Search

Library discovery platforms, which provide searchable user interfaces as their front-facing layer, aggregate tremendous amounts of metadata from multiple data streams describing a wide variety of print and electronic resources. Complicating the matter further, resources may differ in availability or delivery time depending not only on their media but also upon the source of the data stream describing them. How should libraries structure end users' options for searching discovery platforms in light of the many options available? This study used a nonexperimental design and quantitative methods to analyze users' revealed preferences for query type in twenty-four academic libraries in a data set containing metadata, sans queries, for over 64 million searches. Libraries studied were all located in California, used the same discovery layer software, and served similar user and faculty constituencies; however, the number of query types and pre-filtering options available differed between institutions. Results show that, when users were presented with the choice between search options, most conducted simple, more broad searches rather than complex and specific searches. When search options were highly constrained by the default choice architecture, but complex searches were possible, few users opted out of the default simple search. Implications for usability of discovery layers and the motivations of librarians in choice architecture are nontrivial and are discussed. The desires of librarians and "power user" faculty must be balanced with the fact that most users are novices and users of all abilities are largely habituated to commercial search products which emphasize post-search results filtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability studies are used to estimate the proportion of items in a library collection that are available to users, and the proportion of items in a library collection that are unavailable to users as a result of system and/or human errors. Sanjeet Mann of the Armacost Library at the University of Redlands used a series of availability studies to more accurately understand and troubleshoot the e-resources access errors that keep undergraduate students at the university from obtaining the full text of electronic resources. In this presentation, Mann shared the details of his process, his results, and the implications of those results for improving local search systems as well as a conceptual model of e-resource availability errors based on the results of his research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In 2004, the Social Sciences and Humanities Library at the University of California-San Diego implemented restaurant-style pagers to notify waiting patrons that the reserve collection materials they needed were available. The authors describe the university libraries' process for implementing the pagers and the success staff has had with pagers over the past four years, list other libraries that use pagers, suggest other library uses for pagers, and offer guidance to institutions that might consider this service enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods caused by atmospheric rivers and wildfires fanned by Santa Ana winds are common occurrences in California with devastating societal impacts. In this work, we show that winter weather variability in California, including the occurrence of extreme and impactful events, is linked to four atmospheric circulation regimes over the North Pacific Ocean previously named and identified as the "NP4 modes". These modes come in and out of phase with each other during the season, resulting in distinct weather patterns that recur throughout the historical record. Some phase combinations favor atmospheric river landfalls and extreme daily or multi-day precipitation, while other phase combinations favor anomalously hot weather and drying Santa Ana wind conditions over Southern California. This historical perspective of atmospheric circulation and impacts over 70 years reveals that weather patterns are changing in a way that enhances wildfire hazard in California, while the frequency of weather patterns linked to historical floods is not diminishing. These changes highlight the rising hazards of cascading weather extremes in California's present and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing wildfire and declining snowpacks in mountain regions threaten water availability. We combine satellite‐based fire detections with snow seasonality classifications to examine fire activity in California's seasonal and ephemeral snow zones. We find a nearly tenfold increase in fire activity during 2020–2021 versus 2001–2019. Accumulation season broadband snow albedo declined 25%–71% at two burned sites (2021 and 2022) according to in‐situ data relative to un‐burned conditions, with greater declines associated with increased burn severity. By enhancing snowpack susceptibility to melt, both decreased snow albedo and canopy drove midwinter melt during a multi‐week dry spell in 2022. Despite similar meteorological conditions in December–February 2013 and 2022–linked to persistent high pressure weather regimes–minimal melt occurred in 2013. Post‐fire snowpack differences are confirmed with satellite measurements. With growing geographical overlap between wildfire and snow, our findings suggest California's snowpack is increasingly vulnerable to the compounding effects of dry spells and wildfire. Plain Language Summary: Satellite fire detections indicate substantial increases in wildfire activity in California's snow‐covered landscapes during 2020 and 2021, suggesting wildfire is increasingly altering mountain hydrology. During 2022, a multi‐week mid‐winter drought, or dry spell, occurred. A meteorologically‐similar dry spell occurred in 2013, and the 2022 event provides a test case to examine how post‐fire changes (canopy loss and deposition of burned dark material on snowpack) alter snowmelt patterns. Using field observations, weather station data, and satellite remote sensing of snow, we find large reductions in snow albedo and canopy cover drove rapid melt during the 2022 dry spell in burned areas whereas during 2013, minimal melt occurred. The societal connection between mountains and humans will be strained as mountains face increasing climate‐related stressors. Midwinter drought, snow loss, and increasing wildfire are expectations of a warming world. Addressing these challenges requires innovative water and forest management paradigms. Our findings motivate additional research into assessing and planning for post‐fire hydrologic changes in snow‐dominated landscapes as both wildfire and dry spells will increase in frequency with climate warming. Key Points: A 9.8x increase in satellite fire detections in California's snow zones in 2020–2021 versus 2001–2019 implies growing overlap in fire and