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The evaluation of education environment is essential to provide to the professors a better understanding of the teaching process. One valuable tool for this assessment is the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). This questionnaire has 50 questions and is divided in five dimensions: D1--Perceptions of teaching, D2--Perceptions of teacher, D3--Academic self-perceptions, D4--Perception of atmosphere, D5--Social self-perception. Although it was first elaborated to undergraduate medical students, it has been used to other health areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate learning environment of a dental postgraduate course in a Brazilian University. Twenty-one students of master degree and PhD program in Periodontics were invited to answer the DREEM questionnaire. The mean age of the students was 27.4 years old. The total DREEM mean was 146.8, presenting a positive learning environment. Possible correlations were analyzed by Spearman's correlation test (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between total DREEM and all 5 dimensions (p<0.05). The highest correlation was total DREEM with academic self-perceptions (r = 0.938). There was no correlation between age and distance from parents home (p>0.05). In conclusion, the postgraduate learning environment is positive and students are satisfied. This questionnaire was very efficient and provided important information to maintain or improve our learning environment.

Clinical education in dental practice is a challenge for professionals and students. The traditional method of clinical training in Periodontology usually is based on following the procedure and practicing under supervision, until achieving proficiency. However, laboratory practice is required before direct care in patients. Specific anatomic plastic models can be useful, but animal cadaver models provide better similarity to human tissues. The objectives of this study are to describe a model for training periodontal surgical techniques in a pig mandible model and evaluate the effect of the program on student's progress. Several surgical procedures were critically analyzed and trained with graduate students, including: gingivoplasty/gingivectomy, distal wedge procedure, frenectomy, internal bevel incision, total/partial flap, furcation access, gingival grafts and suture techniques. These procedures were theoretically reminded before laboratory practice. A questionnaire was applied concerning aspects of the laboratory and students provided their concepts and impression. The majority of the students scored positive aspects related to laboratory practice. Based on the questionnaire answers, we observed that the practical laboratory helped in the assimilation of the theoretical content and improved skills in the practice of periodontal surgical techniques. Graduate students were also more confident in performing these surgical procedures directly on the patient. Another positive aspect is the similarity of pig teeth and gingival tissues to human correspondent, being especially appropriate for surgical demonstration and training with excellent reproducibility. The laboratorial practice with pig mandible for graduate students was a valuable tool to improve periodontal surgical techniques.

Int J Dent Hygiene , 2011; 21-29 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00423.x Carrilho Neto A, De Paula Ramos S, Sant'ana ACP, Passanezi E. Oral health status among hospitalized patients. To investigate into oral health status and its association with health status in hospitalized patients. A total of 82 patients were examined and 49 (59.7%) patients were men. The patients answered a survey and oral examinations to detect the number of teeth, oral hygiene index, prostheses hygiene, oral lesions, caries, dental plaque index (DPI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index, periodontitis and periodontal index. Oral hygiene was associated with age, but it was not related to physical disability. Difficulty eating was mainly associated with age and tooth loss. All full and partially dentate patients presented dental plaque, 38 (69%) poor oral hygiene, 58 (98.1%) gingival inflammation, 41 (74.5%) periodontal disease and 33 (60%) caries. Oral lesions were detected in 30 (36.5%) and candidiasis ( n = 16, 19.6%) was the most frequent mucous lesion. Caries were associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene. Hospital length of stay and age were associated with increased DPI and GI. The majority of hospitalized patients did not present satisfactory oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal diseases are associated with health behaviours. Increased time length at hospital could increase gingival inflammation and dental plaque accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ateliê Geográfico is the property of Revista Atelie Geografico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the most important crops in southern Brazil, but little is known about the distribution and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We surveyed the occurrence and diversity of PPNs in 36 tobacco‐growing areas in southern Brazil as well as evaluated their relationship with 19 bioclimatic variables. For these purposes, extracted nematodes (from soil and roots) were identified based on morphological and biochemical traits and estimates of incidence and abundance were obtained, which were used to compute diversity indices. Furthermore, the relationship between taxa and diversity and the influence of bioclimatic variables were studied using principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear models (GLMs), respectively. We observed diversity across the sampled sites, with values varying from 0.03 to 1.22 and from 0.05 to 0.76 according to the Shannon‐Wiener and Pielou's evenness indices, respectively. Seven genera of PPNs (Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus and Mesocriconema) were identified, highlighting taxa with high incidence and abundance, such as Meloidogyne (100%; 1800 to 41,850 specimens/250 cm3), Helicotylenchus (100%; 50 to 9850 specimens/250 cm3), and Pratylenchus (86.1%; 50 to 1950 specimens/250 cm3). The PCA disclosed the major roles of Meloidogyne, Tylenchus, and Helicotylenchus in the structure of the PPN communities and their interplays. Among root‐knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica, M. arenaria and M. incognita were the predominant species. Using GLMs, we found that average annual temperature and annual precipitation strongly influenced the abundance of PPNs as well as the diversity indices (p <.01), with negative and/or positive interactions. Collectively, our findings fill gaps in knowledge about the current impact of PPNs and provide insights into future scenarios, including for other host crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oral malignant infiltrations (OMI) are relevant for the diagnosis and prognosis of leukemia/lymphoma. This study analysed the oral health status and OMI of individuals with leukemia/lymphoma. