Search

This article contributes to debates on the decentering of urban research by critically examining emergent forms of housing in the mining municipality of Canaã dos Carajás, Brazil, beyond the dominant lexicons that have emerged from the country's metropolises. The notion of 'beyond the metropolis' is offered here as a geographically situated, conceptual placeholder that empirically grounds calls for dislocating urban research. I draw upon fieldwork conducted in Canaã in 2018 and 2019, after the construction of the largest open‐pit mine in human history, which attracted tens of thousands of migrants and more than doubled Canaã's population in five years, creating a severe housing crisis. By looking closely at how regional developers, local authorities, mining giant Vale as well as Amazonian majorities came up with their own 'solutions' to the housing problem they faced, I foreground the role of 'extractivism' and 'extensions' in driving and shaping urbanization and inhabitation—beyond the metrocentric emphasis on agglomerative dynamics driven by industrialization and rural‐to‐urban migration. This twofold conceptual grammar grounded in non‐metropolitan Amazonia is absent from current housing debates and illustrates the generative analytical potential inherent in the move beyond the metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arq.urb is the property of Arq.urb and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Culture influences food consumption and nutrient intake. In this paper we present a new approach in research, examining how knowledge and understanding of food is encoded in cultural models. The degree to which individuals match these shared models in their own consumption patterns is then measured, using the concept of cultural consonance. In research conducted in urban Brazil, the configuration of cultural models of food, and the association of cultural consonance in food with nutrient intake, are moderated by socioeconomic status. The theory and method employed here offers a new approach to the study of culture, food, and nutrient intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists have long emphasized the social significance of foods and the contexts in which they are consumed. Expanding on this idea, we define the context of consumption as the non-eating behaviors that surround eating, such as the manner of food preparation, food sharing, and dietary patterns. In this study, we used cultural consensus analysis to assess whether there exist consistently shared, normative ideas about preferable context of food consumption in three diverse research sites: urban Ethiopia, rural Brazil, and rural Haiti. Our analysis demonstrates that in all three communities, there are distinct sets of behaviors that people identified as non-preferable because they reliably associate them with poverty and food insecurity, and behaviors that people identify as preferable because they reliably associate them with wealth and food security. Across the settings, there was little variation in agreement about behaviors across household composition, age, gender, and food security status. These findings suggest that people do indeed share culturally specific ideas about the context in which foods should be prepared and consumed, beyond the actual content of one's diet. Exploring these cultural models elucidates the social consequences of food insecurity, enabling researchers to better examine the relationship between food insecurity, social context, and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Debates is the property of Revista Debates and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growing research on public security policy in the context of urban crime and insecurity largely re-flects a shifting paradigm towards a new culture of control. At the same time, research has rarely asso-ciated descriptive studies about the emergence of insecurities with discourses, policies and measures that aim at the production of greater urban security. This paper seeks to address this comparison through exploring the interwovenness of security practices and arrangements in everyday life. Drawing on the theory of social practices and the interaction of agencies and structures – institutions, policies and discourses at different scales – we argue that there is a mutual interrelation between public and private security policies on the one hand and the space-related everyday practices of urban middle-class residents on the other hand. Taking two districts located in the city of São Paulo as examples, the paper presents the results of 70 qualitative interviews with inhabitants concerning the nexus of doings and sayings in everyday practices in the context of different (in-)security production processes. We discuss how these security practices emerge as the grounding concept of shifting public security and neighbourhood at the local level. Thus, the main purpose of the paper is to theoretically overcome the conceptual dualism of reading sociality in public and private (in-)security by putting social practices theory empirically into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dearq is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current challenge of promoting the sustainable provision of social housing for the global population requires an integrated evaluation of the infrastructure and service availability across a territory. Few applications are recognized for supporting social housing plans with spatial information, especially regarding the ability to provide room for new initiatives. The aim of this research is to propose a Social Housing Index (SHI) for integrating and quantifying urban spatial socio-environmental information to support social housing plans. To this end, data about land use and sectoral activities are integrated using a standardizing methodological framework. The SHI supports studies on location alternatives for new housing projects and the availability of infrastructure and services for the implemented housing complexes. The proposed index also harmonizes the development of housing plans by making different demands compatible for supporting urban sustainability. • Standardizing framework integrates information of land use and sectorial plans. • The Social Housing Index is proposed to support an ex-ante and ex-post analysis. • The level of urban services and infrastructure provision is