snowPost‐fire accumulation season broadband snow albedo declined 25%–71%, driving fewer snow‐covered days and lower snow‐cover fractionCompared with the meteorologically similar 2013 dry spell, albedo and canopy declines led to rapid midwinter melt in 2022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: California's South Coast has experienced peak burned area in autumn. Following typically dry, warm summers, precipitation events and Santa Ana winds (SAWs) each occur with increasing frequency from autumn to winter and may affect fire outcomes. Aims: We investigate historical records to understand how these counteracting influences have affected fires. Methods: We defined autumn precipitation onset as the first 3 days when precipitation ≥8.5 mm, and assessed how onset timing and SAWs were associated with frequency of ≥100 ha fires and area burned during 1948–2018. Key results: Timing of autumn precipitation onset had negligible trend but varied considerably from year to year. A total of 90% of area burned in autumn through winter occurred from fires started before onset. Early onset autumns experienced considerably fewer fires and area burned than late onset autumns. SAWs were involved in many of the large fires before onset and nearly all of the lesser number after onset. Conclusions: Risk of large fires is reduced after autumn precipitation onset, but may resurge during SAWs, which provide high risk weather required to generate a large fire. Implications: During autumn before onset, and particularly during late onset autumns, high levels of preparation and vigilance are needed to avoid great fire impacts. Autumn precipitation and Santa Ana winds are opposing determinants of fire outcomes in California's South Coast region. Most of the area burned in autumn through early winter during 1948–2018 occurred from fires started before the onset of precipitation, defined as the first autumn event with 8.5 mm or greater precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Airborne lidar altimetry can measure the sea surface height (SSH) over scales ranging from hundreds of kilometers to a few meters. Here, we analyze the spectrum of SSH observations collected during an airborne lidar campaign conducted off the California coast. We show that the variance in the surface wave band can be over 20 times larger than the variance at submesoscales and that the observed SSH variability is sensitive to the directionality of surface waves. Our results support the hypothesis that there is a spectral gap between meso‐to‐submesoscale motions and small‐scale surface waves and also indicate that aliasing of surface waves into lower wavenumbers may complicate the interpretation of SSH spectra. These results highlight the importance of better understanding the contributions of different physics to the SSH variability and considering the SSH spectrum as a continuum in the context of future satellite altimetry missions. Plain Language Summary: Using unique measurements of the sea surface height (SSH) taken from an instrument onboard an airplane off the California coast, we examine how the variance of the SSH is distributed across different spatial scales, ranging from hundreds of kilometers to a few meters. We show that surface waves can be 20 times more energetic than motions with larger scales (known as submesocales) and that the direction of surface waves impacts the SSH variability depending on different sampling and averaging strategies. These results highlight the importance of better understanding the contributions of different types of motions and physics to the SSH variability. In particular, we advocate measuring scales from meters to hundreds of kilometers as a continuum to better inform future satellite altimetry missions. Key Points: We present unique broadband airborne lidar observations of sea surface height spanning scales from hundreds of kilometers to a few metersThe sea surface height variance due to surface waves can be over an order of magnitude larger than the variance at submesoscalesThe observed sea surface height is sensitive to the direction of waves which may impact the interpretation of remote sensing measurements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic matter in soils and sediments derives from a mixture of biological origins, often making it difficult to determine inputs from individual sources. Complicating the determination of source inputs to soil and sedimentary organic matter (OM) is the fact that physical and microbial processes have likely modified the initial composition of these sources. This study focused on identifying the composition of watershed-derived OM to better understand inputs to inland waters and improve our ability to resolve between terrigenous and aquatic sources in downstream systems, such as estuaries and coasts. We surveyed OM sources from the Yuba River watershed in northern California to identify specific biomarkers that represent aquatic and terrigenous OM sources. Multiple classes of organic proxies--including sterols, fatty acids (FA), lignin phenols and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values (δ13C, δ15N)--were measured in soils, vegetation, charcoal, and freshwater plankton to characterize representative source endmembers. Sterols-- including 27-nor-24-cholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, cholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, 24-methylcholesta- 5,22-dien-3β-ol and cholesta-5-en-3β-ol, and positive δ15N values--were associated with aquatic OM (plankton, suspended particulate OM), whereas lignin phenols, long chain FA, and diacids characterized terrigenous sources (soils, charcoal, vegetation). Trends in organic carbon and biomarker signatures in soil samples showed a response to environmental disturbance (i.e., mining, agriculture) through an inverse relationship between OM content and land use. Results from this study demonstrate the utility of multi-biomarker studies for distinguishing between OM from different sources and land uses, offering new insights for biogeochemical studies in aquatic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Eliasaf Robinson Collection on Tel Aviv, Israel that is available at the Stanford University Libraries website located at http://collections.stanfod.edu/telaviv. It states that the rich collection of books, magazines, and other historical materials were acquired by the university in 2005. It notes that the collection is from the Tel Aviv native and the most prominent antiquarian bookseller Eliasaf Robinson, who assembled the materials for forty years. It also discusses the history of Tel Aviv, which is documented in the collection. Moreover, it mentions that different digitalization equipments were used for each material such as the I2S DigiBook for the manuscripts and printed ephemera, while photographs are captured in 400 pixels per inch.

