist upon objectivist methods and, in the process, side with researchers and research participants who refuse to acknowledge and expose White-identified, privileged social actions. Reflecting on decades of responses to her own research on the performance of race and gender in Morris dancing and Brommtopp, she concludes that both the denial and the performance of raced and marginalized others underscore deeply held views about Canadian homogeneity, diversity, and multiculturalism. Marshall focuses on responses to the anti-racist histories she has collected, and, more importantly, to the ethnographic ways that she has collected them. By straddling the boundaries between academic and non-academic life, she has used her work to reveal the histories of people who have often lived in the shadows of dominant cultures. Yet questions about methods, methodology, and theory have sought to erase the results of research on the level of systems of knowledge -- to make it impossible not because of its content but because of its sources. We contend that diversity must be about the use of multiple methods, theories, and approaches that guard against the denial of racism. Defending, explaining, andfighting for anti-racist perspectives is eye-opening and sometimes exhausting, even for two White-identified, privileged academics like ourselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main issues in the long-form census controversy concerned the relationship between science and politics. Through analysis of the arguments and underlying assumptions of four influential and exemplary interventions that were made in the name of science, this paper outlines a normative account of this relationship. The paper nuances the science-protective ideals that critics invoked and argues that such conceptual resources are needed if science is to be protected from undue political encroachment. However, in their zeal to defend the rights of science critics claimed for it more than its due, eclipsing the value dimension of policy decisions and failing to respect the role of politics as the rightful locus of decision making for value issues. An adequate normative account of the relationship between science and politics in public policy must be capable not only of protecting science from politics but also of protecting politics from science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research which focuses on the legal aspect of mental illness. Particular attention is given to the theories and opinion of psychiatric and psychological experts who contribute to the legal and criminal justice system in Canada. Topics discussed include the difficulties that Canadian courts face in enforcing laws and diagnosing mental illness, exoneration due to mental illness, and the Rabey judgment by the Supreme Court of Canada (Cour suprême du Canada).

This article traces the rules governing the admissibility of photographs into evidence in the courts of law of Canada, the United States, and Britain. The discussion is grounded in the nineteenth-century discourse of photographic objectivity, and examples of case law and legislation are cited to show the evolving response of the courts. The legal understanding of photographic evidence is examined from the late nineteenth century onward, and the twenty-first-century concerns surrounding the authenticity and admissibility of digital photographs are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the professional ethics considered by the research ethics board members in Canada. It explores the issues of professional ethics that are applicable to those who are involved in the ethical review of research with human subjects. It also examines the code of ethics from numerous professional groups intended for the guidance offered to research ethics board members. The idea of philosopher Mike Martin on caring, justice and professional distance highlight the ethical issues encountered by the reviewers.

This paper concerns the case study in sociology, and in the social sciences in general. The classical definition attributed to the case study is examined here by recalling the methodological conflict in sociology, marked by a rift between qualitative and quantitative methods, and by a retrospective look at the well-known case studies that American researchers devoted to French Canada (or Quebec), more particularly to its rural culture whose transformation relates to the 'meeting of two worlds.' The criticism levelled at these case studies are examined, especially those concerning their presumed lack of representativeness and objectivity. This lack was invoked without these terms being really stated or clearly determined. In this article, objectivity is defined as being the detailed account of the methodological strategies and operations guiding the approach to an object of investigation. Moreover, a distinction is made between statistical representativeness and sociological representativeness which best determines the generalization value of the case study. Finally, while this approach is considered as a study, or even as descriptive theory, this paper shows that description proves essential in the definition of explanatory theories. The example of the case study approach to the French-language economy in Quebec is presented in order to re-examine, in strictly methodological terms, all the points raised in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the responses of a sample of Canadian high school graduates on the relationship between scientists and the fruits of their work, the reporting of scientific findings to the general public, students' perceptions of the honesty and objectivity of scientists and the unequal gender distribution of Canadian scientists. Majority of the students felt that scientists should be concerned with the potential effects, especially the harmful effects of their discoveries to the nonscientific community. Most respondents felt that scientists should be required to produce public reports. Some students felt that honesty and objectivity, being necessary for the performance of science. Thirty percent of the respondents, especially women, gave sociological reasons for unequal gender distribution of scientists. Women have been stereotyped by society as childbearers,as being not so clever, and so on.