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis (2010–2021) of data from individuals seen at a specialized hospital‐based dental service in Brazil. Results: A total of 781 cases of leukemia/lymphoma were surveyed. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (30.1%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 26.0%), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (22.2%) were the most common diagnoses. The first (21.3%) and second (19.3%) decades of life were the most affected. Overall, dental caries (36.7%) and periodontal changes (34.6%) were the most frequent oral conditions. OMI occurred in 25 (3.2%) individuals. Lesions mainly involved the gingiva (80%) and patients diagnosed with AML (64%). Death (p < 0.001) and worse periodontal condition (p = 0.036) were more frequent among adults with OMI than among those without OMI. Death (p = 0.002) was more frequent among paediatric individuals with OMI than among those without OMI. When controlling for underlying disease, no association was observed between OMI and these outcomes. Conclusion: Oral status of individuals with leukemia, particularly those with acute leukemia or lymphoma, should be closely monitored since one or multiple conditions may occur, including OMI, which may influence disease outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims – Malanea (Rubiaceae) is a Neotropical genus of ca 40 species, 15 of which occur in Brazil, with nine found in the Atlantic Forest domain. This study aims to present a taxonomic treatment of the species occurring in the Atlantic Forest domain. Material and methods – We studied collections deposited in 15 Brazilian herbaria, ALCB, BHCB, BHZB, CEPEC, HUEFS, HUFU, IPA, JPB, MAC, OUPR, PEUFR, RFA, RB, UFP, and UFRN, and collections in NY were studied online. Specimens were identified using protologues and digital images of types available online. Key results – Of the nine species of Malanea previously recognized in the Atlantic Forest domain, we accepted seven, six of which are endemic. Malanea macrophylla has a wide distribution also occurring in other Brazilian phytogeographic domains, and adjacent countries. We expanded the distribution of four species and identified Bahia as the possible centre of diversity for the group in the domain. In addition, an identification key to the species, detailed descriptions, taxonomic notes, typifications, illustrations, maps of geographic distribution, and assessments of conservation status are provided. The names Malanea evenosa, M. forsteronioides, M. macrophylla, M. martiana, and M. spicata are here typified. The calculated conservation status revealed three Endangered species, two Vulnerable ones, M. forsteronioides as Near Threatened, and M. macrophylla with a status of Least Concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically revisits traditional perspectives on technology within academic and scientific writing studies. It aims to comprehend the intricate, emerging, and dynamic sociotechnical configurations that underlie contemporary scientific practices. These practices increasingly involve language, text, and literacy practices, seen as products of the collaboration between humans and machines. The paper draws on empirical research on influential institutional metadiscourses in high-impact scientific writing produced and/or disseminated by public universities and a research institute in the State of São Paulo (Brazil), whose local policies of globalization are driven by international university rankings. I use a qualitative content analysis approach grounded in socio-anthropological, socio-semiotic, and pragmatic studies of linguistic ideologies to shed light on how ideological and socio-semiotic processes support the metapragmatics of scientific writing in university policy documents. This metapragmatics is utterly alien to the role of performative sociotechnical infrastructures in the production, distribution, and hierarchization of scientific texts. Additionally, these documents do not account for the diverse conditions and restrictions that shape the production and circulation of academic knowledge in geopolitically marginal and equally diverse regions within the country, including those within São Paulo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sphagesauridae is a group of notosuchian crocodyliforms from the Late Cretaceous of South America characterized by highly specialized jaws and dentition. Here, we describe a new sphagesaurid from the Santo Anastácio Formation (Caiuá Group, Bauru Basin), south-east Brazil. The specimen is composed of a partial palate, neurocranium, mandible and fragmentary teeth. It represents a new species that can be assigned to Caipirasuchus due to the presence of a lateromedially narrow and anteroposteriorly long mandibular symphyseal region, apicobasal ridges on the posterior teeth, a diastema between D5 and D6, and a linear row of large neurovascular foramina on the lateral surface of the dentary. It differs from previously described Caipirasuchus species based on a ventrolaterally inclined surface of the dentaries posterior to the tooth row, a connection between the anteroventral margin of the external mandibular fenestra and the floor of the Meckelian canal, and the anterior process of the angular forming a 'V'-shaped suture in its contact with the splenial. The results of a phylogenetic analysis of notosuchians recovered the so-called 'advanced notosuchians' in a