This article contains information about the Stanford University library in California and the Hoover Institution. The author presents biographical data about U.S. President Herbert Hoover and the formation of a library collection with materials from World War I. Information is presented about the history of the Stanford library and the Hoover Institution. The author discusses details about the library collection available at the Hoover Institution, including financial aspects.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a virtual library plan created by library directors of the 23 California State University (CSU) system campuses. The information literacy portion of the project offers a repository of high quality interactive digital learning objects (DLOs) in the MERLOT repository. Therefore, DLOs created locally at the Dr Martin Luther King, Jr Library at San José State University (SJSU) focus on topics that supplement the "core" DLO collection. Design/methodology/approach - This case study presents planning assumptions for developing local content that complements a California State University (CSU) system collection of high quality interactive information literacy DLOs. The authors also offer suggestions from the professional literature that guide their application of such Web 2.0 tools as wikis, podcasts, and tagging to create supplemental learning modules for their local information literacy instruction program. Findings - Web 2.0 Digital Learning Objects are essential components of an efficient academic information literacy program comprised of face-to-face and "on demand" virtual approaches. The California State University (CSU) system has identified a core set of DLOs, which are easily available in the MERLOT open access repository. Local development efforts, then, focus on the design and creation of DLOs of local significance. Practical implications - Librarians at the Dr Martin Luther King, Jr Library in San José, California, USA, are developing local content for Web 2.0-enabled information literacy instruction. These developments occur within the context of a 23 campus initiative, originating at the Chancellor's Office, which has identified high quality information literacy digital learning objects (DLOs). This core open access collection intends to fulfill academic libraries'core instructional needs and is freely available to any library through the open access MERLOT repository by any library Originality/value - This paper recommends an approach for local production of virtual information literacy content which benefits from harvesting the "best of the best" currently available on the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lists items added to the Huntington Library's collections of primary research materials and made available to researchers in 2000. Items appearing under the categories 'Manuscripts,' 'Rare Books,' 'Photographs' and 'Prints and Ephemera'; Statement of acknowledgment appearing at the end of the entry where gifts by donors have made acquisitions possible.

The article announces that the collection of the former Women's History Library known as the "Women's Health/Mental Health" is now available on microfilm which is published by the Women's History Research Center in Berkeley, California. The microfilm contains 13 reels of material about women, including women's physical and mental health, biology and the life cycle, sex and sexuality, and birth control. Customers could obtain further information about the microfilm through contacting Research Publications Inc., the Center's distributor, located at 12 Lunar Drive in Woodbridge, Connecticut.

