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In this article we question the discursive deployment of narrowing conceptions of the future in education in three provincial cases: Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario. Asserting that educational policy in Canada is grounded in the "future-logics" of educational innovation--reflective of an anticipatory orientation to governance--we critique concepts from each province's curriculum policy documents: "competence," "personalized learning," and "professional teacher." We ask to what extent anticipatory governance is at work in Canadian policies, and if it is, to what degree does an anticipatory strategy occlude or disrupt the objectification of curriculum and the over-determination of teacher subjectivities?

Many post-secondary institutions are developing policies and programs aimed at improving responses to sexual assault experienced by students. In some areas, such as Ontario, Canada, the government has mandated post-secondary institutions to do so. However significant these initiatives, they are predicated on the assumption that students trust, and want to engage with, the university following sexual violence. This study explores students' perceptions of sexual assault policies and services on one mid-size university campus focusing specifically on how trust factors into reporting sexual victimization and using services. Findings show that students believe that sexual assault policies and programs exist, but this does not mean students are willing to use such resources or that they even trust that their university has students' needs and interests at the fore. This paper discusses policy and programmatic considerations for building student trust in their post-secondary institutions to encourage student use of campus support.

The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing lifestyle interventions in primary care settings with hypertensive patients and their effect on blood pressure, body composition, cardiometabolic markers, and antihypertensive drug use. Sixty participants diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (1) Standard medical care (control), (2) Physical activity protocol, (3) Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and (4) Combination of physical activity protocol and DASH diet. Participants received counseling from family physicians, nurses, kinesiologists, and registered dietitians. Various assessments were conducted before (T0) and after (T6) the interventions, including 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, blood and urine tests, anthropometric measurements, computed tomography to measure adipose tissue, submaximal exercise test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption and health questionnaires. Fifty-one (51) participants (51/57, 89%) completed the program. All interventions reduced blood pressure indices between T0 and T6, except the combined interventions group. Body composition and cardiometabolic parameters were improved in all groups, except for the control group. In total, 28% of participants (7/23) reduced or stopped their antihypertensive medications at T6. The results suggest that structured lifestyle interventions are feasible in primary care and improve blood pressure and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with stage 1 hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: All Canadian postgraduate medical programs are implementing the major components of competency-based education. To do so, our institution had to provide individualized training and monitoring for all our programs. Innovation: We organized half-day workshops with four work sessions: core competencies, competency portfolio, curriculum mapping, and competence committee. Program teams decided their priority tasks after each work session. We classified tasks into ADDIE pedagogical design stages (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). We conducted interviews at 12 months. Results: Programs (n = 29) prioritized mainly tasks of Design (37% of tasks), Development (24%) and Analysis (21%). At 12-month follow-up (n = 17), 20% of the tasks were initiated, 22% reached a higher stage, 33% reaching Implementation/Evaluation. Programs needed material and financial resources for Analysis/Development tasks, and faculty training for Implementation/Evaluation tasks. Conclusion: Work sessions provided a structure to commit to priority tasks. Their classification into ADDIE stages systematized the monitoring and the search for solutions.

A recent study that surveyed close to 500 Alberta social studies teachers concluded that irreconcilable pressures "point to tensions between the formal program of studies and its prescribed outcomes, and the realities and complexities of classrooms where teachers attempt to realize good practices" (Alberta Teachers' Association, 2016, p, 46). As the researchers observed, while there is widespread support for addressing "indigeneity" and "multiple perspectives," such expectations need to be contextualized in the experiences of the lived curriculum in classrooms where teachers are putting in 60-hour work weeks in the midst of ever-increasing prescription and control over their practice (pp. 30-31). By unpacking the narratives of milestones and the linear march of curriculum policymaking, the author summarizes why Alberta cannot make the mistake of assuming that reform will be a clear march forward where a western Enlightenment view of the world continues to frame Indigenous people as "failed versions of ourselves" (Davis in Grainger, 2009). Instead, the author concludes, there is a need to see "decolonization is as much a process as a goal (Harsha Walia in Kino-nda-niimi Collective, 2014, p. 45).