evaluated. • Heterogenous conditions are identified in areas meant to receive social housing. • Projects in the peripheries present low access to jobs and cultural facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time series methodology was used with the main of adjusted trend and forecasting models to Brazilian and Espírito Santo State beef cattle. It was gathered the annual series data with information about the number of beef cattle between 1974 and 2017 years, to Brazil and Espírito Santo from IBGE's Municipal Livestock Research. The quadratic trend model adjusted with a 0,25 damping factor could be the best one to forecast of beef cattle to all Brazilian territory with the value of coefficient of determination was 0,9928, while the trend quadratic model adjusted by the moving averages method and clustered from five years was the most adequate to realize the prediction of livestock population to next years, with the value of coefficient of determination was 0,7546. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Direito da Cidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Direito da Cidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The urban development of cities in Brazil happened haphazardly, bringing an increase in the number of people and disruption in urban centers, and thus began to occur problems such as lack of housing, lack of infrastructure and inefficient community appliances in general. It is at this point that the constitutional principle of the urban property social function gets importance for the development of Brazil. According to that, the Legislature has making efforts to regulate the constitutional instruments of effecting social function of urban property covered by the Federal Constitution, which deal respectively with the compulsory subdivision or construction, progressive property and urban land tax in time with payment in government bonds. The study came up with the problem of research about how the existing instruments of social status in the City have contributed to the fulfillment of the social function of urban property, preventing the existence of unused or underused buildings in the Currais Novos-RN city ,so that the general objective was to identify how these instruments has contributed to the fulfillment of social function. The theories studied were the Federal Constitution, the Statute of the City, and the Master Plan of Currais Novos city, the Complementary Law no. 08, from November 1, 200. The methodology applied happened through interviews and questionnaires with two county secretaries and three servers. Finally, we were able to obtain results that helped to understand the constitutional instruments as well, the aim of the social function of urban property for social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to stimulate discussions on the terms city, urban and medium sized city, with a view to proposing criteria which, considering the specificities of the urban network of Bahia, allow to identify their medium-sized cities. Certainly because it deals, at the same time, of a theoretical debate and a mapping exercise, here does not dissipate the subject at hand. With this paper we intend to establish a starting point for the posterior elaboration of deepening studies about this question and give account of the singularities of these cities. It is understood though its results may provide of subsidies to similar researches to be conducted in other states. This work finds itself divided into four parts, and a brief introduction. Initially, we presented some ideas and concepts, made by different authors, about city and its relationship with urbanization due to industrialization. The second topic was realized a reflection of the theme medium-sized city, which reviews questions related to population size as a principle for their identification, characteristics and roles. Based on these considerations and analysis of some of the peculiarities of the urban network of state, proposed a set of basic criterions to see which of their municipal seats would be so categorized. Finally, we had woven additional discussions on this subject, highlighting the importance of studying it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on medium-sized cities in Brazil gain prominence in the academic and public policies development in the 1970s. With the new economic context of globalization and territorial reconfigurations, some authors have proposed the use of the term intermediate city or town intermediary, whose scope is built on qualitative criteria, including the idea of a structured space of relations and flows in us. In the Northeast, the urbanization process was slow, fragmented, dispersed geographic and economically, which resulted in a truncated urban network, which consists primarily of its nine regional capitals and about two dozen medium-sized cities, mostly interiorized. It is from this 'urban network northeastern interiorized' we seek to understand the fundamental functions of Pau dos Ferros (RN), Souza and Cajazeiras (PB) in regional development and the role they play in their respective regions of influence that permeate the ray partition RN-PB-CE. A priori these functions would offer enough jobs to accommodate the population surrounding rural and absorb the population of urban are as saturated and ease living conditions. In general terms, what can be seen is that trade and services has a very high relative share in the PIB composition of the three cities, reinforced by the participation of the state, especially the provision of education services, including higher and health, beyond of jobs, particularly in trade and public services, which allows us to treat them as a priori intermediate cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis about Chapecó, a city in the western region of Santa Catarina, taken from the interpretation of productive transformations, driven both by new and traditional economic agents, and its social implications, concerning changes in population and in the local and regional labor market, as well as the contribution for the intensification of socio and spatial inequalities and processes of urban and regional restructuring resulting from it. Therefore, both quantitative and qualitative research was conducted, considering primary, secondary and field data base. We conclude that the traditional role of Chapecó, associated to the agribusiness activities