The inner shelf, the transition zone between the surfzone and the midshelf, is a dynamically complex region with the evolution of circulation and stratification driven by multiple physical processes. Cross-shelf exchange through the inner shelf has important implications for coastal water quality, ecological connectivity, and lateral movement of sediment and heat. The Inner-Shelf Dynamics Experiment (ISDE) was an intensive, coordinated, multi-institution field experiment from September–October 2017, conducted from the midshelf, through the inner shelf, and into the surfzone near Point Sal, California. Satellite, airborne, shore- and ship-based remote sensing, in-water moorings and ship-based sampling, and numerical ocean circulation models forced by winds, waves, and tides were used to investigate the dynamics governing the circulation and transport in the inner shelf and the role of coastline variability on regional circulation dynamics. Here, the following physical processes are highlighted: internal wave dynamics from the midshelf to the inner shelf; flow separation and eddy shedding off Point Sal; offshore ejection of surfzone waters from rip currents; and wind-driven subtidal circulation dynamics. The extensive dataset from ISDE allows for unprecedented investigations into the role of physical processes in creating spatial heterogeneity, and nonlinear interactions between various inner-shelf physical processes. Overall, the highly spatially and temporally resolved oceanographic measurements and numerical simulations of ISDE provide a central framework for studies exploring this complex and fascinating region of the ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation in California is highly variable and not well forecasted on subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) timescales. Understanding relationships between synoptic‐scale atmospheric circulation and hydrometeorological extremes could improve predictability. This work demonstrates the importance of four North Pacific circulation regimes (called the NP4 modes) in modulating precipitation, flooding, and water resources in California. Here we demonstrate how, on daily timescales, interactions between the NP4 modes drive coastal flow that can result in dry conditions from atmospheric ridging or wet conditions associated with enhanced onshore flow and atmospheric river (AR) landfalls. Seasonally, the prevalence of certain NP4 phase relationships can tip the scale toward wet or dry conditions. Relationships between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the NP4 are explored, and we provide insight into the poorly forecasted Western US seasonal precipitation during the "Godzilla" El Niño winter of 2016 by examining climate‐weather linkages in a historical context. Plain Language Summary: The amount of precipitation that falls over California in a given water year is highly variable, which presents challenges for water resource management. Skill of both dynamical and statistical models in forecasting precipitation is low at lead times beyond 2 weeks. Recent research has explored relationships between atmospheric circulation patterns and precipitation extremes in the western United States, with the goal of improving predictability. This work demonstrates the importance of four North Pacific circulation regimes in modulating coastal flow patterns that ultimately determines the amount and spatial distribution of precipitation over California on daily and seasonal timescales. We show how the interaction between these modes on daily timescales drives wet and dry episodes within a season. Seasonally, we show how the daily variability occurs within certain constraints established by the larger, more slowly varying climate system, including (but not limited to) El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. This work improves understanding of climate‐weather relationships, which has implications for predictability of hydrometeorological extremes over California and the western United States. Key Points: Coastal vapor transport and California precipitation are modulated by four North Pacific circulation regimes on daily to seasonal timescalesThe most damaging California floods have occurred when these modes were jointly aligned to reinforce onshore flowSeasonally, these modes are influenced by ENSO but much variability occurs within the constraints set by the larger‐scale climate system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries remain one of the last places on campus where the purging of usage data is encouraged and "tracking" is a dirty word. While some libraries have demonstrated the usefulness of analytics, opponents bring up issues of privacy and debate the feasibility of student-generated library data for planning and assessment. Using a study conducted at the University Library, California State University, Long Beach, the authors of this article identified practical knowledge of data research that academic librarians will benefit from understanding. Readers will learn about the role campus culture plays in data gathering, be exposed to the complexities of learning analytics and Institutional Review Board (IRB) clearance, and read how the authors weighed the ethical use of big data analysis for assessing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of Los Angeles Law Library's collection of California, federal and other domestic law and the evolution of the role of the library and public law libraries in general. Topics discussed include the library's collection adhering to the standards of the American Library Association and the American Association of Law Libraries, selective depository for California government documents and collection of historical materials.