clade, for which we propose a phylogenetic definition and erect the name Sphagesauria. We also recovered two more inclusive clades encompassing an array of Mesozoic notosuchians, here named Xenodontosuchia, which includes Sphagesauria + Baurusuchia, and Eunotosuchia, including Xenodontosuchia, Uruguaysuchidae and other Cretaceous forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brittonia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the periodontal condition of individuals with Down syndrome and the association with sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and family perception of oral health. Methods: This cross‐sectional observational study was performed at a referral centre for dental assistance to disabled persons in Araçatuba, Brazil. Parents of the individuals were interviewed, and the visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded by one periodontist in six sites per tooth of all teeth. The individual was the unit of analysis. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Sixty‐four subjects (23.8 ± 8.3 years old) were included. Eighteen (28.1%) were diagnosed with gingivitis and 46 (71.9%) with periodontitis. In the multiple logistic regression final model, age and self‐reported oral hygiene practices were associated with the occurrence of periodontitis. The chance of having periodontitis was 4.7 times higher among individuals older than 20 years and approximately 4 times higher in patients whose oral hygiene was performed by themselves and their parents, compared with those who performed oral hygiene alone. Sex, follow‐up time in the centre, education, degree of participants' dependence, flossing and family history of periodontal disease were not associated with the occurrence of periodontitis. Higher levels of plaque and bleeding were observed for participants with parents reporting bad gingival health (76.2% and 46.9%) and deficient oral hygiene (79.5% and 47.3%). The perception of parents regarding gingival bleeding was correlated with higher bleeding detected clinically (P = 0.01; 50.1%). Conclusions: The prevalence of periodontitis in individuals with Down syndrome is high and increases with age, even in the face of the parents' perception about their children's oral condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educação Matemática Pesquisa is the property of Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo, Programa de Estudos Pos-Grad. em Educacao Matematica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In July of 2013 a group of undergraduate students from the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, published a collaborative web map called "Where I Was Robbed". Their initial efforts in publicizing their web map were restricted to announce it at a local radio as a tool of social interest. In two months the map had almost 10.000 reports, 155 reports per day and people from more the 350 cities had already reported a crime. The present study consists in an investigation about this collaborative web map spatial correlation to official robbery data registered at the Secretary of Public Safety database, for the city of Salvador, Bahia. Kernel density estimator combined with map algebra was used to the investigation. Spatial correlations with official robbery data for the city of Salvador were not found initially, but after standardizing collaborative data and mining official registers, both data pointed at very similar areas as the main hot spots for pedestrian robbery. Both areas are located at two of the most economical active areas of the city, although web map crimes reports were more concentrated in an area with higher income population. This results and discussions indicates that this collaborative application is been used mainly by mid class and upper class parcel of the city population, but can still provide significant information on public safety priority areas. Therefore, extended divulgation, on local papers, radio and TV, of the collaborative crime map application and partnership with official agencies are strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the impact of hospitalization on the oral health status of individuals hospitalized for a short period of time. Material and Methods This was an observational study of hospitalized patients. The plaque index ( PI), gingival index (GI) was measured at baseline (T0 - first 24 h of hospital admission), and at 3 (T1), 7 (T2), 14 (T3) days. Results One hundred and sixty-two patients were examined at baseline (T0), 35 examined at 3 days (T1), 23 at 7 days (T2) and 16 at 14 days (T3). The main reason for loss of patients was hospital discharge. The mean PI increased at T1 (0.97-1.21; p < 0.001), at T2 (1.06-1.30; p < 0.007) and at T3 (1.19-1.44; p < 0.03). Gingival index ( GI) increased at T2 (0.74-0.96; p < 0.04) and at T3 (0.74-0.96; p < 0.02). Conclusion Oral health, assessed through PI and GI, deteriorates after a short period of hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Aripuana is one of the largest wood producer in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Wood residues are used in the electricity generation at three thermoelectric plants in this region. However, the plants have high costs in transporting the wood residues (due to poor road conditions). Hence, this paper compares the energy performance of wood residues in natura and compacted as briquettes by calculating the heating value and determining the influence of moisture content on the energy characteristics of wood residues. The goal is to demonstrate the viability of using briquettes in order to improve thermoelectric generation. The wood residues from this region are affected by the high humidity of the biome. An alternative to improve the use of energy contained in the wood residues is to produce briquettes with lower humidity. This allows one to maintain high levels of heat energy in a lower volume, facilitating handling and storage. The results show that the use of briquettes improved the performance of thermoelectric plants, generating 1 MW of electricity power with less than 1 ton of briquettes. This contributes to the preservation of the environment, reducing operating costs, transportation and storage of the raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]