To explore the benefits of a brief autism education intervention on peer engagement and inclusion of autistic children at day camps. A convergent, parallel, two-arm (intervention/no intervention), non-randomized, mixed-methods design was used. The individualized, peer-directed, 5–10 min intervention included four components: (1) diagnostic label, (2) description and purpose of unique behaviors, (3) favorite activities and interests, and (4) strategies to engage. A timed-interval behavior-coding system was used to evaluate engagement between each autistic camper and their peers based on videos taken at camp (days 1, 2, 5). Interviews with campers and camp staff explored why changes in targeted outcomes may have occurred. Percent intervals in which the autistic campers were jointly engaged with peers improved in the intervention group (n = 10) and did not change in the control group (n = 5). A large between group intervention effect occurred by day 5 (Z = − 1.942, η2 = 0.29). Interviews (5 autistic campers, 34 peers, 18 staff) done on the last day of camp in the intervention group garnered three themes: (1) Changed behavioral attribution, (2) Knowledge facilitates understanding and engagement, and (3) (Mis)perceptions of increased inclusion. A brief educational intervention that includes individualized explanatory information and strengths-based strategies might improve peers' understanding of and social engagement with autistic children in community programs such as camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a 60-day daily e-diary tool, 117 women undergraduate students reported sexual harassment on a Canadian university campus (4,283 diary surveys, collectively). Participants reported 181 incidents of both ambient sexual harassment (witnessing 40 incidents, hearing 106 unwelcomed sexual jokes/remarks) and targeted personal experiences of non-physical sexual harassment (35 incidents). Qualitative data document students' descriptions of these encounters and contextualize how these are part of everyday student life. Findings show that students experience this harassment almost daily—in an ongoing, persistent, and normalized way—and that university can be a hostile environment where the possibility of daily unwanted sexual experiences is a lived, endemic reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Planning the transition to adulthood of youth with severe to profound intellectual disability (ID) requires professionals from different institutions to work together. However, there are few studies in the literature that focus on professionals involved in this transition. Method: This study documented factors impacting the transition to adulthood of youth with severe to profound ID and potential solutions from the perspective of professionals from different sectors involved in transition planning, using individual interviews. Results: The absence of clear markers to guide professionals, lack of system navigator and recognition of rehabilitation potential of individuals with severe to profound ID were some of the obstacles experienced by professionals. They felt helpless facing the distress of families. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors that, from the professionals' perspective, impact this transition could help to foster intersectoral collaboration between the many professionals involved and guide future initiatives to develop relevant and realistic solutions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a threat to the individual and marital integrity of couples as the relationship is called upon to evolve into a caregiver-patient one. In Quebec (Canada), there are currently very few services offered in which these couples can participate together as a couple. In a qualitative multi-case study, five couples had the opportunity to participate in art therapy informed by integrative behavioral couple therapy over 10 meetings held in their homes. The results suggest that art therapy has many positive benefits on these couples, such as providing pleasure, expressing emotions, assessing relational dynamics, and fostering empathy. It was found that art therapy fulfilled five specific functions: play, appease, stimulate, express, and transform.

Objective To assess changes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatments and outcomes in Canada, comparing 2005–2010 and 2017–2021 inception cohorts. Methods Patients enrolled within three months of diagnosis in the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes (ReACCh-Out) and the Canadian Alliance of Pediatric Rheumatology Investigators Registry (CAPRI) cohorts were included. Cumulative incidences of drug starts and outcome attainment within 70 weeks of diagnosis were compared with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression. Results The 2005–2010 and 2017–2021 cohorts included 1128 and 721 patients, respectively. JIA category distribution and baseline clinical juvenile idiopathic arthritis disease activity (cJADAS10) scores at enrolment were comparable. By 70 weeks, 6% of patients (95% CI 5, 7) in the 2005–2010 and 26% (23, 30) in the 2017–2021 cohort had started a biologic DMARD (bDMARD), and 43% (40, 47) and 60% (56, 64) had started a conventional DMARD (cDMARD), respectively. Outcome attainment was 64% (61, 67) and 83% (80, 86) for inactive disease (Wallace criteria), 69% (66, 72) and 84% (81, 87) for minimally active disease (cJADAS10 criteria), 57% (54, 61) and 63% (59, 68) for pain control (<1/10), and 52% (47, 56) and 54% (48, 60) for good health-related quality of life (≥9/10). Conclusion Although baseline disease characteristics were comparable in the 2005–2010 and 2017–2021 cohorts, cDMARD and bDMARD use increased with a concurrent increase in minimally active and inactive disease. Improvements in parent and patient-reported outcomes were smaller than improvements in disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Boxall Profile provides a framework for the structured observation of children in nurture groups. It is a detailed and rigorously trialled normative diagnostic instrument developed for teachers and teaching assistants to measure children's levels of emotional and behavioural functioning. Moreover, it highlights specific targets for intervention within a child's individual functioning. As of yet, the psychometric properties of the French version of Boxall Profile have not been extensively studied. In total 169 boys and 23 girls (N = 192) ranging from 6 to 13 years old (M = 9.24 years old, SD = 1.83) were assessed by their teacher using the French version of the Boxall Profile, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Teacher Report Form. Internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's Alpha), correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were performed. The results demonstrate good reliability of scales and sub-scales, the fit of the first level of factorial structure, and good concurrent validity. These results suggest the effectiveness of the French version of the Boxall Profile in properly identifying students facing difficulties. Possible solutions are discussed to improve the construct validity of the second and third tiers of the instrument.