In the fall of 2015, two librarians at San Diego State University initiated a project to enhance the visibility of some of the library’s numerous electronic resources. Promotional materials were created to highlight some of the main features and functionality of seven specific databases to which the library subscribes. Although there are many factors of this project that warrant further research, the authors can definitively state that usage for six of the seven electronic resources featured in their promotional project did increase when they were advertised to a wider campus population via the library’s website. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author discusses the role of librarians as stewards of the academic library in helping off-campus communities meet pressing challenges in the 21st century. According to the author, to help break the academe-community barrier librarians should look beyond the confines of the library to transform the place into a more outward-facing institution. Further, he notes that as stewards of place, librarians should view libraries and communities as an organic unity and not as separate entities.

Statistical analysis and comparison of library print and online holdings are used to reduce shelf area and inform index back-file purchases. Nikki DeMoville of California Polytechnic State University’s Robert E. Kennedy Library combined Counting Online Usage of Networked Electronic Resources (COUNTER) JR2 Access Denied usage reports, holdings information, and print circulation data to identify journals exhibiting a high desirability for online access and low print circulation. In this presentation, DeMoville shared how further combination of this data with ScienceDirect quote lists for back-file journal packages and Web of Science metrics could be used to support the efficient de-selection of print journals, allowing the library to recover the maximum amount of physical space while also acquiring backfile access to those titles most frequently needed in electronic format. The presentation detailed the workflows and comparative methodology used to reach collection management and development decisions for journal coverage, with an emphasis on before and after metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An interview with music librarian Blair Whittington of the Brand Library and Art Center in Glendale, California is presented. He discusses why the music and art collections at Glendale Public Library were housed at Brand Library. Whittington reveals the other collections and materials at the library, as well as their various music recordings. Moreover, he also offers tips on how to obtain a card to access the library.

The King Library in San José, California, is a unique combination of academic and public library. It serves the diverse populations of the City of San José and San José State University (SJSU). This article provides analysis of data collected in a study on the concept of "library as place" and SJSU students' sense of belonging toward the King Library building. This study involved a mixed quantitative-qualitative research approach. In total, 744 students were surveyed. The results show that SJSU students use the library and it is relevant to their needs. Ideas for improvement and creation of services are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a year-long application of critical information literacy theory for social-science-related library workshops. Each of these workshops had a customized section that included working with special collections and university archives. The students who participated ranged from incoming freshman to seniors at Stanford University. The curriculum development method for these workshops is based on principles of collaborative co-design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the preservation of California state trial court records by the Stanford University Law School Library. The author begins by examining problems associated with records management, and notes how the California Judicial Council alleviated some of those problems by providing for the electronic creation and preservation of trial court records. She notes interstate differences in the institutional collection of such records, and explains the development of the right to collect within California as it pertains to non-governmental organizations. After outlining the Stanford Law Library Collection, the author utilizes its trial court records to explain a historic legal dispute between California oyster farming companies.

The article discusses nine items contained in the Bancroft Library at the University of California at Berkeley as of 2011. The author argues that the items demonstrate the diversity of information on California legal history in the library. According to the author, the library was established following a donation of historical documents by the late California bookstore owner and collector Hubert Howe Bancroft in 1905. The article examines library items including an oral history interviews with the late Mexican immigrant Ignacio Ezquer, a book entitled "Laws for the Better Government of California," by the late California military governor Richard B. Mason, and papers related to the San Francisco, California, Committee of Vigilance of 1851.

The article offers information on international series and electronic resource management, including information on vendor and publisher services and topics related to library schools and continuing education. The article presents abstracts from several journals including the July 2011 issue of "Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community," the June 2011 issue of "Serials Review." Topics include the awarding of the SAGE travel grant to librarian Patrick Carr to attend the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) International conference in England on September 14-16, 2011, a basic serials cataloging workshop at Pepperdine University on August 3, 2011, and the New York Public Library's (NYPL) online catalog changes implemented by software company Bibliocommons.