intermediation functions, still holds. However, the tertiary sector diversification, the recent arrival of external economic agents and the establishment of a federal university may suggest that new roles are being revealed, partly re-functionalizing the city in the regional urban network. There still remain, however, the challenges facing social and regional inequalities as well as the environmental impacts engendered in the process of urban and regional (re) structuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article make a historical rescue about the housing problem in Latin America and bring to example the Brazil and Chile, countries that have interesting polity to try to solve the housing problem. From the XIX century, with the industrialization and, consequently, the increasing urbanization, the Latin America cities had suffered with the urban problems. Including, the housing question stands out because is a problem that affect our cities until today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the ways that narcotics, violence, and death affect contemporary urban space. Though geographers have long investigated patterns of drug use and death in cities, few have analyzed how drugs and homicide-with the capabilities to alter both bodies and space--produce change and profoundly influence urban sociospatial contexts. By unpacking multiple narratives of daily violence and drug use from the favela community of Pirambu in Fortaleza, Brazil, the need is shown for nuanced spatial analytics that treat the relationships between narcotics, homicide, and fear, and account for their roles in shaping everyday urban landscapes. Important for understanding the interconnected spatial relationships between past and present (and future) events, necro- and narco-geographies also shed light on the ways that people encounter and experience space in a growing number of urban contexts worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Turisticos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of this study was to assess the determining factors, such as storage capacity, water quality and public policies, involved in the publication of scientific articles. It also sought to investigate the influence of Brazilian legislation on particular systems for harnessing rainfall in Brazil. The methodology entailed conducting a bibliographical research of the municipal, State and federal legislation in force in Brazil for the governance of technical standards and the scientific articles about the harvesting of rainwater. A total of 6 technical standards were analyzed, together with 56 legal referrals and 63 articles from national and international periodicals taken from the Google Cloud Platform for Education, SciELO, Science Direct and CAPES, and based on the principal keywords such as a "system for harnessing rainfall" and "rainwater harvesting systems". The results show that the works that predominated were studies on the qualitative and quantitative features of rainfall and that around 80% of the publications analyzed, addressed/made use of the main legislative instruments with regard to storage, water quality and the construction and operation of systems. All the Brazilian States with the exception of three (Minas Gerais, Roraima and Pará), have at least one incentive policy for the creation or installation of catchment systems, storage and the harvesting of rainwater in the country. It can be concluded that the laws sanctioned in Brazil for rainwater are of recent origin and that they provide mechanisms for offering incentives and ensuring their enforcement in accordance with technical criteria. However, they need updating so that there can be a broader understanding of the question of how policies for the management of water operate in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo analiza una dimensión casi ausente en estudios sobre los mecanismos socioterritoriales que reproducen las desigualdades en Brasil: las diferencias en el riesgo de atraso escolar de niños y jóvenes de 7 a 17 años en función de la segregación residencial en Río de Janeiro. Con datos del Censo Demográfico del 2000 se construyeron dos conjuntos de modelos de regresión logística de niveles múltiples para cuantificar el riesgo de atraso escolar de los alumnos de cuarto y octavo año de la educación primaria, según las características individuales, las condiciones socioeducativas familiares y el contexto social del lugar de residencia. Los resultados, además de revelar una relación entre la residencia en una favela y un mayor riesgo de atraso escolar, muestran que el riesgo de atraso y evasión escolares se acentúa entre los habitantes de favelas localizadas en barrios ricos. Se examinan posibles mecanismos explicativos de los hallazgos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban Landscape Archaeology. Relations among archaeology, urban geography and architecture, defined as urban landscape archaeology, are emphasized in this article. Archaeological investigations in Paranapanema river basin, called Paranapanema Project, São Paulo State, reinforce this interdisciplinary approach as a example of the archaeology of an urban environment of a town in south-eastern Brazil. A glossary of technical terms is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some data illustrating the process of changes that are affecting larger cities in Brazil. The study includes statistical data and non-systematic research results obtained from various sources, but it shows not only the effects of an economic stagnation cycle, but also the consequences of social-spatial restructuring resulting from the transformations in the secondary circuit of accumulation. The peripheral pattern of urban growth and organization prevailing since the 1950s has been depleted by the combined effect of the crisis and modernization of the production and circulation spheres of built-up space. In presenting and supporting the arguments, the article begins with a conceptual discussion of the notion of the peripheral pattern, to be followed by an examination of the major features of urban restructuring and their relations with changes in the real estate field. The first studies on metropolitan structure were conducted within the field of geography. L. Valladares (1988) distinguishes between various stages of urban research, according to the prevailing focus and approaches in each period.