Background and objective Children with medical complexity (CMC) have chronic and severe conditions leading to medical fragility. CMC represent less than 1% of children but account for one-third of paediatric healthcare expenditures. Enrollment to a complex care program (CCP) decreases health care resource utilization while improving parental satisfaction. An in-depth understanding of how these changes operate in real-world setting is needed to further support CMC and their families. This study aimed at assessing the possible reasons for a decrease in emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization length of stay related to enrollment to a CCP, based on parental perspectives. Study design Using a qualitative approach, data were collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with parents of CMC enrolled in a CCP from a university hospital centre in Montreal, Canada. The interview guide was co-constructed by an interdisciplinary team, including a parent partner and a clinical nurse coordinator. Themes have been identified inductively, using thematic analysis. Results Parents identified personalized care , family empowerment and guidance as enablers arising from the CCP that contributed to the decrease in hospital-delivered care utilization. Improvement in medical baseline condition was also identified as a contributing factor, while not necessarily related to program's support. Conclusions In this study, we identified personalized care, parental empowerment, and guidance as three strategies for a CCP to potentially decrease ED visits and hospital length of stay, from the parents' perspective. Parents identified the clinical nurse coordinator as playing a central role in supporting the implementation of these strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-agent regorafenib is approved in Canada for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who have failed previous lines of therapy. Identifying prognostic biomarkers is key to optimizing therapeutic strategies for these patients. In this clinical study (NCT01949194), we evaluated the safety and efficacy of single-agent regorafenib as a second-line therapy for mCRC patients who received it after failing first-line therapy with an oxaliplatin or irinotecan regimen with or without bevacizumab. Using various omics approaches, we also investigated putative biomarkers of response and resistance to regorafenib in metastatic lesions and blood samples in the same cohort. Overall, the safety profile of regorafenib seemed similar to the CORRECT trial, where regorafenib was administered as ≥ 2 lines of therapy. While the mutational landscape showed typical mutation rates for the top five driver genes (APC, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and TP53), KRAS mutations were enriched in intrinsically resistant lesions. Additional exploration of genomic-phenotype associations revealed several biomarker candidates linked to unfavorable prognoses in patients with mCRC using various approaches, including pathway analysis, cfDNA profiling, and copy number analysis. However, further research endeavors are necessary to validate the potential utility of these promising genes in understanding patients' responses to regorafenib treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Within the field of coach development, previous research has ascertained that elite coaches learn through a variety of formal, non-formal, and informal sources. Little is known, however, about how coaches from different coaching contexts such as recreational and developmental learn to coach. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how coaches from youth recreational and developmental coach contexts access and appreciate various coach learning sources, and whether there were any differences between these two contexts. Data collection and analysis: Basketball and soccer coaches (N = 758) from the two different contexts (recreational and developmental) were recruited through their respective sport organizations to participate in an online questionnaire about their coach learning. Specifically, they were asked about which learning sources they consulted and how helpful they found each source to be. The two groups were compared using chi-square and odd ratios, independent t-tests, and factorial ANOVA analyses. Findings: Findings suggest that developmental coaches access a greater number of learning sources than do recreational coaches; however, for most sources both groups of coaches report the same level of helpfulness. Together, these findings suggest that the specific coaching context (recreational versus developmental) is an important consideration when examining coach learning.

Karl Tomm, a Canadian psychiatrist and family counsellor, has been at the forefront of developments in collaborative practice with clients for over 25 years. We situate Dr. Tomm's ideas in relation to counselling, noting some of his important contributions to conceptualizing counsellors' engagement with clients. We will also depict Tomm's innovations as dialogic, suggesting that he looks upon his interactions with clients as co-creating accomplishments in the back and forth of therapeutic interaction. We highlight detailed discursive analyses of his actual interviews with clients, illustrating some conversational practices that further collaborative practice. The article concludes by summarizing Tomm's ideas and conversational practices as they relate to fostering collaborative dialogue with clients. [Abstract presented in both English and French.]