This article utilizes qualitative methods to explore changes in women's representation in a specific historical topic: World War II narratives. On one hand, war discourse is fundamental to the historical understanding of politics in many parts of the world. Furthermore, since the time World War II narratives first appeared in school textbooks, women's status has significantly increased around the world and in the United States. As a result, these narratives provide an interesting case to examine historical and enduring gender roles and power structures. Using a collection of twelve U. S. history secondary school textbooks published between the years 1956 and 2007 and used in California's public schools, we employ a modified version of Mary Kay Thompson Tetreault's (1986) five stages of thinking about women's history as our coding scheme. Our findings reveal not only greater mentions of women in newer textbooks, but also a greater use of compensatory and "bi-focal" narratives. However, we argue that these more recent texts still fall far short of adopting multifocal, relational narratives that challenge hegemonic gender relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current economic challenges have had a profound impact on collection development, as a good budget has become one which merely remains flat in comparison to the many budgets which have been severely cut. While inflation has steadily eroded collection budgets for many years, the Great Recession exacerbated economic woes as both academic endowments and state tax revenues declined drastically. The Health Sciences Libraries of the University of Southern California address these difficult times by communicating and collaborating with colleagues, customers, and vendors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers of Zygmunt Haupt, Polish emigre writer and painter, are now fully processed and open to researches in the Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is presented about conferences at the American Library Association's annual meeting in Anaheim, California in Summer 2008. The forums include "Next Steps in Next Generation Catalogs, A Report on Presentations and a Discussion, "International Authority Issues: The Time Is Now for Non-Roman Scripts in the Name Authority File," and "Removing the Fence: Merging Print and Electronic Serials Workflows."

The article discusses activism by women's clubs in California to promote reforms intended to improve social conditions for U.S. Indians. With the assistance of John Collier, former U.S. commissioner for Indian affairs, and Pueblo Indians, members of the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC) campaigned against assimilation-based U.S. policies regarding Indians and supported the return of lands to Indians as well as religious freedom and self-efficacy for Indian tribes. The author notes that GFWC members such as Stella Atwood investigated social problems faced by Indians and motivated Collier to promote Indian reforms.

The article presents various writings and speeches by California Supreme Court Justice Stanley Mosk which were housed at the California Judicial Center Library in San Francisco, California. These short pieces of writing deal with Mosk's various legal opinions on such topics as the death penalty, racial discrimination, and the right to privacy. Humorous anecdotes written by Mosk concerning court proceedings are also provided. His opinions on states' rights and the importance of state constitutionalism in the U.S. are also laid out.

The utility of every imaginable application which incorporates a gazetteer hinges on the simple fact that the resulting system will only be as useful, complete, or accurate as the underlying gazetteer itself. A major issue confronting gazetteers utilized in systems today is that they are not complete and measures of their accuracy are largely unknown. In this paper we describe a methodology which addresses this problem by automatically generating highly complete and detailed regional gazetteers from Internet sources. We utilize information extraction and integration techniques to automatically obtain geographic features and associated footprints and feature types from freely and widely available online data which could be applied to create a gazetteer for nearly any area. We discuss the distinguishing characteristics of the generated gazetteer and extend previous work to define measures which can be used to assess the completeness and accuracy of gazetteers. Using these measures, the generated gazetteer is evaluated against the Alexandria Digital Library Gazetteer and the Los Angeles Comprehensive Bibliographic Database. Our results indicate that a gazetteer created by our methods will be at least as complete as any gazetteer currently available for certain feature classes, while falling short in others. We conclude by offering suggestions to address these shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center will open soon, replacing the county's current 74-year-old facility with a modem, although smaller, facility. Los Angeles County has provided hospital care to the indigent since 1858, during which time, the operation of public hospitals has shifted from a state-mandated welfare responsibility to a preeminent part of the county's public health mission. As this shift occurred, the financing of Los Angeles County hospitals changed from primarily county support to state and federal government sources, particularly Medicaid. The success of the new hospital will depend on whether government leaders at all levels provide the reforms needed to help the county and its partners stabilize its funding base. (Am J Public Health. 2007;97:606-615.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library in San Jose, California is a unique dual-use library serving the students of San Jose State University and the community of San Jose, California. The reference collections of the two libraries are merged and interfiled to promote ease of access for both populations served. Economies of scale were realized through collaborative collection development activities for major reference purchases between the two institutions. This article describes the planning and creation of the King Library's merged reference collection and reviews the literature of collaborative collection development and merged or interfiled collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have recently reconceptualized the archive not only as a repository of knowledge, but also as an active producer and arbiter of knowledge. The study of archives, from this perspective, must attend to processes as well as products. This paper examines UCLA's Archiving Filipino American Music in Los Angeles (AFAMILA) project as a case study of collaborative archiving, from the perspective that both methodology, the strategies and practices of collecting, and musical content, the sounds collected, determine the meaning of music archives. Furthermore, the study seeks to demonstrate how the collaborative approach, with its emphasis on dialogue and exchange, subverts the discourses of power that have historically shaped music archiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the history of multiracialism in the Boyle Heights neighborhood in East Los Angeles, California. Transformation of community from Jewish enclave to predominantly Mexican community; Neighborhood's commitment to multiracialism in the 1950s; History of Jewish Boyle Heights in the late twentieth century.