• A high diversity of native pollinators was found across urban areas in Brazil. • Interactions are organized into modules, indicating some pollinator specialization. • Existing data, however, are biased spatially and towards certain sampling methods. • Native plants, herbs and shrubs, are important for supporting pollinators. • Urban tropical areas have much potential for conservation of pollinators. Urban areas contribute to conservation of pollinators, but we lack assessments from the most biodiverse tropical regions in the world. We synthesized studies on urban plant-pollinator interactions across Brazil, compiling 86 studies conducted in urban green spaces that reported 2678 interactions for 519 plant and 337 animal species. We evaluated the spatio-temporal distribution of the data, effects of sampling and conducted interaction network analyses. Most studies were conducted after the 2000s, in highly urbanized Atlantic Forest areas, with overrepresentation of large public institution areas. Most studies are of difficult access to the international audience as they were published in Portuguese and in local journals. Around 60% of the plants associated to pollinators are native while only three floral visitor species were categorized as exotic. Bees were the most diverse group and had the highest number of interacting plants, but avian and mammal pollinators were also found in urban areas. Hence, many native pollinators benefit from urban floral resources. Sampling effort and method impacted the number of interaction partners recovered, indicating the need for complementary and better planned sampling protocols. Mostly herbs and shrubs acted as network hubs across Brazilian urban landscapes, so these life forms are important to support pollinators and should be promoted for this purpose. We advocate for better standardized and planned research on urban plant-pollination interactions in diverse tropical countries, in order to accomplish a truly global effort on conservation of pollinators in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 182 academic articles from 13 countries published from 1970 to 2018 were reviewed and synthesized. • Most studies (42%) were from Brazil, Mexico (17%) and Chile (15%). • Brazil, Chile, Nicaragua, and Puerto Rico had higher than average per capita article output. • Most studies have been ecological and field-based surveys of vegetation diversity; social studies have appeared more recently. • Urban forest research in the region will be strengthened by integrating social-ecological data from its regional cities. Research on urban forests has expanded in the last 30 years in the US, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Nonetheless, urban forestry has been explored to much less extent in the Latin America and the Caribbean region, despite being one of the most urbanized and biodiverse regions in the world. We address this gap by providing a baseline understanding of urban forest research in the region based on a systematic review of the academic literature. Of the 55,000 studies found, 195 were selected for review, and 182 were analysed and synthesized. These studies came from 13 countries and were published from 1970 to mid-2018 (inclusive) in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Almost half of the studies were based in Brazil, followed by Mexico and Chile. To comparatively assess article output by country, we accounted for country population and Brazil, Chile, Nicaragua, and Puerto Rico had higher than average per capita article output. Most articles were ecological studies (64%) that used field surveys (58%) to research urban vegetation diversity. Most ecological studies did not include any social or management considerations. Only a few studies focused on spatiotemporal dynamics (12%) or the direct opinions of stakeholders (9%). We observed a notable increase in article output from the region during the last decade. The units of analysis targeted by these studies mostly focused on single trees in public areas (streets and parks). Understanding urban forests regionally could be strengthened by scaling up research across multiple units of analysis and across regional cities, which could provide a better understanding of regional spatiotemporal dynamics. To respond to current global trends and nurture regional strengths, research could also focus on a wider range of ecosystem services provided by urban forests, and the relationship of urban forests with poverty, crime, climate vulnerability, biodiversity loss, and social equity. These findings can inform key stakeholders in the region managing urban forests and trees about research trends and gaps to be filled. This article shows that the region indeed has an important body of research in urban forestry that should be recognized in global assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]