Introduction: Chronic household food insecurity (HFI) and lack of food availability and accessibility in isolated communities are longstanding public health crises. This review aims to paint a more fulsome picture of food security initiatives in remote and isolated communities by examining programs across circumpolar countries, Australia, and Aotearoa New Zealand. This synthesis of research will contribute to an understanding of what types of initiatives exist and aid in the identification of best practices., Methods: The authors conducted a scoping review identifying articles that include either (1) an evaluation of an initiative with a quantitative food security outcome in remote and isolated communities, or (2) quantitative associations between exposure factors with food security outcomes. Inclusion criteria included English and French articles focused on remote and isolated communities in Canada, the US, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Greenland, and Russia from January 1997 to July 2022., Results: The article search yielded 1882 results, of which 96 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 26 studies evaluating initiatives, 66 studies evaluating exposure factors, and four studies that included both initiatives and exposure factors. The majority of the studies included in this review were conducted in Canada and Australia. No initiative studies conducted in Russia, Greenland, Norway, Finland, or Sweden fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in this review. The most common types of initiatives evaluated included school-based programs, market subsidies, and education initiatives, though a small number (<5) of other programs were evaluated, including traditional food programs and greenhouses. Though multiple programs resulted in lower food costs or increases in healthy food consumption in remote regions, the cost of a healthy diet in these areas remained high, as do levels of HFI. Factors associated with improved food security outcomes included higher income level, access to adequate housing, higher education level, access to transportation for harvesting, and the level of remoteness of a community. The studies included in this review also stressed the importance of access to and affordability of harvesting traditional foods in these regions., Conclusion: Those living in remote and isolated communities are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity and lack of access and availability of healthy foods, which are compounded by a variety of socioeconomic factors. This study highlights the lack of quantitative evaluations of food security initiatives in remote and isolated communities, as well as the wide variety in measured outcomes. Authors of several of the included articles note that community-led initiatives, with strong partnerships and local champions, were recommended in these populations, given the culturally and geographically diverse groups living in remote and isolated areas.

Inspired by Nurture Groups, Kangaroo Class (KC) programmes have been gradually expanding in francophone schools throughout the Canadian Province of Quebec. These classes are designed for primary students with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBDs) and aim to provide children with a nurturing and predictable environment. To date, KC research data show only moderate improvements in attendees' behaviour. The aim of this study is to differentiate the characteristics of children with a positive behavioural trajectory from those with a negative behavioural trajectory after 2 years of attending KC by examining the sample group in light of their prior educational history, family-specific factors and types of SEBDs. Results indicate that the primary school children whose behaviour improved after 2 years attending KC had entered the programme displaying higher levels of adjustment difficulties and a greater incidence of internalising behaviours in contrast to those whose behaviour deteriorated. These preliminary results, although obtained through a very small sample size, might warily suggest that when a KC admission choice must be made between a range of potential programme candidates, selecting children with internalising behaviours over those with externalising behaviours would likely lead to more effective outcomes.

Introduction: Canadian Indigenous populations have a high incidence of poisoning; it has been suggested that care provided to the population living in remote areas is suboptimal. Our study aims to compare the continuum of care of poisoned people in Indigenous communities with those in non-Indigenous communities located in rural regions in the province of Québec. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from the Center Antipoison du Québec (CAPQ) over a 2-year period (2016-2017). We evaluated the care trajectory of Indigenous patients suffering of poisoning as compared to non-Indigenous patients living in rural areas. Our primary outcome was the duration of CAPQ involvement in case management. Our secondary outcome was the symptoms severity at the end of case management. Results: Among 491 identified poisoned patients (238 Indigenous/253 non-Indigenous), the duration of CAPQ involvement in case management was 9.4 h [2.9-21.3] for Indigenous patients versus 5.5 h [0.1-14.4] for non-Indigenous patients. No statistically significant difference was found between groups (geometric means ratio (GMR) adjusted = 1.08; [0.84; 1.38]). Results were consistent by age and sex groups. Most patients, in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous, showed mild to moderate symptoms at follow-up (59% vs 54%). One death was registered in each group. The CAPQ received a limited number of calls from the non-conventioned First Nations during the study period. Conclusions: We did not observe differences on the duration in case management. Perceptions of suboptimal care provided to rural Indigenous population are likely to be related to geographical remoteness rather than ethnicity. Further research is needed to better identify potential factors involved in the continuity of care provided in emergency situations. Another study will be carried out to describe the Indigenous realities and to better understand the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to describe how occupational therapists evaluate older adults with cognitive impairments. A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Four focus groups were conducted with 16 occupational therapists working with cognitively impaired older adults in institutional and community care settings. An inductive thematic analysis of the content of the interviews was applied. Occupational therapists described a three-stage assessment process that was predominantly occupation-based, linear and iterative: (a) gathering information from the older adult, their care network and family members to plan the assessment, (b) assessing cognitive impairment and occupational performance using non-standardized observations and standardized tests, and (c) applying clinical reasoning to predict further performance issues and safety. Despite using a predominantly occupation-based assessment process, occupational therapists reported a lack confidence to predict safety. Occupational therapists may require additional knowledge, skills and tools to support them in assessing older adults with cognitive impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are witnessing the integration of increasingly sophisticated information and communication technologies (ICTs) in higher education settings. Understanding learners' and instructors' perceptions of their proficiency and use of ICTs is critical to the success of their integration in universities. Using a theoretical framework grounded in technology integration and educational psychology, survey data were collected from students and instructors spanning 12 Quebec universities. Results show that, for instructors, the efficacy of ICT use, and constructivist, interactive forms of teaching most strongly predict a positive perception of the classroom learning experience. Meanwhile, for students, stimulating lectures are the chief predictors of their learning appreciation. Directions for future research are discussed in light of the results of this study.