This section offers news briefs related to library service in the U.S. The American Library Association held its annual meeting in San Francisco, California in June 2001. Blackwell's Book Services released Blackwell's Online Bookshop (BOB) in a U.S. version. A report from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) focuses on the economic and logistical issues associated with creating a shared library depository.

Simple Summary: Global climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, which can have serious impacts on our environment. To examine how a severe drought in 2014 impacted wild bees in scrub habitats of San Diego, California, we compared bee samples collected before and after the drought. We also investigated whether habitat loss and fragmentation worsened the impacts of drought on wild bees by comparing samples collected from large natural reserves to those from small fragments of scrub habitat embedded in urban areas. Samples collected after the drought contained fewer bee species and fewer individual bees of most species, indicating that bee populations suffered losses during the drought. However, after-drought samples contained large numbers of Dialictus sweat bees, indicating that some bee species benefitted from environmental conditions present during the drought. The impact of drought on the composition of bee samples was three fold higher than the impact of habitat fragmentation, and habitat fragmentation did not appear to have exacerbated the impacts of drought. Our findings highlight the importance of studying how impacts of climate change compare with impacts of habitat loss and other threats to biodiversity conservation. Global climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, which could have serious repercussions for the maintenance of biodiversity. Here, we compare native bee assemblages collected via bowl traps before and after a severe drought event in 2014 in San Diego, California, and examine the relative magnitude of impacts from drought in fragmented habitat patches versus unfragmented natural reserves. Bee richness and diversity were higher in assemblages surveyed before the drought compared to those surveyed after the drought. However, bees belonging to the Lasioglossum subgenus Dialictus increased in abundance after the drought, driving increased representation by small-bodied, primitively eusocial, and generalist bees in post-drought assemblages. Conversely, among non-Dialictus bees, post-drought years were associated with decreased abundance and reduced representation by eusocial species. Drought effects were consistently greater in reserves, which supported more bee species, than in fragments, suggesting that fragmentation either had redundant impacts with drought, or ameliorated effects of drought by enhancing bees' access to floral resources in irrigated urban environments. Shifts in assemblage composition associated with drought were three times greater compared to those associated with habitat fragmentation, highlighting the importance of understanding the impacts of large-scale climatic events relative to those associated with land use change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to describe the scope and depth of the historic corporate annual report collections in twelve academic/research libraries in North America. For many decades, a few major academic business libraries have been collecting and preserving corporate Annual Reports (ARS), the reports sent to shareholders documenting the financial status and future plans of the company. Today these historic collections provide more than a record of the companies' finances; they provide a glimpse into the social and cultural thoughts from the past and the corporate stories of individual companies. Digitization of these reports has only just begun; so, except for fewer than 900 companies (most of which have been on the Fortune 500 list), the companies included in these historic annual report collections are not available electronically. The combined collection of the twelve libraries includes reports from nearly 38,000 different companies. Stanford, Harvard, and Western Ontario have the largest collections. Harvard and Columbia have collections with significant historic depth, while Purdue has a collection with important late-twentieth-century holdings. The overlap of the collections is much smaller than was anticipated. The two largest collections, Stanford with over 18,000 companies and Harvard with over 11,000 companies, have only 3,668 companies in common. The overlap of companies between the largest five collections is only thirty-three companies. This research identifies these collections as unique and therefore valuable to the study of specific company histories and the industrial development in North America. Librarians need to preserve these collections and work toward digitizing them.

The article discusses a study conducted by researchers from University of California at Berkeley to examine the costs of digital image distribution for educational purposes. The researchers examined the experimental project, the Museum Education Site Learning Project (MESL). The primary cost centers in the digital network distribution of images and text through the MESL Project were identified, defined and explored by the researchers.

Presents updates related to the Organization of American Historians (OAH) as of 1984. Recipient of the Louis Pelzer Memorial Award for 1983; Job vacancies at the "The Journal of American History" publication; Details of a survey on OAH members released by Lewis Perry at the business meeting of the OAH in Los Angeles, California on April 6, 1984.