This article presents a description of ACE (Accompagnement collaboratif des enseignants (Collaborative teacher accompaniment)), a new program designed to guide secondary school teachers in integrating students with behavioral problems in their classrooms. ACE proposes collaborative accompaniment inspired by behavioral and mental health consultation models. In this program, a specially trained professional meets either individually or in small groups with teachers, six times during a school year to address difficulties encountered in managing some behaviors by offering support through a problem solving process. A study combining qualitative and quantitative methodology was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ACE with 85 teachers who participated in the program in the treatment group and 44 in a comparison group. Full results of this study are accessible elsewhere (Massé, Couture, Lévesque, & Bégin, accepted). The summary of results presented here indicated that teachers appreciated the program and recognized its utility in helping solving behavior problems in a positive manner and that ACE had positive impact on teachers' stress.

Background Older adults are more vulnerable to severe infection and mortality due to COVID-19. They have atypical presentations of the disease without respiratory symptoms, making early diagnosis clinically challenging. We aimed to compare the baseline characteristics, presentation, and disease course of older (≥70 yrs & ≥90 yrs) and younger (<70 yrs) patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods Retrospective review of 429 consecutive patients hospitalized at two tertiary care hospitals in Montreal, Canada, with PCR- confirmed COVID-19. Baseline characteristics, presentation, in-hospital complications, and outcomes were recorded. Desegregation by age was performed to compare older versus younger individuals. Additional subgroup analyses were performed amongst patients ≥70 stratifying by sex, living situation, and those presenting with geriatric syndromes compared to those without. Results Patients ≥70 (n=260) presented less frequently with respiratory symptoms compared to patients <70 (n=169) (52% vs. 32%). 11% of patients ≥70 and 24% of patients ≥90 presented with a geriatric syndrome as their sole symptom compared to 3% of those <70. Older adults were more likely to develop disease complications (including delirium, acute kidney injury, and hypernatremia) and had higher in-hospital mortality (32% vs. 13%). Subgroup analyses revealed heightened vulnerability to complications in older men, those from long-term care, and those with at least one geriatric syndrome upon presentation. Conclusions Older adults presenting to hospital with COVID-19 often have no respiratory symptoms and can present with only a geriatric syndrome. New geriatric syndromes in older individuals should trigger evaluation for COVID-19 and consideration for early initiation of multidisciplinary care to prevent complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the works of Canadian composers Guillaume Couture, Alexis Contant and Charles A. E. Harris on choral music in Montreal, Canada during the early 1900s. Career history of the three composers; Analysis of their compositions; Famous works.

The production of medical isotopes in Chalk River Laboratories facilities (Chalk River, ON, Canada) has resulted in a large quantity of cemented radioactive waste (CRW) containing valuable elements such as uranium. From the perspective of recovering and ultimately recycling valuable elements from CRW, the solubilization of key constituents such as uranium, mercury, and cesium has been previously investigated using H2SO4/KI. However, to achieve recycling of these elements, separation must be performed as they are co-solubilized. In this study, the extraction of uranium and mercury by chelating resin Lewatit TP260 from surrogate cemented radioactive waste (SCRW) leaching solution in sulfuric media and in the presence of iodide was investigated. Extraction of U and Hg was assessed as a function of the concentration of KI (0.12 M to 0.24 M) used during the SCRW dissolution process. Continuous experiments showed that the Lewatit TP260 functional group, aminomethylphosphonic acid, had a high affinity for U. Mercury was also extracted onto the Lewatit TP260. However, the presence of iodide in the SCRW leaching solution increased the competition between the adsorbed mercury of the stationary phase and the iodide–mercury complexes of the mobile phase. Additionally, the reusability of the resin was tested through extraction and desorption cycles. Due to the presence of trivalent cation, the capacity of Lewatit TP260 for U and Hg decreases with the number of cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence on public policy interventions and their ability to reduce household food insecurity (HFI) in Canada., Design: Four databases were searched up to October 2023. Only studies that reported on public policy interventions that might reduce HFI were included, regardless of whether that was the primary purpose of the study. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, risk of bias and certainty of the evidence assessments were conducted by two reviewers., Results: Seventeen relevant studies covering three intervention categories were included: income supplementation, housing assistance programmes and food retailer subsidies. Income supplementation had a positive effect on reducing HFI with a moderate to high level of certainty. Housing assistance programmes and food retailer studies may have little to no effect on HFI; however, there is low certainty in the evidence that could change as evidence emerges., Conclusion: The evidence suggests that income supplementation likely reduces HFI for low-income Canadians. Many questions remain in terms of how to optimise this intervention and additional high-quality studies are still needed.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 1970s, the state response to intimate partner violence (IPV) has increasingly become one of criminalization-particularly police intervention. Little is known, however, about marginalized women's experiences with the police within a context of intimate partner violence in Canada. Drawing on interviews with 90 battered immigrant women, this study examines which women contact the police, why some do not, and what characterizes their experiences when the police are involved in an IPV incident. This study demonstrates that while the women who called the police were demographically similar to those who did not call, the women who called reported much greater levels of physical abuse. Findings indicate that general fear of the police and fear of police being racist or culturally insensitive continue to be important reasons why women do not call the police. Notably, the majority of women who had contact with the police reported the encounter as positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers often address the emotional needs of family caregivers, which are particularly salient during the decision-making process regarding the choice of a living environment for a relative with dementia. In most home care settings, an assessment of caregivers' needs is not part of routine practices. This study aims to describe the intervention strategies adopted by social workers in relation to caregivers' emotions during their decision-making process. A qualitative research design was adopted. Seven social workers were recruited from three health and community service facilities in Montreal, Canada. One group and three individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data was analyzed using Miles, Huberman and Saldaña's method (2013). Seven intervention strategies were identified: investigating emotions, acknowledging emotions, encouraging caregivers to carry on their role, focusing on the rational aspects of the decision, mitigating prejudices against nursing homes, mediating family dynamics and acting upon families' needs. Some of these strategies are aimed at social workers meeting the demands of their jobs whilst others are centered around soothing caregiver emotions. These results can inform support services and future interventions by grounding them in the realities of service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collaborative school consulting programme model, using functional assessment and applied behavioural techniques, was offered to secondary school teachers in two modalities: individual consultation and small-group consultation. The objective was to facilitate the integration of students with behavioural difficulties into mainstream secondary school classes. Both consulting programme modalities shared the same postulates. This article presents the stakeholders' perceptions of the consulting model and its impacts on teachers and students. Presented here are the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers ("N" = 42), resource persons accompanying individuals or groups ("N" = 11) and school managers ("N" = 8) in the programme's first year of implementation. According to qualitative analysis of the interviews, these two models seem to have had positive impacts on teachers, especially in relation to their perceptions of students with behavioural difficulties and their understanding of behavioural problems. However, the group model is the one that elicited the most adhesion in all groups of actors.

Increasing arctic coastal erosion rates imply a greater release of sediments and organic matter into the coastal zone. With 213 sediment samples taken around Herschel Island—Qikiqtaruk, Canadian Beaufort Sea, we aimed to gain new insights on sediment dynamics and geochemical properties of a shallow arctic nearshore zone. Spatial characteristics of nearshore sediment texture (moderately to poorly sorted silt) are dictated by hydrodynamic processes, but ice-related processes also play a role. We determined organic matter (OM) distribution and inferred the origin and quality of organic carbon by C/N ratios and stable carbon isotopes δ13C. The carbon content was higher offshore and in sheltered areas (mean: 1.0 wt.%., S.D.: 0.9) and the C/N ratios also showed a similar spatial pattern (mean: 11.1, S.D.: 3.1), while the δ13C (mean: −26.4‰ VPDB, S.D.: 0.4) distribution was more complex. We compared the geochemical parameters of our study with terrestrial and marine samples from other studies using a bootstrap approach. Sediments of the current study contained 6.5 times and 1.8 times less total organic carbon than undisturbed and disturbed terrestrial sediments, respectively. Therefore, degradation of OM and separation of carbon pools take place on land and continue in the nearshore zone, where OM is leached, mineralized, or transported beyond the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique is the property of Ecole de Sante Publique de l'Universite de Montreal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Systemic hypertension has been recognized as a modifiable traditional cardiovascular risk factor and influenced by many factors such as eating habits, physical activity, diabetes, and obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors that predict changes in blood pressure induced by a one-year lifestyle intervention in primary care settings involving a collaboration between family physicians, dietitians, and exercise specialists. Patients with metabolic syndrome diagnosis were recruited by family physicians participating in primary care lifestyle intervention among several family care clinics across Canada. Participants for whom all cardiometabolic data at the beginning (T0) and the end (T12) of the one-year intervention were available were included in the present analysis (n = 101). Patients visited the dietitian and the exercise specialist weekly for the first three months and monthly for the last nine months. Diet quality, exercise capacity, anthropometric indicators, and cardiometabolic variables were evaluated at T0 and at T12. The intervention induced a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and plasma triglycerides, and an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated VO2max). Body weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.006) reduction, and VO2max increase (p = 0.048) were all related to changes in SBP. WC was the only variable for which changes were significantly correlated with those in both SBP (p < 0.0001) and DBP (p = 0.0004). Variations in DBP were not associated with changes in other cardiometabolic variables to a statistically significant extent. Twelve participants were identified as adverse responders (AR) in both SBP and DBP and displayed less favorable changes in WC. The beneficial effects of the primary care lifestyle intervention on blood pressure were significantly associated with cardiometabolic variables, especially WC. These findings suggest that a structured lifestyle intervention in primary care can help improve cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome and that WC should be systematically measured to better stratify the patient's hypertension risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilderness therapy (WT) provides an alternative treatment modality for a number of mental health issues. It holds particular appeal for at-risk youth, a population that is often less responsive to traditional psychotherapeutic interventions. Anecdotal accounts on the effectiveness of WT often show positive outcomes. Still, some researchers have questioned the value of WT outcome studies on the basis of dubious methodology. The current study sought to address this issue through its use of well-validated observational scales drawn from the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). While on a canoe expedition, three trained raters assessed the conduct of a group of at-risk youth aged 15 to 18 years. Results showed very little inter-observer agreement (Cronbach's alpha = 0.12). The findings underline the challenges of measuring WT outcomes. Even when equipped with validated and behaviourally anchored instruments, there appears to be little consistency among observers in terms of the degree to which WT influences participant change. The study demonstrates that when structured observation of WT participants is undertaken, outcomes are less definitive. This supports the criticisms offered by previous researchers who have expressed that in the absence of improvements to WT research methods, outcome findings are likely to be of questionable validity. (Contains 1 table.)

In a serial recall task, the "Hebb repetition effect" occurs when recall performance improves for a sequence repeated throughout the experimental session. This phenomenon has been replicated many times. Nevertheless, such cumulative learning seldom leads to perfect recall of the whole sequence, and errors persist. Here the authors report evidence that there is another side to the Hebb repetition effect that involves learning errors produced in a repeated sequence. A learning measure based on past recalls (correct or incorrect) shows that the probability of a given response increases with the number of prior occurrences of that response. The pattern of results reveals another manifestation of the Hebb repetition effect and speaks to the nature of implicit learning. (Contains 2 footnotes, 3 figures, and 4 tables.)

Copyright of Revue Francophone de Recherche en Ergotherapie is the property of Communaute Pour l Avancement de la Recherche Appliquee Francophone en Ergotherapie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A forged alloy steel anchor shackle, one of a batch of more than 2,600 produced for the project, failed catastrophically in service on a newly erected 66-kilometer high-voltage transmission line in northern Canada. A failure analysis led to a hypothesis that forging laps had created the critical crack size to initiate propagation under cold weather conditions. An extensive Charpy fracture toughness test program based on CAN/CSA C83.115-96 parameters was performed on 150 shackles, but the data did not support the initial hypothesis of temperature dependence. The forensic engineering team designed experimental tensile tests at ambient temperatures as low as -40°C to evaluate the propagation response of lap cracks in a statistically valid sampling of shackles. The trimmed forging flash area disguised laps from the manufacturing process, and subsequent galvanizing steps prevented detection by magnetic particle inspection. A focused recommendation for removal and replacement of the shackles was issued for those bearing major loads in the tower array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic—with its wide-reaching social, political, and economic implications—showcases the importance of public health governance. Governmental accountability is at the forefront of societal preoccupations, as state actors attempt to manage the pandemic by using sweeping emergency powers which grant them significant discretion. Though emergency measures have tremendous impacts on citizens' lives, elected officials and civil society have little input in how governments wield these powers. We reviewed available mechanisms in Canadian private, constitutional, and criminal law and found them to be unlikely sources of much-needed accountability. Therefore, we propose that provincial and territorial legislatures modify public health legislation to expand mechanisms to foster public confidence in decision-makers, and bolster accountability to parliaments and citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 37-year-old man attended a medical clinic at the confluence of the Appalachian and the St. Lawrence Valley after 2 weeks of coughing greenish sputum and progressive dyspnea on exertion. In addition, he reported fatigue, fevers, and chills. He had quit smoking a year earlier and was not a drug user. He recently had spent most of his free time outdoors, mountain biking, but had not travelled outside of Canada. Medical history was unremarkable. He did not take any medication. Upper airway samples taken for SARS-CoV-2 proved negative; he was prescribed cefprozil and doxycycline for presumed community-acquired pneumonia. He returned to the emergency room 1 week later with mild hypoxemia, persisting fever, and a chest radiography consistent with lobar pneumonia. The patient was admitted to his local community hospital, and broad-spectrum antibiotics were added to the regimen. Unfortunately, his condition deteriorated over the following week, and he experienced hypoxic respiratory failure for which he required mechanical ventilation before his transfer to our medical center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten French-speaking preschool children in Quebec with intellectual disabilities received either an intervention program based on the emergent literacy paradigm involving modeling, exploration, and interaction with an adult, or a comparison intervention. Pre- and post-test comparisons with a control group found the only item on which experimental students differed significantly was "pretend reading." (DB)

Background: Pathogen reduction (PR) technology will be implemented in pooled platelets in Canada. It is anticipated that PR platelets will be licensed in Canada for a maximum shelf life of 5 days, while non‐treated apheresis platelet products will continue to be licensed for 7 days. Study Design and Methods: This study evaluates the impact on inventory, wastage, and shortages of implementing PR platelets. A custom‐built simulation model was used to represent a regional distribution network. Experiments with the model were used to estimate product wastage and shortages when a 5‐day PR pooled platelet product is introduced alongside a 7‐day apheresis platelet product. Results: Pooled platelet waste and shortages both increase as pooled shelf life decreases. Apheresis platelets, however, show a different response: While shortages of apheresis platelets increase as the shelf life of pooled units decreases, apheresis waste declines as pooled shelf life decreases. Conclusion: Additional platelet collections will be necessary to accommodate the shorter PR platelet shelf life and to cover increased patient transfusion needs due to a lower platelet yield in PR units. Increases of 9% for pooled units and 6% for apheresis units beyond expected demand, were found to be sufficient to ensure a non‐inferior level of customer service while minimizing waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the relationship between contemporary art and public art education during the 1960s in Quebec, within the theoretical perspective of the social history of art. Analyzes the consolidation of modernism and the importance of the societal debate on education that questions the place and the role of art in society. (KM)

This review summarizes some of the main findings of our work with the Metals in the Environment Research Network examining seasonal and regional effects on metal accumulation, growth, condition, and physiology in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from 10 lakes comprising two metal contamination gradients in the industrial regions of Sudbury, Ontario and Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada. The specific objectives of this review are: (1) to propose threshold tissue metal concentrations to discriminate between fish from contaminated and reference sites; (2) to identify factors that can influence metal accumulation and fish condition; and (3) to define an experimental approach for measuring metal effects in wild yellow perch. Using tissue thresholds appeared useful not only for discriminating fish from clean or contaminated environments, but also provided a simple approach to examine metabolic consequences of tissue metal accumulation. Overall, fish from Sudbury grew faster, expressed higher aerobic capacities, and died younger, but also appeared better at limiting accumulation of some metals than Rouyn-Noranda fish. The condition of the latter fish was clearly more affected by metals than Sudbury fish. Finally, our dataset allows us to propose that yellow perch are highly suitable for ecological risk assessment studies of metal effects in wild fish, but that fish size, season, and region must be considered in sampling design and that several reference sites must be studied for meaningful conclusions to be reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several years now, the Natural Resources Canada research facility at CanmetENERGY Devon (AB, Canada) has been performing experiments in a pilot‐scale spill tank using 1200 L of river water to examine the physical and chemical behaviors of various crude oil/water mixtures under varying water temperature regimes. Because oil toxicity can be modulated by weathering of the petroleum products, the present study aimed to assess changes in fish embryotoxicity to mixed sweet blend crude oil as it weathered at air and water temperatures of 14 °C and 15 °C, respectively, for 28 d. The physicochemical behavior of the oil was also monitored. Water samples were taken from the spill tank 5 times during the 28‐d experiment on days 1, 6, 14, 21, and 28 and were used to perform toxicity exposures using fathead minnow embryos (Pimephales promelas). For each water sampling day, newly fertilized embryos were exposed to a serial dilution of the spill tank water, noncontaminated river water (used in the spill tank), and a reconstituted water laboratory control. Embryos were raised until hatching. Although mortality was not significantly altered by the oil contamination over the time period, malformation occurrence and severity showed concentration‐dependent responses to all contaminated water collected. The results suggest that days 14, 21, and 28 were the most toxic time periods for the fish embryos, which corresponded to increasing concentrations of unidentified oxidized organic compounds detected by a quadropole–time‐of‐flight system. The present study highlights a novel area for oil research, which could help us to better understand the toxicity associated with oil weathering for aquatic species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:127–138. © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Natural Resources Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Generally, South Asian Muslim communities reject dating and view it as shameful. Despite this, many South Asian Muslims still engage in dating. These traditional norms, however, remain influential and a part of the cultural context in which dating abuse occurs. This exploratory study examines South Asian Muslims' perceptions of how cultural norms forbidding dating and constructing it as shameful may affect women's experiences of dating abuse. Findings indicate these cultural norms may prompt fear of parental and community reactions to dating as well as strong relationship attachment. These then have implications for disclosure, help seeking, and ending abusive relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]